管理會(huì)計(jì)雙語(yǔ)版總結(jié)

Review1Chapter1:IntroductionWhymanagementaccounting?OriginandevolutionofmanagementaccountingContrastingfinancialandmanagementaccountingEthicalstandardsformanagementaccountingManagementaccountinginChina2Chapter2:ClassifyingCostsAssigningcoststocostobjectsProductcostDirectmaterialsDirectlaborManufacturingoverheadPeriodcostSellingcostAdministrativecostPrimecostandconversioncost3Chapter2:ClassifyingCostsInventoryclassificationsRawmaterialsWork-in-processFinishedgoodsTheflowofproductcostManufacturingcostforcurrentperiod+Beginningwork-in-processinventory=costofgoodsavailabletobefinished-Endingwork-in-processinventory=Costofgoodsmanufactured4Chapter3:DeterminingCostsofProductsJobordercostingDirectmaterial:traceDirectlabor:traceManufacturingoverhead:allocateCostpoolandallocationbaseActualcostsystemvs.normalcostsystemOver-applyvs.under-applyProcesscostingEquivalentunitsandcostperequivalentunitCostofendingwork-in-processCostofcompletedunits5Chapter4:ActivityBasedCostingABCCostdriver:causesthecosttooccurStepstoemployABCReviewmanufacturingoverheadIdentifymajoractivitiesPoolthecostsofmajoractivitiesDeterminemultiplecostapplicationratesDeterminethecostsassignedtoindividualproductsComparisonoftraditionalandABCoverheadallocation6MajorPointsofCostAllocationWhyallocate?Howmuchtoallocate?Allocatetowhom?Howtoallocate?12347Chapter5:CostBehaviorCommoncostbehaviorpatternsFixedcosts:thinkastotalVariablecosts:thinkonaper-unitbasisRelevantrangeMixedcostsanditsseparationTheengineeringapproachScattergraphingThehigh-lowmethodRegressionanalysis8Chapter6:BusinessDecisionsusingCostBehaviorCost-volume-profitanalysisContributionmargintotalvs.perunitContributionmarginratioBreak-even(inunitsandindollars)Targetprofit(inunitsandindollars)Threeformulas(page136)Sensitivityanalysis9CVPEquationsSales–VariableCosts–FixedCosts=targetprofit(Sales)–(VCratio*Sales)–FC=targetprofit(SP/unit*units)–(VC/unit*units)–FC=targetprofit(Sales)–(VCratio*Sales)–FC=TPratio*Sales10Chapter6:BusinessDecisionsusingCostBehaviorAbsorptioncostingandvariablecostingFunctionalandcontributionincomestatement11SalesVariableCostsContributionMarginDirectMaterialDirectLaborVariableMfg.VariableS&AFixedMfg.FixedS&AProfit12SalesCostofGoodSoldGrossMarginDirectMaterialDirectLaborVariableMfg.FixedMfg.

