數(shù)學(xué)專業(yè)英語第七講論文寫作及投稿課件

講英語數(shù)學(xué)論文的寫作(二）ProfessionalPaperWriting寫作及投稿【寫作前準(zhǔn)備】1、自己的研究結(jié)果是否夠發(fā)一篇SCI或一般英文文章？2、適合發(fā)表在什么雜志？是選擇專業(yè)期刊？還是綜合期刊？3、是什么類型的投稿（Typesofsubmission）？比如Articles（論著）；Reviews（綜述）；Reports（報(bào)告）；Lettertoeditor（來信）等。4、該雜志的影響因子（Impactfactor）是多少，每年發(fā)表多少文章？是否有過本土中國人在上面發(fā)表？（便于評價(jià)自己的文章被接收的可能性）?！緦懽髑皽?zhǔn)備】5、有沒有下載該雜志最新的投稿須知（Instructionsforauthors）？(例：教材P254-259.)6、是否弄清楚了投稿須知各個條目的意思？7、是否接收網(wǎng)上投稿(Submissiononline)（一般有網(wǎng)上投稿的雜志更為方便）？8、是否收版面費(fèi)(Pagecharges)？如果論文被接收，自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)能力能否支付該雜志的發(fā)表全部費(fèi)用。9、手頭有多少相關(guān)內(nèi)容的文獻(xiàn)？（越多越好，這樣寫作的時(shí)候能借鑒他們的思路和語句，對分析討論的開展也很有好處）【寫作環(huán)節(jié)】1、不要用中國式的思維去寫英文句子。2、套用老外的寫作思路（比如前言第1段寫對問題的認(rèn)識及重要性，第2段對基本背景知識的介紹，第3段如何引出研究問題。討論部分往往每一段第一句為該段的中心句。）3、格式一定要嚴(yán)格按照所投雜志的要求來排版（可以參考投稿須知的要求和該雜志最近發(fā)表的文章，要做到一模一樣，這樣編輯認(rèn)為你是認(rèn)真對待的）。4、避免使用“首次發(fā)現(xiàn)、該研究特別有意義。。。”等語句（老外喜歡你陳述事實(shí)，是不是首次發(fā)現(xiàn)由別人說了算，有沒有意義需要時(shí)間來檢驗(yàn)）?！緦懽鳝h(huán)節(jié)】5、首頁有什么特殊要求？比如是否寫清了通訊作者（Correspondingauthor）和頁眉標(biāo)題（Runningtitle），Runningtitle是否符合字符數(shù)要求，一般50個字符以下。首頁是否要求標(biāo)明全文字符數(shù)（Thenumberofcharactersmustbelistedonthetitlepage）。首頁是否要求提供關(guān)鍵詞（Keywords)，現(xiàn)在很多雜志在正式出版的時(shí)候是看不到關(guān)鍵詞的，其多數(shù)目的是為了編輯好選擇審稿專家。6、摘要是否為有特殊格式（比如摘要格式：目的，方法，結(jié)果，結(jié)論），是否有字?jǐn)?shù)限制（比如205個字以下）?！緦懽鳝h(huán)節(jié)】7、注意參考文獻(xiàn)（References）一定要符合雜志的格式，參考文獻(xiàn)的數(shù)目是否有限制。是否引用正在出版的（Inpress）文章或未公開的（Unpublisheddata）數(shù)據(jù)。8、是否引用了較多著名雜志的文章為參考文獻(xiàn)（影響因子超過10的雜志文章，他們引用的文獻(xiàn)多數(shù)也是來自10以上的雜志，也就是說投高影響因子的雜志就盡量不要引用低檔雜志的文章，這是一條潛規(guī)則）。9、引用了幾篇該雜志的文章作為參考文獻(xiàn)（有的雜志有明確要求要引幾篇，有的沒有要求，但是編輯在還是喜歡你多引他們雜志的文章）?！緦懽鳝h(huán)節(jié)】10、寫完后最好先找一個在國外呆過幾年的中國人修改第1次（這樣能糾正明顯寫作錯誤和表達(dá)，又明白你的寫作意思），然后再找一個英語為母語的人修改（最好是相關(guān)專業(yè)的，這樣能夠糾正一些微小錯誤和表達(dá)習(xí)慣）。最終的目的是即使退稿也不是因?yàn)檎Z言問題。人家修改完了注意在回信中致謝：Thankyouverymuchfortheexcellentandprofessionalrevisionofourmanuscript.Infuture,IwillsendyoumyEnglishmanuscriptsforproofreading!Iwillacknow-ledgeyourhelpinthefootnote.并在文章中致謝(Wethank***forcriticalreadingofthemanuscript.)【寫作環(huán)節(jié)】11、注意文章中不要有中文輸入法情況下的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(老外的計(jì)算機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)可能識別為亂碼或者為非法程序)12、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號是否正確？空格是否恰當(dāng)？13、注意縮寫的格式,時(shí)間表示的格式,希臘字母的格式。14、該斜體的地方是否是斜體。15、圖表是否符合雜志的數(shù)目(Number)、大小(Size)和分辨率(Resolution)要求？有幾副彩圖（建議能設(shè)置為灰度的圖就改成灰度的圖，比如一些統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果圖。因?yàn)椴蕡D收費(fèi)（Colorcharges）是很貴的）16、圖的格式類型是否有要求，一般只接收EPS或TIFF格式。圖的模式是否有要求，比如現(xiàn)在很多雜志要求RGB模式。【寫作環(huán)節(jié)】17、圖表是放在后面，還是插入在文章中。(看投稿須知要求)。18、字?jǐn)?shù)是否符合雜志要求（有的雜志對字?jǐn)?shù)也有要求。比如最多8個版面。他一般會告訴你怎么推測自己的文章占幾個版面，比如有的雜志大約是8000個字符數(shù)(characters)（包括空格）為一個版面）。19、全文的字號是否符合要求。（一般是12號字(12-point)，雙倍行距（Doublespace））。20、是否進(jìn)行了致謝（國外的文章一般都會致謝。一般要求寫受什么基金資助，誰對文章改了，誰進(jìn)行了技術(shù)幫助，誰提供了一些實(shí)驗(yàn)材料等；其中很多雜志基金資助一般寫在Footnote中）。論文的結(jié)構(gòu) Title(標(biāo)題)Abstract(摘要)Keywords(關(guān)鍵詞)Tableofcontents(目錄)Nomenclature(術(shù)語表)Introduction(引言) Method(方法) Results(結(jié)果) Discussion(討論) Conclusion(結(jié)論)Acknowledgement(致謝)Notes(注釋)References(參考文獻(xiàn))Appendix(附錄)正文body一篇完整規(guī)范的學(xué)術(shù)論文結(jié)構(gòu)如左所示，其中：Title，Abstract，Introduction，Method，Result，Discussion，Conclusion和Reference八項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是必不可少的，其他內(nèi)容則根據(jù)具體需要而定Title&AbstractTitleeyecatchingAbstractAbstractisaVERYimportantpartofyourpaperPurpose:SummaryofyourworkandcontributionsBasically,hereisyouradvertisementofyourpaper:whatyouwanttosell?PeopledecidetocontinuetoreadornowbasedonitStyle?Whatistheproblem?Whatisyoursolutionandresults?AbstractTrytobeconcisebutincludethefollowingDescribetheproblem/issueaddressedinthepaper(Whatisit?Isitreallyimportant?Challenging?)Statethemotivations(fillingagap?overcominginadequatenessandweaknessofexistingsolutions?)Highlighttheideasandfeaturesofyourwork(incomparisonwithexistingones–advantages?improvement?)Highlightthemainresultsofevaluation(analyticalorexperimental)【摘要的內(nèi)容與結(jié)構(gòu)】?

