考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大連外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大連外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

9.Ifthereisanyendeavourwhosefruitsshouldbefreelyavailable,thatendeavourissurelypubliclyfinancedscience.Morally,taxpayerswhowishtoshouldbeabletoreadaboutitwithoutfurtherexpense.Andscienceadvancesthroughcross-fertilizationbetweenprojects.Barrierstothatexchangeslowitdown.

10.Thereisawidespreadfeelingthatthejournalpublisherswhohavemediatedthisexchangeforthepastcenturyormorearebecominganimpedimenttoit.OneofthelatestconvertsistheBritishgovernment.OnJuly16itannouncedthat,from2013,theresultsoftaxpayer-financedresearchwouldbeavailable,freeandonline,foranyonetoreadandredistribute.

11.Britain’sgovernmentisnotalone.OnJuly17theEuropeanUnionfollowedsuit.Itproposesmakingresearchpaidforbyitsnextscientific-spendinground-whichrunsfrom2014to2020,andwillhandoutabout€80billion,or$100billion,ingrants-similarlyeasytogetholdof.InAmerica,theNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH,thesinglebiggestsourceofcivilianresearchfundsintheworld)hasrequiredopen-accesspublishingsince2008.AndtheWellcomeTrust,aBritishfoundationthatistheworld'ssecond-biggestcharitablesourceofscientificmoney,aftertheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation,alsoinsiststhatthosewhoreceiveitssupportmaketheirworkavailablefree.

12.Criticismofjournalpublishersusuallyboilsdowntotwothings,Oneisthattheirprocessestakemonths,whentheinternetcouldallowthemtotakedays,Theotheristhatbecauseeachpaperislikeamini-monopoly,whichworkersinthefieldhavetoreadiftheyaretoadvancetheirownresearch,thereisnoincentivetokeepthepricedown.Thepublishersthushavescientists?or,moreaccurately,theiruniversities,whichpaythesubscriptions-inanarmlock.That,combinedwiththefactthattherawmaterial(manuscriptsofpapers)isfree,leadstogenerousreturns.In2011Elsevier,alargeDutchpublisher,madeaprofitof￡768monrevenuesof￡2.06billion-amarginof37%.Indeed,Elsevier'sprofitsarethoughtsoegregiousbymanypeoplethat12,000researchershavesigneduptoboycottthecompany’sjournals.

13.Publishersdoprovideaservice.Theyorganizepeerreview,inwhichpapersarecriticizedanonymouslybyexperts(thoughthoseexperts,liketheauthorsofpapers,areseldompaidforwhattheydo).Theyalsosortthescientificsheepfromthegoats,bydecidingwhatgetspublished,andwhere.Thatgivesthepublishershugepower.Sinceresearchers,administratorsandgrant-awardingbodiesalltakenoteofwhichworkhasgotthroughthisfilteringmechanism,thecompetitiontopublishinthebestjournalsisintense,andthesystembecomesself-reinforcing,increasingthevalueofthosejournalsstillfurther.

14.Butnot,perhaps,formuchlonger.Supporthasbeenswellingforopen-accessscientificpublishing:doingitonline,inawaythatallowsanyonetoreadpapersfreeofcharge.Themovementstartedamongscientiststhemselves,butgovernmentsarenow,asBritain'sannouncementmakesclear,payingattentionandaskingwhethertheytoomightbenefitfromthechange.

15.TheBritishannouncementfollowedthepublicationofareportbyDameJanetFinch,asociologistattheUniversityofManchester,whichrecommendsencouragingabusinessmodeladoptedbyoneofthepioneersofopen-accesspublishing,thePublicLibraryofScience.Thisorganization,acharitybasedinSanFrancisco,chargesauthorsafee(between$1,350and$2,900,thoughitiswaivedincasesofhardship)andthenmakestheirpapersavailableovertheinternetfornothing.ForPLoS,asthecharityiswidelyknown,thisworkswell.Ithaslaunchedsevenwidelyrespectedelectronicjournalssinceitsfoundationin2000.Forreasonslostinhistory,thisisknownasthegoldmodel.

16.TheNIH’sapproachisdifferent.Itletsresearcherspublishintraditionaljournals,butonconditionthat,withinayear,theyposttheirpapersonafree"repository"websitecalledPubMed.Journalshavetoagreetothis,orbeexcludedfromtheprocess.Thisisknownasthegreenmodel.

