(完整word版)八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)完形填空解題技巧

9英語(yǔ)完形填空解題技巧一、完形填空的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)完形填空一般有如下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：（1）完形填空所選的文章比較多的是情節(jié)明了、層次分明、內(nèi)容易懂的故事性或記敘性的文體，文中較少出現(xiàn)生詞，這樣有助于考生整體理解和思路暢通。完形填空所選文章一般較之同一份試卷中的閱讀理解題所選的文章，其難度要略低一些。（2）完形填空的選文篇幅一般在170—220單詞之間；空缺處的密度一般是每5—15單詞一空。（3）以意義填空為主，要求填入的詞主要有：①語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)所要求的功能詞，如連接詞、連接代詞、連接副詞、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞等。②具有語(yǔ)法變化的普通詞，如動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣，名詞的數(shù)，代詞的格，形容詞和副詞的級(jí)等。③固定搭配短語(yǔ)或詞組中的特定詞。④同義詞、近義詞等易混淆詞。⑤根據(jù)上、下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的確定詞?？梢?，完形填空是一種綜合性較強(qiáng)的題型。它的突出特點(diǎn)是起點(diǎn)高、容量大。同學(xué)們只有具備了扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基本功、較好的閱讀能力及歸納判斷能力，才能適應(yīng)這一題型。（4）完形填空題的考查目的：①考查同學(xué)們閱讀理解能力。②考查同學(xué)們語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。③考查同學(xué)們綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)知識(shí)的水平和實(shí)踐能力。二、完形填空的考查點(diǎn)“完形填空”題是一種旨在考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的典型題型重點(diǎn)考查詞語(yǔ)搭配、詞語(yǔ)辨析、邏輯推斷、前后呼應(yīng)等，有時(shí)兼顧一些講英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的語(yǔ)言及生活習(xí)慣等。詞語(yǔ)搭配包括習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、名詞等的相互搭配；詞語(yǔ)辨析包括近義詞的辨析和易混詞的辨析；邏輯推斷包括根據(jù)上下文的信息判斷和邏輯關(guān)系，如轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)、因果、條件、讓步等關(guān)系，也包括根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容，選出一個(gè)意思與內(nèi)容相符合的詞或詞語(yǔ)；前后呼應(yīng)是指有些句子如果孤立地理解，可能有多個(gè)選擇，并且意思都能成立，但把前后文結(jié)合或聯(lián)系起來(lái)理解，就只能有一個(gè)選擇。三、完形填空題的解題步驟及技巧由于完形填空題的解題難度一般比單項(xiàng)填空和閱讀理解要大，一般說(shuō)來(lái)，做完形填空題時(shí)可按下列步驟：1、瀏覽全文，理解大意。在著手答題之前從頭到尾把文章瀏覽一遍，以便能了解文章的大概意思，使接下來(lái)的答題過(guò)程具有一定的針對(duì)性。2、照顧上下文，作出正確的邏輯及詞意的判斷。在答題過(guò)程中，不要一遇到空白處就停下來(lái)做題，有些空白處是需要通讀全句甚至全文后才能作出正確的選擇的，因此，在答題過(guò)程中，要經(jīng)?？紤]上下文，并進(jìn)行邏輯推斷。3、先易后難，利用已選出的正確答案來(lái)推斷未知的答案。一些題目一下子不能馬上找到答案，不妨先擱置一邊，做上標(biāo)記，待做完其他相對(duì)容易發(fā)現(xiàn)的答案的題目后再處理，因?yàn)檫@時(shí)，文章所提供的信息量比以前多了，也許這時(shí)找到答案的難度會(huì)小一些。4、重新閱讀全文，全面復(fù)查。將選好的答案一一對(duì)號(hào)入座，再把整篇文章通讀一遍，看看在表達(dá)整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇的意思上有無(wú)唐突之處，內(nèi)容是否連貫通順，語(yǔ)法上有無(wú)不妥等等。