2022年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)50

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

Despitetheweb,wewatchmoretelevisionthanever.

Inthechaosoftoday’smediaandtechnologybrawl-iPodvs.Zune,Googlevs.Yahoo,Windowsvs.Linux,Intelvs.AMD-wecandeclareoneunlikelywinner.Standingtallinafieldofnewtechwonders,it’sageezertechnologythatareinventedinthe1920sandcommercializedinthe1940s,andit’sstillmorepowerfulthananythingcreatedsince.

Asyoutrytofigureoutwhereconsumerinfo-techisgoing,andwhatitmeansforsociety,rememberthisbig,centralreality:Peoplejustwantmoretelevision.

Ifyoudoubtit,lookattoday’sbiggestnewsintech.Itcontinuallycentersonnewwaystobringconsumersthethingtheycraveaboveallelse.SonyfloodedtherecentConsumerElectronicsShowwithproductsthatputinternetvideoonyourTVset,asdidalmosteveryotherconsumerelectronicscompany.AtthesimultaneousMacworldExpo,ApplechiefSteveJobsintroducedAppleTV,whichdoesthesamething.VerizonsaiditwillsoonofferliveTVoncellphonescreens.Itwillalsosellfull-lengthprogramsforviewingwheneveryouwant.Putitalltogether,andwehaveachievedanirvanathatdidn’texistevenayearago:unlimitedtelevisionavailable24/7oneveryscreenyouown.

It’snosurprise,ofcourse.

Eversincethebasicfactsofsteadilymultiplyingprocessorpowerandbandwidthbecameapparent,seershaveconfidentlypredictedthisday.Theyjustasconfidentlypredictedwhatitwouldmean:traditionaltelevision’sdemise.OncetheWorldWideWebappearedinthemid-1990s,thefuturelookedveryclear.BoringoldTV,thescheduledprogramsthatcometoyouthroughacoaxialcableorsatellitedishorantenna,wouldfadeaway.

Whichisexactlytheoppositeofwhathashappened.DespitemanyNetAgealternatives,weAmericanstodaywatchmoreboringoldTVthanever,whichissayingsomething.Howcanthatbe?MytheoryistheTwo-LiterCokePrinciple.TheCoca-ColacompanydiscoveredlongagothatifitcouldgetpeopletobringhomebiggerbottlesofCoke,thosepeoplewoulddrinkmorethantheyusedto.JustgettingmoreCokeinfrontofthemincreasedtheirconsumption.ItseemstobethesamewithTV.Putmoreofitinfrontofpeople—over100channelsinmanyhomes—andpeoplewillwatchmore.

Seenfromthisperspective,thelatestannouncementsofnewTV-relatedtechnologylooksimplylikeadditionalwaystoputmoreTVinfrontofAmericanconsumer.ThesupposedthreatfromtheInternetwasthatwe’dcutbackonTVaswespentmoretimeonMySpaceorinSecondLife.WemaywellspendmoretimeonsuchnewNetattractions,butwe’reunlikelytotakethattimeawayfromvideoviewing.We’remorelikelytocutbackonthingsweconsiderlessimportant,likesleep.

NoonehasevaluatedTVbetterthanthegreatNewYorkeressayistE.BWhite,whoin1938wrote,“Weshallstandorfallbytelevision,ofthatIamsure.”Westilldon’tknowwhichitwillbe,buthisassessmentlookstruerthanever.

【答案】當(dāng)你試圖弄清楚消費(fèi)者信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向，以及它對(duì)社會(huì)的意義時(shí)，請(qǐng)記住一個(gè)重要的中心事實(shí):人們只是想看更多的電視節(jié)目。

索尼在最近的消費(fèi)電子展上推出了大量可以在電視機(jī)上播放互聯(lián)網(wǎng)視頻的產(chǎn)品，幾乎所有其他消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品公司都是如此。

自從處理器功率和帶寬穩(wěn)步增長的基本事實(shí)變得明顯以來，預(yù)言家們就自信地預(yù)測到了這一天。

而事實(shí)恰恰相反。盡管有許多網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代的替代品，但是我們美國人今天比以往任何時(shí)候都看更多無聊的老電視，這說明了一些問題。