17.Bothgoldandgreenmodelsinvolvepre-publicationpeerreview.Butathirddoesawaywitheventhat.Manyscientists,physicistsinparticular,nowuploaddraftsoftheirpapersintopublicarchivespaidforbynetworksofuniversitiesforthegeneralgood.(Themostpopularisknownas"arXivn,themiddleletterbeingaGreekchi.)Here,manuscriptsaresubjecttoaruthlessprocessofopenpeerreview,ratherthanthesecretsorttraditionalpublishersemploy.AnarXivedpapermayendupinatraditionaljournal,butthatismerelytoprovideapublicmarkofapprovalfortheresearchteamwhowroteit.Itsactualpublicationanditsvaluetootherscientistsdatefromitsoriginalarrivalonline.

18.ThesuccessofPLoS,andthepoliticalshifttowardsopenaccess,isencouragingothernewventurestoo.Seeingthewritingonthewall,severalcommercialpublishersareexperimentingwithgold-modelpublishing.Meanwhile,laterthisyearacoalitionoftheWellcomeTrust,theMaxPlanckInstitute(whichrunsmanyofGermany'sleadinglaboratories)andtheHowardHughesMedicalInstitutewillpublishthefirsteditionofeLife,anopen-accessjournalwithambitionstorivalthemostfamousjournalofthelot,Nature.Thedeeppocketsoftheseorganizationsmeanthat,forthefirstfewyearsatleast,thisjournalwillnotevenrequireapublicationfee.

19.Muchremainstobeworkedout.Somefearthelossofthetraditionaljournals*curationandverificationofresearch.EvenSirMarkWalport,thedirectoroftheWellcomeTrustandafierceadvocateofopen-accesspublication,worriesthatasystembasedonthegreenmodelcouldbecomefragmented.ThatmighthappenifthenewlyliberatedpapersendedupindifferentplacesratherthanbeingconsolidatedinthewaytheNIHinsistson.ButresearchjustpublishedinBMCMedicine(anopen-accessjournalfromSpringer)suggestspapersinopen-accessjournalsareaswidelycitedasthoseintraditionalpublications.

20.Arevolution,then,hasbegun.Technologypermitsit;researchersandpoliticianswantit.

Ifscientificpublishersarenottremblingintheirboots,theyshouldbe.

1.TheopeningparagraphsoftextBseemtoindicatethat（

）

2.AccordingtotextB,theBillandMelindaGatesFoundation（

）.

3.TextBstatesthatpeoplewhoareunhappywithpublishersofscientificjournals（

）.

4.Whenscientificpaperspassthroughpeerreview,（

）.

5.Thewordegregiousinparagraph12means（

）.

6.InthepublicationmodelsdescribedintextB,peerreviewoccurs（

）.

7.Paragraph18（

）.

8.TowardstheendoftextB,theauthormentionstheconcernsofSirMarkWalport,who（

）.

9.IfonecomparestextAandtextB,onecanseethat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.scientistsareangeredbythepublicationpracticesthattheyconfrontintheirwork.

B.commercialpublishersareincreasinglyseenasanegativefactorinscience.

C.commercialpublishersareneededmorethaneverinordertoseparategoodresearchfrompoorresearch.

D.lessgoodresearchisappearingasaresultofthecontrolexercisedbyjournalpublishers.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.isaveryimportantprovideroffundingforscientificresearch.

B.requiresthatresearcherssupportedbytheFoundationmaketheirfindingsfreelyavailabletothepublic.

C.followstheexamplesetbytheNIHinAmerica.

D.hasamonopolyonanyresearchresultsproducedbyscientistsitsupports.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.objecttotheirslownessandthehighcostofthejournals.

B.thinkthatsuchjournalsshouldbeabolishedasanobstacletofreespeech.

C.criticizeabovealltheunfairnessofchoosingsomearticlesforpublicationandnotothers.

D.blamethemfortheslowpaceofscientificprogressinrecentyears.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyarebeinggradedandassignedtodifferentlevelsofpublication.

B.governmentofficialsdecidewhatresearchisworthyofpublication.

C.researchersarebeingpaidtocriticizetheworkoffellowresearchers.

D.scientistsareevaluatingtheworkofotherscientistsintheirfield

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.somewhatunfavorable

B.quiteunnecessary

C.strikinglyunreasonable

D.clearlybizarre

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.beforepublicationinthefirsttwo,afterpublicationinthethird

B.insecretandwithoutthenameofthereviewersbeingknown

C.forpapersinsomescientificfieldsbutnotinothers

D.inexactlythesameway.Peerreviewisnotanissue

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.seemstoindicatethatmostjournalpublishersareresistinganychange.