目的(objectives，purposes)：包括研究背景、范圍、內(nèi)容、要解決的問題及解決這一問題的重要性和意義。?

方法(methodsandmaterials)：包括材料、手段和過程。?

結(jié)果與簡短討論(resultsanddiscussions)：包括數(shù)據(jù)與分析。?

結(jié)論(conclusions)：主要結(jié)論，研究的價(jià)值和意義等。概括地說，摘要必須回答“研究什么”、“怎么研究”、“得到了什么結(jié)果”、“結(jié)果說明了什么”等問題。無論哪種摘要，語言特點(diǎn)和文體風(fēng)格也都相同。首先必須符合格式規(guī)范。第二，語言必須規(guī)范通順，準(zhǔn)確得體，用詞要確切、恰如其分，而且要避免非通用的符號、縮略語、生偏詞。另外，摘要的語氣要客觀，不要做出言過其實(shí)的結(jié)論。【公認(rèn)的英文摘要寫作規(guī)范】1）句子完整、清晰、簡潔。2）用簡單句。為避免單調(diào)，改變句子的長度和句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。3）用過去時(shí)態(tài)描述作者的工作，因它是過去所做的。但是，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)描述所做的結(jié)論。4）

避免使用動詞的名詞形式。如：正：“Thicknessofplasticsheetwasmeasured”誤：“measurementofthicknessofplasticsheetwasmade”5）

