高考語法必備-虛擬語氣課件

1、2虛擬語氣的特殊形式，即用來表示要求、建議、命令、提議、意愿等的主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣；3主從句表示不同的時(shí)間概念、事實(shí)或假設(shè)情況，從而交錯(cuò)成為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬語氣；4含蓄條件句中表示愿望的虛擬語氣。類型構(gòu)成或用法例句用于簡(jiǎn)單句中hope，expect，think，mean，plan，want，intend，suppose等動(dòng)詞的“過去完成時(shí)”或它們的“過去時(shí)不定式的完成時(shí)”表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望或打算。We hoped to have stayed there a week.“if only陳述句”表示現(xiàn)在的愿望用過去時(shí)；表示過去的愿望用過去完成時(shí)；表示將來的愿望用

2、過去時(shí)或過去將來時(shí)。If only I were a flying bird. If only I had seen the film！類型構(gòu)成或用法例句用于定語從句中在It is(high) time (that).句型中，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式或should動(dòng)詞原形，其中should不可以省略。此句型意為“(現(xiàn)在)該”，用來表示建議。It is (high) time that you went to school. It is (high) time that we should start out.類型構(gòu)成或用法例句用于賓語從句中wish賓語從句的虛擬語氣有三種表達(dá)方式過去時(shí)表現(xiàn)在

3、過去完成時(shí)表過去could/would/might動(dòng)詞原形表將來I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.I wish it would stop raining.用于表示要求、命令、建議、意圖、決定、推薦等意義的動(dòng)詞，如order，require，demand，suggest，advise，propose，command，request，insist，recommend等后接賓語從句時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞為(should)動(dòng)

4、詞原形。He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.The teacher demanded that all of the students(should) be here on time.would rather(would sooner)后的賓語從句，謂語用一般過去時(shí)表現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪龅氖虑?。如談到過去的動(dòng)作，則用過去完成時(shí)。I would rather they didnt hear of the news.類型構(gòu)成或用法例句用于主語從句中It is desired/suggested/proposed/neces

5、sary/important/strange/natural /essential/a pitythat從句，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”。It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.用于表語從句和同位語從句中在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，其構(gòu)成是“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”。We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should

6、) go to Dalian for sightseeing.as if/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句過去時(shí)表現(xiàn)在過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行過去完成時(shí)表過去could/would/might動(dòng)詞原形表將來He looks as if he were an artist.She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.He learns English so hard as if he would go to the US.A.類型構(gòu)成或用法例句注意條件句中有were，had，should時(shí)，若省略if，則需

7、把were，had，should放在主語前，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果省略的條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞是否定形式，不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。Were I at school again, I would study harder.Had you come early, you would have caught the bus.虛擬條件句和主句動(dòng)作若發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，主句和從句的謂語要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時(shí)間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語氣形式，這種句子叫作錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。動(dòng)詞形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)調(diào)整。Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.If you ha

8、d studied hard before, you would be a college student now.有時(shí)虛擬條件不用從句，而是通過上下文或用介詞短語等表示出來，這種句子叫含蓄條件句。常用的介詞有with，without，but for，otherwise等。we couldnt have finished the work in time without your help.當(dāng)suggest作“暗示，表明”講，insist作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”講時(shí)，從句要用陳述語氣。He insisted that he had done nothing wrong.他堅(jiān)持說他沒有做錯(cuò)。His pal

9、e look suggested that he was in poor health.蒼白的面色表明他身體狀況不佳。2(2012浙江，19)Had they known what was coming next, they second thoughts.Amay have Bcould haveCmust have had Dmight have had解析D句意：如果他們知道接下來將發(fā)生什么，他們可能會(huì)再三考慮的。根據(jù)句意可知是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬，主句應(yīng)用“should/would/could/might have done”，故D項(xiàng)正確。3(2012陜西，17)If my car m

10、ore reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.Awas Bhad beenCshould be Dwould be解析B句意：如果我的車(性能)更可靠些的話，去年夏天我就開車去拉薩而不是坐飛機(jī)去了。根據(jù)句意可知為與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬，if引導(dǎo)的條件從句應(yīng)該使用過去完成時(shí)，故選擇B項(xiàng)。6(2012天津，15)We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold us a ride home.Adidnt offer Bwouldnt offerChasnt

11、 offered Dhadnt offered解析D句意：昨天如果哈羅德不讓我們搭他的車回家的話，我們就會(huì)叫出租車了。根據(jù)“would have called.yesterday”可知此句為與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，條件句應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，故D項(xiàng)正確。7(2011北京，28)Where are the children? The dinners going to becompletely ruined.I wish they always late.AwerentBhadnt been Cwouldnt be Dwouldnt have been解析A句意：孩子們都到哪里去了？飯菜就要變涼了。我希望他們不要總是遲到。wish后跟that從句，從句采用虛擬語氣，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的用一般過去時(shí)，與過去事實(shí)相反的用過去完成時(shí)。本題表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故正確答案為A項(xiàng)。10(2010浙江，10)Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time and ener