(新高考)高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義第1部分 教材知識(shí)解讀 選擇性必修第一冊(cè) Unit 1 People of Achievement (含答案)

Ⅰ.認(rèn)閱讀單詞1．physiologyn．生理學(xué)；生理機(jī)能2．a(chǎn)rtemisininn．[藥]青蒿素3．malarian．瘧疾4．extractn．提取物；摘錄vt.提??；提煉；摘錄；(用力)拔出5．wormwoodn．蒿；洋艾6．substancen．物質(zhì)；物品；事實(shí)根據(jù)7．penicillinn．青霉素；盤(pán)尼西林8．chartn．圖表vt.記錄；制訂計(jì)劃9．numerousadj.眾多的；許多的10．theoryn．理論；學(xué)說(shuō)11．relativityn．相對(duì)論；相對(duì)性12．formulan．公式；方程式；配方13．patentn．專利；專利證書(shū)；獲得專利adj.有專利的；受專利保護(hù)的14．doctoraten．博士學(xué)位15．photoelectricadj.光電的16．institutionn．社會(huì)公共機(jī)構(gòu)；制度；習(xí)俗17．instituten．(教育、專業(yè)等)機(jī)構(gòu)；機(jī)構(gòu)建筑18．moustachen．上唇的胡子；髭19．peculiarityn．個(gè)性；特點(diǎn)；怪異的性質(zhì)20．devicen．方法；技巧；裝置；儀器21．NobelPrize諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)22．AlbertEinstein阿爾伯特·愛(ài)因斯坦23．Switzerland瑞士(國(guó)家名)24．Swissadj.瑞士的n．(pl.Swiss)瑞士人25．IsaacNewton艾薩克·牛頓26．Jewishadj.猶太人的；猶太教的27．Princeton普林斯頓(美國(guó)城市)Ⅱ.記重點(diǎn)單詞1．crucialadj.至關(guān)重要的；關(guān)鍵性的2．vitaladj.必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機(jī)的3．objectiven．目標(biāo)；目的adj.客觀的4．propertyn．性質(zhì)；特征；財(cái)產(chǎn)5．boilvt.&vi.(使)沸騰；煮開(kāi)；燒開(kāi)n．沸騰；沸點(diǎn)6．liquidn．液體adj.液體的；液態(tài)的7．obtainvt.(尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得；贏得vi.(規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在；流行8．a(chǎn)cknowledgevt.承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等)；(公開(kāi))感謝9．defeatn．失??；挫敗vt.擊??；戰(zhàn)勝10．a(chǎn)pparentlyadv.顯而易見(jiàn)；看來(lái)；顯然11．insistvi.&vt.堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)決要求12．mostlyadv.主要地；一般地13．fleevi.&vt.(fled，fled)迅速離開(kāi)；逃跑14．circumstancen．[usuallypl.]條件；環(huán)境；狀況15．flown．流；流動(dòng)；流暢；供應(yīng)vi.流；流動(dòng)16．infervt.推斷；推定17．geniusn．(pl.geniuses)天才；天資；天賦18．extraordinaryadj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的19．graduallyadv.逐漸地；逐步地20．encountervt.偶然碰到；遇到n．邂逅；遭遇21．mournvt.&vi.哀悼；憂傷22．remarkableadj.非凡的；顯著的23．sumvi.總結(jié)；概括n．金額；款項(xiàng)；總數(shù)；總和24．draftn．草稿；草案vt.起草；草擬Ⅲ.知拓展單詞1．commitvt.做出(錯(cuò)或非法的事)；犯(罪或錯(cuò)等)；承諾；保證vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動(dòng)等)→committedadj.盡心盡力的；堅(jiān)定的；堅(jiān)信的→commitmentn．投入；奉獻(xiàn)；承諾2．a(chǎn)cademyn．(藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、科學(xué)等的)研究院；學(xué)會(huì)；專科院?！鷄cademicadj.學(xué)業(yè)的；學(xué)術(shù)的3．botanicaladj.植物學(xué)的→botanyn．植物學(xué)4．evaluatevt.評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估→evaluationn．評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估5．distinctadj.清晰的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的→distinctionn．區(qū)別；差別6．a(chǎn)nalyse(NAmE-ze)vt.分析→analysis(pl.analyses)n．分析7．scientificadj.科學(xué)(上)的；關(guān)于科學(xué)的→sciencen．科學(xué)→scientistn．科學(xué)家8．conclusionn．結(jié)論；推論→concludevt.斷定；推斷出9．novelistn．小說(shuō)家→noveln．(長(zhǎng)篇)小說(shuō)adj.新穎的；珍奇的10．foundvt.創(chuàng)建；建立；把……建立在→foundationn．