正確地使用冠詞，既應(yīng)避免多加冠詞，也應(yīng)避免蹩腳地省略冠詞。如：正：“Pressureisafunctionofthetemperature”誤：“Thepressureisafunctionofthetemperature”;6)避免使用長的、連串的形容詞、名詞、或形容詞加名詞來修飾名詞。為打破這種狀態(tài)，可使用介詞短語，或用連字符連接名詞詞組中的名詞，形成修飾單元。7)使用短的、簡單的、具體的、熟悉的詞,不使用華麗的詞藻。8)使用主動語態(tài)而不使用被動語態(tài)?！癆exceedsB”讀起來要好于“BisexceededbyA”。使用主動語態(tài)還有助于避免過多地使用類似于“is”,“was”,“are”和“were”這樣的弱動詞。9)避免使用那些既不說明問題，又沒有任何含意的短語。例如：“speciallydesignedorformulated”，“Theauthordiscusses”，“Theauthorstudied”應(yīng)刪去。不使用俚語、非英語的句子，慎用行話和口語?！竟J(rèn)的英文摘要寫作規(guī)范】IntroductionOneofthemostimportantpartsofyourpaperPeopleusuallyreadcarefullyonAbstractandIntroductiontofindoutwhatisinyourpapersoastodecidewhetheritworthfurtherreading,sodon’tmakethemdisappointedYoucanwriteIntroductionbyexpandingtheabstractMostimportantistoshowhowyourworkismotivated(background),focusofthepaper,mainideas,andsignificanceofresults.Sellyourwork-usestrongtones!AddoutlineofpaperRelatedworkTellpeoplethebackgroundandexistingworksrelatedtoyourresearchItcanalsobeplacedattheendofthepaper(beforeConclusion),dependingonwhetheryourworkheavilydependsontheseworksornotPurpose:drawthedifferencesRelatedworkBelucid–summarizeandclassifyexistingworksbydescribingthemainapproachesusedandresultsofimportantworks.Don’tsimplygiveapaper-by-paperdescriptionwithoutlogicaldevelopment.Becriticalbutskillfulinpointingouttheweaknessofexistingworks–Don’toverlycriticize.Wheneverpossible,comparethemwithyourproposedsolutionYoucanborrowideas/techniquesfromthembutmusthavesomenewstuff(improvementorextension,orapplythemtonewenvironment.【正文】學(xué)術(shù)論文的正文一般包括Method，Result，Discussion三個部分。這三部分主要描述研究課題的具體內(nèi)容、方法，研究過程中所使用的設(shè)備、儀器、條件，并如實(shí)公布有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)和研究結(jié)果等。Conclusion是對全文內(nèi)容或有關(guān)研究課題進(jìn)行的總體性討論。它具有嚴(yán)密的科學(xué)性和客觀性，反映一個研究課題的價(jià)值，同時(shí)提出以后的研究方向。為了幫助說明論據(jù)、事實(shí)，正文中經(jīng)常使用各種圖表。最常用的是附圖（Figure）和表（Table），此外還有圖解或簡圖（Diagram）、曲線圖或流程圖（Graph）、視圖（View）、剖面圖（Profile）、圖案（Pattern）等。在文中提到時(shí)，通常的表達(dá)法為：如圖4所示As(is)showninFig.4,如表1所示As(is)showninTab.1,【結(jié)論】在正文最后應(yīng)有結(jié)論(Conclusions)或建議(Suggestions)。(1)關(guān)于結(jié)論可用如下表達(dá)方式：①Thefollowingconclusionscanbedrawnfrom…(由……可得出如下結(jié)論)②Itcanbeconcludedthat…(可以得出結(jié)論……)③Wemayconcludethat…或Wecometotheconclusionthat…(我們得出如下結(jié)論……)④Itisgenerallyaccepted(believed,held,acknowledged)that…(一般認(rèn)為…)(用于表示肯定的結(jié)論)⑤Wethink(consider,believe,feel)that…(我們認(rèn)為…)(用于表示留有商量余地的結(jié)論)(2)關(guān)于建議可用如下表達(dá)方式。①Itisadvantageousto(do)②Itshouldberealized(emphasized,stressed,noted,pointedout)that…③Itissuggested(proposed,recommended,desirable)that…④Itwouldbebetter(helpful,advisable)that…【結(jié)尾部分】1、致謝為了對曾給予支持與幫助或關(guān)心的人表示感謝，在論文之后，作者通常對有關(guān)人員致以簡短的謝詞，可用如下方式：Iamthankfultosb.forsthIamgratefultosb.forsthIamdeeplyindebtedtosb.forsthIwouldliketothanksb.forsth.Thanksareduetosb.forsthTheauthorwishestoexpresshissincereappreciationtosb.forsth.Theauthorwishestoacknowledgesb.Theauthorwishestoexpresshisgratitudeforsth.