習(xí)語的翻譯課件

習(xí)語的翻譯習(xí)語就其廣義而言，包括成語、俗語、諺語、歇后語等。任何一種語言的習(xí)語、引語都與使用該語言的民族的歷史、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、價(jià)值觀念、地理位置等密切相關(guān)。因此，習(xí)語、引語有明顯的民族特色，是人民群眾智慧的結(jié)晶，是經(jīng)過長期使用而提煉出來的妙語名言。習(xí)語、引語準(zhǔn)確、快速、流利的互譯可以簡明、生動、形象、有力地表達(dá)說話人的思想、觀點(diǎn)和情感，增強(qiáng)語言的魅力和表達(dá)效果。習(xí)語、引語的翻譯主要靠譯員兩種語言的扎實(shí)功底，包括對兩種語言的詞匯、文學(xué)、文化背景知識的豐富積累和口譯技巧的熟練掌握。習(xí)語的翻譯主要有三種方法：直譯、直譯與轉(zhuǎn)換相結(jié)合和意譯法。

英語習(xí)語的漢譯

stonyheart/haveaheartofstone鐵石心腸plainsailing一帆風(fēng)順inblackandwhite白紙黑字fleshandblood親骨肉；親人asfirmasarock堅(jiān)如磐石tobeledbythenose被牽著鼻子走toshowone'scards攤牌tobearmedtotheteeth武裝到牙齒\全副武裝

toturnadeafearto…充耳不聞topickbonesfromanegg雞蛋里面挑骨頭Factsspeaklouderthanwords.事實(shí)勝于雄辯Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失敗乃成功之母Honestyisthebestpolicy.誠實(shí)是上策Childrenandfoolstellthetruth.童愚吐真言Evilisrewardedwithevil.惡有惡報(bào)Contentishappiness.知足者常樂Knowyourownfaultsbeforeblamingothersfortheirs.欲責(zé)他人，應(yīng)先知己過；欲正人，先正己。漢語習(xí)語的英譯

一心一意withoneheartandonemind滄海一滴adropintheocean輕如鴻毛aslightasafeather實(shí)事求是toseektruthfromfacts一見如故tofeellikeoldfriendsatthefirstmeeting同甘共苦toshareeachother'sjoysandhardships掩耳盜鈴toplugone'searswhilestealingabell知識就是力量。Knowledgeispower.一寸光陰一寸金,寸金難買寸光陰。Aninchoftimeisworthaninchofgold，butaninchofgoldcannotpurchaseaninchoftime.一回生，兩回熟。Firstmeeting,strangers;secondmeeting,oldfriends.一年之計(jì)在于春。Thewholeyear'sworkdependsonagoodstartinspring.一鳥在手遠(yuǎn)勝兩鳥在林。Abirdinhandisworthtwointhebush.兔子尾巴——長不了。Likearabbittail-----itcannotgrowanylonger-----itwon'tlastlong.搬起石頭砸自己的腳——自作自受toliftarockonlytodropitonone'sownfeet-----tosufferfromwhatonehasdone鱷魚掉眼淚——假慈悲crocodilesheddingtears------pretendingtobebenevolentasblindasabat有眼無珠astimidasahare膽小如鼠onpinsandneedles如坐針氈aspoorasachurchmouse一貧如洗tokilltwobirdswithonestone一箭雙雕towakeupasleepingdog打草驚蛇tobeatthedogbeforethelion殺雞給猴看Lockthedoorafterthehorseisstolen.亡羊補(bǔ)牢。3.意譯

還有一類習(xí)語，在結(jié)構(gòu)和字面意思上，英漢兩種語言似乎無相近之處。其確切的意思有時難以捉摸。遇到這一類習(xí)語，譯員要根據(jù)交談雙方的話題、意圖及談話的背景和上下文意思等因素，充分理解所用習(xí)語的含義，采用意譯、意譯加注和其它變通方法，最重要的是譯出話語的真正含義。同時，盡可能的保留原語的民族和地方色彩。不要按字面意思死譯，以免造成歧義。

onone'stoes機(jī)靈onceinabluemoon極難得；千載難逢toseeeyetoeye與(某人)看法一致straightfromtheshoulder直截了當(dāng)totakesomethingwithagrainofsalt對某事半信半疑或不全信toputallone'seggsinonebasket孤注一擲;冒險(xiǎn)toteachone'sgrandmothertosucheggs班門弄斧；好為人師toputthecartbeforethehorse本末倒置tomisstheboat坐失良機(jī)toburnthecandleatbothends過分耗費(fèi)精力topokeone'snoseinto…探聽;干涉toplayforone'sownhand為自己的利益而做topullwooloverone'seyes蒙蔽某人tocallaspadeaspade實(shí)話實(shí)說,直言不諱Birdsofafeatureflocktogether.物以類聚,人以群分Loveme;lovemydog.愛吾及犬；愛屋及烏Romewasnotbuiltinaday.羅馬不是一天建成的;偉業(yè)非一日可成;冰凍三尺,非一日之寒。Halftheworldknowsnothowtheotherhalflives.富人不知窮人苦;飽漢不知餓漢饑。有些漢語習(xí)語、俗語、歇后語有強(qiáng)烈而濃厚的民族色彩，意譯不能確切表達(dá)原意。必須采用意譯加注，說明必要的歷史文化背景，才能很好傳達(dá)原意。臥薪嘗膽tosleeponbrushwoodandtastegall-----toundergoself-imposedhardshipssoastostrengthenone’sresolvetowipeoutanationalhumility；toendurehardshipstoaccomplishsomeambition望子成龍

tohopeone’schildwillbecomesomebodyinthefuture；tohopeone’schildwillhaveabrightfuture;toholdhighhopesforone’schild不到長城非好漢。