四、提高完形填空題解題能力的訓(xùn)練要點(diǎn)要想在完形填空上取得高分，平時(shí)要做以下方面的訓(xùn)練：1、進(jìn)行一定量的閱讀訓(xùn)練以提高自己的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)感和對(duì)文章的理解能力。由于完形填空重點(diǎn)考查的是一個(gè)考生的閱讀能力，因此，提高自己的閱讀能力是提高在完形填空中的得分的關(guān)鍵。閱讀能力的提高是和你閱讀的量成正比的。閱讀的量越大，你的閱讀能力就越強(qiáng)。因此，有計(jì)劃、有步驟地進(jìn)行一定量的閱讀訓(xùn)練是相當(dāng)重要的。在進(jìn)行閱讀訓(xùn)練時(shí)，除了檢測(cè)自己在閱讀中的理解情況之外，還要對(duì)閱讀文章中所出現(xiàn)的重點(diǎn)詞和詞組進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的學(xué)習(xí)和研究。對(duì)于重要的句式句型等也要進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的研究、總結(jié)并作整理和記憶。同類句型在今后的做題中肯定會(huì)多次出現(xiàn)，如不作整理和記憶則無(wú)法產(chǎn)生較好的語(yǔ)感，對(duì)于英語(yǔ)句子所表達(dá)的意思的理解只能一直停留在模糊階段，更談不上閱讀能力的快速提高，而閱讀能力得不到提高就直接影響到完形填空的正確率。2、加強(qiáng)詞匯知識(shí)方面的訓(xùn)練，努力提高詞匯的識(shí)記和理解能力。有學(xué)生以為，提高自己的詞匯知識(shí)無(wú)非就是要死記硬背詞匯表，把每一個(gè)單詞都熟記在心。其實(shí)，背誦詞匯表只是詞匯知識(shí)掌握的第一步，雖然這一步非常重要也是必不可少的。我們知道，一個(gè)單詞或詞組在具體的上下文中會(huì)有不同的意思，而許多這樣的意思也許在你的詞匯表上并沒有標(biāo)出。一個(gè)詞甚至是一個(gè)非常普通的詞，在一定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境下說(shuō)話者可能會(huì)賦予它特定的意思，從而達(dá)到某種語(yǔ)義效果。如果你缺乏一定的語(yǔ)匯訓(xùn)練，在一個(gè)不同的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中，你硬是用你從詞匯表上所背到的詞義去理解，也許會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)不理解句子所要表達(dá)的真正含義。要提高自己在詞匯知識(shí)方面的能力，首先，在熟記每一單詞的基本詞義的同時(shí)，多記一些該單詞的各種常見詞義下的重要例句；其次，平時(shí)應(yīng)多作一些記錄和積累工作，把自己從閱讀中所見到的一些所學(xué)單詞的有用的表達(dá)法記錄下來(lái)，并經(jīng)常誦讀；另外，不妨多學(xué)一些構(gòu)詞知識(shí)，如英語(yǔ)單詞中的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、前后綴、合成詞等，這些知識(shí)也可以在一定程度上提高你的詞匯知識(shí)。3、多進(jìn)行完形填空的訓(xùn)練。平時(shí)多做完形填空的訓(xùn)練可以有效地提高實(shí)戰(zhàn)能力，以充分適應(yīng)這種題型。每做完一篇完形填空，就需要認(rèn)真核對(duì)答案，找出在做題中出錯(cuò)的原因，以便采取相應(yīng)的措施，在今后做題時(shí)避免出現(xiàn)同樣的錯(cuò)。如你發(fā)現(xiàn)在做題時(shí)經(jīng)常犯詞匯理解方面的錯(cuò)誤，則你就應(yīng)該認(rèn)真記憶單詞、詞組；如你犯的是語(yǔ)篇理解方面的錯(cuò)誤，則應(yīng)當(dāng)有意識(shí)地增加你的閱讀量，以提高閱讀理解的能力。上述工作做完后，你最好不要就把這篇做好的完形填空隨手扔了，不妨把整篇文章再默記一遍，并在文章中的空缺處填上核對(duì)后的正確的詞（應(yīng)該把這些詞默寫出來(lái)，而不是對(duì)著答案照抄），再把文章反復(fù)讀幾遍。這樣做，對(duì)你做完形填空時(shí)產(chǎn)生一種良好的語(yǔ)感是很有好處的。