B.makesitclearthatthepresentpublishingarrangementsaredoomed

C.providessupportforthestrongassertionsinthefinalparagraphofthetext.

D.ineffectpredictsthatthecommercialpublisherswillwininthestrugglewithfreeopen-accesspublication.

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.fearsthatthequalityofscientificpublishingiscurrentlyindecline.

B.stronglysupportsthegreenmodelovercurrentarrangementsandotherpublishingmodels.

C.believesthattheweaknessesofthegreenmodelcaneasilyberemediedbytheuseofopen-accessrepositorywebsitesforresearch.

D.worriesthatgoodpaperspublishedinopen-accessjournalsandrepositoriesmaynotreceivetheattentionthattheydeserve.

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.bothtextsarestraightforwardreports,i.e.objectivepresentationsoffacts.

B.textBisbasicallyadiscussionessayadvancingcertainopinions,whiletextAisasimplereport.

C.bothtextsareintendedtowinthereaderovertocertainviews.

D.textAisintendedtowinsupportforacertaindirectioninresearch,whereastextBexplainsadilemmainstraightforwardterms,withouttakingapositionofanysort

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:D

第9題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干意思為“文章B開始的段落似乎為了指出……”。第十段指出:Thereisawidespreadfeelingthatthejournalpublisherswhohavemediatedthisexchangeforthepastcenturyormorearebecominganimpedimenttoit(人們普遍認(rèn)為,在過(guò)去一個(gè)世紀(jì)或更多時(shí)間調(diào)停這個(gè)交換（即科研成果）的期刊出版商正成為該調(diào)停的障礙?？芍狟項(xiàng)“商業(yè)出版商正越來(lái)越被看成是科學(xué)的消極因素”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第11段:AndtheWelcomeTrust,aBritishfoundationthatistheworld'ssecond-biggestcharitablesourceofscientificmoney,aftertheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation,alsoinsiststhatthosewhoreceiveitssupportmaketheirworkavailablefree(另外，僅次于比爾和梅林達(dá)蓋茨基金會(huì)，作去世界上第二大慈善科研資金來(lái)源的英國(guó)維康信托基金會(huì)，也堅(jiān)持要求那些接受它支持的對(duì)象必須公開科研成果)。由此可知A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)重要的科研資金提供者”正確.。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第十二段第一句指出:Criticismofjournalpublishersusuallyboilsdowntotwothings,Oneisthattheirprocessestakemonths,whentheinternetcouldallowthemtotakedays,Theotheristhatbecauseeachpaperislikeamini-monopoly,whichworkersinthefieldhavetoreadiftheyaretoadvancetheirownresearch,thereisnoincentivetokeepthepricedown(對(duì)期刊出版商的批評(píng)通常歸結(jié)為兩件事，一是他們的過(guò)程需要幾個(gè)月，當(dāng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)允許他們花上幾天的時(shí)間時(shí)，另一個(gè)是因?yàn)槊恳环輬?bào)紙都像一個(gè)小的壟斷，如果他們想提高自己的閱讀水平，這一領(lǐng)域的工作人員必須閱讀,沒(méi)有降價(jià)的空間),可知A項(xiàng)“抗議他們（出版商）的速度慢和期刊的高價(jià)格”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干說(shuō)“當(dāng)科學(xué)論文通過(guò)同行評(píng)審時(shí)…”。第十三段:Theyorganizepeerreview,inwhichpapersarecriticizedanonymouslybyexperts（thoughthoseexperts,liketheauthorsofpapers,areseldompaidforwhattheydo）(他們（即出版商）組織同行評(píng)審，在該評(píng)審中專家們不具名地對(duì)論文進(jìn)行評(píng)論（但是這些專家如論文的作者樣很少為自己的工作而得到報(bào)酬）)。由此可知D項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家將評(píng)價(jià)自己領(lǐng)域其它科學(xué)家的工作”正確。

5.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第十二段:Indeed,Elsevier'sprofitsarethoughtsoegregiousbymany

peoplethat12,000researchershavesigneduptoboycottthecompany'sjournals(的確，愛(ài)思唯爾（世界領(lǐng)先的科技及醫(yī)學(xué)出版公司）的利潤(rùn)被許多人認(rèn)為是如此……，以致1.2萬(wàn)名研究者簽名去聯(lián)合抵制這家公司的期刊)。由此推測(cè)egregious的意思為“非常不合理的；過(guò)分的”。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第17段中“Bothgoldandgreenmodelsinvolvepre-publicationpeerreview.Butathirddoesawaywitheventhat.金色和綠色模式涉及出版前同行評(píng)審，但是第三種模式經(jīng)常不用在出版前進(jìn)行同行評(píng)審”知A項(xiàng)“在前兩種（出版模式）中發(fā)生在出版前，在第三中（出版模式）發(fā)生在出版后”正確

