考研考博-英語(yǔ)-保山學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-保山學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

The（

）physicisthasbeenchallengedbyothersinhisfield.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.respectable

B.respectful

C.respective

D.respecting

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)respectable“可敬的，值得尊敬的”；B選項(xiàng)respectful“尊敬的，有禮貌的”；C選項(xiàng)respective“各自的，分別的”；D選項(xiàng)respecting“尊敬，尊重”。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)的意思，可知A選項(xiàng)最符合句意。句意：這位受人尊敬的物理學(xué)家在他的領(lǐng)域受到了其他人的挑戰(zhàn)。

2.單選題

Theseillegalimmigrantshavetoworklonghoursadaydespitetheappallingworkingconditions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bewildering

B.exasperating

C.dismaying

D.upsetting

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。appalling表示“可怕的，令人震驚的”；A項(xiàng)bewildering“使人困惑的”，B項(xiàng)exasperating“使人惱怒的”，C項(xiàng)dismaying“令人震驚的，令人驚恐的”，D項(xiàng)upsetting“令人心煩意亂的”。句意：盡管工作條件惡劣，這些非法移民每天還是得工作很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。根據(jù)句意可知，選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

OnOctober11th,1994,JohnForbesNash,Jr.wontheNobelPrizeforpioneeringworkingametheory.

NashbeganhisPh.D.atPrincetonin1948whenhewasjust20.Whilehewasstillonly21,liewrotea27doctoraldissertationongametheory(博弈論)——themathematicsofcompetition.ThegreatJohnvonNeuman,thenatPrinceton,hadtreatedwin-losecompetitions.NowNashshowedhowtoconstructmathematicalsituationsinwhichbothsideswon.Hefoundstablesituationswherenopersoncontinuestoprofitfromcompetition.

Nashintroducedsomethingtotallynew.Andhedrewtheattentionoftheoreticaleconomists.Theyturnedgametheoryintoatool.Thisyounggeniushadsucceeded.

HewentontoMITandforeightyearsgreatlyimpressedthemathematicalworld.Heworkedineconomics.HeeveninventedthegameofHex,marketedbyparkerBrothers.Hemarriedin1957.NewYorkTimeswriterSilviaNasartellshowFortuneMagazinesingledhimoutinJuly1958asAmerica'sbrilliantyoungstarofthe“newmathematics”.Everythingwasgoingsmoothly.

Then,disaster!Mentalillnessovertookhim.He’donceastonishedmathematicianswithhisunlikelyresults.Nowhisresultsstoppedmakingsense,andthedividinglinewasn’tclearatfirst.Hebeganlookingforsecretmessagesinnumbers.

Psychologistsofthe1950sclaimedthathiswife’spregnancyhadtippedhimovertheedge.Nicethingtolayonawomanalreadystressedtotheedgebyherhusband’scollapse!Themarriageended,butshehousedhim,backinPrinceton.

For25years,mentalillnesscontrolledJohnNash.Itwasinthemid-1980sthatNashatlastlearnedtomanagehisillnessand,onceagain,hecoulddomathematics.Meanwhile,gametheoryhadbecomeastapletoolofbusinessandeconomics.AllthewritinginthatfieldpointsbacktoNash'sseminalwork.Finally,NashreceivedtheNobelPrizeineconomics.

1.NashwontheNobelPrize（

）.

2.Theword“They”(Para.3)refersto

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.WhydoyouthinkNashmadehisachievementinthefieldofmathematicsbutwashonoredwiththeNobelPrizeforeconomicsinstead?

5.Thepurposeofthisarticlemightbe（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forpioneeringworkinestablishingatheory

B.forcombiningmathematicswitheconomics

C.forgreatlyimpressingthemathematicalworldfor8years

D.forhismerit

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theoreticaleconomists

B.Nashandhiscolleagues

C.Nashandotherscientists

D.competitors

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Nash’swifedivorcedhim,butgavehimahouseasagift.

B.Nash’swifeagreedthatherpregnancycontributedtoNash’smentalcollapse.

C.Theauthorthinksit’srighttoblameNash’swifeforhismentalcollapse.