【結(jié)尾部分】2、注釋注釋有兩種方式，一種為腳注，即將注釋放在出現(xiàn)的當(dāng)頁底部；另一種是將全文注釋集中在結(jié)尾部分。兩種注釋位置不同，方法一樣。注釋內(nèi)容包括:(1)引文出處。注釋方式參見“參考文獻(xiàn)”。(2)對引文的說明,如作者的見解、解釋。(3)文中所提到的人的身份，依次為職稱或職務(wù)、單位.如:Professor,DeanofDept….University（教授，……大學(xué)……系主任）Chairman,…Company,USA（美國……公司董事長）(4)本論文是否曾發(fā)表過?！窘Y(jié)尾部分】3、參考文獻(xiàn)在論文的最后應(yīng)將寫論文所參考過的主要論著列出，目的是表示對別人成果的尊重或表示本論文的科學(xué)根據(jù)，同時(shí)也便于讀者查閱。參考文獻(xiàn)的列法如下：如果是書籍，應(yīng)依次寫出作者、書名、出版社名稱、出版年代、頁數(shù)。如:Dailey,C.L.andWood,F.C.,ComputationcurvesforcompressibleFluidProblems,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.NewYork,1949,pp.37-39如果是論文，應(yīng)依次寫出作者、論文題目、雜志名稱、卷次、期次、頁數(shù)。如：MarrishJosephG.,TurbulenceModelingforComputationalAerodynamics,AIAAJ.Vol-21,No.7,1983,PP.941-955如果是會議的會刊或論文集，則應(yīng)指出會議舉行的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)。如：ProceedingsoftheSixthInternationalConferenceonFractureDec.4-10,1984,NewDelhi,India如果作者不止一人，可列出第一作者，其后加上etal。如：Wagner,R.S.etal,….【準(zhǔn)備投稿】1、是否了解了該雜志的投稿程序？2、如果有網(wǎng)上投稿，是否了解其使用方法？3、是否為投稿和以后的交流準(zhǔn)備了一個國際通用的郵箱。建議盡量使用,,等郵箱。如果用國內(nèi)的郵箱可能會給帶來意想不到的麻煩。4、雜志是否只接受通訊作者的投稿。5、是否要投稿費(fèi)（Submissionfee）6、是否準(zhǔn)備好了投稿信(Coverletter)，該雜志在投稿信中是否有明確要求（有的有明確要求，必須申明他所列的一些申明，類似中國的無一稿兩投，無泄密，無版權(quán)糾紛等）【準(zhǔn)備投稿】7、稿件的格式（Fileformats）。例如投稿是否只接收PDF格式的文件。8、是否要求自己提供一些審稿人名字，如果要求，你了解了這些審稿人的地址和電子信箱了嗎？（因?yàn)榫庉嬕闾峁┧麄冊敿?xì)的聯(lián)系方式）9、最后檢查一遍文檔是否有錯誤。投稿開始-找到期刊【投稿】1、在該雜志網(wǎng)站上申請一個用戶名（注意保管好用戶名和密碼）2、登入在線投稿系統(tǒng)按要求填寫后，檢查是否投稿成功（一般會有顯示，有的直接在系統(tǒng)上就顯示，并能下載自己上傳的稿件打開，有的是系統(tǒng)自動回復(fù)一封確認(rèn)信到你的郵箱）。3、是否記住了自己的文章編號（Themanuscriptidentificationnumber）（以后與編輯聯(lián)系的時(shí)候，就可以在Email主題中寫上自己的文章編號）【投稿】4、是否獲得了編輯的初步意見（編輯首先要初看一下是否符合該雜志的要求，下列情況編輯可能就不會分發(fā)給審稿人了而直接拒絕，比如語言問題，老外看不懂，內(nèi)容不適合本雜志的征稿范圍），一般系統(tǒng)上會顯示，如果進(jìn)入了下一個環(huán)節(jié)，就要耐心等待。5、在審稿的過程中不能有焦躁情緒，最容易犯的問題就是寫信去催。非常不禮貌，一般至少2個月后去信詢問較為合適。好的雜志一般都是按照雜志本身的時(shí)間規(guī)律去辦事的，不用你問，到了那個時(shí)間就會給消息。【結(jié)果及后續(xù)事情】1、被拒絕(Reject)，根據(jù)反饋意見繼續(xù)努力。（對文章重新修改后，可以選擇其他雜志投稿）2、被告之返修(Revision)。（已經(jīng)邁出成功的一步）。請一定按照審稿人的意見逐一進(jìn)行修改，該補(bǔ)充的就補(bǔ)充，不能完成的要解釋?；匦胖幸欢ㄒ⒁庹Z氣，不要用刻薄的詞語，要感謝審稿人的意見，并逐條回答。讓編輯一目了然，你做了那些修改。（一般情況是審稿人一審到底，一直到審稿人沒有意見）。3、一般要經(jīng)過幾次修改后，才會出現(xiàn)你最喜歡的結(jié)果接收（Accept）4、按照要求簽署版權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓協(xié)議書（Assignmentofcopyright），注意什么地方要打印，什么地方要手寫，什么時(shí)間必須返回協(xié)議書?！窘Y(jié)果及后續(xù)事情】5、交納所有費(fèi)用（一般會給你一個詳單，是否需要單行本，需要多少單行本，都很貴，建議不要算了。還會詢問支付方式，是用信用卡(creditcard)還是支票(check)6、費(fèi)用支付。是否有信用卡（到中國銀行去問問，我們平時(shí)用的多是借記卡），是否了解支票和外匯的使用（老外一般是不希望外匯的。有的只接收本國銀行的支票）。7、校正清樣?；鹛柺欠駥戝e，作者名字是否寫錯（大部分雜志是不允許投稿后增減作者的）。有的雜志清樣校正后的稿子是不允許再改動的。再改動是要收錢的，而且延誤出版。8、一般網(wǎng)上先出文章的電子版。國際期刊編輯對來自中國稿件的看法科技期刊編輯面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是什么？CoverletterFollow-upCorrespondence（催稿信）RevisedManuscript(稿件退修)與編輯、審稿人的聯(lián)系Maincontents1.Theimportanceofacoverletter(1)Anoutstandingcoverlettercangivetheeditoranexcellentimpression.Itcanbeusedasaprologue(oranopeningremark).(2)Thecover

