參考說明教案the

TheVeins靜脈GeneralfeatureThinwalls,largerlumens,venousvalves,venousplexus,venousreteTwosetsSuperficialveinsDeepveinsSpecialstructures:Sinusesofduramater

硬腦膜竇Diploicveins

板障靜脈CompositionThepulmonaryveins

肺靜脈R.&L.superior&inferiorpulmonaryveins→leftatriumThesystemicveinsSuperiorvenacavasystem

上腔靜脈系Inferiorvenacavasystem

下腔靜脈系(hepaticportalsystem

肝門靜脈系)Cardiacveinsystem

心靜脈系Superiorvenacavasystem上腔靜脈系CompositionSuperiorvenacavaanditstributariesDrainsthebloodfromthehead,neck,upperlimb,andthoraxintotherightatriumSuperiorvenacava

上腔靜脈Formedbyunionofrightandleftbrachiocephalicveins

頭臂靜脈behindtherightsternocostalsynchorndrosisoffirstribRunsverticallydownonrightofascendingaortaJoinedbyazygosvein

奇靜脈atlevelofsternalangleEntersrightatriumatleveroflowerborderofthirdrightsternocostaljointCollectsbloodfromveinsofupperhalfofbodyBrachiocephalicveins

頭臂靜脈Formedbyunionofinternaljugularveins

頸內(nèi)靜脈andsubclavianveins

鎖骨下靜脈posteriortothesternoclavicularjointInternaljugularvein

頸內(nèi)靜脈Beginatjugularforamen,descendingtojointhesubclavianveintoformbrachiocephalicveinLieslateralfirsttointernalandthentocommoncarotida.withincarotidsheathChiefextracranialtributariesFacialv.

面靜脈Retromandibularv.

下頜后靜脈Lingualv.

舌靜脈Pharyngealv.

咽靜脈Superiorthyroidv.

甲狀腺上靜脈Middlethyroidv.

甲狀腺中靜脈Facialvein

面靜脈Beginsatmedialangleofeye(angularvein

內(nèi)眥靜脈)Runsdownwardandbackwardthroughtheface,posteriortothefacialarterydrainsintointernaljugularveinConnectionswithcavernoussinus

海綿竇

throughtheophthalmicvein

眼靜脈,andalsothroughpteygoidvenousplexus

翼靜脈叢

viathedeepfacialvein

面深靜脈“Dangertriangleoftheface”面部危險(xiǎn)三角liesbetweenrootofnoseandtwoanglesofmouthInthisareathefacialveinhasnovalvesRetromandibularvein下頜后靜脈Formedbyunionofsuperficialtemporalveins顳淺靜脈andmaxillaryveins上頜靜脈Dividesintoananteriorbranchthatuniteswithfacialveinandaposteriorbranchthatjoinsposteriorauricularvein耳后靜脈andoccipitalvein枕靜脈toeexternaljugularvein頸外靜脈Subclavianvein

鎖骨下靜脈

ContinuationofaxillaryveinatthelateralborderoffirstribJoinsinternaljugularveintoformthebrachiocephalicvein.Venousangle

靜脈角

thejunctionofthesubclavianveinandinternaljugularveinExternaljugularvein

頸外靜脈Formedbehindangleofmandiblebyunionofposteriorauricular,posteriorbranchofretromandibularandoccipitalveinCrossingsternocleidomastoidtoentersubclavianveinAnteriorjugularvein

頸前靜脈DrainssubmandibularandanteriorneckregionsDescendsnearmidline,runsposteriortosternalendofsternocleidomastoidtodrainintoexternaljugularveinorsubclavianveinJugularvenousarch

頸靜脈弓Superficial

veinsoftheupperlimbCephalicvein

頭靜脈

ArisesfromthelateralsideofthedorsalvenousreteonthebackofhandWindsaroundthelateralborderoftheforearm;itthenascendsintothecubitalfossaandupthefrontofthearmonthelateralsideofthebiceps.Itcontinuesupinthedeltopectoralgrooveandthentotheinfraclavicularfossa,whereitpiercesclavipectoralfasciatodrainintoaxillaryvein.Basilicvein

貴要靜脈Arisesfromthemedialsideofthedorsalvenousreteofhand

Windsaroundthemedialborderoftheforearm;itthenascendsintothecubitalfossaandupthefrontofthearmonthemedialsideofthebicepstomiddleofthearmwhereitpiercesthedeepfasciaandjoinsthebrachialveinoraxillaryveinMediancubitalvein

肘正中靜脈

LinkscephalicveinandbasilicveininthecubitalfossaItisafrequentsiteforvenipuncturetoremoveasampleofbloodoraddfluidtothebloodMedianveinofforearm

前臂正中靜脈VariationsinthevenouspatternoftheupperlimbDeep

veinsoftheupperlimbFrommetacarpaltoaxillary,theseveinsfollowthecourseofthecorrespondingarteriesasthepanyingveinandareusuallyarrangedinpairs,situatedonbothsidesofthearteries.Thedeepveinsoftheupperlimbdrainintotheaxillaryvein腋靜脈bythebrachialveins肱靜脈.Azygosvein

奇靜脈BeginsascontinuationofrightascendinglumbarveinAscendingalongtherightsideofvertebralcolumnJoinssuperiorvenacavabyarchingaboverightlungrootatlevelofT4toT5Receivesrightposteriorintercostalsandsubcostalveinsplussomeofbronchial,esophagealandpericardialveins,andhemiazygosveinTributariesHemiazygosv.