D.Theauthorthinksit’sunfairtoblameNash’swifeforhismentalcollapse.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausehisgametheorydrewtheattentionoftheoreticaleconomists.

B.Becausehisgametheoryhasbecomeastapletoolofbusinessandeconomics.

C.Becauseheturnedhisgametheoryintoatool.

D.BecauseNashwasaneconomist.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.totellastoryofamathematicsgenius

B.todepictamathematicsgenius

C.totellthereadersaboutJohnForbesNash.Jr.

D.totellhowNashconqueredhismentalillness

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“JohnForbesNash,Jr.因博弈論的開(kāi)創(chuàng)性工作獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)?！边x項(xiàng)A符合原文。

第2題:語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容“Nashintroducedsomethingtotallynew.Andhedrewtheattentionoftheoreticaleconomists.Theyturnedgametheoryintoatool.”Nash介紹了一些全新的東西。他引起了理論經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的注意。他們把博弈論變成了一種工具。由此可知，這里的“they”指的是上句中的“theoreticaleconomists”。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Themarriageended,butshehousedhim,backinPrinceton.”離婚后，他的妻子把他安置在普林斯頓。而不是送了一套房子給他，所以選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Psychologistsofthe1950sclaimedthathiswife’spregnancyhadtippedhimovertheedge.”20世紀(jì)50年代的心理學(xué)家們聲稱(chēng)，他妻子的懷孕讓他陷入了崩潰的邊緣。但原文并沒(méi)有說(shuō)這是導(dǎo)致他精神崩潰的原因，所以選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤；再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Nicethingtolayonawomanalreadystressedtotheedgebyherhusband’scollapse!”雖然英文表達(dá)為感嘆句，但其實(shí)這里應(yīng)該翻譯為：將責(zé)任歸因于一位因精神崩潰的丈夫而背負(fù)巨大壓力的女性真的好嗎？潛在意思是說(shuō)，這是不公平的，所以選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤，選項(xiàng)D正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段最后幾句“Meanwhile,gametheoryhadbecomeastapletoolofbusinessandeconomics.AllthewritinginthatfieldpointsbacktoNash'sseminalwork.Finally,NashreceivedtheNobelPrizeineconomics.”與此同時(shí)，博弈論已經(jīng)成為商業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的主要工具。相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的所有文章都基于Nash具有重大意義的研究成果。最后，Nash獲得了諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。由此可知，是因?yàn)镹ash的博弈論已經(jīng)成為商業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的主要工具，所以他獲得的是諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)獎(jiǎng)。選項(xiàng)B正確。

第5題:主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是Nash的一生。他雖然精通數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域，但他獲得的卻是諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)獎(jiǎng)。所以選項(xiàng)A和B錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)D“講述Nash是如何戰(zhàn)勝精神疾病的”只是他人生的一部分，所以選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。

4.單選題

Somemightconsideritanuglytruththatattractivepeopleareoftenmoresuccessfulthanthose________blessedwithlooks.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.less

B.more

C.most

D.least

【答案】A

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。根據(jù)題干中more…than結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格處應(yīng)填寫(xiě)比較級(jí)與之對(duì)應(yīng)，因此排除C和D。而attractive與blessedwithlooks表達(dá)同義，無(wú)法比較，因此空格處應(yīng)選擇否定意義。句意：有些人可能會(huì)認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)丑陋的事實(shí)，有吸引力的人往往比那些顏值沒(méi)那么高的人更成功。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Letusgetoutquickly.Itisnogood____time.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.waste

B.towaste

C.wasting

D.tohavewasted

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.waste浪費(fèi)B.towaste浪費(fèi)

C.wasting浪費(fèi)D.tohavewasted浪費(fèi)

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配

【解題思路】本題考查的是固定句型：It/Thereisnogooddoingsth.=Itdoesnogoodtodosth.“做什么是沒(méi)用的?！币虼?，C選項(xiàng)wasting“浪費(fèi)”，符合要求。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)不符合句型搭配。

【句意】我們趕快出去。浪費(fèi)時(shí)間是沒(méi)用的。

6.單選題

Mobileofficeisthemutualproductofeconomic,scientific,andsocialprogress.Mobileofficehasbecomeasolutionthatprovidesuserswithconvenient,prompt,safe,reliable,andreasonablypricedcommunicationsandofficefacultyanywhereanytimeviathesupportofmobileinterconnectionplatform(MIP)anditsapplicationssystems.