letteristypicallytheinitialcommunicationwhichyouhavewiththeeditoraboutyourmanuscript.Then,basedontheletterandtheabstractofthemanuscript,theeditorwilldecideifthearticleisworthsendingtopeersforscientificreviewing.(3)Forthecoverlettercanbeseenastheabstractofyourarticle,itcanpartlyrepresentyourwritingstandard.2.Howtowriteacoverletterkeepitconcise

andclear

and

giveprominencetothekeypoints.Yourcoverlettershouldbepreparedlessthanonepage.3.TheinformationinaCoverLetter(1)Theinformationofthecorrespondent;

(2)Thetitleofthemanuscript,thenumbersoftables,figures,charts,platesandsoon;(3)Thestatementthatthismanuscripthasneverbeenpartlyorwhollypublishedinorsubmittedtoanyotherjournals;(4)Thestatementthatallauthorsinthemanuscripthaveagreedtosubmitittothisjournalandit'sbettertohaveeachone'ssignature;(5)Thestatementthattheresearchinthemanuscripthasbeenconductedundertheguidanceofinternationalethicalstandardsiftheresearchusesanimalsasexperimentalmaterials;

(6)Suggestedreviewersyouthinkthatareappropriateforthismanuscript;(7)Thestatementontheinappropriatereviewersforthismanuscript,andit'sbettertostatethereasonsinconcisewords;(8)Somejournalsrequiretheauthorstobrieflyintroducehisresearchpurposes,methodsandresults.DepartmentofPublication,NSFC83ShuangqingRoad,HaidianDistrictBeijing100083,PRChinaJuly18,2011ProfessorT.Braun,Editor-in-ChiefofScientometericsInstituteofInorganicandAnalyticalChemistryE?tv?sLorándUniversityH-1443Budapest-70,P.O.Box123HungaryDearEditor:Thisisamanuscriptentitled“InternationalvisibilityofChinesescientificjournals”by。。。and。。。.Itissubmittedtobeconsideredforpublicationasan“Article”inyourjournal.StatementofallauthorsWebelievethepapermaybeofparticularinteresttothereadersofyourjournalasitCorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedto。。。atthefollowingaddress,phoneandfaxnumber,andemailaddress:……Thankyouverymuchforyourattentiontoourpaper.Sincerelyyours,。。。(簽名)。。。(簽名)TheinformationofthecorrespondentAllauthorshavereadandapprovedthisversionofthearticle,andduecarehasbeentakentoensuretheintegrityofthework.Neithertheentirepapernoranypartofitscontenthasbeenpublishedorhasbeenacceptedelsewhere.Itisnotbeingsubmittedtoanyotherjournal.Neverbeenpublishedinanyotherjournals4.ThingsYouShouldNeverMention(1)Irrelevantpersonalinformation.(2)Announcementsofyourunprofessionalorunpublishedstatus.(3)Hype(夸張).(4)Apologiesaboutyourarticle(oryourself).(5)Adescriptionofthearticle'sflaws.(6)Explanationsofwhyyouaresendingmaterialthatdoesn'tmatchthepublication'sguidelines.(7)Demandsorexpectations.(8)Opinionsofyourfamily,friends,orwritingteachers.(9)Alistofpriorrejections.(10)Don’tforgettocheckgrammarandspelling.Follow-upCorrespondenceIfyoudonotreceiveacknowledgmentwithin2weeks,callorwritetheeditorialofficetoverifythatyourmanuscriptwasindeedreceived.Deareditor,

Afterthesubmissionofourmanuscriptentitled"Cancerclassificationbyexpressionprofiles:microRNAversusmRNA"(trackingnumber:2007-10-11332)toNature,sixweekshavepassed.SoIwouldliketoinquirethestatusofourmanuscript.