創(chuàng)建；基金會(huì)→foundern．創(chuàng)建者；創(chuàng)始人11．politiciann．政治家；從政者；政客→politicsn．政治→politicaladj.政治的12．gentleadj.溫柔的；文靜的→gentlyadv.溫柔地；溫和地13．passionn．酷愛(ài)；激情→passionateadj.有激情的14．consequencen．結(jié)果；后果→consequentadj.隨之發(fā)生的；作為結(jié)果的→consequentlyadv.結(jié)果；因此；所以15．professorn．教授→professionn．職業(yè)，行業(yè)→professionaladj.職業(yè)的n．專業(yè)人士Ⅳ.背核心短語(yǔ)1．commitoneselfto(sth./doingsth./dosth.)承諾；保證(做某事、遵守協(xié)議或安排等)2．insiston堅(jiān)決要求3．wearandtear(正常使用造成的)磨損；損耗4．flowchart流程圖5．cometopower(開(kāi)始)掌權(quán)；上臺(tái)6．takeupaposition擔(dān)任；任職7．sumup總結(jié)；概括8．leadto導(dǎo)致9．graduatefrom畢業(yè)于10．withtheobjectiveof目的是1．featuren．特征；特色2．fictionn．小說(shuō)；虛構(gòu)的事3．fierceadj.猛烈的；兇猛的4．financen．財(cái)政；金融5．flashlightn．手電筒6．flexibleadj.靈活的；柔韌的；可彎曲的7．forgetfuladj.健忘的；易忘的8．fortnightn．十四日；兩星期1．Artemisininhassavedhundredsofthousandsoflives，andhasledtoimprovedhealthformillionsofpeople.(過(guò)去分詞作前置定語(yǔ))青蒿素挽救了成千上萬(wàn)人的生命，并改善了數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的健康狀況。2．Afterfailingmorethan190times，theteamfinallysucceededin1971.(Afterdoing...)在失敗了190多次之后，這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)終于在1971年成功了。3．UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize，shesaid，“Thehonourisnotjustmine.”(Upondoing...)獲悉自己被授予諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)時(shí)，她說(shuō)：“這份榮譽(yù)不僅僅屬于我?！?．ItisindeedanhonourforChina’sscientificresearchandChinesemedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld.(it作形式主語(yǔ))中國(guó)的科學(xué)研究和中醫(yī)藥得以在全世界傳播確實(shí)是一個(gè)榮譽(yù)。5．Whileworkingthere，outofastrongpassionforknowledge，hecontinuedtostudy，earningadoctorateinphysicsin1905.(Whiledoing...)在此工作期間，出于對(duì)知識(shí)的強(qiáng)烈熱情，他繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，并于1905年獲得了物理學(xué)博士學(xué)位。請(qǐng)先從表格中選用本單元所學(xué)詞匯完成下列短文，然后核對(duì)答案并背誦該短文。eq\x(conclusion，objective，commit，acknowledge，vital，academic)MadamCurieBeinganextraordinarywomangenius，gentleMadamCuriemanagedtoobtaintwokindsofradioactiveelements，whichwere1.vitalandcrucialtophysics.ItwaswidelyacknowledgedthatshewasborninPolandin1867.Distinctfromothergirls，mittedherwholelifetoscientificresearch.Aftergraduatingfromhighschool，shetookupapositionasatutor.In1891，shewasadmittedintotheUniversityofParis，wheresheachievedgreat3.academicperformancesandasaconsequence，shebecamethefirstwomanprofessor.Underunbearablecircumstances，sheandherhusbandsparednoefforttoanalyzeandevaluatepitchblende(瀝青鈾礦)withthe4.objectiveofextractingradioactivesubstancesandstudyingtheirproperties.Althoughtheyencounterednumerousfailures，undernocircumstancesdidthecouple5.acknowledgedefeatandtheyinsistedontheirambition.Usingflowchartsandsummingupwhattheyhadstudied，thecouplefinallydrewa6.conclusionthatPoandRadidexist，whichwassoonspreadthroughouttheworld.Theirtheory，asotherproductsanddevices，couldstandwearandtear.In1934，MadamCuriepassedawayandthewholeworldmournedthegreatlossofaremarkablescientist.