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定語從句關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇----by樹德中學(xué)蘭銀清一)定語從句的概念:句中修飾限定或者補充說明名詞或者代詞的是一個句子,這個句子就是定語從句Wecan’tignorethedifficultiesthat/whichlieahead.AllthatIwantisyourhappiness.Whatisthenameofthemanwhojustcamein.Ilikethosewhosmilealot.Therearealotofstudentsherewhoseparentsworkoutside.ThisistheschoolwhereIusedwork.定語從句的先行詞:被定語從句飾限定或者補充說明名詞或者代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞:who,whom,which,that,whose,as引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞:when,where,why,as二)如何選用關(guān)系代詞?判成分如果定語從句需要主語或者賓語,就要選用關(guān)系代詞who,whom(作賓語),that,which.確定先行詞1)先行詞如果指人選用who,whom(作賓語)或者that,在實際運用中多使用who;先行詞如果指物選用that或者which,在實際運用中多使用that先行詞(n/pron)+who/whom/thatDoyouknowthepeoplelivenextdoor?ThisisthemanImetonthetrainlastweek.Itisabookwillinterestchildrenofallages.Ihavefoundthecarkeysyouwerelookingfor.注意:(1)、在限定性定語從句中,作賓語的關(guān)系單詞可以省略Thisistheman(who/that/whom)Imetonthetrainlastweek.(2)限定性定語從句需要表語,用thatIamnotthemanthatIwastenyearsago.Wenzhouisnottheplacethatitwas20yearsago.2)Whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句當(dāng)定語從句需要所有格(也可以理解為定語),則需要用whose。只要定語從句需要所有格,先行詞指人,指物,指地點都要whose。先行詞(n/pron)+whose6.Westoppedtohelpsomepeoplecarbrokedown.7.Iliveinthehousedoorisred.Youdon’tneedtolookupeverywordmeaningisnotclear.Theschoolshop,customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.(高考)注意:whose指物時,whose+n=thenofwhich/ofwhichthenYoudon’tneedtolookupeverywordmeaningisnotclear.二Youdon’tneedtolookupeverywordthemeaningofisnotclear.Weareintroducinganewsystem,aimistocutcosts.=Weareintroducinganewsystemoftheaimistocutcosts.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosearegoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthoseliveswereaffected.14.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstructionofhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.(高考)15.Thenewly-builtcafe,thewallsofarepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.如何選用關(guān)系副詞判成分:如果定語從句不需要主語或者賓語,多半要選擇關(guān)系副詞確定先行詞:先行詞指地點用where;指時間用when;指原因(reason),用why.在定語從句中,when/where/why=適合介詞+whichIwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstmetyou.TwillneverforgetthedayIfirstmetyou.ThisistheschoolwhereIonceworked.二ThisistheschoolIonceworked.Doyouknowthereasonwhyshedoesn’tlikeme?二Doyouknowthereasonwhichshedoesn’tlikeme?4.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanetlifehasdevelopedgradually.Iliveinasmallcity,populationaremostlymigrants.(本人自編題)注意:1,先行詞是時間、地點或者原因,但是定語從句需要主語或者賓語,則把先行詞看成是指物,要使用關(guān)系代詞that/which試比較:ThisistheschoolIusedtowork.ThisistheschoolIusedtoworkin.ChengduNo.9SeniorHighSchool,isanationalkeyschool,iswhereIusedtowork.ChengduNo.9SeniorHighSchool,Iusedtowork,isanationalkeyschool.,ThisistheschoolIvisitedlastweek.,Iwillneverforgetthedayswestayedtogether.,Iwillneverforgetthedayswespenttogetherinthesummer.,Thereasonhegavemesoundsgood.,ThereasonhedislikesmeisthatItellexactlywhatIthinkofhim..By16:30,wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensoldout.,Iwouldrathergotovisitthefactorynextweek,Iwon’tbebusy.(本人自編題)Finally,hereachedalonelyislandwascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.Thatevening,Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.2.定語從句一般緊跟先行詞,但是有時也可能被其它成分隔開。(一定要找準(zhǔn)先行詞哦!)HeistheonlyteacherinmyofficehasbeentoLondon.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriends,weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.小試身手:Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandnature,,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.(高考)Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.(高考)Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregonelocal5-starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.(全國卷)Anecosystemconsistsofthelivingandnonlivingthingsinanareainteractwithoneanother.ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina,heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.三.注意區(qū)別限定性和非限定定語從句限定性定語從句:對先行詞起著修飾限定作用非限定定語從句:對先行詞起補充說明作用注意非限定定語從句不能用thatHemarriedawomanhemetonatrain.Hemarriedaveryniceyoungengineer,hemetonatrain.Didyoulikethewinewedranklastnight?Ipouredhimaglassofwine,hedrankatonce.TheballfelltoCollins,shothitthepost.ChengduNo.9HighSchool,Iusedtowork,isanationalkeyschool..Thesummerof1969,manfirstsetfootonthemoon,willneverbeforgotten.Theseappletrees,Iplantedthreeyearsago,haven’tborneanyfruit.(本人自編題)Asachild,Jackstudiedinvillageschool,isnamedafterhisgrandfather.關(guān)系代詞或者副詞的選用的進一步講解1.which與as的選擇.意義上的區(qū)別as往往翻譯為"正如”;which往往翻譯為"這一點”。Mr.Lucommittedsuicide,madethewholenationsad.Hepassedalltheexaminations,wehadexpected.Heisanengineer,hisbrotherisn’t.As往往有一些相對固定的形式aswehadexpected,asweallknow,asisknowntousall,asis/wasreported,asisoftenthecase,asitturnedout,aswecanrememberetc.Hewaslateforworkthismorning,asisoftenthecase.位置上的區(qū)別which引導(dǎo)的定語從句,常常位于主句之后,作為插入語位于句中,但是一般不能位于句首;as引導(dǎo)的定語從句位置靈活??梢晕挥谥骶渲笪唬鳛椴迦胝Z位于句中,位于句首。ShemarriedJohn,surprisedusall.WheneverImether,wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.(09)Asweknow,lighttravelsinastraightline.Light,asweknow,travelsinastraightline.Lighttravelsinastraightline,asweknow.小試身手:.Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.(06卷).Byservingothers,apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself,canbeveryeye-openingandrewarding.(07卷).Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,wasbeyondhiswildestdream.(07卷)isreportedinthenewspaper,hestudiedinJapanforthreeyears.itturnedout,hepassedtheexamquiteeasily.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.(12)TheBeatles,manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotraveling,turnedouttobeawisedecision.Heisanengineer,hisbrotherisn’t.such+n+asvssuch+n+thatthesame+nasvsthesame+n=thatsuch+n+asvssuch+n+that“such+n+as”引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,常常翻譯為“如……的”,as在定語從句中要充當(dāng)成分;“such+n+that”引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句,翻譯為“如此….以至……”,結(jié)果狀語從句是一個完整的句子,that在句中不充當(dāng)成分。Suchstudents(asyoumentionedjustnow)shouldbepraised.(定語從句)Heissuchagoodstudentthatwealllikehim.(狀語從句)他是如此好的學(xué)生,以致我們都喜歡他。Heissuchagoodstudent(aswealllike.)(定語從句)他是我們大家都喜歡的好學(xué)生。so+adj.+a/an+n+as引導(dǎo)的定語從句和so+adj.+a/an+n+that引導(dǎo)的狀語的區(qū)別同上Heissogoodastudent(aswealllike.)Heissogoodastudentthatwealllikehim.thesame?、thatvsthesame^asA:如果定語從句需要主語或者賓語,thesame???thatthesame^as完全一樣;如果定語從句需要狀語,則只能用thesame^..as他今天穿的夾克和昨天的一樣。Heiswearingthesamejacketas/thatheworeyesterday.Jack和Mike是同一天離開的。JackleftthesamedayasMikeleft.B:thesame???as也可以接短語我有和你一樣的字典Ihavethesamedictionaryasyours.定語從句中夾Iknow,Ithink,Iwish,Ifeel,hesaid,hethought…的情況WearegoingtomeetsomeoneIknow(that)youwilllike.ThisisthewomanAnnsaidwouldshowusthechurch.Itisthebodyofamanthepolicethinkwasmurdered.Itisahousewefeel(that)wemightwanttobuy.Thisisthehousewebelieve(that)Mr.Liwasmurdered.介詞+which/whomtodo結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個省略的定語從句Wemovedtothecountrysothatthechildrenwouldhaveagardenintoplay.Inmyopinion,Mr.Blackisanicemanwithtogeton.that與which的選擇下面限定性定語從句用that,不用which先行詞含all,both,any(thing),some(thing),every(thing),no(thing),none,few,little,much,thevery+n,theonly+n???.用that而不用whichAllthatIwantisyourhappiness.IhopethelittlethatIhavedonehasbeenuseful.Pleasesendusalltheinformationyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.先行詞含序數(shù)詞,最高級時,用that而不用whichThisisoneofthemostdeliciousmealsIhaveeverhad.先行詞既指人又指物,用that,不用which或者whoTheyaretalkingaboutthepeopleandthingstheycanremember.限定性定語從句需要表語,用thatWenzhouisnottheplacethatitwas20yearsago.下面情況用which,不用that在非限定定語中用which,不用thatIn1908

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