Whenyouleaveyourofficetoattendmeetingsortravelonbusiness,whatwouldhappentoyourbusinessroutine?Ofcourse,faxesande-mailswouldbestillsenttoyourfaxmachineore-mailbox,butyoucannotreadthemandmakepromptreactiontimely.Whenyourclientsneedyoutomakesomeurgentmodificationsonyourworkandyouareneitherintheofficenorcarryingrelevantdocuments,whatcanyoudo?Maybeyouhavetosay"sorry"totheclients.Butyourbusinesswillbeaffected,theclientswillbeunhappyanddisappointedbecauseofyourdelay,andyouwilllosealotofbusinessopportunities.

Infact,veryfrequently,youneedtocheck,reply,distribute,display,modify,orreadsomematerialswhenyouarenotinyouroffice.Youmustgetoutofthisdilemma.Thebestsolutiontonormallyhandleyourbusinessanywhereanytimeandnottodisappointyourclientsistoletyouroffice"move"withyou.Thus,youcanhaveconvenient,prompt,safe,reliable,andreasonablypricedcommunicationsandofficefacultyanywhereanytime.Withthedevelopmentofcommunicationstechnology,networkapplication,andwirelessinterconnection,mobileofficehasbecomesimplerandsmaller,andevencanberealizedviaonemobilephonewithdatacommunicationsfunction.Thus,mobileofficehasalreadybeenputintoyourpocket,andofficemobilityhasbeenrealized.

Mobileofficehasprovidedpeoplewithconvenient,casualworkingenvironment,butatthesametimeitstillhassomeunsatisfactoryaspectssuchasmismatchingequipmentinterfaceandinadequatebattery.Nevertheless,webelievethatwithtechnicalprogress,peoplecancertainlyovercomeallkindsofdifficulties.Mobileofficewillmakeyourcareerunimpeded,andwillrealizethedreamofcompletelyfreecommunication.Userswillenjoymorecolorfullifeandbetterworkingenvironment,andusers'livingstandard,workingefficiency,andevenenterprises’productionefficiencywillcertainlybeimmenselyraised.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

2.Welearnfromthepassagethatwithoutmobileoffice,（）.

3.Thepassagesuggeststhatmobileofficeisnecessary,especiallywhen（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementbestexpressesthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?

5.Intheeyesoftheauthor,mobileoffice（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mobileofficeistheonlywaybywhichpeoplecouldenjoypromptandsafeworkingenvironment

B.withthedevelopmentofscience,mobileofficecomestoourlifeinevitably

C.peoplehadnoconvenientandreliablecommunicationsandofficefacultybefore

D.mobileinterconnectionplatformanditsapplicationsystemsisthecoreofmobileoffice

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.youcannotputyourbusinessroutineasideorattendmeetings

B.youcannotreadfaxesande-mailswhenyoutravelonbusiness

C.youcannotmakeapologiestotheclientsforyourdelay

D.youcannotcatchanybusinessopportunitiesbecauseofbadworkingcondition

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.youneedtomakesomeurgentmodificationonyourwork

B.youneedtoreadandreplyfaxesande-mails

C.youareoutoftheofficetoattendmeetings

D.youcanputthemobileofficeintoyourpocket

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Whenyouleaveyouroffice,youshouldnotforgetyourbusinessroutine.

B.Youwilllosealotofbusinessopportunitiesifyoualwaysdelayyourwork.

C.Whenyouleaveyouroffice,yourbusinessroutinewouldbeharmed.