HewhofailstoreachtheGreatWallisnotatruehero；notstopuntilone’saimisobtained八仙過海，各顯神通。

TheEightImmortalscrossingthesea-----eachshowshis/herspecialprowess(inthelegend,theyweredescribedasfairieswithdifferentmagicarts)；LiketheEightImmortalssoaringtheocean,eachofyoushouldshowyourtrueworth.打破砂鍋——問（紋）到底breakinganearthenwarepot-----(lit)-crackedtothebottom；(pun)interrogatethoroughly；togettothebottomofamatter英語引語Knowledgeislikethespringwaterunderground---thedeeperyoudig,thecleareristhewater.知識好像地下的泉水，掘得越深越清澈。Wastenot,wantnot.舊的不去，新的不來。Carveyournameonheartsbutnotonmarbles.把你的名字刻在人們的心上，而不是大理石上。Timeismoney;trustisgold.時間是金錢，信用是金子。Timeandtidewaitfornoman.時光如逝水，歲月不待人。Richesaregottenwithpain,keptwithcare,andlostwithgrief.財(cái)富得之不易，存之憂慮，失之悲痛。漢語引語己所不欲，勿施于人。Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnothavethemdotoyou.知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆。Knowtheenemyandknowyourself,andyoucanfightahundredbattleswithnodangerofdefeat.貧賤不能移，威武不能屈。Heisnottobesubduedbyforcenotswervedbypoverty.國家興亡，匹夫有責(zé)。Thefortuneofacountrydependsonthepeopleinit.識實(shí)務(wù)者為俊杰。Amanwhoknowswherehisinterestlieswillsucceed.前事不忘，后事之師。Repentwhatispast；avoidwhatistocome兼聽則明，偏聽則暗。Listentobothsidesandyouwillbeenlightened；heedonlyonesideandyouwillbebenighted.若要人不知，除非己莫為。Ifyoudon’twantpeopletoknowaboutit,don’tdoit.懸崖勒馬猶未晚，船到江心補(bǔ)漏遲。It’sjustintimetoreininatthebrinkoftheprecipice,butit’stoolatetomendtheshipsleakinthemiddleoftheriver.“人固有一死，或重于泰山，或輕于鴻毛”。為人民利益而死，重于泰山。Thoughdeathbefallsallmenalike,itmayweightierthanMountTaiorlighterthanafeather.TodieforthepeopleisweightierthanMountTai.Exerciseheartandsoultomakeabigfussaboutupsanddownstofishinthetroubledwatertobiteoffmorethanonecanchewtogetonone'shighhorsetoshutone'seyesagainst…tocryupwineandsellvinegartokickdowntheladdertohavea(good)headonone'sshoulder走馬觀花坐山觀虎斗水中撈月廉潔奉公光明正大倒行逆施畫餅充饑拔苗助長借花獻(xiàn)佛坐收漁人之利熟能生巧不到黃河心不死。寧為雞首，不為牛后

黃金有價(jià)，知識無價(jià)。血濃于水，疏不間親。天下無難事，只怕有心人。路遙知馬力，日久見人心。竹籃打水——一場空黃鼠狼給雞拜年——沒安好心三個臭皮匠,賽過諸葛亮。棺材上畫老虎——嚇?biāo)廊薃nswerheartandsoultomakeabigfussaboutupsanddownstofishinthetroubledwatertobiteoffmorethanonecanchewtogetonone'shighhorsetoshutone'seyesagainst…tocryupwineandsellvinegartokickdowntheladdertohavea(good)headonone'sshoulder全心全意大做文章盛衰；沉浮；挫折渾水摸魚貪多嚼不爛；自不量力驕傲自大；盛氣凌人視而不見掛羊頭,買狗肉過河拆橋有見識;有能力走馬觀花坐山觀虎斗水中撈月廉潔奉公光明正大倒行逆施畫餅充饑拔苗助長借花獻(xiàn)佛

tolookattheflowerswhileridingonhorsebacktositonthehillandwatchtigersfighttocatchthemooninthewatertobehonestinperformingone’sofficialduties；tohaveintegrityandalwaysworkintheinterestofthepublictobejustandhonorable,openandaboveboardtogoagainstthetrendofthetimestodrawacaketosatisfyone'shungertotrytohelpthericeshootsgrowbypullingthemupwardtopresentBuddhawithborrowedflowers------toborrowsomethingtomakeagiftofit坐收漁人之利熟能生巧不到黃河心不死寧為雞首，不為牛后

黃金有價(jià)，知識無價(jià)。血濃于水，疏不間親。toreapadvantagesfrombothsideswithoutliftingafinger；toprofitfromothers’conflictPracticemakesperfect.nottostopuntiloner