(完整word版)英語句子成分教案

12專業(yè)專一鑄就統(tǒng)一難點句子的主要成分狀語的識別定語的識別賓語補足語考點劃分句子結(jié)構(gòu)識別句子的主要成分能夠準確的翻譯句子技能提升通過本課的學(xué)習(xí)，使學(xué)生能夠清楚的劃分出句子的主要成分及次要成分，并能夠清楚的理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)教學(xué)效果自評及課后反思教學(xué)進程和教學(xué)內(nèi)容（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分：主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。（二）主語：主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。一句話語法：主語由名詞性的詞來充當(dāng).例如：Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名詞）ThestudentsalllovetheirEnglishteacher.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代詞）Theygotoschoolbybus.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（數(shù)詞）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Toseeistobelieve.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（動名詞）WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.It'snouseregrettingit.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名詞化的形容詞）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主語從句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）（三）謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。注意動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞為非謂語，不能作謂語。一句話語法：謂語由動詞充當(dāng)。有很多同學(xué)在寫作的時候容易犯犯的錯誤|就是要么亂用be動詞，要么句子沒有謂語動詞.1、可作謂語的動詞一般為行為動詞（表動作）和連系動詞（表狀態(tài)），行為動詞根據(jù)其后是否可直接接賓語，又可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。、及物動詞作謂語Weshouldhelpeachother.Theyrespectoneanother.Allofthestudentslikethenovel.Didyouseemanypeoplethere?、不及物動詞作謂語Helefthereyesterday.You'redrivingtoofast.Theteachercamein,bookinhand.HewentabroadintheSeptemberof1988.連系動詞表狀態(tài)Heisanexcellentteacher.Hersonisafriendofours.Oursisagreatcountry.Theboxitselfisnotsoheavy.2、謂語的構(gòu)成如下：、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.、復(fù)合謂語：(a)由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。注意:這里面的動詞原形非常重要.女如Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(b)由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：Wearestudents.(四)表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。一句話語法：表語使用形容詞，不用副詞！例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名詞)Theyarebrotherandsister.Johniscaptainoftheteam.Isityours?(代詞)WhatIwanttosayisthis.Thepoorboywasmyself.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞）Thespeechisexciting.（分詞）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（數(shù)詞）Herfatherissixty-five.HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Allyouneeddoistotakeataxifromtheairport.Hishobby（愛好）isplayingfootball.（動名詞）Myfavouritesportisswimming.Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介詞短語）注意：副詞可以做表語的只有幾個，非常簡單，考試不考，所以上面說:表語使用形容詞，不用副詞！我們所復(fù)習(xí)的語法直接針對高考，不是搞語法研究，這點請大家一定要記住。例如：Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副詞）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語從句）（五）賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。充當(dāng)賓語的可以是名詞、代詞、動名詞、動詞不定式或整個句子。一句話語法:賓語由名詞性的詞充當(dāng)，賓語分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語,分別構(gòu)成動賓結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞結(jié)構(gòu),這點非常重要，務(wù)必要牢記?例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞）Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代詞）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（數(shù)詞）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名詞化形容詞）Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短語）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（動名詞短語）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（賓語從句）賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary，please.如果同學(xué)搞不清楚什么是雙賓語,記下下面這個句子：givemeabook.一人一物做賓語就是雙賓語.說得白一點,雙就是兩個的意思.（2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）賓語補足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整，賓語補足語與賓語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等+賓語+賓補）。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。一句話語法：賓語補足語使用形容詞，不用副詞?例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名詞）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容詞）Youmustkeepitclean.TomfoundtheclimbquiteeasyLetthefreshairin.（副詞）Youmustn'tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短語）Ihavealotofworktodo.Shehasplentyofclothestowear.HemademerepeatthestoryWesawherenteringtheroom.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Ihavethecarwaiting.Whydon'tyouhaveyourhaircut?（-ed分詞）Wehadthemachinerepaired.IhadmywatchstolenyesterdayWefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介詞短語）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（從句）（注意：后跟名詞作賓語補足語的動詞有call,name,think,make,choose等；后跟形容詞作賓語補足語的動詞有keep,find,get,think,make等；動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，當(dāng)謂語動詞為感官動詞如feel,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,listento,lookat等，使役動詞如let,have,make等，動詞不定式不帶to。）（七）定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語，是句子中的次要成分?？煞譃榍爸枚ㄕZ和后置定語。一般有形容詞，形容詞性物主代詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞（短語）或句子充當(dāng)。一句話語法:定語使用形容詞例如：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞）Mr.Greenhastwosons.（數(shù)詞）Themandownstairscouldn'tsleep副詞Ll.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分詞）Amangoingtodieisalwayskind-hearted.Thesuggestionsenttothecommitteewasadopted.Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名詞）Canyoufindouttheanswertothequestion.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代詞）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語）Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（動名詞）Abarkingdogseldombites.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介詞短語）ThegirlunderthetreeisKate.DoyouknowthemanwhoisstandingnexttoMr.Green?從句）（八）狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。一句話語法：狀語用副詞，不用形容詞，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語?？捎筛痹~、名詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞或狀語從句來充當(dāng)。例如：Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介詞短語）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短語）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分詞短語）Waitaminute.（名詞）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（狀語從句）狀語種類如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（時間狀語）Hearingthenews,theyfeltveryexcited.Goalongthisstreetuntilyoureachtheend.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地點狀語）PandasonlyliveinChina.Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas.Lastnightshedidn'tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因狀語）I'mgladtomeetyou.Beingill,hedidn'tgotoschool.Ihavequitealotofworktodo.（程度狀語）Ishallgothere訐itdoesn'train.（條件狀語）Ifyoudon'tworkhard,you'llfallbehindtheothers.Givenmoreattention,theflowerswouldhavegrownbetter.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式狀語）Weusuallygotoschoolonfoot.PleasedoitasItoldyou.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴隨狀語）Thedoctorhurriedoff,withamedicineboxunderhisarm.Theteachercameintotheclassroom,followedbyagroupofhisstudents.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的狀語）We'llgotothebeachforapicnicthisSunday.Hetooksomechangefromhispockettobuyanewspaper.Shegotupearlysothatshecouldcatchthefirstbus.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（結(jié)果狀語）Thewindwassostrongthatwecouldhardlymoveforward.Heleftearly,sothathecaughtthetrain.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（讓步狀語）Thoughshehasalotofmoney,sheisunhappy.Nomatterwhathappens,Iwillneverloseheart.Iamtallerthanheis.（比較狀語）

課堂金思維訓(xùn)練題指出下列句中主語的中心詞theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.thereisanoldmancominghere.theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.選出句中謂語的中心詞（10分，10分鐘）idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.a.don'tb.likec.pictured.wallthedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.a.getb.longerc.daysd.summerdoyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?a.dob.usuallyc.god.bustherewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.a.willbe/