D.Whenyoucannotmeettheneedofyourclients,youshouldsay“sorry”.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.hassomefatalshortcomings

B.istooexpensivetoafford

C.wouldberealizedinthefuture

D.hasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Mobileofficehasbecomeasolutionthatprovidesuserswithconvenient,prompt,safe,reliable,andreasonablypricedcommunicationsandofficefacultyanywhereanytimeviathesupportofmobileinterconnectionplatform(MIP)anditsapplicationssystems.移動(dòng)辦公通過(guò)移動(dòng)互聯(lián)平臺(tái)（MIP）及其應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的支持，已成為一種為用戶(hù)提供方便、及時(shí)、安全、可靠、價(jià)格合理的通信和辦公能力的解決方案。”可知D項(xiàng)“移動(dòng)互聯(lián)平臺(tái)及其應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)是移動(dòng)辦公的核心”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Whatwouldhappentoyourbusinessroutine?Ofcourse,faxesande-mailswouldbestillsenttoyourfaxmachineore-mailbox,butyoucannotreadthemandmakepromptreactiontimely.你的日常工作會(huì)發(fā)生什么?當(dāng)然，傳真和電子郵件仍然會(huì)發(fā)送到你的傳真機(jī)或電子信箱，但你不能及時(shí)閱讀并且做出迅速反應(yīng)。”可知B項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“Infact,veryfrequently,youneedtocheck,reply,distribute,display,modify,orreadsomematerialswhenyouarenotinyouroffice.Youmustgetoutofthisdilemma.Thebestsolutiontonormallyhandleyourbusinessanywhereanytimeandnottodisappointyourclientsistoletyouroffice"move"withyou.事實(shí)上，當(dāng)你不在辦公室的時(shí)候，你經(jīng)常需要檢查、回復(fù)、分發(fā)、展示、修改或閱讀一些材料。你必須擺脫這種困境。要想在任何時(shí)間、任何地點(diǎn)正常處理業(yè)務(wù)，又不讓客戶(hù)失望，最好的辦法就是讓你的辦公室隨你一起“移動(dòng)”?！笨芍?dāng)不在辦公室里時(shí)，最需要移動(dòng)辦公。故C項(xiàng)正確。AB兩項(xiàng)都缺乏一個(gè)前提即人不在辦公室。D項(xiàng)與題干無(wú)關(guān)。

4.主旨大意題。第二段主要講述了當(dāng)你離開(kāi)辦公室去出差或參加會(huì)議時(shí)，如果沒(méi)有移動(dòng)辦公，你的日常商務(wù)活動(dòng)會(huì)受影響。故C項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段“Mobileofficehasprovidedpeoplewithconvenient,casualworkingenvironment,butatthesametimeitstillhassomeunsatisfactoryaspectssuchasmismatchingequipmentinterfaceandinadequatebattery.移動(dòng)辦公為人們提供了方便、隨意的工作環(huán)境，但同時(shí)也存在著設(shè)備接口不匹配、電池不足等不盡人意的方面?！笨芍髡哒J(rèn)為移動(dòng)辦公既有優(yōu)點(diǎn)也有缺點(diǎn)。故D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

7.單選題

Astheeconomygrew,anincreasingsenseofsamenessprevailedinAmericansociety.Thiswasthegreatageofconformity,whenmembersofallsocialgroupslearnedtoimitatethosearoundthemratherthanstrikeoutontheirown.Third-and-fourth-generationethnicAmericansbecamemuchmorealike.Withimmigrationslowedtoatrickleafter1924,andtiestoEuropeweakened,assimilationoccurred.Televisioncontributedtogrowingconformitybyprovidingyoungandoldwithcommon,sharedvisuallyattractiveexperience.Escapingtheassimilatingtendencieswasdifficult.SociologistDavidRiesmanpointedoutthatintheclassicnurseryrhyme“ThisLittlePigWenttoMarket,”eachpigwenthisownway.“Today,however,alllittlepigsgotomarket;nonestayhome;allhaveroastbeef,ifanydo;andallsay‘we-we.’”

