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垃圾詞匯1:help

典型例句:I"llhelpyou.

替代語accomodateE.g:I"llendeavourtoaccomodateyou.

垃圾詞匯2:helpful

典型例句:Sthishelpful(tosb)

替代語conduciveE.gSthisconducivetosb

鑒于考研作文多關(guān)于道德和品格塑造,再給出兩個(gè)有用的短語:

time-honored時(shí)代賦予的

docredittoourforbears繼承先輩的優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)

垃圾詞匯3:show

典型例句:asitshowsinthepicture

替代語betray

垃圾詞匯4:think

典型例句:ithink--------

替代語deem

垃圾詞匯5:ugly

典型例句:xxxisugly

替代語hideous

垃圾詞匯6:bytheway

典型例句:bytheway,....

替代語incidentally,....

垃圾詞匯7:because

典型例句:xxxbecausexxx

替代語inthat/inasmuchasE.g:xxxbecausexxx

垃圾詞匯8:consider

典型例句:Wemustconsiderxxx

替代語:allowforE.g:Wemustallowforxxx

垃圾詞匯9:much

典型例句:therehasbeenamuchincreaseintheworldpopulation

替代語:therehasbeenadrasticincreaseinthe-----

垃圾詞匯10:about

典型例句:itisabout250timesofthat

替代語itisapproximately---

垃圾詞匯11:buy

替代語purchase

只要我們每天積累1-2個(gè)短語,1-2個(gè)月后,我們的作文水平一定會(huì)有質(zhì)的飛躍.歡迎大家給出更好的替代語和更多的垃圾詞匯.讓我們共同進(jìn)步!日常用語類lover情人(不是“愛人”)

busboy餐館勤雜工(不是“公汽售票員”)

busybody愛管閑事的人(不是“大忙人”)

drygoods(美)紡織品;(英)谷物(不是“干貨”)

heartman做心臟移植手術(shù)的人(不是“有心人”)

maddoctor精神病科醫(yī)生(不是“發(fā)瘋的醫(yī)生”)

eleventhhour最后時(shí)刻(不是“十一點(diǎn)”)

blinddate(由第三者安排的)男女初次會(huì)面(并非“盲目約會(huì)”或“瞎約會(huì)”)

deadpresident美鈔(上印有總統(tǒng)頭像)(并非“死了的總統(tǒng)”)

personalremark人身攻擊(不是“個(gè)人評(píng)論”)

sweetwater淡水(不是“糖水”)

confidenceman騙子(不是“信得過的人”)

criminallawyer刑事律師(不是“犯罪的律師”)

servicestation加油站

restroom廁所(不是“休息室”)

dressingroom化妝室(不是“試衣室”或“更衣室”)

sportinghouse妓院(不是“體育室”)

horsesense常識(shí)(不是“馬的感覺”)

capitalidea好主意(不是“資本主義思想”)

familiartalk庸俗的交談(不是“熟悉的談話”)

blacktea紅茶(不是“黑茶”)

blackart妖術(shù)(不是“黑色藝術(shù)”)

blackstranger完全陌生的人(不是“陌生的黑人”)

whitecoal(作動(dòng)力來源用的)水

whiteman忠實(shí)可靠的人(不是“皮膚白的人”)

yellowbook黃皮書(法國政府報(bào)告書,以黃紙為封)(不是“黃色書籍”)

redtape官僚習(xí)氣(不是“紅色帶子”)

greenhand新手(不是“綠手”)

bluestocking女學(xué)者、女才子(不是“藍(lán)色長統(tǒng)襪”)

Chinapolicy對華政策(不是“中國政策”)

Chinesedragon麒麟(不是“中國龍”)

Americanbeauty紅薔薇(不是“美國美女”)

Englishdisease氣管炎(不是“英國病”)

Indiansummer愉快寧靜的晚年(不是“印度的夏日”)

Greekgift害人的禮品(不是“希臘禮物”)

Spanishathlete吹牛的人(不是“西班牙運(yùn)動(dòng)員”)

Frenchchalk滑石粉(不是“法國粉筆”)

