prepositions(介詞)新課標(biāo) 人教

prepositions

(介詞)整理課件常見(jiàn)介詞方位介詞above\over\on\below\under\beneathaboveoverbeneathbelowunderonBecareful,thereisaheavybox______yourhead.Thesunis_____themountainintheeast.Therearesomestamps_______thedesk.Thepositionhepointedtowas_______thesealevel.Thelittlemouseis_____thetable,soitisnoteasytofindit.overaboveonabove\belowunder整理課件2.across\over\through\pastacrossoverthroughpast橫穿，穿越，表示運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生在物體的表面跨過(guò)越過(guò)，表示運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生在物體的上方穿過(guò)，通過(guò)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生在摸物的空間從—經(jīng)過(guò)，表示運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生在某物的旁邊TheGreatwallwindsitswayfromwesttoeast,________deserts,______mountains,_____valleys,tillatlastitreachesthesea.Thecrowdofpeoplewalked_____theCityHalltotheCentreSquare.Swim____theriver,go___thestreet,fly____themountain,_____thedoor,\window,abridge____theriveracrossoverthroughpastacross_acrossoverthroughover整理課件at表示在較小的地方(門(mén)牌);在某物旁(不確定的地方)in表示在較大的地方(國(guó)家,城市);在某物范圍內(nèi).(地點(diǎn)的排列順序是由小到大).on表示在某物上(表面接觸);road前用on,street前用in/on;樓層用on;farm前用on,field前用in.onthesixthfloor.\onthefarm,ontheground\acityontheChangjiangriver,\ontheleft\ontheright3.表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)at,in,on的區(qū)別at116ChangheStreet.atthestation\airport\atthetheatre\theparty\themeeting\conference----attheendof\atthebottomof\atthefootof\---Intheworld\inAsia\inthecountry\inthevillage\inthestreetinthesky\inthelake\inthewoods\inanarmchair\inhospital\prison\church整理課件.4.在---上on側(cè)重與表面接觸in側(cè)重與接觸的深度Wefoundasquarehole______thewestwall.Thereisamapoftheworld______thewall.hit\beat\strike\patsb_____theface\eye\mouth\chesthit\beat\strike\patsb______thehead\forehead\nose\ear\neck\shoulder(take\seize\catch\shakesb_______thearm\hand)Therearelotsofapples______thetree.Birdsoftenplay______thetree.in\on表靜態(tài)，into\onto表動(dòng)態(tài)“往—里往—上inoninonbyonin整理課件5.表方位的介詞in,on,to,off的區(qū)別★in表示在境內(nèi).★on表示相鄰或在邊界上,不在境內(nèi).★to表示在境外,不接壤.★off表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方.Guangdonglies____thesouthofChinaandFujianis_____theeastofit.Hainanis____thecoastofthemainland.

inonoff整理課件6介詞among和between的區(qū)別

1）一般情況下，between用于兩者之間，among用于三者或三者以上之間。Itisabout100metresbetweenthepostofficeandourschool.Dividethemoneyamongthefourofyou2)但在有些情況下between可用于三者或三者以上之間。A）提到明確位置時(shí)SwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance,Germany,AustraliaandItalyB）提到事物之間區(qū)別時(shí)Doyouknowthedifferencebetweenlie,layandlaid?C）提到各分配對(duì)象時(shí)

Hedividedhismoneybetween

hiswife,hissonandhisdaughter.（此句也可用among，但意義有差別。between強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體各有一份，among強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，表示分錢(qián)的范圍）整理課件D）強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者以上的事物兩兩之間的相互關(guān)系：theTreatyBetweentheThreePowers

三國(guó)協(xié)約（不可用among）E）用在“betweenourselves”結(jié)構(gòu)中，意為“私下說(shuō)的話（不可告訴別人）”。

Thematterishighlyclassified.Itisbetweenourselves.這件事高度機(jī)密，不能告訴別人。

整理課件二表示時(shí)間介詞1.