Thewillingnesstoconformtogroupnormsaffectedcollegesanduniversities,wherecautiousstudentssoughtsecurity.Theyjoinedfraternitiesandsororitiesandengagedinpantyraidsandotherpranks,buttooklittleinterestinworldaffairs.“Iobserve,”YalepresidentA.WhitneyGriswoldtoldagraduatingclassin1950,“thatyousharetheprevailingmoodofthehour,whichinyourcaseconsistsofbargainsprivatelymadewithfate—onfate’sterms.”

Americansinthepostwaryearsdiscoveredasharedreligioussenseandreturnedtotheirchurchesinrecordnumbers.Churchmembershipdoubledbetween1945and1970.Inpart,churchattendancereflectedadesiretochallenge“godlesscommunism”attheheightoftheColdWarandtofindsomerelieffromthethreatofanuclearwar;inpart,itresultedfromthepowerofsuggestionthatledAmericanstodowhatothersdid.Religionalsoseemedtoreinforcetheimportanceoffamilylife.Asonesloganputit,“Thefamilythatpraystogetherstaystogether.”Moreover,religionbecameincreasinglyappealing.EvangelistBillyGraham,oftenintroducedas“amanwithGod’smessageforthesecrisisdays,”preachedtomillionsathisrevivals.Hecapitalizedonthemedia,usingradio,television,andfilmtospreadhismessage.Bytheendofthe1950s,fully95percentofallAmericansidentifiedwithsomereligiousdenomination.

46.Accordingtothecontext,wecanguessthat“thegreatageofconformity”roughlymeanstheerawhen______.

47.SociologistDavidRiesman’sremarksrevealed______.

48.WhatYalepresidentsaidshowsthatcollegestudents______.

49.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,largechurchattendanceseemstohavetodowithallofthefollowingexcept______.

50.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.peoplefromallwalksoflifetooklittleinterestinworldaffairs

B.allsocialmemberstendedtoactthewayothersdid

C.theyoungandtheoldlearnedtonarrowtheirdifferencesandtolerateeachother

D.religionplayedanimportantroleinreinforcingtheimportanceoffamilylife

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thechangeinthedietofAmericans

B.differencesinAmericans’opinionsonnurseryeducation

C.theeffectsofeconomicgrowthonAmerican’habitsandcustoms

D.theprevailingtrendtowardsassimilationinAmericansociety

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.gaveupstrugglingforabetterfuture

B.werestrugglinghardforabetterfuture

C.wereonlyinterestedinstudents’organizations

D.werefavoredbyfate

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Americans’keenerawarenessoftheimportanceoffamilylife

B.theever-growingattractionofreligionforAmericans

C.Americans’resolvetogivefullsupporttotheColdWar

D.thegraveinternationalsituationofthetime

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.America:ADifferentSocietyfromthePast

B.SpreadofReligioninPostwarYears

C.Religion:AnImportantAspectofAmericanLife

D.ConformityinAmericanSociety

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】46.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

46.Accordingtothecontext,wecanguessthat“thegreatageofconformity”roughlymeanstheerawhen______.46.根據(jù)上下文，我們可以猜測(cè)“從眾的大時(shí)代”大致上指的是______時(shí)代。

A.peoplefromallwalksoflifetooklittleinterestinworldaffairsA.各行各業(yè)的人對(duì)世界事務(wù)不感興趣

B.allsocialmemberstendedtoactthewayothersdidB.所有社會(huì)成員都傾向于模仿他人的行為方式

C.theyoungandtheoldlearnedtonarrowtheirdifferencesandtolerateeachotherC.年輕人和老年人學(xué)會(huì)了縮小他們的差異并互相容忍

D.religionplayedanimportantroleinreinforcingtheimportanceoffamilylifeD.宗教在加強(qiáng)家庭生活重要性方面發(fā)揮了重要作用

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)thegreatageofconformity定位至第一段第二句“這是一個(gè)從眾的大時(shí)代（thegreatageofconformity），所有社會(huì)群體的成員都學(xué)會(huì)了模仿他們周?chē)娜?，而不是開(kāi)創(chuàng)屬于自己的想法（imitatethosearoundthemratherthanstrikeoutontheirown）”，理解可知，thegreatageofconformity（從眾的大時(shí)代）就是所有社會(huì)群體成員模仿他人行為的時(shí)代。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