2.成語類

pullone'sleg開玩笑(不是“拉后腿”)

inone'sbirthdaysuit赤身裸體(不是“穿著生日禮服”)

eatone'swords收回前言(不是“吃話”)

anappleoflove西紅柿(不是“愛情之果”)

handwritingonthewall不祥之兆(不是“大字報(bào)”)

bringdownthehouse博得全場喝彩(不是“推倒房子”)

haveafit勃然大怒(不是“試穿”)

makeone'shairstandonend令人毛骨悚然—恐懼(不是“令人發(fā)指——?dú)鈶崱保?/p>

betakenin受騙,上當(dāng)(不是“被接納”)

thinkagreatdealofoneself高看或看重自己(不是“為自己想得很多”)

pullupone'ssocks鼓起勇氣(不是“提上襪子”)

havethehearttodo(用于否定句)忍心做……不是“有心做”或“有意做”)

3.表達(dá)方式類

Youknowwhat?你知道嗎?(不是你知道什么?)Contributedby"月"

Lookout!當(dāng)心!(不是“向外看”)

Whatashame!多可惜!真遺憾?。ú皇恰岸嗫蓯u”)

Youdon'tsay!是嗎?。ú皇恰澳銊e說”)

Youcansaythatagain!說得好!(不是“你可以再說一遍”)

Ihaven'tsleptbetter.我睡得好極了。(不是“我從未睡過好覺”)

Youcan'tbetoocarefulinyourwork.你工作越仔細(xì)越好。(不是“你工作不能太仔細(xì)”)

Ithasbeen4yearssinceIsmoked.我戒煙4年了。(不是“我抽煙4年了”)

Allhisfriendsdidnotturnup.他的朋友沒全到。(不是“他的朋友全沒到”)

Peoplewillbelongforgettingher.人們在很長時(shí)間內(nèi)會(huì)記住她的。(不是“人們會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)忘記她”)

Hewasonlytoopleasedtoletthemgo.他很樂意讓他們走。(不是“他太高興了,不愿讓他們走”)

Itcan'tbelessinteresting.它無聊極了。(不是“它不可能沒有趣”)以下是短文寫作中使用率最高、覆蓋面最廣的基本句式,每組句式的功能相同或相似,考生可根據(jù)自己的情況選擇其中的1-2個(gè),做到能夠熟練正確地仿寫或套用。1.表示原因

1)Therearethreereasonsforthis.

2)Thereasonsforthisareasfollows.

3)Thereasonforthisisobvious.

4)Thereasonforthisisnotfartoseek.

5)Thereasonforthisisthat...

6)Wehavegoodreasontobelievethat...

例如:

Therearethreereasonsforthechangesthathavetakenplaceinourlife.Firstly,people’slivingstandardhasbeengreatlyimproved.Secondly,mostpeoplearewellpaid,andtheycanaffordwhattheyneedorlike.Lastbutnotleast,moreandmorepeopleprefertoenjoymodernlife.

注:如考生寫第一個(gè)句子沒有把握,可將其改寫成兩個(gè)句子。如:Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourlife.Therearethreereasonsforthis.這樣寫可以避免套用中的表達(dá)失誤。

2.表示好處

1)Ithasthefollowingadvantages.

2)Itdoesusalotofgood.

3)Itbenefitsusquitealot.

4)Itisbeneficialtous.

5)Itisofgreatbenefittous.

例如:

Booksarelikefriends.Theycanhelpusknowtheworldbetter,andtheycanopenourmindsandwidenourhorizons.Therefore,readingextensivelyisofgreatbenefittous.

3.表示壞處

1)Ithasmoredisadvantagesthanadvantages.

2)Itdoesusmuchharm.

3)Itisharmfultous.

例如:

However,everythingdividesintotwo.Televisioncanalsobeharmfultous.Itcandoharmtoourhealthandmakeuslazyifwespendtoomuchtimewatchingtelevision.

4.表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能

1)Itisimportant(necessary,difficult,convenient,possible)forsb.todosth.

2)Wethinkitnecessarytodosth.

3)Itplaysanimportantroleinourlife.

例如:

Computersarenowbeingusedeverywhere,whetherinthegovernment,inschoolsorinbusiness.Soon,computerswillbefoundineveryhome,too.WehavegoodreasontosaythatcomputersareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourlifeandwehavesteppedintotheComputerAge.

5.表示措施

1)Weshouldtakesomeeffectivemeasures.

2)Weshouldtryourbesttoovercome(conquer)thedifficulties.

3)Weshoulddoourutmostindoingsth.

4)Weshouldsolvetheproblemsthatweareconfronted(faced)with.