at,in,on的區(qū)別1Thetrainleaves___6:00pm,soIhavetobeatthestation_____5:40atthelatest.A.at;untilB.for;afterC.at;byD.before;around2Theoldmandied____cold____acoldnight.A.from;atB.of;inC.of;onD.for;during3Therailwaywasopened____traffic____April4,1985.A.to;onB.to;inC.by;onD.for;onCCA整理課件in,on,at的區(qū)別和用法

1）at表示在某一時(shí)刻或短暫的時(shí)間。atoneo’clock（在一點(diǎn)鐘），atdawn（在黎明），atsunrise（在日出時(shí)），atnoon（在正午），atthattime（在那時(shí)），atthelastmoment（在最后一刻），atbreakfast（在早餐時(shí)）\atdarkat亦可表示“年齡”、“節(jié)日”等。attheageoftwenty（在二十歲時(shí)），atMid-autumn（在中秋節(jié)時(shí)），atChristmas（在圣誕節(jié)時(shí)）2）in用來(lái)表示某年、某月、季節(jié)、上下午、傍晚等時(shí)間in1998\inMay,\inMay,1998\inthemorning\afternoon\evening，

inthenight（特指某一夜間，而atnight表泛指的夜間），intheday（在白天）\insummer\inthetwentiethcentury\inmoderntimes\inone’soldage（在某人晚年）\inone’steens/twenties/thirties,\inone’syouth\

inthedaytime\inone’slife\inthepast\inthosedays\inthefuture\inaweek（在一周后

inafewdays\inamoment，3）on用于某日或特定某日的早晚、上下午等。onSunday（在星期日），onOctoberthefirst，1999（在1999年10月1日），onMondaymorning（在星期日早晨），onacoldevening（在一個(gè)寒冷的晚上），onNewYear’sEve（新年前夕）\onChristmasDayAt9onthemorningofApril,1976At9inthemorninginApril,1976duringtheChristmasDays整理課件2.in,within,after的區(qū)別和用法

1）in表從現(xiàn)在時(shí)間角度看將來(lái)，意為“在…之后“，“過(guò)若干時(shí)間就…”。

Theprojectwillbefinishedinaweek.

2）within表示期限,，意為“在某時(shí)間之內(nèi)”。(將來(lái)或過(guò)去）

Hemustbebackwithinaweek.

他必須一周之內(nèi)回來(lái)。3）after表示“什么時(shí)間之后”，后可接表某一時(shí)刻或某種活動(dòng)的詞。Themealwasreadyafterthirtyminutes.三十分鐘后飯熟了。Weleftaftertheparty.晚會(huì)后我們離開(kāi)了。Myfatherwillbebackfromabroadinthreedays.Helefthomeandwenttothefrontaftertwodays\twodayslaterI’llgoandseeherafterthreeo’clock.after+一段時(shí)間，常與過(guò)去時(shí)連用after+時(shí)間上的一點(diǎn)，常與將來(lái)時(shí)連用Inthepast,novillagersdareddothat.Inthepast\lastfewyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthevillage.整理課件4.during,for的區(qū)別和用法during表示“在（某一段時(shí)間）內(nèi)”，“在…期間”，用于已知一段時(shí)間或已限定的時(shí)期或階段。for用來(lái)指延續(xù)一段時(shí)間。例如Iwenttoshanghaiduringthevacationandstayedtherefor20days.我假期里去了上海并在那兒呆了二十多天。5.by,till/until的區(qū)別和用法1）by表示到某時(shí)某事已發(fā)生或已出現(xiàn)情況，經(jīng)常與完成時(shí)連用；till表示行動(dòng)或狀態(tài)一直遲續(xù)到某一時(shí)間(肯定句中延續(xù)動(dòng)詞）。Wediscussedaboutthemattertill/untilmidnight.