WethinkthatourcommentsontheoriginalpaperofNaturewillcausewidespreadinteresttobothexpertsandnon-experts.ThisisbecausemicroRNAisahotspotinlifescience;theauthoroftheoriginalpaperisaVIPincancerresearchbasedongeneexpressionprofiles,withaSCIHindexof45,totalcitationsmorethan15,000times,andthispapercitied365times;andthealgorithmweproposedoutperformstherecentstate-of-the-artalgorithm.Moreover,byusingotherstate-of-the-artalgorithms,wecanalsoprovethattheoriginalauthor'smainconclusionsarewrong.

Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply.Thanksalot.RevisedManuscriptWhenyoureceiveamodifyletter,examineitandtheaccompanyingreviewers’commentscarefully.Ifthereviewersareright,youshouldfollowtheirdirectionsandrewritethemanuscriptaccordingly.Ifthereviewersandtheeditorseriouslymisreadormisunderstoodyourmanuscript,youmayexplainitreasonablyandlogically.Deareditor:Thanksalotforhavingreviewedourmanuscript.Nowwehaverevisedthemanuscriptaccordingtothereviewers’comments.Mostoftherevisionsareinthemanuscript.Someexplanationsregardingtherevisionsofourmanuscriptareasfollows.

DearProf.XXXX,ThankyouverymuchforyourletterandthecommentsfromtherefereesaboutourpapersubmittedtoXXXX(MSNumberXXXX).Wehavecheckedthemanuscriptandreviseditaccordingtothecomments.Wesubmitheretherevisedmanuscriptaswellasalistofchanges.Ifyouhaveanyquestionaboutthispaper,pleasedon’thesitatetoletmeknow.Sincerelyyours,投稿信-

CoverletterDeareditor,Enclosedpleasefindthreecopiesofapaperentitled‘ANumericalStudyofEffectoftheSurfaceFinishofopenholesonFatigueLife’.

Inthepaper,theeffectofsurfacefinishofopenholesonthefatiguelifehasbeenstudied.Fourdefectsofthesurfacefinisharesimulated.Theyarescratch,void,inclusionandroundness.Forthesedefects,thefatiguelivesdecreasewiththeincreasingofthevaluesofthedefects.Itisanoriginalwork.Ithasnotbeensenttootherjournalsorconferencesforpublicationandhasnotbeentranslatedinotherlanguagesforpublication.IwishitcanbepublishedinyourjournalTheoreticalandAppliedFractureMechanics.Lookingforwardtohearingfromyouatyourearliestconveniece.Yourssincerely…………..投稿回函DearProf.……,TheEditoroftheTransactionsonEducationacknowledgesreceiptofthefollowingmanuscript:No.TE-2012-000262-AConcept-basedApproachtoConductingCooperativeLearningProcessItisunderstoodthatthismanuscriptisentirelyoriginal,hasnotbeencopyrighted,published,submitted,oracceptedforpublicationelsewhere,andallnecessaryclearancesandreleaseshavebeenobtained.Ifthematerialinthispaperhasbeenpublishedbeforeinanyform,itisimperativethatyouinformmeimmediately.

Youwillbenotifiedviaemailwhenthereviewofthismanuscriptiscompleted.Pleaserefertothepapernumberinanycommunicationsregardingyourmanuscript.YoumaycheckthereviewstatusofyourmanuscriptviatheIEEEmanuscriptCentralwebsite.Whenthereviewofyourmanuscripthasbeencompleted,youwillbenotifiedofitsdispositionbyemailandatthattimereviewercommentswillalsobemadeavailabletoyou.Sincerely,Editor-in-Chief

投稿回函(Reject)Prof.……,

IregrettoinformyouthatIhavemadethedecisiontorejectyourmanuscript,TE-2012-000296,titled"ATabuSearchApproachtoGeneratingTestSheetsforMultipleAssessmentCriteria"INITSPRESENTFORMsothatyoucanmakeadjustmentsinthemanuscriptandsubmitarevisedversionforformalreview.TheTransactionsnowrequiresthatallmanuscriptcontentbeintheEnglishlanguage.Yourmanuscript,assubmitted,containsgraphicalinformationthatisinalanguageotherthanEnglish.Pleasereplacethosegraphicscontainingnon-EnglishcontentwithgraphicstotallyinEnglish.Onceyouhavemadethesesubstitutions,pleasesubmityourrevisedmanuscriptforreview.Thankyouinadvanceforyourattentiontothismatter.Sincerely,DavidA.Conner,Ph.D.,P.E.Editor-in-Chief修改說明-ResponseletterResponselettertoreviewerDearreviewer:Mymanuscript(ID:1224-GG05-12)entitled"EffectofSurfaceRoughnessonDeterminationofCreepParameterusingImpressionCreepTechnique"wasrevisedaccordingtoyourcomments.Wehopethatourresponseshaveclassifiedeachofyourcommentsandcanbeofhelptotheimprovementofourmanuscript.Weapologizeforthetroublesbroughtbyourcarelessness.Weappreciateyourconstructivecriticisms.Theitemizedresponsestoeachofyourcommentsareattachedbelow.修改說明-ResponseletterCommentA:thefollowingunclearsentencesshouldbeeditedextensively:

1)p1Abstract:"TheFEresults...creepstage"Response:Thesentencewasamendedas“TheFEresultsshowedthatthesurfaceroughnesshasnoeffectonthedeterminationofcreepexponentwhenthepunchingstressislargeenough(inthepresentstudysm>150MPa)”.