VariableS&AFixedS&AProfit13Chapter7:MakingDecisionsUsingRelevantInformationRelevantInformationRelevantCost&RelevantBenefitSunkCostsOpportunityCostsQuantitativeFactorsQualitativeFactorsSegmentMargin14DeterminingRelevantCostandBenefitIstheitemafuturecostorbenefit?Thecostorbenefitisnotarelevantitem.NoThecostorbenefitisnotarelevantitem.NoThecostorbenefitisarelevantitem.YesDoesthecostorbenefitdifferfromdecisionalternatives?Yes15Accordingtotheabovetwocriteria:Historicalcost(sunkcost)isirrelevant.Futurecostthatwillnotdifferisirrelevant.Variablecostcanbeirrelevant.Fixedcostcanberelevant.Precisebutirrelevantinformationisworthlessfordecisionmaking.Imprecisebutrelevantinformationcanbeuseful.16TypesofProblemsA.EquipmentReplacementSunkCosts&DepreciationB.SpecialOrderFixedCost&OpportunityCostsC.Outsourcing:MakeorBuyDecisionFixedCostsandOpportunityCostsD.DiscontinuingABusinessSegmentAvoidableCosts&UnavoidableCosts17Chapter8:CapitalBudgetingTimevalueofmoneyExhibitA8-5andA8-10(P213andP216)ThebusinessplanningprocessThewhy,thewhat,thehowandthewhoCostofcapitalWeightedaveragecostofcapitalCapitalbudgetingmethodsNetpresentvalueProfitabilityindexInternalrateofreturnPaybackperiodAccountingrateofreturn18Chapter9:TheOperatingBudgetDifferentapproachestobudgetingPreparinganoperatingbudgetSalesbudgetCostofgoodssoldbudgetSellingandadministrativeexpensesbudgetPurchasesbudgetCashbudgetCashreceiptsandcashpaymentsscheduleBudgetedstatementsBalancesheet,incomestatementandstatementofcashflow19Chapter9:TheOperatingBudgetPerformancereportStaticbudgetFlexiblebudgetStaticbudgetvarianceSalesvolumevarianceFlexiblebudgetvarianceFavorablevarianceandunfavorablevarianceManagementbyexception20Chapter10:StandardCostingStandardsQuantityandpricestandardsIdealandpracticalstandardsVarianceAnalysisDirectmaterialquantityvarianceDirectmaterialpricevarianceDirectlaborefficiencyvarianceDirectlaborratevarianceVariablemfg.overheadefficiencyvarianceVariablemfg.overheadspendingvarianceFixedmfg.overheadbudgetvarianceFixedmfg.overheadvolumevariance21Chapter11:EvaluatingPerformanceAllocatingservicedepartmentcostCentralizationanddecentralizationEvaluatingbusinesssegmentsRevenuecenterCostcenterProfitcenterInvestmentcenterReturnoninvestmentandresidualincomeTransferpricing22Problems1.CostallocationandABCCalculateandcomment2.GrossmarginandcontributionmarginAbsorptioncostingandvariablecosting3.CapitalbudgetNetpresentvalueProfitabilityindexInternalrateofreturnPaybackperiodAccountingrateofreturn23Problems4.VarianceanalysisCalculateandcomment5.Cost-volume-profitanalysisBreak-evenpointandtargetprofitSensitivityanalysisRelevantrange6.MakingdecisionsusingrelevantinformationIdentifyrelevantinformationSunkcostandopportunitycostQuantitativefactorsandqualitativefactors24Problems7.EvaluatingperformanceReturnoninvestmentandresidualincome8.ComprehensiveproblemCVPanalysisandsensitivityanalysisRelevantinformationanddecisionmaking9.ComprehensiveproblemCapitalbudgetingCVPanalysisTransferpricinganddecisionmaking25Problem126Problem127Problem128Problem129Problem230Problem231SalesCostofGoodSoldGrossMarginDirectMaterialDirectLaborVariableMfg.FixedMfg.

VariableS&AFixedS&AProfit20,000100,00032Problem2*Answer(e)issimply100-20=80.33SalesCostofGoodSoldGrossMarginDirectMaterialDirectLaborVariableMfg.FixedMfg.

VariableS&AFixedS&AProfit20,000100,00080,00035,00025,00015,00034Problem2**Answer(c)is80-(35+25+15)=5.35SalesCostofGoodSoldGrossMarginDirectMaterialDirectLaborVariableMfg.FixedMfg.