7.推理判斷題。第十八段:Thedeeppocketsoftheseorganizationsmeanthat,forthefirstfewyearsatleast,thisjournalwillnotevenrequireapublicationfee(這些組織的雄厚財(cái)力意味著至少在前幾年這個(gè)期刊將甚至不需要出版費(fèi))及第二句:severalcommercialpublishersareexperimentingwithgold-modelpublishing(幾個(gè)商業(yè)出版商正在試用金色模式的出版)?？赏浦白髡邔?duì)傳統(tǒng)的科學(xué)期刊出版商的擔(dān)憂”，這為第二十段中的“Ifscientificpublishersarenottremblingintheirboots,theyshouldbe.如果科學(xué)出版商沒(méi)有覺(jué)得擔(dān)心的話，那么他們應(yīng)該開始擔(dān)心了”提供了論據(jù)支持，故C項(xiàng)“為文章最后一段中的有力的斷言提供了支持”正確。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至文章后面第十九段:ButresearchjustpublishedinBMCMedicine（anopen-accessjournalfromSpringer）suggestspapersinopen-accessjournalsareaswidelycitedasthoseintraditionalpublications(但是《BMC醫(yī)學(xué)》（斯普林格的一個(gè)開放閱覽期刊）最近公布的調(diào)查顯示開放閱覽期刊被引用的廣泛程度和傳統(tǒng)期刊一樣多)中的but“但是”表轉(zhuǎn)折的對(duì)應(yīng)可推測(cè)“MarkWalport先生擔(dān)心開放閱覽期刊相比傳統(tǒng)期刊可能收不到應(yīng)有的關(guān)注”，由此知D項(xiàng)“擔(dān)心發(fā)布在開放閱覽期刊和存放處上的好論文可能受不到它們應(yīng)有的關(guān)注”正確。

9.主旨大意題。文章A中最后一段引用教授JamesHorne的話來(lái)對(duì)教授Dijk的研究進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)及文章A全文都在用報(bào)告的方式進(jìn)行敘述,因此文章A是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的報(bào)告文章，而文章B中大多數(shù)段落如第13段首句“Publishersdoprovideaservice.出版商確實(shí)也提供服務(wù)”、第19段首句“Muchremainstobeworkedout.還需要解決很多事情”等提出觀點(diǎn)后再論證”知文章B基本上是提出某些觀點(diǎn)的一個(gè)議論文，由此知B項(xiàng)“文章B基本上是提出某些觀點(diǎn)的一個(gè)議論文，而文章A是一篇簡(jiǎn)單的報(bào)告文章”正確；

2.翻譯題

商務(wù)印書館是中國(guó)現(xiàn)代出版史上歷史最悠久的文化出版機(jī)構(gòu)。作為國(guó)內(nèi)外著名的出版機(jī)構(gòu),它為文化的傳播和新知識(shí)的介紹做出了卓越的貢獻(xiàn)。出版物遍及社會(huì)科學(xué)、自然科學(xué)、應(yīng)用技術(shù)、文學(xué)藝術(shù)、兒童讀物、教科書、中外語(yǔ)文辭書、各類雜志和各個(gè)門類專業(yè)的工具書。商務(wù)印書館的出版物,對(duì)我國(guó)思想界、文化界、教育界均有一定的影響。

通信衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)在過(guò)去的幾十年中取得了很大的成功,已引起了人們對(duì)未來(lái)的廣泛的關(guān)注,一些國(guó)家正在采用衛(wèi)星來(lái)發(fā)展國(guó)內(nèi)的通信,以取代傳統(tǒng)的陸地電話線。但是,衛(wèi)星研制、發(fā)射和運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的成本很高,超出了一些國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)承受能力。盡管如此,通信衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)得到了越來(lái)越多的人的重視和支持,這種技術(shù)會(huì)在未來(lái)更加普及。

【答案】TheCommercialPressistheoldestculturalpublishinghouseinthehistoryofChina’scontemporarypublication.Asawell-knownpublishinghouseenjoyinggreatprestigebothathomeandabroad,ithasmadeoutstandingcontributionstothepropagationofcultureandtheintroductionofnewknowledge.Bookspublishedbyitincludevariouscategoriesofpublicationsrelativetosocialscience,naturescience,appliedscience,artandliterature,children’sbooks,textbooks,dictionariesofChineseandforeignlanguages,differentkindsofmagazinesandspecializedreferencebooks,whichhaveexertedgreatinfluenceintheideological,culturalandeducationalcirclesofourcountry.

