2017年6月四級(jí)真題

精品文檔精品文檔2017年06月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題(第1套)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanadvertisementonyourcampuswebsitetosellacomputeryouusedatcollege.Youradvertisementmayincludeitsbrand,specifications/features,conditionandprice,andyourcontactinformation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionAQuestions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.Themaninthecarwasabsent-minded.Thetestdrivermadeawrongjudgement.Theself-drivingsystemwasfaulty.Thecarwasmovingatafastspeed.2.Theyhavedonebetterthanconventional.Theyhavecausedseveralseverecrashes.Theyhaveposedathreattootherdrivers.Theyhavegenerallydonequitewell.3.Heworksatanationalpark.Heisaqueenbeespecialist.Heremovedthebeyondfromtheboot.Hedrovethebeesawayfromhiscar.4.Theywerelookingafterthequeen.Theyweremakingalotofnoise.Theywerelookingforanewboxtolivein.Theyweredancinginauniqueway.5.Thediscoveryofanewspeciesofsnake.Thesecondtriptoasmallremoteisland.Thefindingof2newspeciesoffrog.Thelatesttestonarareanimalspecies.6.Apoisonoussnakeattackedhimonthisfieldtrip.Hediscoveredararefogonadesertedisland.Asnakecrawledontohisheadinhissleep.Hefellfromatallpalmtreebyaccident.7.Fromitsgenes.Fromitslength.Fromitsorigin.Fromitscolour.8.Thesecuritychecktakestime.Hehastocheckalotofluggage.Hisflightisleavinginlessthan2hours.Theairportisalongwayfromthehotel.9.Incash.Bycreditcard.C.Withatraveler'scheck.D.Withhissmartphone.10.Givehimareceipt.Confirmhisflight.Lookafterhisluggage.Findaporterforhim.11.SigningupformembershipofSHotel.Stayinginthesamehotelnexttimehecomes.Loadingherluggageontotheairportshuttle.Postingacommentonthehotel'swebpage.12.Heistheonlyboyinhisfamily.Hebecomestearfulinwind.Hehasstoppedmakingterriblefaces.Heishisteacher'sfavoritestudent.13.Tellhimtoplayinherbackyard.Dosomethingfunnytoamusehim.Givehimsomecherrystonestoplaywith.Warnhimofdangerbymakingupastory.14.Theycouldbreakpp'slegs.Theycouldsometimesterrifyadults.Theycouldflyagainstastrongwind.Theycouldknockppunconscious.15.Onewouldgetaspotontheirtonguesiftheytoldaliedeliberately.Onewouldhavetoshavetheirheadtoremoveabatintheirhair.Onewouldgotoprisoniftheyputastamponupsidedown.Onewouldhavecurlyhairiftheyatetoomuchstalebread.16.Everythingseemedtobechanging.Peoplewereformalanddisciplined.Peoplewereexcitedtogotravelingoverseas.ThingsfromtheVictorianeracamebackalive.17.WatchingTVathome.Meetingpeople.Drinkingcoffee.Tryingnewfoods.18.Hewasinterestedinstylishdresses.Hewasabletomakealotofmoney.Hewasayoungstudentinthe1960s.Hewasamanfullofimagination.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.Theyavoidlookingatthem.Theyrunawayimmediately.Theyshowangerontheirfaces.Theymakethreateningsounds.20.Itturnstoitsownerforhelp.Itturnsawaytoavoidconflict.Itlooksawayandgetsangrytoo.Itfocusesitseyesontheirmouths.21.Byobservingtheirfacialfeaturescarefully.Byfocusingonaparticularbodymovement.Bytakingintheirfacialexpressionsasawhole.byinterpretingdifferentemotionsindifferentways.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.Theyhavetolookforfoodandshelterunderground.Theytakelittlenoticeofthechangesintemperature.Theyresorttodifferentmeanstosurvivethebittercold.Theyhavedifficultyadaptingtothechangedenvironment.23.Theyhavetheirweightreducedtotheminimum.Theyconsumeenergystoredbeforethelongsleep.Theycanmaintaintheirheartbeatatthenormalrate.Theycankeeptheirbodytemperaturewarmandstable.24.Bystayinginhidingplacesandeatingverylittle.Byseekingfoodandshelterinpeople'shouses.Bygrowingthickerhairtostaywarm.Bystoringenoughfoodbeforehand.25.Tostaysafe.Tosaveenergy.Tokeepcompany.Toprotecttheyoung.