VariableS&AFixedS&AProfit20,000100,00080,00035,00025,00015,000-5,00036Problem2***Totalsellingandadministrativeexpenses=5+20=25.Thefixedsellingandadministrativeexpenses=10Thenanswer(a)is25-10=15.37Problem2Sales $100Costofgoodsmanufacturedandsold(i.e.,manufacturingcostofgoodssold):Directmaterial $35Directlabor 25Variablemanufacturingoverhead 5**Fixedmanufacturingoverhead 15Totalmanufacturingcostofgoodssold 80 *Grossprofit 20Sellingandadministrativeexpenses:Variable 15***Fixed10

25Netloss $(5)38Problem2*Answer(e)issimply100-20=80.**Answer(c)is80-(35+25+15)=5.***Totalsellingandadministrativeexpenses=5+20=25.Thenanswer(a)is25-10=15.39SalesVariableCostsContributionMarginDirectMaterialDirectLaborVariableMfg.VariableS&AFixedMfg.FixedS&AProfit40Problem2Sales $100 Directmaterials(35) Directlabor(25) Variablemanufacturingoverhead (5) Variablesellingandadministrative

(15) Contributionmargin $20Break-even=(15000+10000)/0.2=$125,00041Problem3424344Problem345Problem346Problem347Problem4Page1837-3248Page1837-3249Problem4

HoweTieCompanymanufacturesties.When18,000itemsareproduced,thecostsperunitare: Directmaterials $0.60 Directmanufacturinglabor3.00 Variablemanufacturingoverhead 1.20 Fixedmanufacturingoverhead 1.60 Variableselling 0.80 Fixedselling 1.13 Total $8.30Thetiesnormallysellfor$13each.HoweTieCompanyhasreceivedaspecialorderfor2,000tiesat$6.00pertie.HoweTieCompanyhasexcesscapacity.

Required:Computetheamountbywhichtheoperatingincomewouldchangeiftheorderwereaccepted.

50Problem4Answer: Additionalsales(2,000x$6.00) $12,000 Relevantcosts: Directmaterials(2,000x$0.60)$1,200 Directlabor2,000x$3.00) 6,000 Variablemanufacturingoverhead2,400(2,000x$1.20) Variableselling(2,000x$0.80) 1,600

11,200

Additionaloperatingincome$80051Problem5Page184,7-35Page184,7-3652Page184,7-3553Page184,7-3654Problem5練習(xí)355Problem656Problem657Problem658Problem659Problem660Problem66.OsakaCompanyisplanningtobuynewequipmenttoexpandtheirproductionofapopulardesk.Estimateddataare:Cashcostofthenewequipmentnow$380000Estimatedlifeinyears10Terminalsalvagevalue$60000Incrementalrevenuesperyear$320000Incrementalexpensesperyear(otherthandepreciation)$16500061Problem6Assumea60%flatrateforincometaxes.Thecompanyreceivesallrevenuesandpaysallexpensesotherthandepreciationincash.Usea14%discountrate.Assumethatthecompanyusesordinarystraight-linedepreciationbasedonaten-yearrecoveryperiodfortaxpurposes.Alsoassumethatthecompanydepreciatestheoriginalcostlesstheterminalsalvagevalue.Thepresentvalueof$1at14%fortenyearsis0.270;thepresentvalueofanannuityof$1at14%fortenyearsis5.216.;thefuturevalueof$1at14%fortenyearsis3.707;thefuturevalueofanannuityof$1at14%fortenyearsis19.337.62Problem6Compute:(1)Anticipatenetincomeperyear(2%)(2)Annualnetcashflow(3%)(3)Paybackperiod(2%)(4)Accountingrateofreturnoninitialinvestment(2%)(5)Netpresentvalue(3%)63Problem6（1）Depreciationexpense:(￥380,000-￥60,000)÷10=￥32,000Netincome: Revenues￥320,000 Lessexpense: Depreciation ￥32,000 Other165,000197,000 Operatingincome￥123,000 Lessincometax(60%)73,800 Netincome ￥49,20064Problem6（2）Cashflow:￥49,200+￥32,000=￥81,200peryear or￥320,000-￥165,000-￥73,800=￥81,200（3）Paybackperiod:￥380,000÷￥81,200=4.7years（4）Accountingrateofreturn:￥49,200÷￥380,000=12.9%65Problem6（5）NPV:Annualcashflows,￥81,200x5.2161=￥423,547 Salvagevalue,￥60,000x0.2697=16,182 Grosspresentvalue ￥439,729 Less:Investment