沒有人比偉大的紐約客散文家E，B懷特更好地評(píng)估了電視，他在1938年寫到“我確信我們的成敗將系于電視”。

2.單選題

Unfortunately,hisdamagingattacksontheramificationsoftheeconomicpolicyhavebeen（

）byhiswholeheartedacceptanceofthatpolicy’sunderlyingassumptions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.supplemented

B.undermined

C.diverted

D.redeemed

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)的supplement“增補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)充”；B選項(xiàng)的undermine“漸漸破壞，授掘地基”；C選項(xiàng)的divert“使轉(zhuǎn)向，使繞道，轉(zhuǎn)移（某人）的注意力，使分心”；D選項(xiàng)的redeem“履行，補(bǔ)償，贖回”。根據(jù)句意‘不幸的是，他對(duì)這個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)政策后果的致命攻擊被破壞了，因?yàn)樗耆邮芰诉@個(gè)政策暗含的假設(shè)’確定B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Belyinghisearlierreputationfor（

）asanegotiator,Morganhadrecentlyassumedamore（

）stanceforwhichmanyofhiserstwhilecriticspraisedhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inflexibility...unreasonable

B.impropriety...oscillatory

C.intransigence...tolerant

D.success...authoritative

【答案】C

【解析】名詞和形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)inflexibility“僵化”；unreasonable“不合理的”；B選項(xiàng)impropriety“不適當(dāng)，不正確”;oscillatory“振蕩的”；C選項(xiàng)intransigence“頑固”；tolerant“寬容的”；D選項(xiàng)success“成功”；authoritative“權(quán)威”。根據(jù)句意‘因?yàn)榻诓扇〉母訉捜莸膽B(tài)度掩飾了他之前作為頑固的談判專家的名聲，使得之前批評(píng)的人轉(zhuǎn)而開始贊揚(yáng)他了?！疌選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Nonviolentdemonstrationsoftencreatesuchtensionsthatacommunitythathasconstantlyrefusedto（

）itsinjusticesisforcedtocorrectthem:theinjusticescannolongerbe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acknowledge...ignored

B.decrease...verified

C.tolerate...accepted

D.address...reassess

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)acknowledge“承認(rèn)，承認(rèn)…性，告知”；ignore“忽略，忽視”；B選項(xiàng)decrease“減少，減低”；verify“證明，證實(shí)，核實(shí)”；C選項(xiàng)tolerate“忍受，容忍，承認(rèn)，尊重”；accept“接受”；D選項(xiàng)address“對(duì)付，處理，解決”；eliminate“消除，排除”。句意‘非暴力游行示威常常會(huì)造成很大程度上的緊張狀態(tài)，以至于任何一個(gè)自始至終不愿承認(rèn)其不公平的社會(huì)的人就會(huì)被迫糾正它們，這些不公平己經(jīng)到了再也不容忽視的地步了。’A選項(xiàng)正確

5.單選題

Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents-thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree-lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitloreofthem.Thishascreated’’aparadox"inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas"continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose”achievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalScience.

Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.

Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegreeMostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswithatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.

Theirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact---wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.

Manyfirst-generationstudentsstruggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation,learnthe’rulesofthegame,'and"takeadvantageofcollegeresources,"theywrite.Andthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollegesdon’ttalkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudents.BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents’educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslackinsightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudentslikethemcanimprove.

1.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas（

）.

2.Theauthorofthepaperbelievesthatfirst-generationstudents

（

）.