C選項(xiàng)“年輕人和老年人學(xué)會(huì)了縮小他們的差異并互相容忍”沒(méi)提到，無(wú)中生有；

A選項(xiàng)“各行各業(yè)的人對(duì)世界事務(wù)不感興趣”和D選項(xiàng)“宗教在加強(qiáng)家庭生活重要性方面發(fā)揮了重要作用”與題干無(wú)關(guān)，張冠李戴。

47.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

47.SociologistDavidRiesman’sremarksrevealed______.47.社會(huì)學(xué)家大衛(wèi)?里斯曼的評(píng)論揭示了______。

A.thechangeinthedietofAmericansA.美國(guó)人飲食的變化

B.differencesinAmericans’opinionsonnurseryeducationB.美國(guó)人對(duì)幼兒園教育的看法不同

C.theeffectsofeconomicgrowthonAmerican’habitsandcustomsC.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)對(duì)美國(guó)人生活習(xí)慣的影響

D.theprevailingtrendtowardsassimilationinAmericansocietyD.美國(guó)社會(huì)同化的流行趨勢(shì)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句“社會(huì)學(xué)家DavidRiesman指出，在經(jīng)典的童謠《這只小豬去市場(chǎng)》中，每只豬都走自己的路；然而，今天所有的（all）小豬都去市場(chǎng)了，沒(méi)有一個(gè)待在家里；如果有的話，他們都（all）吃烤牛肉，都（all）說(shuō)‘we-we’?！?，其中多次使用了all一詞，結(jié)合上文提到的同化傾向，社會(huì)學(xué)家大衛(wèi)?里斯曼的評(píng)論揭示了美國(guó)當(dāng)今越來(lái)越盛行的同化趨勢(shì)。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人飲食的變化”和B選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人對(duì)幼兒園教育的看法不同”表述曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)對(duì)美國(guó)人生活習(xí)慣的影響”中的“生活習(xí)慣”太片面，以偏概全。

48.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

48.WhatYalepresidentsaidshowsthatcollegestudents______.48.耶魯大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)所說(shuō)的表明大學(xué)生______。

A.gaveupstrugglingforabetterfutureA.放棄了為美好的未來(lái)奮斗

B.werestrugglinghardforabetterfutureB.是在為一個(gè)更好的未來(lái)而奮斗

C.wereonlyinterestedinstudents’organizationsC.只對(duì)學(xué)生組織感興趣

D.werefavoredbyfateD.被命運(yùn)所眷顧

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位到第二段最后一句關(guān)于耶魯大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)所說(shuō)的話“我注意到，你當(dāng)時(shí)有同樣的主導(dǎo)情緒（prevailingmood），就你而言，這是在命運(yùn)的條件下與命運(yùn)私下達(dá)成的交易”，prevailingmood指的是上文“謹(jǐn)慎的學(xué)生為了尋求安全感而參與各種惡作劇”，其中提到了buttooklittleinterestinworldaffairs（但是對(duì)世界事務(wù)不感興趣）；綜合理解可知，耶魯大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)說(shuō)這一句話是表明大學(xué)生放棄了為美好未來(lái)生活的奮斗。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“是在為一個(gè)更好的未來(lái)而奮斗”與原文相反，反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“只對(duì)學(xué)生組織感興趣”表述與原文不符，文中雖然提到學(xué)生會(huì)參加一些學(xué)生組織，但這是因?yàn)樗麄兿胍獙で蟀踩?，而不是感興趣，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“被命運(yùn)所眷顧”沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，無(wú)中生有。

49.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

49.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,largechurchattendanceseemstohavetodowithallofthefollowingexcept______.49.根據(jù)第三段，大量的出席教會(huì)似乎與下列事情有關(guān)，除了______。

A.Americans’keenerawarenessoftheimportanceoffamilylifeA.美國(guó)人更加意識(shí)到家庭生活的重要性

B.theever-growingattractionofreligionforAmericansB.宗教對(duì)美國(guó)人日益增長(zhǎng)的吸引力