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Themethodformakingbeerhaschangedovertime.Hops,forexample,whichgivemanyamodernbeeritsbitterflavor,area(26)recentadditiontothebeverage.Thiswasmentionedinreferencetobrewingintheninthcentury.Now,researchershavefounda(27)ingredientinresidue(殘留物)from5000-year-oldbeerbrewingequipment.WhileexcavatingtwopitsatasiteinthecentralplainsofChina,scientistsdiscoveredfragmentsfrompots,funnels,amphorae,andstoves(stovefragmentpictured).Thedifferentshapesofthecontainers(28)theywereusedtobrew,filter,andstorebeer.Theymaybeancient“beer-makingtoolkits,”andtheearliest(29)evidenceofbeerbrewinginChina,theresearchersreportonlinetodayintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.To(30)thathypothesis,theteamexaminedtheyellowish,dried(31)insidethevessels.Themajorityofthegrains,about80%,werefromcerealcropslikemilletandbarley(大麥),andabout10%werebitsofroots,(32)likely,wouldhavemadethebeersweeter,thescientistssay.Barleywasanunexpectedfind:ThecropwasdomesticatedinwesternEurasiaanddidn'tbecomea(33)foodincentralChinauntilabout2000yearsago,accordingtotheresearchers.Basedonthattiming,theysuggestbarleymayhave(34)intheregionnotasfood,butas(35)materialforbeerbrewing.arrivedB.consumingC.directD.exclusivelyE.includingF.informG.rawH.reachedI.relativelyJ.remainsK.resourcesL.stapleM.surprisingN.suggestO.testSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheBlessingandCurseofthePeopleWhoNeverForgetAhandfulofpeoplecanrecallalmosteverydayoftheirlivesinenormousdetail—andafteryearsofresearch,neuroscientistsarefinallybeginningtounderstandhowtheydoit.Formostofus,memoryisamessofblurredandfadedpicturesofourlives.Asmuchaswewouldliketoclingontoourpast,eventhesaddestmomentscanbewashedawaywithtime.AskNimaVersehwhathewasdoingforanydayinthepast15years,however,andhewillgiveyouthedetailsoftheweather,whathewaswearing,orevenwhatsideofthetrainhewassittingonhisjourneytowork.“Mymemoryislikealibraryofvideotapes,walk-throughsofeverydayofmylifefromwakingtosleeping,”heexplains.Veisehcanevenputadateonwhenthosetapesstartedrecording:15December2000,whenhemethisfirstgirlfriendathisbestfriend's16thbirthdayparty.Hehadalwayshadagoodmemory,butthethrillofyoungloveseemstohaveshiftedagearinhismind:fromnowon,hewouldstartrecordinghiswholelifeindetail.“Icouldtellyoueverythingabouteverydayafterthat.”Needlesstosay,peoplelikeVeisehareofgreatinteresttoneuroscientists（神經(jīng)科學(xué)專家）hopingtounderstandthewaythebrainrecordsourlives.Acoupleofrecentpapershavefinallyopenedawindowonthesepeople'sextraordinaryminds.Andsuchresearchmightevensuggestwaysforusalltoreliveourpastwithgreaterclarity.‘Highlysuperiorautobiographicalmemory'（orHSAMforshort）,firstcametolightintheearly2000s,withayoungwomannamedJillPrice,EmailingtheneuroscientistandmemoryresearcherJimMcGaughoneday,sheclaimedthatshecouldrecalleverydayofherlifesincetheageof12.Couldhehelpexplainherexperiences?McGaughinvitedhertohislab,andbegantotesther:hewouldgiveheradateandaskhertotellhimabouttheworldeventsonthatday.Truetoherword,shewascorrectalmosteverytime.Itdidn'ttakelongformagazinesanddocumentaryfilm-makerstocometounderstandher“totalrecall”,andthankstothesubsequentmediainterest,afewdozenothersubjects（includingVerseh）havesincecomeforwardandcontactedtheteamattheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine.Interestingly,theirmemoriesarehighlyself-centred:althoughtheycanremember“autobiographical”lifeeventsinextraordinarydetail,theyseemtobenobetterthanaverageatrecallingimpersonalinformation,suchasrandom（任意選取的）listsofwords.Noraretheynecessarilybetteratrememberingaroundofdrinks,say.Andalthoughtheirmemoriesarevast,theyarestilllikelytosufferfrom“falsememories”.Clearly,thereisnosuchthingasa“perfect”memory—theirextraordinarymindsarestillusingthesameflawedtoolsthattherestofusrelyon.Thequestionis,how?LawrencePatihisattheUniversityofSouthernMississippirecentlystudiedaround20peoplewithHSAMandfoundthattheyscoredparticularlyhighontwomeasures:fantasyproneness（傾向）andabsorption.Fantasypronenesscouldbeconsideredatendencytoimagineanddaydream,whereasabsorptionisthetendencytoallowyurmindtobecomefullyabsorbedinanactivity—topaycompleteattentiontothesensations（感受）andtheexperiences.