2)

p42nd§"Theeffect...flatsurface"

Response:Thesentencewasamendedas“Itisreportedthattheeffectofsurfaceroughnessonindentationbehaviordecreaseswiththeincreaseofpunchingstress[6]”.

3)

p4lastsentenceResponse:Thesentencewasamendedas“Fig.4agivestheevolutionofimpressiondepthhasafunctionofcreeptimet.Itshowshowtheimpressioncreepbehaviorsareinfluencedbysurfaceroughness”.審稿后的修改:絕好的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會!要珍惜這個直接與同行探討問題的機(jī)會。對于審稿意見要給予充分的回應(yīng)。

在每一條審稿意見下面寫出您的看法或回應(yīng)。不要漏掉任何一條。特別注明已經(jīng)做出的修改(如果有的話)。標(biāo)明頁碼和序號。常見的問題–探討了許多問題，但是最終也沒說清到底做了哪些修改。對于您接受的意見給以專業(yè)的回應(yīng)。對于您不接受的，要有理有據(jù)地說明你不贊同的理由，力圖說服對方，同時(shí)要保持應(yīng)有的尊重和禮貌。如被拒稿：切勿不加修改即投往他刊！您的論文很有可能“落入”同一個審稿人(甚至編輯)手中。建議：

在coverletter說明此文曾被退稿，并指明期刊名。說明退稿意見，并逐一詳細(xì)回復(fù)。體現(xiàn)你對審稿意見的重視。解釋說明為什么選擇這個期刊重新投稿。例如，你認(rèn)為你的論文更適合這本期刊；或者你在讀了這本期刊的某篇綜述后修改了你的論文；等等。論文接受函

(acceptedwithminorrevisions)DearProf.…,Thereviewofyourmanuscripttitled"ATestSheet-GeneratingAlgorithmforMultipleAssessmentRequirements",TE-2012-000029.R1,hasbeencompleted.

TheEditorialReviewBoard,whilefeelingthatyourmanuscriptisworthyofpublication,feelsthatthemanuscriptrequiresafewminorrevisionbeforeitcanbepublishedintheTransactionsonEducation.

Whenreviewingthemanuscript,eachreviewerwasaskedtocompletetwoquestionnaires:onethatdirectedcommentstotheEditorialBoardandonethatdirectedcommentstotheauthor(s)ofthemanuscript.

Youwillfindattachedreviewercommentsdirectedtoyou.

Inpreparingthenextrevisionofyourmanuscript,youwillbeexpectedtoaddresstheissuesbroughtupbythereviewers.

Onceyouhaveaddressedtheseissues,yourmanuscriptwillbereadytoprocessedtopublication.

Inpreparingyournextrevision,herearesomeimportantcriteriathatneedtobefollowed.

1.Thenextrevisionofyourmanuscriptshouldbedouble-spacedandtypedin12-pointtype.

DONOTsingle-space!

DONOTuseatwo-column,journal-styleformat!

2.Numbereachpage.

論文接受函

(completelyaccepted)Ms.

Ref.

No.:

MSEA-D-09-01672R1

Title:

Comparison

between

impression

creep

and

uniaxial

tensilecreep

performed

on

nickel

based

single

crystal

superalloys

Materials

Science

&

Engineering

A

Dear

Doctor

…,

It

is

my

pleasure

to

inform

you

that

your

manuscript

entitled

"Comparison

between

impression

creep

and

uniaxial

tensile

creep

performed

on

nickel

based

single

crystal

superalloys"

has

been

accepted

for

publication

in

Materials

Science

&

Engineering

A.I

am

sending

it

to

the

publisher,

Elsevier

Ireland

and

you

will

receive

proofs

in

due

course.

Thank

you

for

submitting

your

work

to

this

journal.

With

kind

regards,

E.J.