Communicationsatellitesystemshavebeenquiteasuccessinthepastdecades,evokingwidespreadattentiontotheirfuture.Somecountrieshavebeenusingsatellitesfordomesticcommunicationsinplaceofconventionaltelephonelinesonland.Butsatellites’development,launchingandoperationaresocostlythatsomecountriescan’tafford.Inspiteofallthis,communicationsatellitesaregainingattentionandsupportfrommoreandmorepeople.Thetechniqueseemslikelytobemorewidelyutilizedinthefuture.

3.單選題

Thebucketsofwaterarehungonthewallasa____againstfire.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.token

B.indication

C.precaution

D.extinguisher

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.token標(biāo)志；象征B.indication跡象

C.precaution預(yù)防措施；預(yù)防D.extinguisher滅火器

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析與語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】空格處所在部分語(yǔ)義為“作為一個(gè)防火的____”，這指的是前文提到的“水桶”，水桶應(yīng)該是預(yù)防火災(zāi)的，C選項(xiàng)precaution“預(yù)防措施；預(yù)防”符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)不符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接。

【句意】水桶掛在墻上以防火災(zāi)。

4.單選題

Aboutone-thirdoftheadulthomelessare（

）mentallyill,andabouthalfarealcoholicorabusedrugs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.chronically

B.sparsely

C.adequately

D.individually

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。chronically意為“慢性地，習(xí)慣性地，長(zhǎng)期地”；sparsely意為“稀疏地，節(jié)省地”；adequately意為“足夠地”；individually意為“分別地，單獨(dú)地”。

句意：大約三分之一的無(wú)家可歸的人患有慢性精神病，而且大約有一半是酗酒或吸毒的。

5.單選題

Manypeoplethinkofdesertsas（）regions,butnumerousspeciesofplantsandanimalshaveadaptedtolifethere.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.remote

B.virgin

C.alien

D.barren

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)remote“遙遠(yuǎn)的；偏僻的；疏遠(yuǎn)的”；B選項(xiàng)virgin“純潔的；未經(jīng)利用的，處于原始狀態(tài)的”；C選項(xiàng)alien“外國(guó)的；性質(zhì)不同的；不相容的”；D選項(xiàng)barren“貧瘠的；不生育的；無(wú)益的”。句意：盡管很多人認(rèn)為沙漠是不生育的地區(qū)，但是許多動(dòng)植物物種卻已適應(yīng)了那里的生活。由關(guān)鍵詞“deserts沙漠”的對(duì)應(yīng)知“不生育的”符合語(yǔ)境，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.寫作題

Directions:Writeashortessayofabout300wordsonthefollowingtopic.Doremembertoprovideatitleforyouressay,WriteyouressayontheANSWERSHEET.

Nowadays,moreandmoreyoungpeoplepreferonlineshopping.Haveyoueverhadsuchexperiences?Commentonthistrendbyanalyzingitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.

【答案】略

7.單選題

Everybody,studentsandteachersalike,（）gladthatJackhassignedupforthecompositioncontest.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.are

B.is

C.do

D.does

【答案】B

【解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。glad為形容詞，表示“高興的，樂(lè)意的”，需與be動(dòng)詞搭配，故排除C、D選項(xiàng)。studentsandteachersalike為插入語(yǔ)，是對(duì)主語(yǔ)everybody的解釋說(shuō)明，不影響謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)選用is，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

Psychologyhasslowlyevolvedintoan（

）scientificdisciplinethatnowfunctionsautonomouslywiththesameprivilegesandresponsibilitiesasothersciences.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.independent

B.unusual

C.outmoded

D.exceeded

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。independent“獨(dú)立的”；unusual“不尋常的；與眾不同的”；outmoded“過(guò)時(shí)的”；exceeded“非常的；過(guò)度的”。句意：心理學(xué)已慢慢演變成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的學(xué)科，如今有著與其他自然科學(xué)同樣特權(quán)和責(zé)任的它獨(dú)立自主地行使職責(zé)。由functionsautonomously可知A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。