半奇靜脈Accessoryhemiazygosv.

副半奇靜脈Veinsofvertebralcolumn

Externalvertebralvenousplexus

椎外靜脈叢Internalvertebralvenousplexus

椎內(nèi)靜脈叢Inferiorvenacavasystem下腔靜脈系CompositionInferiorvenacavaanditstributariesCollectsthebloodfromthelowerlimbs,pelvisandabdomen,finallyendsintherightatriumInferiorvenacava

下腔靜脈FormedbyunionoftwocommoniliacveinsanteriorandjusttotherightofL4~L5Ascendsontherightsideofaorta,piercesvenacavaforamenofdiaphragmatthelevelofT8,anddrainsintotherightatriumConveysbloodfromthewholebodybelowthediaphragmtotherightatriumChieftributariesParietalPairedinferiorphrenicv.

膈下靜脈pairedlumbarv.

腰靜脈

(four)VisceralRightandleftrenalveins

左、右腎靜脈Rightsuprarenalvein

右腎上腺靜脈(leftdrainintoleftrenalvein) Righttesticularorovarianv.

右睪丸（卵巢）靜脈

(leftdrainintoleftrenalvein) Hepaticveins

肝靜脈:right,leftandintermediateCommoniliacvein

髂總靜脈

–formedbyunionofinternalandexternaliliacveinsinfrontofsacroiliacjoint,enduponL4~L5byunitingeachothertoforminferiorvenacavaInternaliliacvein髂內(nèi)靜脈Parietaltributaries:panywitharteriesVisceraltributaries①Rectalvenousplexus→superiorrectalvein→inferiormesentericv. 直腸靜脈叢→inferiorrectalvein→internaliliacv. →analvein→internalpudendalv.②Vesicalvenousplexus膀胱靜脈叢→vesicalv.③Uterinevenousplexus子宮靜脈叢→uterinev.

Externaliliacvein髂外靜脈–panythearterySuperficial

veinsofthelowerlimbSmallsaphenousv.

小隱靜脈ArisesfromthelateralpartofthedorsalvenousarchoffootAscendsbehindlateralmalleolusandthenrunsupthemidlineofthebackofthelegPiercesthedeepfasciaandentersthepoplitealv.

腘靜脈Drainsthelateralsideofthefootandankleandthebackoftheleg.Greatsaphenousv.

大隱靜脈BeginsthemedialendofdorsalvenousarchoffootPassesanteriortothemedialmalleolusandascendsonthemedialsideoftheleg,thenpassesbehindthekneeandcurvesforwardaroundthemedialsideofthethigh

Inclinesanteriorlythroughthethightoenterthefemoralveinthroughthesaphenoushiatuswhichliesabout3~4cmbelowandlateraltothepubictubercleTributaries:Superficialmedialfemoralv.

股內(nèi)側(cè)淺靜脈Superficiallateralfemoralv.

股外側(cè)淺靜脈Externalpudendalv.

陰部外靜脈Superficialepigastricv.

腹壁淺靜脈Superficialiliaccircumflexv.

旋髂淺靜脈VaricoseveinsDeep

veinsofthelowerlimbpanywiththecorrespondingarteries.Thepoplitealvein腘靜脈isformedbytheunionoftheanteriorandposteriortibialveins.Poplitealveinascendsinthepoplitealfossatotheadductortendiousopeningwhereitesthefemoralvein股靜脈Hepaticportalveinsystem肝門靜脈系CompositionHepaticportalveinanditstributariesSendsthebloodfromtheunpairedorgansintheabdominalcavityandtherectuminthepelviccavityHepaticportalvein

肝門靜脈

Formedbehindtheneckofpancreasbytheunionofsuperiormesentericveinandsplenicvein

Ascendsupwardsandtotheright,posteriortothefirstpartofduodenumandthenentersthelesseromentumtotheportahepatis,whereitdividesintorightandleftbranchesTherearenofunctioningvalvesinhepaticportalsystemDrainsbloodfromgastrointestinaltractfromthelowerendofesophagustotheupperendofanalcanal,pancreas,gallbladder,bileductsandspleenTributariesofhepaticportalv.Superiormesentericv.

腸系膜上靜脈Splenicv.

脾靜脈Inferiormesentericv.

腸系膜下靜脈Leftgastricv.

胃左靜脈Rightgastricv.

胃右靜脈Cysticv.

膽囊靜脈Paraumbilicalv.

附臍靜脈Variationandanomaliesofhepaticportalvein

Portosystemicanastomoses

1.Atthelowerendoftheesophagus

Hepaticportalv.←leftgastricv.←esophagealvenousplexus→esophagealv.→azygosv.→superiorvenacava2.

Atrectalvenousplexus

Hepaticportalv.←splenicv.←inferiormesentericv.←superiorrectalv.←rectalvenousplexus→inferiorrectalandanalv.→internaliliacv.→inferiorvenacava3.Atpe