Lavernia

Editor

Materials

Science

&

Engineering

A

CoverLetterDearEditors,Enclosedpleasefindthemanuscriptentitled"*****",authoredby******.Thismanuscriptinvestigates*****.Themanuscriptisanoriginalworkandhasnotbeensubmittedorisunderconsiderationforpublicationinanotherjournal.Wewouldbeveryhappyifitcouldbereviewedandconsideredforpublicationofthefamousjournal******.Thankyouverymuchforyourattentionandconsideration!Sincerelyyours,XXX1.DearDr.…Iamsendingamanuscriptentitled“…”by–whichIshouldliketosubmitforpossiblepublicationinthejournalof-.-Yourssincerely-SCI投稿信件的一些套話一、投稿信2.DearDr.A:-Enclosedisamanuscriptentitled“…”bysb,whichwearesubmittingforpublicationinthejournalof-.Wehavechosenthisjournalbecauseitdealswith-.Webelievethatsthwouldbeofinteresttothejournal’sreaders.-3.DearDr.A:-Pleasefindenclosedforyourreviewanoriginalresearcharticle,“”bysb.Allauthorshavereadandapprovethisversionofthearticle,andduecarehasbeentakentoensuretheintegrityofthework.Nopartofthispaperhaspublishedorsubmittedelsewhere.Noconflictofinterestexitsinthesubmissionofthismanuscript,andwehaveattachedtothisletterthesignedlettergrantinguspermissiontouseFigure1fromanothersource.--Weappreciateyourconsiderationofourmanuscript,andwelookforwardtoreceivingcommentsfromthereviewers.-DearEditors,-Wedispatchedourmanuscripttoyourjournalon3August2006buthavenot,asyet,receiveacknowledgementoftheirsafearrival.Wefearthatmayhavebeenlostandshouldbegratefulifyouwouldletusknowwhetherornotyouhavereceivedthem.Ifnot,wewillsendourmanuscriptagain.Thankyouinadvanceforyourhelp.-二、詢問有無收到稿件DearEditors，-Itismorethan12weekssinceIsubmittedourmanuscript(No:)forpossiblepublicationinyourjournal.Ihavenotyetreceivedareplyandamwonderingwhetheryouhavereachedadecision.Ishouldappreciatedyourlettingmeknowwhatyouhavedecidedassoonaspossible.-三、詢問論文審查回音1.Thisisacarefullydonestudyandthefindingsareofconsiderableinterest.Afewminorrevisionarelistbelow.-3.Althoughtheseobservationareinteresting,theyareratherlimitedanddonotadvanceourknowledgeofthesubjectsufficientlytowarrantpublicationinPNAS.Wesuggestthattheauthorstrysubmittingtheirfindingstospecialistjournalsuchas–-2.Thisisawell-writtenpapercontaininginterestingresultswhichmeritpublication.Forthebenefitofthereader,however,anumberofpointsneedclarifyingandcertainstatementsrequirefurtherjustification.Therearegivenbelow.-四、關(guān)于論文的總體審查意見4.Althoughthispaperisgood,itwouldbeeverbetterifsomeextradatawereadded.-6.PleaseasksomeonefamiliarwithEnglishlanguagetohelpyourewritethispaper.Asyouwillsee,Ihavemadesomecorrectionatthebeginningofthepaperwheresomesyntaxisnotsatisfactory.-5.Thismanuscriptisnotsuitableforpublicationinthejournalof–becausethemainobservationitdescribewasreported3yearsagoinareputablejournalof-.-7.WefeelthatthispotentiallyinterestingstudyhasbeenmarredbyaninabilitytocommunicatethefindingcorrectlyinEnglishandshouldliketosuggestthattheauthorsseektheadviceofsomeonewithagoodknowledgeofEnglish,preferablenativespeaker.-8.Thewordingandstyleofsomesection,particularlythoseconcerningHPLC,needcarefulediting.AttentionshouldbepaidtothewordingofthosepartsoftheDiscussionofandSummarywhichhavebeenunderlined.-9.PreliminaryexperimentsonlyhavebeendoneandwithexceptionofthatsummarizedinTable2,nonehasbeenrepeated.Thisisclearlyunsatisfactory,particularlywhenthereissomuchvariationbetweenassays.-10.Theconditionofincubationarepoorlydefined.Whatisthetemperature?Wereantibodyused?

1.Inreplytothereferee’smaincriticismofpaper,itispossibletosaythat–-OneminorpointraisedbytherefereeconcernsoftheextracompositionofthereactionmixtureinFigure1.Thishasnowbeencorrected.Furtherminorchangeshadbeenmadeonpage3,paragraph1(line3-8)and2(line6-11).Thesedonotaffectourinterpretationoftheresult.-2.Ihavereadthereferee’scommentsverycarefullyandconcludethatthepaperhasbeenrejectedonthesolegroundsthatitlaketoxicitydata.IadmitthatIdidnotincludeatoxicitytableinmyarticlealthoughperhapsIshouldhavedone.Thiswasforthesakeofbrevityratherthananerrororomission.-五、給編輯的回信-3.Thankyouforyourletterof–andforthereferee’scommentsconcerningourmanuscriptentitled“”.Wehavestudiedtheircommentscarefu