9.單選題

Whenpeoplespeakofsolarenergy,theythinkonlyofthesun’sraysheatingahomeor______electricityfromthesun.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.derive

B.ofderiving

C.deriving

D.toderive

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。Thinkof后面應(yīng)該接名詞或者動(dòng)名詞，故排除A、B、D項(xiàng)，只有C項(xiàng)正確。句意：當(dāng)人們談到太陽(yáng)能時(shí)，他們想到的只是用太陽(yáng)的光線來(lái)加熱房屋或從太陽(yáng)中獲得電力。因此該題選C。

10.單選題

WhenTitanicwashitbyanicebergduringhermaidenvoyage,thecaptainwasforcedto（）it.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abandon

B.towaway

C.renounce

D.overturn

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。abandon“放棄”；towaway“拖走”；renounce“宣布放棄”；overturn“顛覆，推翻”。句意：當(dāng)泰坦尼克號(hào)被冰山襲擊時(shí)，船長(zhǎng)被迫放棄她。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Thediscussionquickly（）intoanangryargument.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deteriorated

B.aggravated

C.increase

D.declined

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)deteriorate“惡化”，B項(xiàng)aggravate“加重、激怒”，C項(xiàng)increase“提高”，D項(xiàng)decline“拒絕”；句意：這場(chǎng)討論迅速演變成憤怒的爭(zhēng)吵。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

The（）ofthelakeiscoveredwithreedsandrushes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bank

B.shore

C.band

D.coast

【答案】A

【解析】bank岸,淺灘；shore海濱；band環(huán),樂(lè)隊(duì)；coast海岸。選項(xiàng)B和D多指海,選項(xiàng)C不符合句意。只有選項(xiàng)A正確。

13.寫作題

MiltonMizneroncesaid,“Agoodlistenerisnotonlypopulareverywhere,butafterawhilehegetstoknowsomething.”

Listeningisnotthesimplethingitseemstobe.Listeningisparticipatinginatleastfiveimportantways.Youareagoodlistenerif

1.youcan“see”anideawhenyouhearit.

2.youcandistinguishbetweenessentialpointsanddetails.

3.youcandistinguishbetweenfactsandopinions.

4.youcandistinguishbetweeninformationandpersuasion.

5.andifyoucanthenmakeupyourownmindaboutwhathasbeensaid.

Youaretowriteacompositionof150wordsorsoaboutthepoweroflistening.Youshouldwriteaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.Pleasewriteyourcompositionneatlyandclearlyonyouranswersheet.

Topic:ThePowerofListening

Outline

Ievaluateyourlisteningpower

IIjustifytheneedtoimprovelisteningpowereducationally,socially,politically,nationallyandinternationally

IIIdrawanaturalconclusion

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.

Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

【答案】Listeningisoneofthemostimportantskillsonecanpossess.Asforme,Ilistentoobtaininformation,tounderstandandtolearn.Ipreferreductivelistening,whichhelpsmereduceeverythingdowntowhatisrelevantanddiscardeverythingthat’snotrelevant.ThatmeanswhenIcommunicatewithothers,Iprefertolistenwithpurpose.Icanalwaysgetmyanswerafterconversation.Frommypointofview,thepoweroflisteningisthatyoumakeaconsciousefforttohearnotonlythewordsthatanotherpersonissaying,butmoreimportantly,trytounderstandthecompletemessagebeingsent.Iwillillustratemypointfromfollowingaspects.

Inclass,itissignificantforbothteacherandstudentstoactivelylisten.Listentothequestionsofstudentsmayhelpteacherfindanefficientwaytoimproveteachingskillandlistentothekeyinformationthatteacherdeliveredcouldhelpstudentsgainabundantknowledge.Insociety,listeningisalsoanindispensablewaytopromotemutualunderstandingandtrust.Thetwocountriesenjoyfirmandfriendlyrelationsifactivelisteningisconducted.Forexample,resultfromlisteningtoeachotherandofferingtimelyhelp,ChinaandPakistanenjoytraditionalfriendship.Ontheotherside,AmericafailedtolistentotheappealandsuggestionsofChina,thetradedisputeswouldnevercease.

Inaword,listeningisacrucialskillthatneedstobelearnedandpracticedfromallaspectsofourdailylife.