3.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reducedtheirdropoutrates

B.narrowedtheachievementgap

C.misseditsoriginalpurpose

D.depressedcollegestudents

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgap

B.canhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherstudents

C.maylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojects

D.areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.universitiesoftenrejectthecultureofthemiddle-class

B.studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresources

C.socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiences

D.collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestion

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘招募更多第一代大學(xué)生己經(jīng)如何？’根據(jù)文章第一段“Thishascreated’’aparadox"inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas"continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose"achievementgapbasedonsocialclass...這就產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)“悖論”，即招收第一代學(xué)生，但卻眼睜睜地看著他們中的許多人失敗，這意味著高等教育“繼續(xù)繁衍和擴(kuò)大，而不是縮小”基于社會(huì)階層的成就差距，所以這是一種自相矛盾的事……”。確定C選項(xiàng)‘能達(dá)到其最初的目的’正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘本文作者認(rèn)為第一代學(xué)生如何？’根據(jù)第四段第一句“...first-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.第一代大學(xué)生缺少的不是潛力，而是在處理大多數(shù)大學(xué)生面對(duì)的問題時(shí)的實(shí)際的常識(shí)?！贝_定D選項(xiàng)“在大學(xué)里沒有處理問題的經(jīng)驗(yàn)”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘最后一段中可以推斷什么？’根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents’educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslackinsightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudentslikethemcanimprove.因?yàn)槊绹膶W(xué)院和大學(xué)很少承認(rèn)社會(huì)階層是如何影響學(xué)生的教育經(jīng)歷的，所以許多第一代學(xué)生缺乏對(duì)他們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)掙扎的洞察力，也不知道像他們這樣的學(xué)生如何才能進(jìn)步?！笨梢酝浦狣選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校應(yīng)該為目前的問題承擔(dān)部分責(zé)任”正確。

6.單選題

FoodanddrinkplayamajorroleinChristmascelebrationsinmostcountries,butinfewmoresothaninMexico.Manyfamiliesoverthefestiveseasonwilldolittlemorethancookandingestaseeminglyconstantcycleoftortillas,friedbeans,meatbothroastedandstewed,andstickydessertsfordaysonend.Thusdoestheextendedfamilykeeponextending—furtherandfurtherovertheircollectivewaistlines.

Luckythem,youmightthink.ExceptthatMexico’sbadeatinghabitsareleadingtoahealthcrisisthatmostMexicansseemblissfullyunawareof.Obesityanditsrelateddisorder,diabetes,arenowmajorhealthconcernsinacountrywherelargeruralregionsarestillconcernedmorewithunder-nourishmentthanwithover-nourishment.InitsperennialrivalrywiththeUnitedStates,Mexicohasatlastfoundanareainwhichitcanmatchitsnorthernneighbor—mouthfulformouthful.

Thestatisticsareimpressive,andalarming.AccordingtotheOECD,Mexicoisnowthesecondfattestnationinthatgroupof30countries.Ahealthpollin1999foundthat35%ofwomenwereoverweight,andanother24%technicallyobese,JuanRivera,anofficialattheNationalInstituteofPublicHealth,saysthatthecombinedfigureformenwouldbeabout55%,andthatasimilarpolltobecarriedoutnextyearwillshowthefatquotientrising.

OnlytheUnitedStates,withcombinedfiguresofover60%,isahead.

Thatsituationalsovariesgeographically.AlthoughMexicanspopulatethenorthoftheircountrymoresparelythanthesouth,theymakeupforitweight-wise.AStudypublishedbythePan-AmericanHealthOrganizationamonthagoshowedthatinthemostlyHispanicpopulationthatlivesoneithersideoftheAmerican-Mexicanborder,fully74%ofmenand70%ofwomenareeitheroverweightorobese.

Moreover,evenexpertshavebeensurprisedbyhowrapidlythenationhasswollen.Whereasthe1999pollshowed59%ofwomenoverweightorobese,only11yearspreviouslythatfigurewasjust33%.Nowhereisthetransformationmorenoticeablethanintheprevalenceofdiabetes,closelylinkedtoover-eatingandobesity.In1968,saysJoel,RodriguezoftheMexicanDiabetesFederation,thediseasewasin35thplaceasadirectcauseofmortalityinMexico,butnowitoccupiesfirstplace,abovebothcancerandheartdisease.Withabout6.5milliondiabeticsoutofapopulationof100million,Mexiconowhasahigherratethananyotherlargecountryintheworld.Notsurprisingly,Mr.RodriguezarguesthatMexicoisinthegripofan"epidemic".