例1：Weknowthattreesareusefulinoureverydaylife.They1usmanythings,suchaswood,oxygen,rubber,medicinesandmanyotherthings.Theycan2tellusalotaboutourclimate（氣候）.Thefollowingarethereasons（理由）.Ifyou3atree,youcanseethatithasmanyrings（年輪）.Mosttreesgrowonenewring4_year.Becauseofthisreason,weknow5atreeis.Atreeoverahundredyearsoldmeansthatithasmorethanahundred6Whentheclimateisdryorverycold,thetreesdonotgrowverymuchandtheirringsareusually7.Whenitiswetandwarm,theringsaremuchthicker.Iftheringsaresuddenlyverythinorsuddenlyverythick，thismeansthatthe8changedsuddenly.Ifwelookattheringsonthistree,wecanlearnaboutthe9forahundredyears.Wecansee10ourclimateischangingtoday.1.A.tellB.askC.giveD.get2.A.notB.tooC.toD.also3.A.cutacrossB.climbupC.walkpastD.lookat4.A.everyB.manyC.thefirstD.from5.A.howbigB.howlongC.howoldD.howmuch6.A.treesB.leavesC.peopleD.rings7.A.bigB.thickC.smallD.thin8.A.climateB.treesC.ringsD.animal9.A.peopleB.thingsC.climateD.life

10.A.howB.whyC.when10.A.howB.whyC.whenD.while例2：Greenlandisthelargestislandintheworld.Itisinthe1ofEurope.NearGreenlandisanotherisland.Itissmall.Its2isIceland.DoyouthinkthatGreenlandisgreenandwarm?DoyouthinkthatIcelandiswhitewithice?Ifyoudo,youare3.NotmanypeopleliveonthebigislandofGreenland.There4morepeopleinyourhometownthaninallofGreenland.ThatisbecauseGreenlandisnotgreen.Greenlandis5.Mostoftheislandiscoveredwithlotsofice.TheicecoveringGreenlandis6thantheworld'stallestbuilding.What7Iceland?IsitcolderthanGreenland?No,itisnot.Icelandhasice,butnotsomuchice_8Greenland.Ithasalotofhotsprings（泉）.Theygiveouthotwaterandsteam（水蒸汽）.Theclimate（氣候）isnotas9asGreenland.Andtherearealot10peoplewholiveinIceland.1.A.eastB.westC.northD.south2.A.villageB.nameC.farmD.town3.A.wrongB.cleverC.rightD.bright4.A.mustbeB.areC.isD.be5.A.yellowB.brownC.blueD.white6.A.morehigherB.highC.highestD.higher7.A.ofB.inC.aboutD.on8.A.asB.likeC.thanD.then9.A.warmB.coldC.notD.cool10.A.manyB.muchC.moreD.most例3：Joewantedacomputer.Heaskedhis1forthemoneyandtheysaidhemustgetithimself.Buthowdidhegetit?He2aboutthiswhenhewalkedhome.Notmanypeoplewantedtoaskchildrentoworkforthem.Maybehecouldtakeawaysnowfortheneighbors（鄰居）.Butthiswasnot3.Hehadtowaitalongtimeforthat.Hecouldn'tcutgrassfortheirgardens4hehadnotools（工具）todotheworkwith.Thenhesawoneofhisclassmates,Dick,delivering（送）5.Icoulddothat,hethought.MaybeIcouldevengetthecomputer6away.Icouldpay7italittleeachweek.Heranto8upwithDick.Joeaskedhimalotofquestions.Helearnedthatitwas9togettwenty-fivedollarseachweek.Helearnedthatthejob（工作）took10threehourseachnight.Dick11himthephonenumberofthenewspapermanager（經(jīng)理）.Joealmostflewhome.Afterhehadtoldhismother12hethought,she13.