14.單選題

Ifaspeciesofparasiteistosurvive,thehostorganismsmustlivelongenoughfortheparasitetoreproduce;ifthehostspeciesbecomes______,sodoitsparasites.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.succumbed

B.extinct

C.infertile

D.widespread

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)succumbed為succumb的過(guò)去分詞，表示“屈服”，B項(xiàng)extinct“滅絕的，絕種的”，C項(xiàng)infertile“不肥沃的，不毛的”，D項(xiàng)widespread“普遍的，廣泛的”。由hostorganisms（宿主）可知，hostspecies指的一種寄生蟲寄生的生物，而前面是說(shuō)“如果一種寄生蟲要存活，宿主必須活得足夠長(zhǎng)，以便寄生蟲繁殖”，那么后面講的是另外一種情況，所以只有B項(xiàng)符合。句意：如果一種寄生蟲要存活下來(lái)，宿主有機(jī)體必須活得足夠長(zhǎng)，以便寄生蟲繁殖；如果宿主物種滅絕，它的寄生蟲也會(huì)滅絕。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

15.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

Handinhandwiththerecentspectacularadvancesinradiotechnology,therehasbeenadramaticincreaseinthescientificandpublicrespectabilityoftheentiresubjectofextraterrestriallife.AclearsignofthenewattitudeistheVikingmissionstoMarswhicharetoasignificantextentdedicatedtothesearchforlifeonanotherplanet.Butalongwiththeburgeoningdedicationtoaserioussearch,aslightlynegativenotehasemergedwhichisneverthelessveryinteresting.Afewscientistshavelatelyaskedacuriousquestion:ifextraterrestrialintelligenceisabundantwhyhavewenotalreadyseenitsmanifestations?Thinkoftheadvancesbyourowntechnologicalcivilizationinthepasttenthousandyearsandimaginesuchadvancescontinuedovermillionsorbillionsofyearsmore.Ifonlyatinyfractionofadvancedcivilizationsaremillionsorbillionsofyearsmoreadvancedthanours,whyhavetheynotproducedartifactsdevicesorevenindustrialpollutionofsuchmagnitudethatwewouldhavedetectedit?

【答案】隨著無(wú)線電技術(shù)的突飛猛進(jìn)，科學(xué)界和公眾對(duì)外太空生物這一個(gè)課題的認(rèn)識(shí)有了極大的提高。這種新態(tài)度明顯的標(biāo)志事件就是向火星發(fā)射“海盜”號(hào)火星探測(cè)器。這些發(fā)射在很大程度上是致力于去尋找其他星球上的生物。但是隨著對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究的不斷投入，出現(xiàn)了一些帶否定意味但是很有趣的聲音。近來(lái)少數(shù)科學(xué)家提出了一個(gè)奇怪的疑問(wèn)：如果外太空生物多的話為什么我們沒(méi)有看到任何相關(guān)跡象？想想我們?cè)谶^(guò)去一萬(wàn)年里科技文明的進(jìn)步。再設(shè)想一下，這些進(jìn)步將持續(xù)數(shù)百萬(wàn)甚至十億年的時(shí)間。如果有某個(gè)地方的文明比我們的文明先進(jìn)數(shù)百萬(wàn)年或者數(shù)十億年，他們?yōu)槭裁床荒苌a(chǎn)出一些物件，器械裝置和我們本應(yīng)該檢測(cè)到的大量的工業(yè)污染？

16.單選題

Samanthasobbeduncontrollablyandhidinthelockerroom,so______wassheabouthavinglostinthefinalsofthestatetennischampionship.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pragmatic

B.dejected

C.jubilant

D.indifferent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)pragmatic“務(wù)實(shí)的”；B選項(xiàng)dejected“沮喪的”；C選項(xiàng)jubilant“歡呼雀躍的”；D選項(xiàng)indifferent“漠不關(guān)心的”。句意：薩曼莎控制不住哭泣，躲在更衣室里，非常______她輸?shù)袅酥菥W(wǎng)球錦標(biāo)賽的決賽。輸?shù)舯荣愐院笏_曼莎哭泣，躲在更衣室里不想見(jiàn)人，B選項(xiàng)dejected“沮喪的”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

DrMeekwrote:“Asistruewithmostanimals,thewolfisanopportunistwhilstthedeerisoneoftheshyest（）animalsinexistence.”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.savage