例如:

Thehousingproblemthatweareconfrontedwithisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.Therefore,wemusttakesomeeffectivemeasurestosolveit.

6.表示變化

1)Somechangeshavetakenplaceinthepastfiveyears.

2)Agreatchangewillcertainlybeproducedintheworld’scommunications.

3)Thecomputerhasbroughtaboutmanychangesineducation.

例如:

Somechangeshavetakenplaceinpeople’sdietinthepastfiveyears.Themajorreasonsforthesechangesarenotfartoseek.Nowadays,moreandmorepeopleareswitchingfromgraintomeatforprotein,andfromfruitandvegetabletomilkforvitamins.

7.表示事實(shí)、現(xiàn)狀

1)Wecannotignorethefactthat...

2)Noonecandenythefactthat...

3)Thereisnodenyingthefactthat...

4)Thisisaphenomenonthatmanypeopleareinterestedin.

5)However,that’snotthecase.

例如:

Wecannotignorethefactthatindustrializationbringswithittheproblemsofpollution.Tosolvetheseproblems,wecanstartbyeducatingthepublicaboutthehazardsofpollution.Thegovernmentonitspartshouldalsodesignstricterlawstopromoteacleanerenvironment.

8.表示比較

1)ComparedwithA,B...

2)IprefertoreadratherthanwatchTV.

3)Thereisastrikingcontrastbetweenthem.

例如:

Comparedwithcars,bicycleshaveseveraladvantagesbesidesbeingaffordable.Firstly,theydonotconsumenaturalresourcesofpetroleum.Secondly,theydonotcausethepollutionproblem.Lastbutnotleast,theycontributetopeople’shealthbygivingthemduephysicalexercise.

9.表示數(shù)量

1)Ithasincreased(decreased)from...to...

2)Thepopulationinthiscityhasnowincreased(decreased)to800,000.

3)TheoutputofJulyinthisfactoryincreasedby15%comparedwiththatofJanuary.

例如:

Withtheimprovementofthelivingstandard,theproportionofpeople’sincomespentonfoodhasdecreasedwhilethatspentoneducationhasincreased.

再如:

Fromthegraphlistedabove,itcanbeseenthatstudentuseofcomputershasincreasedfromanaverageoflessthantwohoursperweekin1990to20hoursin2000.

10.表示看法

1)Peoplehave(take,adopt,assume)differentattitudestowardssth.

2)Peoplehavedifferentopinionsonthisproblem.

3)Peopletakedifferentviewsof(on)thequestion.

4)Somepeoplebelievethat...Othersarguethat...

例如:

Peoplehavedifferentattitudestowardsfailure.Somebelievethatfailureleadstosuccess.

Everyfailuretheyexperiencetranslatesintoagreaterchanceofsuccessattheirrenewedendeavor.However,othersareeasilydiscouragedbyfailuresandputthemselvesintothecategoryoflosers.

再如:

Do“l(fā)uckynumbersreallybringgoodluck?Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonit.

注:一個(gè)段落有時(shí)很適宜以問句開始,考生應(yīng)掌握這一寫作方法。

11.表示結(jié)論

1)Inshort,itcanbesaidthat...

2)Itmaybebrieflysummedupasfollows.

3)Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,wecancometotheconclusionthat...

例如:

Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,wecancometotheconclusionthatexaminationisnecessary,however,itsmethodshouldbeimproved.

注:例句1可用于任何一個(gè)段落的結(jié)論句;例句3則多用文章結(jié)論段的第一句。

12.套語

1)It’swellknowntousthat...

2)Asisknowntous,...

3)Thisisatopicthatisbeingwidelytalkedabout.

4)Fromthegraph(table,chart)listedabove,itcanbeseenthat...

5)Asaproverbsays,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

例如:

Asiswellknowntous,itisimportantforthestudentstoknowtheworldoutsidecampus.

Thereasonforthisisobvious.Nowadays,thesocietyischanginganddevelopingrapidly,andthecampusisnolongeran“ivorytower.Ascollegestudents,wemustgetintouchwiththeworldoutsidethecampus.Onlyinthiswaycanweadaptourselvestothesocietyquicklyafterwegraduate.