NordoesittaxthebrainmuchtoworkoutthatthecausesoftheseexplosionsinobesityanddiabetesaretheMexicandietandalackofexercise.FormostMexicans,foodconsumption,notjustatChristmasbutallyearround,isanunvaryingcombinationofrefriedbeanstortillas,meatandrefrescos,orfizzydrinks;theyconsume101litersofcoladrinksperpersonperyear,justalittlelessthanAmericansandthreetimesasmuchasBrazilians.

Meanwhile,thelackofexercise,Mr.Riveraargues,isasymptomofrapidurbanizationoverthepast30years.Obesityanddiabetesratesremainslightlylowerinruralareas,indicatingthatmanuallaborenduresasaneffectivewaytostaveoffweightgain.InMexicoCity,though,pollutionandcrimehaveprogressivelydrivenpeopleoutoftheparksandthestreets,somostnowwalkaslittleaspossible—preferablynofortherthanfromthevalet-parkingservicetotherestaurant.Tocombatthefat,healthprofessionalssaythatthecountrymustfirstrealizethatitisindeedinthegripofanepidemic.Otherdiseases,suchasAIDsmidcancer,havecapturedmostofthepublicityinrecentyears;obesityanddiabeteshavebeencomparativelyneglected.

1.Thephrase"onend"inthefirstparagraphcanbereplacedby（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

3.Theword"perennial"inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans

（

）.

4.WhichisthemostsignificantcauseofmortalityinMexico?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.untilallbeenconsumed

B.continuously

C.upright

D.untilthelastday

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Mexicansareeatingalotbecauseofthecountry'saffluence

B.MexicanscanmatchAmericansinthenourishmentoftheirdiet

C.Mexicansonlyovereatduringfestiveseasons

D.Mexicoisnowthesecondfattestnationinthisworld

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.perpetual

B.transient

C.recurring

D.perilous

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Cancer

B.Diabetes

C.Heartdisease.

D.Obesity

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘第一段中“onend”一詞可替換為’。由第一段第二句“overthefestiveseason在節(jié)日期間”和“fordays數(shù)日”以及onend本身有“連續(xù)地；不斷地”的意思確定B選項(xiàng)“連續(xù)不斷地”可以替換嗎，正確。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘根據(jù)短文，下列哪個(gè)句子是正確的?’。由第二段第二句“Obesityanditsrelateddisorder,diabetes,arenowmajorhealthconcernsinacountrywherelargeruralregionsarestillconcernedmorewithunder-nourishmentthanwithover-nourishment.肥胖及其相關(guān)疾病---糖尿病---目前是該國的主要健康問題，而該國廣大農(nóng)村地區(qū)仍然更關(guān)注營養(yǎng)不良，而不是營養(yǎng)過剩?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“墨西哥人吃很多是因?yàn)樵搰母辉！迸c原文不符，排除；C選項(xiàng)“墨西哥人只是在節(jié)日期間吃得過多”在文中沒有提及，排除；第三段第二句“Mexicoisnowthesecondfattestnationinthatgroupof30countries.墨西哥現(xiàn)在是（OECD）30個(gè)國家中第二肥胖的國家”確定D項(xiàng)“墨西哥現(xiàn)在是世界上第二肥胖的國家”錯(cuò)誤，范圍錯(cuò)誤，排除；由第二段最后一句“InitsperennialrivalrywiththeUnitedStates,Mexicohasatlastfoundanareainwhichitcanmatchitsnorthernneighbor-mouthfulformouthful.在與美國的長期競爭中，墨西哥終于找到了一個(gè)可以與它的北方鄰國旗鼓相當(dāng)---大口大口的吃?！蓖茢嗄鞲绾兔绹娘嬍沉?xí)慣相似；而第三段講到墨西哥是OECD第二大肥胖的國家，美國位居第一；所以綜合考慮確定B選項(xiàng)“墨西哥人在飲食的營養(yǎng)供給上比得上美國人”符合文意，正確。