我們一直談那件事，直到午夜時(shí)分。（midnight指動(dòng)作的終點(diǎn)）.YoumusthandinyourtermpaperbynextMonday.你必須在下星期日之前交學(xué)期論文。（不晚于星期一，可以是星期一，也可以是這之前某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生）2）till/until經(jīng)常用在否定句中，譯作“到…才”,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間晚了。.例如Hedidn’tarriveuntilteno’clock.他直到十點(diǎn)鐘才來(lái)。整理課件三、besides,but,except,exceptfor,otherthan的區(qū)別和用法Beside在---旁邊1）Besides除—在外還有（常與also,else,anyother,more連用）（包括再內(nèi)）例如HehadtolearnEnglishbesidesJapanese.

副詞，此外而且2）but與except同義，但but多用在every，any，no（及它們的復(fù)合詞），all，none，who，what，where等后。WhobutGeorgewoulddosuchathing?

除喬治之外，還有誰(shuí)會(huì)干這種事？3）except表示“除了”，不包括其后的賓語(yǔ)。EveryonecameontimeexceptHenry.4）exceptfor“除了…，只是…”，前后比較對(duì)象不屬于同一類(lèi)或同一個(gè)層次。Theroadwasemptyexceptfor

afewcars.肯定整體，否定小部分TheyaregoodboysexceptfortheirshortcomingExceptthat加句子Exceptwhen加句子除了當(dāng)-----時(shí)候整理課件5）otherthan與except用法相似，但otherthan還有其他的含義：A）not,anythingbut（不是，除了）例如Shecanhardlybeotherthangrateful.

她會(huì)感激不盡。B）otherwisethan;inanyotherwaythan（與…不同；與…不同方式）例如Youcan’tgetthereotherthanbyswimming.

除游泳之外，別無(wú)其他方法抵達(dá)那里。6）apartfrom可表示besides，except，exceptfor或without的意義：例1It’stime-consumingapartfrom

thecost(=besides).

除了價(jià)格高以外，還很費(fèi)時(shí)。例2Youdidagoodjob,apartfrom

afewslightfaults(=exceptfor).

除了一些小缺點(diǎn)外，你做得還不錯(cuò)。例3Hecaresnothingintheworldapartfrom

himself(=except).在世上，他除了自己什么都不在乎。例4Thereisnoshort-cuttoitapartfromhardwork(=without).除了努力工作，別無(wú)捷徑可走。整理課件四、表示價(jià)格,比率,標(biāo)準(zhǔn),速度的介詞★at表示價(jià)值，價(jià)格,比率或速度,表單價(jià).★for表示交換,指總價(jià)錢(qián)★by表示度量單位或標(biāo)準(zhǔn).后接表計(jì)量單位的名詞一般是單數(shù),前面需加定冠詞the.數(shù)詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞前不加.

Weareflying_______aspeedof400kms/hr.Iboughtthesebooks______5dollarseach.Iboughtthesebooks_______30dollars.Heispaid_______theweek.Eggsaresold______thedozen.atatforbybybytheyear\day\month\---bythedozen\ton\yard\jin----byweight\height\length\width整理課件五、工具、手段、方式介詞Bysea\bywater\byland\byair\byrailBybike\bybus\bytaxi\byplane\byship\byboat\bytrain\byspaceshipInthe\aplane,ona\thetrain,onthe\a\mybike,,onfoot,onahorseBy\in\on\over\through等多用與無(wú)形的工具或手段