“Ithinkitisa14idea,"shesaid,“I'llcallthenewspaper..“Wait,Mum,”Joesaid,“I'llcall.Afterthat,I'mgoingtobeabusinessmannow.”Joe'smothersmiled15.1.A.teachersB.parentsC.classmatesD.friends2.A.saidB.toldC.thoughtD.spoke3.A.springB.summerC.autumnD.winter4.A.becauseB.whenC.whileD.after5.A.newspaperB.bikesC.computersD.tools6.A.nowB.rightC.justD.only7.A.onB.toC.ofD.for

8.A.takeB.catchC.carryD.get9.A.friendlyB.kindC.possibleD.wrong10.A.atB.aboutC.beforeD.after11.A.taughtB.gaveC.madeD.asked12.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.where13.A.smiledB.shoutedC.criedD.worried14.A.bigB.largeC.greatD.bad15.A.sadlyB.happilyC.politelyD.angrily例4：Thesedaysitisfoundthatschoolstudentshardlyhaveanysports.Isitbecausetheyhaveno1insports?Itmaynotbetrue.Theyoftensaytheyhave2moreimportantthingstodo.Whataretheseimportantthings?Exams!Theyhaveto3themselvesreadyforallkindsofexamsandtestsinschool.Somanyofthemalmost4bookworms（書呆子）.Inthepastinthesummerholidays,theycoulddo5theyliked,butnowtheyhaveto6alltheirtimepreparing.So7havekeptthemawayfromgoinginforsports.Becauseofthepressure（壓力）from8parentsandteachers,they9toworkharderandspendmostoftheirtime10books.Asforthestudentsthemselves,theydon'twantto11thelessonsbecausetheywanttofurthertheirstudies.Soitisnecessarytogive12oftheirsparetimetotheirstudiesand13uptheirschoolsports.It'strueagoodeducationcannotgowithoutphysicaltraining,the14istrue,aquickmindhardlygoesalongwitha15body.Withoutastrongbody,youcanneverdoanythingwell,howcanyoumakegreatsuccessinlife?1.A.interestsB.interestedC.interestingD.interest2.A.anotherB.otherC.muchD.some3.A.makeB.haveC.getD.let4.A.turnB.growC.lookD.become5.A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing6.A.giveB.spendC.takeD.cost7.A.teachersB.parentsC.studiesD.holidays8.A.hisB.one'sC.theirD.other's9.A.tryB.hopeC.haveD.enjoy10.A.inB.atC.toD.on11.A.missB.loseC.leaveD.fail12.A.fewB.anyC.allD.none13.A.giveB.takeC.putD.send14.A.thingB.sameC.wordD.kind15.A.strongB.heavyC.weakD.ill例5：Haveyoueveraskedyourselfwhychildrengotoschool?Youwillprobably__1__theygotolearnlanguages,geography,history,scienceandall2subjects.Thatisquite__3—,but_4—dotheylearnthesethings?Wesendourchildrentoschoolto__5__themfortheirfutureworkandlife.Nearlyeverythingtheystudyatschoolhassomepracticaluse__6__theirlife,butisthatthe7reasontheygotoschool?