3.詞匯題。題干詢問‘第二段中“perennial”一詞可能是指…’。A選項(xiàng)perpetual“長期的；不斷的；無期限的”；B選項(xiàng)recurring“循環(huán)的；再發(fā)的”；C選項(xiàng)transient“短暫的；路過的”；D選項(xiàng)perilous“危險(xiǎn)的，冒險(xiǎn)的”。找到第二段中單詞所在的原句子“Mexicohasatlastfoundanareainwhichitcanmatchitsnorthernneighbor—mouthfulformouthful.在它與美國的perennial競爭中，墨西哥最后發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)它能與它北部的鄰居相比的領(lǐng)域，即食量?！备鶕?jù)句意和上一題可推斷perennial的意思為“長期的”，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘墨西哥最重要的死亡原因是什么?’。由第五段第三句“Nowhereisthetransformationmorenoticeablethanintheprevalenceofdiabetes,closelylinkedtoover-eatingandobesity.In1968,thediseasewasin35thplaceasadirectcauseofmortalityinMexico,butnowitoccupiesfirstplace,abovebothcancerandheartdisease.這種轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)谔悄虿〉牧餍猩献顬槊黠@，糖尿病與暴飲暴食和肥胖密切相關(guān)。1968年，這種疾病是墨西哥第35位的直接死亡原因，但現(xiàn)在它占據(jù)了首位，超過了癌癥和心臟病?！彼訠選項(xiàng)“糖尿病”正確。

7.單選題

Changesinresidenceandjobsplaceatremendous（1）ofstressandpressureonpeople

（2）

theytrytoadjustthemselvestonewpeopleandplaces.Yettransientrelationshipsarenot

（3）

onlytopeopleandplaces.Objectsmoveinandoutofourlivesatanastonishingrate.America,the“consumersociety”,hasalso

（4）

thename‘thethrowawaysociety”.Everyyearwethrowaway

（5）

quantitiesofbottles,cans,paper,andonandon.Buildingsaretom

（6）

aroundus,andnewonestaketheirplace,fortheyare

（7）

toreplacethantorepair.

（8）everymajorchange,ourplacesfeel

（9）

familiar.Ourlivesbecomefilledwithasenseofimpermanenceanduncertainty.

Therateatwhichnewandsometimescontradictoryinformationcomesatus

（10）

contributestoourfeelingsofinstabilityandtransience.It’sestimatedthat90percentofallscientistswhoeverlivedare

（11）

today.Newscientificdiscoveriesarebeingmadeeverydayoftheweek,（12）

unlikeinotherages,newideasarequicklyinpracticalways.The（13）

ofnewtechnologyonourlivesisfeltalmostimmediately.

Aswelook

（14）

onhistory,wethinkintermsoflargeperiodsoftime,fromthetenthousandyearsoftheagriculturalrevolutiontothethreehundredyearsoftheindustrial

（15）

.Todaytime

（16）

likeit'saccelerating.Wenolonger

（17）

tothinkofchangeintermsofcenturies

（18）

intermsof

（19）

:the1960s,1970sand1980s.Thedaymaycomewhenwethinkofgreat

（20）

ofhistoricalchangeintermsofyears,evenmonths.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.number

B.amount

C.sum

D.series

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.until

B.since

C.as

D.sothat

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.adapted

B.referred

C.applied

D.limited

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.earned

B.taken

C.given

D.called

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.credible

B.incredible

C.credulous

D.incredulous

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.away

B.up

C.off

D.down

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.faster

B.lighter

C.cheaper

D.better

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.In

B.By

C.With

D.Through

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.less

B.more

C.quite

D.too

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.even

B.ever

C.farther

D.further

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.alive

B.dead

C.long-lived

D.short-lived

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.so

B.but

C.for

D.or

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.result

B.force

C.influence

D.impression

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.down

B.round

C.out

D.back

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.date

B.age

C.time

D.day

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.feels

B.looks

C.should

D.would

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.manage

B.incline

C.tend

D.intend

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.butrather

B.orrather

C.wouldrather

D.ratherthan

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.pentathlons

B.decathlons

C.pentads

D.decades

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.deals

B.periods

C.times

D.portions

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:B

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:A

第19題:D

第20題:D

【解析】（1）量詞用法辨析。A選項(xiàng)anumberof意為“大量的”，后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式；B選項(xiàng)aamountof意為“大量的”，后面可以跟不可數(shù)名詞；C選項(xiàng)asumof意為“總計(jì)，合計(jì)”；D選項(xiàng)aseriesof意為“一系列的”?？蘸蟮膕tressandpressure為不可數(shù)名詞所以B選項(xiàng)正確，atremendousamountof...數(shù)目非常巨大的。