B.tame

C.wild

D.strange

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。選項(xiàng)A：savage“野蠻的，殘酷的，狂怒的；荒涼的”;選項(xiàng)B:tame“馴服的，順從的”；選項(xiàng)C:wild“野生的，野蠻的”；選項(xiàng)D：strange意為“奇怪的，陌生的”。根據(jù)題干意思，選項(xiàng)C更切合題意，正確。句意：Meek博士寫道:“就像大多數(shù)動(dòng)物一樣，狼是機(jī)會(huì)主義者，而鹿是世界上最害羞的野生動(dòng)物之一?！?/p>

18.翻譯題

Thetrampseemstohavebeenamanofgoodhumorandphilosophictemperament—asindeedvagrantsverycommonlyare.EveryoneelsewasenjoyingChristmas,sohesawnogoodreasonwhyheshouldnotdothesame.Hesubmitted,cheerfullyenough,tobeingtakenawaybythepolice.PerhapshehadhadabetterChristmasthanusual.Hewassenttoprisonforsevendays.Thejudgeawardednocompensationtothechainstoreforthefoodanddrinkourtramphadconsumed.Theyhad,inhisopinion,alreadyreceivedvaluablefreepublicityfromthecoveragethestoryreceivedinthenewspapersandontelevision.

【答案】流浪漢似乎是一個(gè)很有幽默感和哲學(xué)氣質(zhì)的人——實(shí)際上流浪漢通常都是這樣的。其他人都在享受圣誕節(jié)，所以他覺(jué)得沒(méi)有什么理由不讓自己也這么做。他很高興地讓警察把他帶走了。也許他圣誕節(jié)過(guò)得比平時(shí)好。他被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄7天。對(duì)于我們的流浪漢吃的食物和飲料，法官?zèng)]有判給連鎖店任何賠償。在他看來(lái)，他們已經(jīng)接受了從報(bào)紙和電視上的報(bào)道中獲得了寶貴的免費(fèi)宣傳。

19.單選題

Tohim,NewYorkwasaplace（

）broughtbacktomindpainfulmemories.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.where

B.inwhich

C.that

D.there

【答案】C

【解析】句意:于他而言，紐約是一個(gè)有痛苦記憶的地方。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。先行詞為Place,在主句中作表語(yǔ),所以定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞用that。

20.單選題

Thereisno（）whateverforthemannerinwhichyoubehavedfoolishlyattheEnglishparty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.jurisdiction

B.justification

C.judgment

D.junction

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)jurisdiction“司法權(quán)，審判權(quán)，管轄權(quán)；權(quán)限”；B選項(xiàng)justification“理由；辯護(hù)；認(rèn)為有理”；C選項(xiàng)judgment“判斷；裁判；判決書”；D選項(xiàng)junction“連接；交叉點(diǎn)；接合點(diǎn)”。句意：你在英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)上的愚蠢行為根本就沒(méi)有……。此處表示“愚蠢行為”是無(wú)理的，B選項(xiàng)符合句意要求。

21.單選題

Inminuteshehastakenoverthewhole（）,lyingunderthesinkandsquinting（瞇眼看）upintothemachinery.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conscience

B.restraint

C.trial

D.enterprise

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。conscience道德,良心;restraint抑制,約束;trial試驗(yàn),努力;enterprise企業(yè),進(jìn)取心。句意：幾分鐘后,他就接管了整個(gè)企業(yè),躺在水池下面,瞇著眼睛看著機(jī)器。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

22.單選題

Althoughhethoughthewashelpingustopreparethedinner,hewasactually（）theway.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.after

C.on

D.by

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)intheway“擋道，礙事，妨礙某人”；B選項(xiàng)aftertheway英語(yǔ)里沒(méi)有這樣的短語(yǔ)。C選項(xiàng)ontheway“在途中，在路上，從某種程度上來(lái)說(shuō)”；D選項(xiàng)bytheway“順便說(shuō)說(shuō)，順便問(wèn)一下”，句意：他以為他在幫我們準(zhǔn)備晚餐，其實(shí)根本不是這么回事。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

23.單選題

Insomecountries,studentsareexpectedtobequietand（

）intheclassroom.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.skeptical

B.faithful

C.obedient

D.subsidiary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。skeptical懷疑的；faithful忠誠(chéng)的，盡職的；obedient順從的，服從的；subsidiary輔助的，附屬的。句意：在一些國(guó)家，人們期望學(xué)生們?cè)谡n堂上保持安靜、順從聽話。由“quietand”可推斷and之后的詞義應(yīng)與quiet性質(zhì)一致，故C項(xiàng)符合題意，答案C

24.單選題

Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecializedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.

Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.

TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan￡900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan￡210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.

Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.

InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:eitherfreelyavailablefromthe