C.Americans’resolvetogivefullsupporttotheColdWarC.美國(guó)全力支持冷戰(zhàn)的決心

D.thegraveinternationalsituationofthetimeD.當(dāng)時(shí)嚴(yán)峻的國(guó)際形勢(shì)

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位至文章第三段，第三句提到“在某種程度上，去教堂做禮拜反映了一種渴望，即在冷戰(zhàn)高峰時(shí)期挑戰(zhàn)‘無(wú)神論的共產(chǎn)主義’（challenge‘godlesscommunism’），并從核戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的威脅中尋求某種解脫”，從challenge“godlesscommunism”（挑戰(zhàn)“無(wú)神論的共產(chǎn)主義”）可以看出，當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)參與教會(huì)部分原因是挑戰(zhàn)蘇聯(lián)的無(wú)神論共產(chǎn)主義，所以C項(xiàng)與原文相反。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人更加意識(shí)到家庭生活的重要性”定位第三段第四句“宗教似乎也加強(qiáng)了家庭生活的重要性（reinforcetheimportanceoffamilylife）”，可知該項(xiàng)與原文相符；

B選項(xiàng)“宗教對(duì)美國(guó)人日益增長(zhǎng)的吸引力”定位第六句“此外，宗教變得越來(lái)越有吸引力（increasinglyappealing）”，可知該項(xiàng)與原文相符；

D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)時(shí)嚴(yán)峻的國(guó)際形勢(shì)”從第三句中“挑戰(zhàn)‘無(wú)神論共產(chǎn)主義’”和“從核戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的威脅中尋求某種解脫”可以看出，該項(xiàng)也正確。

50.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

50.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?50.下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以作為這篇文章的合適標(biāo)題？

A.America:ADifferentSocietyfromthePast

A.美國(guó)：一個(gè)與過(guò)去不同的社會(huì)

B.SpreadofReligioninPostwarYears

B.戰(zhàn)后宗教的傳播

C.Religion:AnImportantAspectofAmericanLife

C.宗教：美國(guó)生活的一個(gè)重要方面

D.ConformityinAmericanSociety

D.美國(guó)社會(huì)的從眾性

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先，看到首尾兩段核心句，首段第一句“隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，越來(lái)越多的同一性在美國(guó)社會(huì)盛行（anincreasingsenseofsameness）”，以及末段第一句“戰(zhàn)后，美國(guó)人發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種共同的宗教意識(shí)（asharedreligioussense），重返教堂的人數(shù)創(chuàng)下了紀(jì)錄”，可知文章主要講述的內(nèi)容是美國(guó)社會(huì)的同一性。然后，看到文章行文結(jié)構(gòu)是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，文章首先介紹美國(guó)社會(huì)同一性產(chǎn)生的歷史原因，然后從學(xué)校和宗教兩個(gè)方面來(lái)闡述同一性的表現(xiàn)。綜上所述可知，文章的關(guān)鍵詞是conformity，內(nèi)容就是美國(guó)社會(huì)的從眾性。故D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)：一個(gè)與過(guò)去不同的社會(huì)”、B選項(xiàng)“戰(zhàn)后宗教的傳播”和C選項(xiàng)“宗教：美國(guó)生活的一個(gè)重要方面”均屬于以偏概全。

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

AsGilbertWhite,Darwin,andothersobservedlongago,allspeciesappeartohavetheinnatecapacitytoincreasetheirnumbersfromgenerationtogeneration.Thetaskforecologistsistountangletheenvironmentalandbiologicalfactorsthatholdthisintrinsiccapacityforpopulationgrowthincheckoverthelongrun.Thegreatvarietyofdynamicbehaviorsexhibitedbydifferentpopulationmakesthistaskmoredifficult:somepopulationsremainroughlyconstantfromyeartoyear;othersexhibitregularcyclesofabundanceandscarcity;stillothersvarywildly,withoutbreaksandcrashesthatareinsomecasesplainlycorrelatedwiththeweather,andinothercasesnot.