（2）連詞用法辨析。A選項(xiàng)until表示“直到…”；B選項(xiàng)since通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中；C選項(xiàng)as一般引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，表示原因或者表示“正如，好像”；D選項(xiàng)sothat通常引導(dǎo)結(jié)果或目的狀語從句。本句句意為“居住地和工作地的改變給人們帶來了巨大的壓力因?yàn)樗麄円ψ屪约哼m應(yīng)新的人和新的環(huán)境。”根據(jù)句意確定是因果關(guān)系，C選項(xiàng)正確。

（3）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)adapt“適應(yīng)于”；B選項(xiàng)refer“參考，查閱”；C選項(xiàng)apply“應(yīng)用于”；D選項(xiàng)limit“限制，局限”。根據(jù)本句開頭的yet可知句意轉(zhuǎn)折，因此句意為“然而這種短暫的關(guān)系不僅僅對(duì)人和地方有限制”。D選項(xiàng)正確。

（4）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)earn“賺錢，掙得，獲得”；B選項(xiàng)take“攜帶”；C選項(xiàng)give“給予”；D選項(xiàng)call“呼叫”。本句句意為“美國，又稱‘消費(fèi)合作社’，也獲得一個(gè)名字叫做‘東西用過就扔的社會(huì)’。”A選項(xiàng)正確。

（5）形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)credible“可靠的，可信的”；B選項(xiàng)incredible“不可靠的，不可信的”；C選項(xiàng)credulous“輕信的”;D選項(xiàng)incredulous“懷疑的，不輕信的”。句意為“每年我們都扔掉難以置信的數(shù)量的瓶子、罐子、紙等等”。根據(jù)句意可知這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是數(shù)量大得驚人，讓人難以置信，B選項(xiàng)正確。

（6）固定動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。torn是tear的過去分詞，A選項(xiàng)tearaway“疾馳”；B選項(xiàng)tearup“撕毀，撕碎”；C選項(xiàng)tearoff“撕下，撕掉”；D選項(xiàng)teardown“拆卸，撕毀”。本句是指很多建筑物被拆掉然后新的又重新建起，強(qiáng)調(diào)拆建筑物，D選項(xiàng)正確。

（7）形容詞比較級(jí)辨析。A選項(xiàng)faster“更快”；B選項(xiàng)lighter“更輕”；C選項(xiàng)cheaper“更便宜，更廉價(jià)”；D選項(xiàng)better“更好”。句意“我們周圍的建筑物被拆掉，然后新的建筑物又在原地重建，因?yàn)樗鼈儽绕鹬匦?，重建更好些?！盌選項(xiàng)正確。

（8）介詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)in“在……里面”；B選項(xiàng)by“通過，被……”；C選項(xiàng)with“伴隨，有…”；D選項(xiàng)through“通過”。句意為“隨著每一個(gè)主要的變化，我們的地方變得不再熟悉了?！盋項(xiàng)選表示伴隨正確。

（9）副詞比較級(jí)辨析。A選項(xiàng)less“更少”;B選項(xiàng)more“更多”;C選項(xiàng)quite“相當(dāng)，很”；D選項(xiàng)too“也”。句意為“隨著每一個(gè)主要的變化，我們的地方變得不再熟悉了?！币簿褪钦f，隨著周圍的不斷變化，熟悉感就會(huì)越來越少，A選項(xiàng)less表示更少正確。

（10）副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)even“甚至”；B選項(xiàng)ever“曾經(jīng)”，多用于完成時(shí)態(tài)；C選項(xiàng)farther“更遠(yuǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)further“更深一層”。本句句意為“新的有時(shí)候也充滿矛盾的信息不斷涌向我們的頻率更加深了我們的不穩(wěn)定感和無常感。”此處強(qiáng)調(diào)程度深，D選項(xiàng)正確。