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯commitvt.做出(錯(cuò)或非法的事)；犯(罪或錯(cuò)等)；承諾；保證；花(錢(qián)或時(shí)間)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動(dòng)等)(committedadj.盡心盡力的；堅(jiān)定的commitmentn．投入；奉獻(xiàn)；承諾)?commitmurder/acrime/amistake犯兇殺罪/犯罪/犯錯(cuò)commitoneselfto(sth./doingsth./dosth.)承諾/保證(做某事、遵守協(xié)議或安排等)?becommittedto(doing)sth./commitoneselfto(doing)sth.致力于(做)某事?makeacommitmentto(doing)sth.保證/承諾(做)某事(1)Thisrequirescommitment(commit)toaparticularoccupation，branchofstudyorresearch.(2021·3月天津)(2)我強(qiáng)烈建議你每天抽出一個(gè)小時(shí)讀英語(yǔ)，這將逐漸提高你的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之建議信)Istronglysuggestthatyou(should)commitonehourtoreading/readEnglisheveryday，whichwillgraduallyimproveyourspokenEnglish.(3)我在如此多的人面前犯了一個(gè)愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤，滿臉窘得通紅。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之尷尬心理描寫(xiě))Icommittedasillymistakeinfrontofsomanypeople，myfaceredwithembarrassment.(4)他渴望被這所著名的研究院錄取，因此，他每天都致力于學(xué)習(xí)。Hedesirestobeadmittedtothefamousacademyandasaconsequence，heiscommittedtostudyinghardonadailybasis.acknowledgevt.承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等)；(公開(kāi))感謝acknowledgesb./sth.as/tobe...認(rèn)為某人/物是……；承認(rèn)某人/物是……acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth.承認(rèn)做了某事acknowledgethat...承認(rèn)……Itisuniversally/widelyacknowledgedthat...……是大家公認(rèn)的。(1)Tomacknowledgedbeingdefeated/havingbeendefeated(defeat)intheEnglishspeechcompetition，whichmadeusquitedepressed.(2)ProfessorYangZhenningisacknowledgedasoneoftheworld’sgreatestphysicists.(3)我感謝我的英語(yǔ)老師，沒(méi)有他我不可能在英語(yǔ)方面取得如此巨大的進(jìn)步。(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之感謝信)IacknowledgemyEnglishteacher，withoutwhomIcouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogressinEnglish.(4)大家普遍認(rèn)為這部電影不僅具有指導(dǎo)意義，并且充滿激情。Itisuniversally/widelyacknowledgedthatthefilmisnotonlyinstructivebutalsofullofpassion.insistvt.&vi.堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)決要求?insiston(doing)sth.堅(jiān)決要求/堅(jiān)持(做)某事?insist作“堅(jiān)決要求”講時(shí)，后接賓語(yǔ)從句，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，形式為“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略；作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”講時(shí)，從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣，根據(jù)需要選擇各種時(shí)態(tài)。(1)Asaconsequenceofsomesolidevidence，thepoliceofficerinsistedthathehaddisobeyed(disobey)thetrafficrulesand(should)befined(fine)．(2)只有當(dāng)我們堅(jiān)持經(jīng)常鍛煉身體我們才能保持身心健康。①Wecankeepphysicallyandmentallyhealthyonlywhenweinsistonworkingoutregularly.(insiston)②Onlywhenweinsistonworkingoutregularlycanwekeepphysicallyandmentallyhealthy.(用倒裝句改寫(xiě))conclusionn．結(jié)論；推論(concludevt.斷定；推斷出)?inconclusion最后；總之cometo/reach/arriveat/drawaconclusion得出結(jié)論?conclude...withsth./bydoingsth.