Toimposesomeorderonthiskaleidoscopeofpatterns,oneschoolofthoughtproposesdividingpopulationsintotwogroups.Theseecologistspositthattherelativelysteadypopulationshavedensity-dependentgrowthparameters;thatis,ratesofbirth,death,andmigrationwhichdependstronglyonpopulationdensity.Thehighlyvaryingpopulationshavedensity-independentgrowthparameters,withvitalratesbuffetedbyenvironmentalevents;theseratesfluctuateinawaythatiswhollyindependentofpopulationdensity.

Thisdichotomyhasitsuses,butitcancauseproblemsiftakentooliterally.Foronething,nopopulationcanbedrivenentirelybydensity-independentfactorsallthetime.Nomatterhowseverelyorunpredictablybirth,death,andmigrationratesmaybefluctuatingaroundtheirlong-termaverages,iftherewerenodensity-dependenteffects,thepopulationwould,inthelongrun,eitherincreaseordecreasewithoutbound(barringamiraclebywhichgainsandlossescanceledexactly).Putanotherway,itmaybethatonaverage99percentofalldeathsinapopulationarisefromdensity-independentcauses,andonlyonepercentfromfactorsvaryingwithdensity.Thefactorsmakinguptheonepercentmayseemunimportant,andtheircausemaybecorrespondinglyhardtodetermine.Yet,whetherrecognizedornot,theywillusuallydeterminethelong-termaveragepopulationdensity.

Inordertounderstandthenatureoftheecologist’sinvestigation,wemaythinkofthedensity-dependenteffectsongrowthparametersasthesignalecologistsaretryingtoisolateandinterpret,onethattendstomakethepopulationincreasefromrelativelylowvaluesordecreasefromrelativelyhighones,whilethedensity-independenteffectsacttoproducenoiseinthepopulationdynamics.Forpopulationsthatremainrelativelyconstant,orthatoscillatearoundrepeatedcycles,thesignalcanbefairlyeasilycharacterizedanditseffectsdescribed,eventhoughthecausativebiologicalmechanismmayremainunknown.Forirregularlyfluctuatingpopulations,wearelikelytohavetoofewobservationstohaveanyhopeofextractingthesignalfromtheoverwhelmingnoise.Butitnowseemsclearthatallpopulationsareregulatedbyamixtureofdensity-dependentanddensity-independenteffectsinvaryingproportions.

1.Theauthorofthetextisprimarilyconcernedwith______.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheauthorconsidersthedichotomydiscussedtobe______.

3.Accordingtothetext,allofthefollowingbehaviorshavebeenexhibitedbydifferentpopulationsEXCEPT______.

4.Thediscussionconcerningpopulationinthethirdparagraphservesprimarilyto______.

5.Inthetext,theauthordoesallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discussingtwocategoriesoffactorsthatcontrolpopulationgrowthandassessingtheirrelativeimportance

B.describinghowgrowthratesinnaturalpopulationsfluctuateovertimeandexplainingwhythesechangesoccur

C.proposingahypothesisconcerningpopulationsizeandsuggestingwaystotestit

D.posingafundamentalquestionaboutenvironmentalfactorsinpopulationgrowthandpresentingsomecurrentlyacceptedanswer

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.applicableonlytoerraticallyfluctuatingpopulations

B.instrumental,butonlyifitslimitationsarerecognized

C.dangerouslymisleadinginmostcircumstances

D.acompleteandsufficientwaytoaccountforobservedphenomena

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.roughlyconstantpopulationlevelsfromyeartoyear

B.regularcyclesofincreasesanddecreasesinnumbers

C.erraticincreasesinnumberscorrelatedwiththeweather

D.uncheckedincreasesinnumbersovermanygenerations

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.demonstratethedifficultiesecologistsfaceinstudyingdensity-dependentfactorslimitingpopulationgrowth

B.advocatemorerigorousstudyofdensity-dependentfactorsinpopulationgrowth

C.provethatthedeathratesofanypopulationareneverentirelydensity-independent

D.underlinetheimportanceofevensmalldensity-dependentfactorsinregulatinglong-termpopulationdensities/r