（11）形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)alive“活著的，活潑的，有生氣的”；B選項(xiàng)dead“無生命的，呆板的”；C選項(xiàng)long-lived“長命的，歷時(shí)長久的”;D選項(xiàng)short-lived“短命的”。句意為“據(jù)報(bào)道所有的科學(xué)家中有90%壽命很短?！盌選項(xiàng)正確。

（12）連詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)so表示因果關(guān)系；B選項(xiàng)but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；C選項(xiàng)for表示因果關(guān)系；D選項(xiàng)or表示選擇關(guān)系以及“否則”的意思。本句句意為“新的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)每周每天都在創(chuàng)造，但是不像在其他時(shí)代一樣，新的想法很快就付諸實(shí)踐了。”前后句意轉(zhuǎn)折，B選項(xiàng)正確。

（13）名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)result“結(jié)果”；B選項(xiàng)force“力量”；C選項(xiàng)influence“影響”；D選項(xiàng)impression“效果，印象，印記，感想”。句意為“我們生活中的新科技的影響幾乎立刻就能感知到?！盋選項(xiàng)正確。

（14）固定動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)與look搭配意為：A選項(xiàng)lookdown“輕視”；B選項(xiàng)lookround“環(huán)顧四周”；C選項(xiàng)lookout“小心，向外看”;D選項(xiàng)lookbackon“回顧，回憶”。句意“隨著我們回顧歷史……”，D選項(xiàng)正確。

（15）名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)date“日期”；age“年代，年齡”；C選項(xiàng)time“時(shí)間，時(shí)代”；D選項(xiàng)day“天，每天”。此處與空前的theagriculturalrevolution“農(nóng)業(yè)改革”相對(duì)應(yīng)的應(yīng)該是“工業(yè)時(shí)代”，“theindustrialage”，B選項(xiàng)正確。

（16）動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)feels“感覺”；B選項(xiàng)looks“看”，與like搭配意為“看起來像”；C選項(xiàng)should“應(yīng)該”;D選項(xiàng)would“想要”。句意為“當(dāng)今時(shí)代看起來好像是加速的”。B選項(xiàng)正確。

（17）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)manage“管理，控制”；B選項(xiàng)incline“使傾斜，傾斜于”；C選項(xiàng)tend“傾向”；D選項(xiàng)intend“打算，有打算”。本句句意為“我們不再傾向于從世紀(jì)的角度思考改變了而是從比如20世紀(jì)60年代，20世紀(jì)70年代以及20世紀(jì)80年代這樣的年代的角度。”tendtodosth.意為“傾向于做某事”，C選項(xiàng)正確。

（18）固定搭配辨析。A選項(xiàng)butrather“而是，而寧可說是"；B選項(xiàng)orrather“更精確地說，不如說”；C選項(xiàng)wouldrather“寧愿”；D選項(xiàng)ratherthan“而不是”。句意“…而是從比如20世紀(jì)60年代，20世紀(jì)70年代以及20世紀(jì)80年代這樣的年代的角度?！笨芍狝選項(xiàng)正確。

（19）名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)pentathlon“五項(xiàng)全能運(yùn)動(dòng)”；decathlons“十項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)”;C選項(xiàng)pentad“五個(gè)一組”；D選項(xiàng)decades“十年”。根據(jù)句意“我們不再傾向于從世紀(jì)的角度思考改變了而是從比如20世紀(jì)60年代，20世紀(jì)70年代以及20世紀(jì)80年代這樣的年代的角度。”以及空后的the1960s，1970s以及1980s的舉例可知這里是和年代有關(guān)的，D選項(xiàng)正確。

（20）名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)deals“交易，協(xié)議”；B選項(xiàng)periods“時(shí)期”；C選項(xiàng)times“時(shí)代”;D選項(xiàng)portions“部分”。句意為“以后的日子里我們可能需要根據(jù)幾年甚至幾個(gè)月來考慮歷史的變化的問題?！备鶕?jù)句意確定D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Somepeopleviewlifeasa(n)（

）conflictbetweentheframesofgoodandevil.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.external