Thereis8ineducationthanjustlearningfacts.Wegotoschoolaboveall__.9__howtolearn,sothatwhenwehaveleftschoolwecangoonlearning.Ifamanreallyknows__10__,hewillalwaysbesuccessful,becausewheneverhehastodo__11__hewillquicklyteachhimselfhowtodoitinthebestway.Theuneducatedperson,ontheother__12__,is__13unabletodoit,ordoesitbadly,sothepupilsofschoolisnotjust__14languages,geography,science,etc,buttoteachpupilsthe.15tolearn.1.A.speakB.sayC.talkD.tell2.A.theB.otherC.theotherD.otherthe3.A.trueB.realC.factD.wrong4.A.howB.whereC.whyD.what5.A.stopB.askC.readyD.prepare6.A.atB.inC.onD.with7.A.bestB.onlyC.justD.first8.A.manyB.muchC.moreD.most9.A.learnB.tolearnC.learningD.learnedA.howtolearnB.whytolearnC.howdoeshelearnD.whydoeshelearnA.anythingnewB.somethingnewC.newanythingD.newsomething12.A.wayB.wordC.footD.hand13.A.bothB.eitherC.neitherD.not14.A.learnB.tolearnC.teachD.toteach15.A.subjectsB.reasonsC.wayD.knowledge例6：Doyouknowhowtostudy1andmakeyourstudymoreeffective（有效的）？WeallknowthatChinesestudentsusuallystudyveryhardforlong2,Thisisverygood,butitdoesn't3alot,foraneffectivestudentmusthaveenoughsleep,enoughfoodandenoughrestand4.Everydayyouneedtogooutforawalkorvisitsomefriendsorsomeniceplaces.It'sgoodforyour5.Whenyoureturn6yourstudies,yourmindwillberefreshed（清醒）andyou'lllearnmore7studybetter.Psychologists（心理學(xué)家）8thatlearningtakesplacethisway.HeretakeEnglishlearning9anexample.Firstyoumakealotofprogressandyoufeelhappy.Thenyourlanguagestudyseems_10.thesame.Soyouwillthinkyou'relearning11.andyoumaygiveup.Thiscanlastfordaysorevenweeks,yetyou12giveup,andatsomepointyourlanguagestudywillagaintakeanotherbig13.You'llseethatyoureallyhavebeenlearningallalong.Ifyougetenoughsleep,food,restandexercise,studying,Englishcanbeveryeffectiveand14.Don'tgiveupalongtheway.Learn15youaresuretogetagoodresult（結(jié)果）.1.A.wellB.goodC.betterD.best2.A.daysB.timeC.hoursD.weeks3.A.helpB.giveC.makeD.take4.A.exerciseB.homeworkC.runningD.clothes5.A.healthB.bodyC.studyD.life6.A.afterB.forC.atD.to7.A.yetB.andC.orD.but8.A.havefoundB.havetaughtC.toldD.said

9.A.withB.forC.asD.to10.A.tohaveB.tomakeC.totakeD.tostay11.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything12.A.mustn'tB.couldn'tC.needn'tD.maynot13.A.workB.jumpC.walkD.result14.A.hardB.commonC.possibleD.interesting15.A.slowlyB.fastC.quicklyD.happily例7:Therewasonceamillionairewholovedmoneythananythingelseintheworld.Hedidn'tknowexactlyhowmuchhehad,sohetookonalittlegirlto1allhismoneyforhim.It2thelittlegirlsixdaystocountallthemoney.Whenshetoldthemillionairethathehadforty-two3dollars,hewas4withjoyandasked,“Howmuch5doyouwant?"Hethoughtthat6shewasonlyachild,hecould7herintotakingaverysmallamountofmoney.Thegirlsaid,“well,Iworkedforsixdays,soIthinkyou8paymeforsixdays.Givemetwopenniesforthefirstday.Eachdayafterthat,justgivemetheamountyougivemethedaybefore,multipliedbyitself.The9thoughtthatinthis10hewouldonlyhavetogivehera11dollars.Whata12littlegirl!Soimmediately,he13hislawyersignupthecontract,fearingthatshewouldchangeher14.Onthefirstdaythemillionairepaidhertwopennies,andonthesecondday,twopenniestimestwopennies,orfourpennies.Eachdayafterthat,hegaveher15numberofpennieshehadgivenherthedaybefore,multipliedbyitself.Andbythesixthday,thefoolishmillionairehadtogivethecleverlittlegirlallhismoney.1.A.bringB.countC.sendD.hide2.A.hadB.neededC.gotD.took3.A.millionB.dozenC.thousandD.hundred4.A.prideB.wildC.surprisedD.moved5.A.dollarsB.numberC.timeD.pay6.A.asifB.thoughC.ifD.because7.A.warnB.adviseC.cheatD.set8.A.couldB.wouldC.shouldD.might9.A.girlB.millionaireC.twoD.people10.A.measureB.wayC.pointD.means11.A.fewB.littleC.lessD.much12.A.niceB.cleverC.fineD.foolish13.A.orderedB.askedC.hadD.persuaded14.A.mindB.heartC.wordD.plan15.A.goodB.greatC.aD.the例8：ThereisaholidaynextweekandIcan'tdecidewhattodo.Ihavealotofworktodo1andthiswouldbeagoodchance（機(jī)會(huì)）2.ButIdon'tlike3theholidayinthisway.Icanworkathomealltherestoftheyear.LastyearIwent_4_tothemountains._5_

therewasbeautiful,butitistoocoldthistimeofyear.Andit'sreally__6__fartogoforashortholiday.Idecide7thisisn'tagoodtimeto__8_themountains.ButI9togosomewhereelse.Perhapsthiswouldbeagoodchancetogotothebeach（海濱）.Iliketogoforwalks__10__theseashore11thewarmsunshineandwatchthewater.It'sonlyeightmilesandIcouldgetthere12__abouttwohours.Afterthinkingit__13-,Iamsurethatthisisa__14__timefortheseashorethan15.1.A.athomeB.athouseC.inschoolD.infactory2.A.doitB.doingthatC.todoitD.withthat3.A.topassB.tospendC.havingD.asking4.A.thenorthB.ornorthC.northD.tonorth5.A.NothingB.EverythingC.SomebodyD.Agirl6.A.veryB.enoughC.ratherD.too7.A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.when8.A.goB.gotoC.arriveD.leave9.A.dowantB.shallwantC.wantedD.amwanting10.A.onB.byC.besideD.along11.A.onB.duringC.inD.under12.A.inB.forC.withD.after13.A.inB.outC.overD.on14.A.goodB.fineC.betterD.best15.A.homeB.themountainsC.bigcitiesD.countryvillages例9：:MyfamilyspentafewweeksinLondonlastyear.Wewentthereintheautumn.Wethinkitisthe1seasontovisitEngland.Theweatherisusuallyquitegood2therearenottoomany3inOctober.Westayedinasmall4intheWestEnd.We5mostofoursightseeingonfoot.Wewenttolookattheplaceswhichalltravelerswouldliketo6.Wewentshoppingandspenttoomuchmoney7alotofthings.Whatwelikedmostwasgoingtothe8.Wedidn'thavethechancetoseesuchthere9_playsathome.AlotofpeoplesayEnglish10isverybad.Wedidn'tthinkso.Itis11thatmostoftherestaurantsareFrench,Italian,orChinese,butBritainhadsomevery_12meals.thereagainthisyear.Butwearegoingtotakeourumbrellas.I'msurewe'llneedthem1.A.busiestB.workingC.bestD.hottest2.A.andB.orC.asD.so3.A.playersB.travelersC.placesD.things4.A.stationB.hotelC.officeD.cinema5.A.missedB.showedC.usedD.did6.A.lookB.watchC.seeD.notice7.A.buyingB.buyC.boughtD.tobuy8.A.shopsB.cinemasC.restaurantsD.theatres9.A.wellB.wonderfulC.terribleD.sadInfact,we13ourholidaysomuchthatwehavealreadydecidedto1415

10.A.language11.A.impossible10.A.language11.A.impossible12.A.delicious13.A.spent14.A.live15.A.sometimefilmtruepoorenjoyedeatsometimesclothesimportantfreshpaidgosom