“I'mextremelysensitivetosounds,smellsandvisualdetail,”explainsNicoleDonohue,whohastakenpartinmanyofthesestudies.“Idefinitelyfeelthingsmorestronglythantheaverageperson.”Theabsorptionhelpsthemtoestablishstrongfoundationsforrecollection,saysPatihis,andthefantasypronenessmeansthattheyrevisitthosememoriesagainandagaininthecomingweeksandmonths.Eachtimethisinitialmemorytraceis“replayed”,itbecomesevenstronger.Insomeways,youprobablygothroughthatprocessafterabigeventlikeyourweddingday—butthedifferenceisthatthankstothirotherpsychologicaltendencies,theHSAMsubjectsaredoingitdayin,dayout,forthewholeoftheirlives.NoteveryonewithatendencytofantasieswilldevelopHSAM,though,soPatihissuggeststhatsomethingmusthavecausedthemtothinksomuchabouttheirpast.“Maybesomeexperienceintheirchildhoodmeantthattheybecameobsessed（著迷）withcalendarsandwhathappenedtothem,”saysPatihis.ThepeoplewithHSAMI'veinterviewedwouldcertainlyagreethatitcanbeamixedblessing.Ontheplusside,itallowsyoutorelivethemosttransformativeandenrichingexperiences.Verseh,forinstance,travelledalotinhisyouth.Inhissparetime,hevisitedthelocalartgalleries,andthepaintingsarenowlodgeddeepinhisautobiographicalmemories.“Imaginebeingabletoremembereverypainting,oneverywall,ineverygalleryspace,betweennearly40countries,”hesays.“That'sabigeducationinartbyitself.”Withthiscomprehensiveknowledgeofthehistoryofart,hehassincebecomeaprofessionalpainter.Donohue,nowahistoryteacher,agreesthatithelpedduringcertainpartsofhereducation:“IcandefinitelyrememberwhatIlearnedoncertaindaysatschool.Icouldimaginewhattheteacherwassayingorwhatitlookedlifeinthebook.”NoteveryonewithHSAMhasexperiencedthesebenefits,however.Viewingthepastinhighdefinitioncanmakeitverydifficulttogetoverpainandregret.“Itcanbeveryhardtoforgetembarrassingmoments,”sayDonohue.“Youfeelthesameemotions—itisjustasraw,justasfresh...Youcan'tturnoffthatstreamofmemories,nomatterhowhardyoutry.”Veisehagrees:“Itislikehavingtheseopenwounds—theyarejustapartofyou,”hesays.Thismeanstheyoftenhavetomakeaspecialefforttolaythepasttores.Bill,forinstance,oftengetspainful“flashbacks”,inwhichunwantedmemoriesintrudeintohisconsciousness,butoverallhehaschosentoseeitasthebestwayofavoidingrepeatingthesamemistakes.“Somepeopleareabsorbedinthepastbutnotopentonewmemories,butthat'snotthecaseforme.Ilookforwardtoeachdayandexperiencingsomethingnew.”PeoplewithHSAMhavethesamememoryasordinarypeoplewhenitcomestoimpersonalinformation.FantasypronenesswillnotnecessarilycausepeopletodevelopHSAM.Versehbegantorememberthedetailsofiseverydayexperiencesafterhemethisfirstyounglove.ManymorepeoplewithHSAMstartedtocontactresearchersduetothemassmedia.PeoplewithHSAMoftenhavetomakeeffortstoavoidfocusingonthepast.Mostpeopledonothaveclearmemoriesofpastevents.HSAMcanbebothacurseandablessing.Ayoungwomansoughtexplanationfromabrainscientistwhenshenoticedherunusualmemory.SomepeoplewithHSAMfinditveryhardtogetridofunpleasantmemories.ArecentstudyofpeoplewithHSAMrevealsthattheyareliabletofantasyandfullabsorptioninanactivity.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thephrasealmostcompletesitself:midlifecrisis.It'sthestageinthemiddleofthejourneywhenpeoplefeelyouthvanishing,theirprospectsnarrowinganddeathapproaching.There'sonlyoneproblemwiththecliche（套話）.Itisn'ttrue.