byhand\inink\onthetelephone\overtheradio\throughthetelescope使用語(yǔ)言，原料，材料用ininEnglishinblueinkInthis\that\thesamewayBythis\thatmeansBymeansofWiththis\thatmethodWith+a\the\my+有形的工具或身體某些器官Withapen\withoureyesbypost/mailbytelegram,byphone整理課件at引起情緒的原因（因聽(tīng)到或看到-----）beglad\pleased\happy\delighted\sad\surprised---at,beangryat\beexcitedat-----具體事物-forandwith后接表示感情的抽象名詞，其中with側(cè)重與隨著心理變化而發(fā)生的感情變化SheoftenhangsdownherheadforshameHewentredwithangerHerfacewentredwithcoldatwork,atplay,atwar,Ingoodorder\inpoorhealth\ingoodcondition\inahurry\inpublic\inpeace\indanger---處于某種狀態(tài)Onbusiness\onsale\onwatch\onstrike\onholiday\onfire\onshow\onavisit整理課件3.payattentionto\beusedto\stickto\leadto\getdownto\lookforwardto\objectto\seeto\bedevotedto\thekeyto\2.Thekeytothedoor\theanswertothequestion\avisitto\Withthedooropen\withthelighton\withhishandsinhispocket\withhiseyeslookingatme\withalltheworkdone\withalotofworktodo5.With的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)4.(much)Toone’sdelight\surprise\horror\sorrow\joy\regret=tothedelight\surprise\horror\sorrow\joy\regretofsb1.Ofuse=useful\ofimportance=important\ofvalue=valuable\ofhelp=helpful\ofnouse=useless整理課件

on“關(guān)于”，學(xué)術(shù)性強(qiáng)：alectureoncomputer

about“關(guān)于”，知識(shí)性或隨便談?wù)摚篴discussionabouttheplan

befamiliarwithsb./sth.熟悉某人/某befamiliartosb.…為某人所熟悉

bestrictwithsb.對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格要求bestrictinsth.嚴(yán)格對(duì)待某事

atleast至少

intheleast絲毫，一點(diǎn)

intheway擋路，障礙，妨礙

inaway在某點(diǎn)上，在某種程度上

bytheway順便問(wèn)一下

ononesway(to)在…路上

intheair空中，在流傳

ontheair播出

shoutto呼喊，向…喊

shoutat對(duì)…吼，責(zé)罵intheend＝atlast＝finallybytheendof到…末止

afteratime＝aftersometime過(guò)一段時(shí)間后

behindtime遲到，過(guò)期

aheadoftime提前，超前

sometime某時(shí)

sometime某段時(shí)間，某一時(shí)期

sometimes有時(shí)

atatime＝eachtime每次

atonetime＝once曾經(jīng)

attheendof在…結(jié)束時(shí)，在…末端，整理課件foramoment＝forawhile/minute一會(huì)兒

forthemoment暫時(shí)

inamoment立刻

atthemoment當(dāng)時(shí)

themoment/minute/second/instance…＝assoonas一…就betiredof…討厭…betiredwith\from…因…而疲倦bepleasedwith＋名詞/what從句對(duì)…滿意

bepleasedat＋抽象名詞聽(tīng)/看到…而高興beknowntosb.為某人所知

beknownas作為…而出名，被叫作…beknownfor因…而出名bebusywithsth.忙于某事

bebusy(in)doingsth.忙著做某事整理課件Idon’tthinkI’llneedanymoneybutI’llbringsome_______.AtlastB.incaseC.onceagainD.intime2.______productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through3.Thesuitfittedhimverywell______thecolorwasalittlebrighter.A.exceptforB.exceptthatC.exceptwhenD.besides4.ikownothingabouttheyounglady______sheisfromBeijing.A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.besides5.Wouldyouslowdownabit,please?Ican’t______you.A.keepupwithB.putupwithC.makeuptoD.holdonto整理課件6.Rosewaswildwithjoy_____theresultoftheexamination.A.toB.atC.byD.as7.Thehomeimprovementshavetakenwhatlittlethereis___mysparetime.A.fromB.inC.ofD.at8.Thesunlightcamein_____thewindowsintheroofandlitupthewholeroom.A.throughB.acrossC.onD.over9.Youaresolucky?--whatdoyoumean_____that?A.forB.inC.ofD.by10.ThespeechbythemayorofShanghaibeforethefinalvotingforEXPO201