以……結(jié)束concludefrom...從……中得出結(jié)論(1)Thefamousnovelistconcludedhisspeechwithadistinguishedsaying“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.”(2)總之，你的切實(shí)可行的建議一定可以使我們關(guān)于中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的主題班會(huì)吸引更多的外國(guó)人。(2021·全國(guó)甲，書(shū)面表達(dá))Inconclusion，yourpracticalsuggestionsareboundtomakeourthemeclassmeetingabouttraditionalChineseculturesappealtomoreforeigners.(3)我從自己的經(jīng)歷中得出結(jié)論：“沒(méi)有付出就沒(méi)有收獲?！雹買(mǎi)concludedfrommyownexperience，“Nopains，nogains.”(conclude)②Icameto/reached/arrivedat/drewaconclusionfrommyownexperience，“Nopains，nogains.”(conclusion)circumstancen．(usuallypl.)條件；環(huán)境；狀況under/innocircumstances無(wú)論如何不，決不(置于句首，句子用部分倒裝)ifcircumstancespermit/allow如果情況允許的話under/inthecircumstances在這種情況下；既然如此(1)我決不放棄創(chuàng)辦一家公司的目標(biāo)，因此，如果條件允許的話，我將立即采取行動(dòng)去實(shí)現(xiàn)我的夢(mèng)想。Under/InnocircumstanceswillIgiveuptheobjectiveoffoundingacompany.Asaconsequence，ifcircumstancespermit/allow，Iwilltakeimmediateactiontoaccomplishmydream.(2)即使在這種情況下，他仍然不遺余力地提高自己。Evenunder/inthecircumstances，hestillsparednoefforttoimprovehimself.takeupaposition擔(dān)任；任職takeup拿起；占據(jù)；開(kāi)始從事；接受takeoff脫下；起飛；事業(yè)騰飛；休假takein吸收；理解；收留；欺騙takeover接管；接任takeon呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔(dān)takedown寫(xiě)下；記下；拆除takeapart拆開(kāi)；拆卸用take的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空(1)Withtheremarkabledevelopmentofscienceandtechnology，ourcountryhastakenonanewlook.(2)IacknowledgedthatIhardlytookinwhattheteachersaidinclass，whichmademeinlowspirits.(3)Tom，apersonwithpassion，willtakeuphispositionaschairmanoftheStudentAssociationattheendofnextmonth.(4)Thesmartprofessorhadnodifficultytakingapartthefridgeandrepaireditsuccessfully.(5)Apparently，whenthedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.(6)Westudentsinsistontakingdownthekeypointsatclassandsumthemupafterclass.UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize，shesaid，“Thehonourisnotjustmine.”獲悉自己被授予諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)時(shí)，她說(shuō)：“這份榮譽(yù)不僅僅屬于我。”

?upon/ondoing(that)...一……就……，表示一件事緊接著另一件事發(fā)生。?表示“一……就……”的其他形式：assoonas，themoment/minute/instant，immediately/directly/instantly等。(1)一聽(tīng)說(shuō)伯納德陷入困難，約翰立即致力于通過(guò)做爆米花幫助他。(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)Upon/OnlearningthatBernardwascaughtindifficulty，Johnwasimmediatelycommittedtohelpinghimbymakingpopcorn.(Upon/Ondoing...)(2)我的頭一從大南瓜里拔出來(lái)，我就松了一口氣。(2021·1月浙江，讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))①Assoonasmyheadwaspulledoutofthehugepumpkin，Isighedinrelief.(assoonas)②Theinstantmyheadwaspulledoutofthehugepumpkin，Isighedinrelief.(theinstant)③Immediatelymyheadwaspulledoutofthehugepumpkin，Isighedinrelief.(immediately)ItisindeedanhonourforChina’sscientificresearchandChinesemedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld.中國(guó)的科學(xué)研究和中醫(yī)藥得以在全世界傳播確實(shí)是一個(gè)榮譽(yù)。it作形式主語(yǔ)的常用句式：?Itbe＋anhonour＋forsb.todosth./Itbeone’shonour＋todosth.?Itbe＋過(guò)去分詞(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that從句?Itbe＋形容詞(strange，important，vital，obvious，possible...)＋that從句?Itbe＋名詞短語(yǔ)(apity，ashame，afact，agoodidea，nowonder...)＋that從句?It＋不及物動(dòng)詞(occur，happen，seem...)＋that從句(1)很榮幸能發(fā)表演講，與大家分享我對(duì)京劇的看法。(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之演講稿)ItisagreathonourtodeliveraspeechtosharewithyoumyopinionsonBeijingOpera.(2)據(jù)說(shuō)將展覽中國(guó)專家的許多剪紙作品。Itissaidthatalargenumberofpaper-cuttingworksbyexpertsthroughoutChinawillbeonshow.(3)Apparently，weshouldspendsometimetakingabrieflookatthehistoryoftheTangDynasty.→ItisapparentthatweshouldspendsometimetakingabrieflookatthehistoryoftheTangDynasty.(it作形式主語(yǔ))(4)I’mmorethandelightedtolearnthatyouaregoingtovisitaChinesefamily.ItisnecessaryforyoutoknowaboutthetablemannersofChina.(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之傳統(tǒng)文化)→I’mmorethandelightedtolearnthatyouaregoingtovisitaChinesefamily.ItisnecessarythatyoushouldknowaboutthetablemannersofChina.(Itis＋adj.＋that...)(5)這些國(guó)家公園已經(jīng)得到旅游公司的財(cái)政支持，這是事實(shí)。Itisafactthatthesenationalparkshaveobtainedfinancialsupportfromtouristcompanies.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯Ⅰ.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙1．a(chǎn)cknowledgeeq\x(A.承認(rèn)B.告知收到C.公開(kāi)感謝)(1)Iacknowledgemymother，whoalwayssupportsmewhateverhappens.C(2)Graduallyhebegantoacknowledgehisfeelingsofenvytowardshissister.A(3)Allapplicationswillbeacknowledgedbyemails.B2．快速閱讀下列句子并猜測(cè)句中加黑詞匯的漢語(yǔ)意思(1)TuYouyoudiscoveredanovelmethodtoextracttheusefulsubstance.新穎的(2)In1967，theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria.目標(biāo)Ⅱ.核心知識(shí)強(qiáng)化練——鞏固語(yǔ)言知識(shí)1．Committed(commit)toscientificresearchtoagreatextent，hecouldn’tspareanytimetogoonholiday.2．Apparently(apparent)，wecan’tjudgepeoplefromexternalappearances.3．Iacknowledgemaking/havingmade(make)abetwithhisclassmate.4．Jackwasn’tsayinganythingbuttheteachersmiledathimasifhehaddone(do)someoddthings.5．Tosumup，wecantackletheprobleminthisscientificmanner.6．Fromtheproofwehavegathered，wecanindeeddrawaconclusion(conclude)thathehasbrokenthelaw.7．InsistingthatTomhadstolen(steal)hercar，theoldtailorinsistedthathe(should)besent(send)toprison.8．Itisnormalforusstudentstofeelanxiousandnervousbeforeimportantexaminations.9．Wetriedtofindatableforseven，butasamatteroffact，theywerealltakenup.10．Under/Innocircumstanceswillmymotherpermitmetogooutaloneatnight.Ⅰ.單句寫(xiě)作——應(yīng)用文增分練(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ)——我最尊敬的人1．我最尊敬的人是我的叔叔，他終生致力于治愈病人的疾病。(becommittedto)ThepersonIrespectmostismyunclewhoiscommittedtocuringpatientsoftheirdiseasesallhislife.2．無(wú)論他遇到什么困難，他決不承認(rèn)失敗。(circumstance；acknowledge)Whateverdifficultiesheencounters，un