邏輯術(shù)語漢英對(duì)照表

精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上專心---專注---專業(yè)專心---專注---專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上專心---專注---專業(yè)邏輯術(shù)語漢英對(duì)照表中文英文概念concept內(nèi)涵intension外延extension反變關(guān)系counter-alterralation單獨(dú)概念uniqueconcept普遍概念universalconcept空概念emptconcept集合概念collectiveconcept非集合概念non-collectiveconcept正概念positiveconcept負(fù)概念negativeconcept全同關(guān)系identicalralation真包含于關(guān)系trulyincludedrealton真包含關(guān)系trueinclusion交叉關(guān)系insersectingrelation全異關(guān)系disparaterelation矛盾關(guān)系（概念間的）contradictoryconcept反對(duì)關(guān)系（概念間的）contraryconcept歐拉圖示Eulerdiagrams限制restriction概括generalization定義definition屬加種差gensanddifference集合set元素element有限集finiteset無限集infiniteset交換律commutatovelaw結(jié)合律associativelaw分配律distributivelaw德·摩根律DeMorgan'slaws命題proposition直言命題ccategoricalproposition主詞subject謂詞predicate系詞copulative量詞quantifier周延性distribution對(duì)當(dāng)關(guān)系opposition矛盾關(guān)系（命題間的）contradictoryproposition反對(duì)關(guān)系（命題間的）contrariety下反對(duì)關(guān)系sub-contrariety差等關(guān)系hyponymy邏輯方陣logicalsquare文恩圖Venndiagrams關(guān)系命題relationalproposition對(duì)稱關(guān)系symmentricalrelation反對(duì)稱關(guān)系amti-symmetricrelation非反對(duì)稱關(guān)系non-symmetricrelation傳遞關(guān)系reamsitiverelation反傳遞關(guān)系anti-transitiverelation非傳遞關(guān)系non-transitiverelation聯(lián)言命題associatoveproposition選言命題disjuncitveproposition假言命題hypotheticalproposition負(fù)命題negativeproposition真值truthvalue真值表truthvaluetable模態(tài)命題modalproposition規(guī)范命題mormativeproposition同一律lawofidentity矛盾律lawofcontradiction排中律lawofexcludedmiddle悖論paradox推理inference演繹推理deductiveinference歸納推理inductiveinference換質(zhì)法contraposition換位法coversion三段論syllogism三段論的格syllogisticfigures三段論的式syllogisticmood關(guān)系推理relationalinference聯(lián)言推理associativeinference選言推理disjunctiveinference假言推理hypotheticalinference負(fù)命題等值推理equivalenceinferenceofnegativeproposition假言選言推理inferenceofhypothesisanddisjunction假言聯(lián)言推理inferenceofhypothesisandassociation反三段論anti-syllogism歸謬推理inferenceofreductiontoabsurdity反證推理inferenceofreductiontoabsurdity歸謬賦值法valueassignedbyreductiontoabsurdity命題自然推理natureinferenceofproposition謂詞自然推理natureinferenceofpredicate模態(tài)推理modalinference規(guī)范推理normativeinference回溯推理reversalinference科學(xué)假說scientifichypothesis認(rèn)證demonstration言語交際verbalcommunication邏輯符號(hào)一覽表符號(hào)中文名稱英文名稱＝等于equalto≠不等于unequalto空集nullsetI全集compelteset∈屬于belongto￠不屬于notbelongto包含于include包含trulyincluded真包含于trueinclude真包含trueinclude∪并union∩交intersection\補(bǔ)complementSAP全稱肯定命題universalaffirmativepropositionSEP全稱否定命題universalnegativepropositionSIP特稱肯定命題subaltermpositivepropositionSOP特稱否定命題subaltermnegativepropositionSap單稱肯定命題singularaffirmativepropositionSep單稱否定命題singularnegativepropositionR關(guān)系ralationR的逆關(guān)系inversecorrelationofR∧合取conjunction∨相容析取compatiledisjunction不相容析取incompatibledisjuncton→蘊(yùn)涵implication←反蘊(yùn)涵counter-inplication←→互蘊(yùn)涵mutualimplication非（對(duì)命題的否定）negationofpropositon￣非（對(duì)項(xiàng)的否定）negationoftermsT真truthF假false

可能possibillity□必然necessaryO必須obligatoryP允許permissionF禁止forbiddenM中項(xiàng)middleterm+存在existenceFa特定個(gè)體a有F的性質(zhì)qualityofFinspecificindividualaFx不確定個(gè)體x有F的性質(zhì)qualityofFinundefinedindividualxR(a,b)兩特定個(gè)體a、b的R關(guān)系ralationofRintwospecificindividuals