再如:

Doesitpaytobehonest?Thisisatopicthatisbeingwidelytalkedaboutanddifferentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsonit.(一)掌握技巧:(1)注意篇章結(jié)構(gòu),合理布局開始部分(openingparagraph)——說出文中的要點(diǎn)、核心問題。

正文部分(Bodyparagraphs)——圍繞主題開展敘述、討論。

結(jié)尾部分(concludingparagraphs)——對全文的總結(jié)和概括。

要做到全文中心突出、段落之間必須是有機(jī)地聯(lián)系,內(nèi)容完整、連貫。前后呼應(yīng),祛除與主題無關(guān)的內(nèi)容.

(2)確定主題句主題句是對全文的概括,是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“畫龍點(diǎn)睛”的作用。通常主題句出現(xiàn)在一篇文章的開頭,而后,全文對主題句所提出的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋,擴(kuò)展。

寫主題句應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):

①歸納出你要寫的文章的幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)②提煉出一句具有概括性的話③主題句應(yīng)具有可讀性,抓住、吸引讀者。

(二)巧用連接詞要想使文章有整體性、連貫性,就要學(xué)會(huì)正確使用連接詞表示羅列增加

First,second,third,First,then/next,afterthat/next,finallyForonething…foranother…,On(the)onehand…ontheotherhand,Besides/what'smore/inaddition/furthermore/moreover/another/also,Especially/Inparticular,表示時(shí)間順序now,atpresent,recently,after,afterwards,afterthat,afterawhile,inafewdays,atfirst,inthebeginning,tobeginwith,later,next,finally,immediately,soon,suddenly,allofasudden,atthatmoment,assoonas,themomentformnowon,fromthenon,atthesametime,meanwhile,till,not…until,before,after,when,while,asduring,表示解釋說明now,inaddition,forexample,forinstance,inthiscase,moreoverfurthermore,infact,actually表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but,however,while,though,or,otherwise,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,incontrast,despite,inspiteof,eventhough,except(for),instead,ofcourse,afterall,表示并列關(guān)系or,and,also,too,notonly…butalso,aswellas,both…and,either…or,neither…nor表示因果關(guān)系because,becauseof,since,nowthat,as,thanksto…,dueto…,therefore,asaresult(of),otherwise,so…that,such…that表示條件關(guān)系as(so)longas,onconditionthat,if,unless表示讓步關(guān)系though,although,as,evenif,eventhough,whether…or…,however,whoever,whatever,whichever,wherever,whenever,nomatterhow(who,what,which,where,when,whom)表示舉例forexample,forinstance,suchas…,take…forexample表示比較besimilarto,similarly,thesameas,incontrast,comparedwith(to)…justlike,justas,表示目的forthisreason,,forthispurpose,sothat,inorderto,soasto,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)indeed,infact,surely,certainly,nodoubt,withoutanydoubt,truly,obviously,aboveall,表示概括歸納inaword,inshort,inbrief,onthewhole,generallyspeaking,inmyopinion,asfarasIknow,Asweallknow,ashasbeenstated,asIhaveshown,finally,atlast,insummary,inconclusion。

(三)掌握常用句型:

1.inorderto

Heworkedveryhardinordertorealizehisdream.為了實(shí)現(xiàn)他的夢想,他學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。

2.inorderthat

Sheworkedhardinorderthateverythingwouldbereadyby6o'clock……她拼命干活以便到六點(diǎn)時(shí)把一切都準(zhǔn)備就緒。

3.so…that

Theywereallsotiredthattheycoulddonothingbutyawn.他們太累了,除了伸懶腰什么都做不了了。

4.such…that

Itwassuchacolddaythattherewasnobodyonthestreet.天氣非常冷,以致于街上一個(gè)人都沒有。

5.wouldratherdo…thando

Hewouldratherlistentoothersthantalkhimself.他寧愿聽他人講而不愿自己說。

6.preferdoingtodoing

Heprefersmakingspeechesaftercarefulpreparation.他寧愿在精心準(zhǔn)備后去做報(bào)告。

7.prefertodo…ratherthando

Comparedwithwomen,menalwaysprefertosleepathomeratherthanspendsomuchtimeshopping.比起女人,男人總是寧可在家睡覺也不愿花那么多時(shí)間來購物。

8.notonly…butalso

Injustthreeyears,shehadnotonlyfinishedallthelessons,butalsoreceivedherdoctor'sdegree.在短短的三年的時(shí)間里她不但完成了所有課程,而且還獲得了博士學(xué)位。

9.either…or

YoucouldeitherbuyanMP3

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