B.eternal

C.central

D.internal

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“外部的；表面上的；（藥物）外用的”；B選項(xiàng)“不朽的，永恒的，無休止的”；C選項(xiàng)“中心的；主要的；中樞的”；D選項(xiàng)“內(nèi)部的，內(nèi)在的”；根據(jù)句意‘一些人將生活看作善惡勢(shì)力之間永恒的沖突’確定B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Hadtheexplosionbrokenout,allthepassengersintheplaneshouldhavebeenkilled,foritwas（

）timedwiththeplane'stake-off.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.simultaneously

B.conscientiously

C.spontaneously

D.instantaneously

【答案】A

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。句意‘如果發(fā)生爆炸，飛機(jī)上所有的乘客都會(huì)喪命，因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)隨著飛機(jī)起飛會(huì)爆炸的定時(shí)炸彈?！疊選項(xiàng)conscientiously意為“良心上”；C選項(xiàng)spontaneously意為“不由自主地”；D選項(xiàng)instantaneously意為“即刻，馬上”，均與句意不符。根據(jù)本題的關(guān)鍵詞timed可知是與時(shí)間有關(guān)，A項(xiàng)simultaneously意為“同時(shí)地”，符合語境，正確。

10.單選題

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman,Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush'spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChretienandKoizumi).Theworld'sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld'sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht).

Canthismerelybecoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

1.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

2.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

3.The4thparagraphsuggeststhat（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby’’mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(Lines2-3,Paragraph5)?

5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Akindofoverlookedinequality

B.Atypeofconspicuousbias

C.Atypeofpersonalprejudice

D.Akindofbranddiscrimination

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess

B.ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman

C.Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names

D.Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents

B.alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass

C.teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents

D.studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyaregettingimpatient

B.Theyarenoisilydozingoff

C.Theyarefeelinghumiliated

D.Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated

B.VIPsintheWesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism

C.Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabetismstillhasalongwaytogo

D.Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問“作者提及AAAA汽車與Zodiac汽車的是什么？”。由

第二段第一句“IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.眾所周知，在顧客瀏覽他們的電話薄時(shí)，被稱為AAAA汽車的出租車公司比被稱為Zodiac汽車的出租車公司有大的優(yōu)勢(shì)”與第一段第二句“Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.但是，一個(gè)潛伏的形式（即字母順序主義）繼續(xù)繁榮”確定A選項(xiàng)“一種被忽視的不平等”正確；

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘從前三段我們可以推斷出什么?’。由第一段中“Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.但是，一個(gè)潛伏的形式（即字母順序主義）繼續(xù)在繁榮”及第二段中“LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman不太為人所知的是AdamAbbott（即姓名以字母A開始的人）在生活中相比ZoeZysman（即姓名以字母Z開始的人）具有的優(yōu)勢(shì)”可知生活中的這種現(xiàn)象常被人忽視，所以D選項(xiàng)“一些形式的歧視太隱約而不易引人注意”正確。A選項(xiàng)“無論在東方還是西方，名字對(duì)于成功都是必要的”、B選項(xiàng)“字母表對(duì)ZoeZysman（即姓名以字母Z開始的人）的失敗應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任”和C項(xiàng)“消費(fèi)者經(jīng)常很關(guān)注公司的名字”均不符合文意，排除。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘第四段指出…’。由第四段第四句“Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.因此，近視的Zysman（即姓名以字母Z開始的人）小學(xué)生被困在后排，且很少被問到由那些麻木不仁的老師提出有啟發(fā)性的問題”確定C選項(xiàng)“教師應(yīng)該關(guān)注自己所有的學(xué)生”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘作者所說的“大多數(shù)人都在打盹”是什么意思(第5段第2-3行)?’。由第五段中第三句“Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.求職面試名單、選票、會(huì)議發(fā)言者和參加人名單都傾向于按字母順序地被擬定，而它們的接受者卻在費(fèi)力地閱讀它們時(shí)失去了興趣?！迸c第二句“Atuniversitygraduationceremonies在大學(xué)畢業(yè)的典禮”這個(gè)場景的對(duì)應(yīng)確定B選項(xiàng)“他們