“Infact,thereisalmostnohardevidenceformidlifecrisisotherthanafewsmallpilotstudiesconducteddecadesago,”BarbaraHagertywritesinhernewbook,LifeReimagined.Thebulkoftheresearchshowsthattheremaybeapause,orashiftingofgearsinthe40sor50s,butthisshift“canbeexciting,ratherthanterrifying.”BarbaraHagertylooksatsomeofthefeaturesofpeoplewhoturnmidlifeintoarebirth.Theybreakroutines,because“autopilotisdeath.”Theychoosepurposeoverhappiness—havingaclearsenseofpurposeevenreducestheriskofAlzheimer'sdisease.Theygiveprioritytorelationships,ascareersoftenrecede（逐漸淡化）.LifeReimaginedpaintsapictureofmiddleagethatisfarfromgloomy.Midlifeseemslifethesecondbigphaseofdecision—making.Youridentityhasbeenformed;you'vebuiltupyourresources;andnowyouhavethechancetotakethebigriskspreciselybecauseyourfoundationisalreadysecure.KarlBarthdescribedmidlifepreciselythisway.Atmiddleage,hewrote,“thesowingisbehind;nowisthetimetoreap.Therunhasbeentaken;nowisthetimetoleap.Preparationhasbeenmade;nowisthetimefortheventureoftheworkitself.”Themiddle-agedperson,Barthcontinued,canseedeathinthedistance,butmoveswitha“measuredhaste”togetbignewthingsdonewhilethereisstilltime.WhatBarthwrotedecadesagoiseventruertoday.Peoplearehealthyandenergeticlonger.Wehavepresidentialcandidatesrunningfortheirfirstterminofficeatage68,69and74.Alongerlifespanischangingthenarrativestructureoflifeitself.Whatcouldhavebeenconsideredthebeginningofadescentisnowapotentialturningpoint—theturningpointyouaremostequippedtotakefulladvantageof.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthephrase“midlifecrisis”?Ithasledtoalotofdebate.Itiswidelyacknowledged.Itisnolongerfashionable.Itmisrepresentsreallife.HowdoesBarbarahagertyviewmidlife?Itmaybethebeginningofacrisis.Itcanbeanewphaseofone'slife.Itcanbeterrifyingfortheunprepared.Itmayseeold-agediseasesapproaching.HowismidlifepicturedinthebookLifeReimagined?Itcanbequiterosy.Itcanbeburdensome.Itundergoesradicaltransformation.Itmakesforthebestpartofone'slife.AccordingtoKarlBarth,midlifeisthetime.torelaxtomaturetoharvesttoreflectWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutmidlifetoday?Itismoremeaningfulthanotherstagesoflife.Itislikelytochangethenarrativeofone'slife.Itismoreimportanttothosewithalongerlifespan.Itislikelytobeacriticalturningpointinone'slife.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Insprint,chickensstartlayingagain,bringingawelcomesourceofproteinatwinter'send.Soit'snosurprisethatculturesaroundtheworldcelebratespringbyhonoringtheegg.Sometraditionsaresimple,liketheredeggsthatgetbakedintoGreekEasterbreads.Otherselevatetheeggintoafancyart,liketheheavilyjewel-covered“eggs”thatwerefavoredbytheRussiansstartinginthe19thcentury.OneancientformofeggartcomestousfromUkraine.Forcenturies,Ukrainianshavebeendrawingcomplicatedpatternsoneggs.Contemporaryartistshavefollowedthistraditiontocreateeggsthatspeaktotheanxietiesofourage:Lifeisprecious,anddelicate.Eggsare,too.“There'ssomethingabouttheirdelicatenaturethatappealstome,”saysNewYorkercartoonistRozChast.Severalyearsago,shebecameinterestedineggsandlearnedthetraditionalUkrainiantechniquetodrawherverymoderncharacters.“I'vebrokeneggsateverystageoftheprocess—fromtheverybeginningtothevery,veryend.Butthere'sanappealinthatvulnerability.“There'spartofthissickeninghorrorofknowingyou'rewalkingontheedgewiththis,thatIkindoflike,knowingthatitcouldallfallapartatanysecond.”Chast'sdesigns,suchasaworriedmanaloneinatinyrowboat,reflectthatdelicateness.TraditionalUkrainiandecoratedeggsalsospoketothosefears.Theelaboratepatternswerebelievedtoofferprotectionagainstevil.“There'sanancientlegendth