考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天水師范學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天水師范學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

BillieHoliday’sreputationasagreatjazz-bluessingerrestsonherability（

）emotionaldepthtohersongs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.begiving

B.aregiven

C.togive

D.beinggiven

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。haveabilitytodosth有能力做某事。句意：比利霍樂(lè)迪，作為一位偉大的爵士布魯斯歌手，她的盛名在于能將感情融入到歌曲中。故C項(xiàng)正確。

2.翻譯題

FormanyChinesepeople,thebeginningof2011holdsthepromiseofafreshroundofeducationreforms,whichareexpectedtoboostthecountry’seducationqualitythroughincreasinggovernmentinvestment,narrowinggapsbetweenurbanandruralschools,achievinginternationallyacknowledgedhighereducationandreducingacademiccorruptionandbureaucracy.

Accordingtothelandmarkreformplan,governmentinvestmentwillincreasesteadilytosupporttheeducationsector,witheducationexpenditureamountingto4%ofGDPby2012.

Chinafirstpledgedtoincreaseitseducationspendingto4percentoftheGDPin1993,buthas,sofar,failedtoachievethetarget.Theplan,whichtookoneyearandninemonthstodrawupandinvitedpublicsubmissionontwoseparateoccasions,wasseenassettingthetoneforthedevelopmentofeducationsector,whichhaslongsufferedfromfundingshortageandunbalanceddevelopmentbetweenruralandurbanareas.

Thedevelopmentofeducation,rangingfrompreschooleducationtovocationaleducationinruralareas,willbeapriorityofthecountry’soveralldevelopmentprograms.

The22-chapterplansayspreschooleducationshouldbasicallybeuniversalby2020,andnine-yearcompulsoryeducationpolicyshouldbeconsolidated.Theenrolmentrateforseniormiddleschoolshouldbe90percentofschoolagechildren,whiletheenrolmentrateforhighereducationshouldbe40percentofhighschoolgraduates.

ThekeyforChinatobuildworld-leveluniversitiesliesinauthorizingtheeducators,studentsandsocietytoassessthequalityofeducation,allowingprofessorstoconductacademicresearchwithfullfreedomandempoweringstudentstoparticipateinuniversityadministration.

【答案】【參考譯文】對(duì)許多中國(guó)人而言，2011年初有望進(jìn)行新一輪教育改革，通過(guò)增加政府投資、縮小城鄉(xiāng)差距、取得國(guó)際承認(rèn)的高等教育、減少學(xué)術(shù)腐敗和官僚主義，來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)的教育質(zhì)量的提高。

根據(jù)這個(gè)具有里程碑意義的改革計(jì)劃，政府支持教育部門的投資將會(huì)穩(wěn)步增加，到2012年，教育經(jīng)費(fèi)將總計(jì)達(dá)到國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的百分之四。

中國(guó)在1993年首次承諾將教育經(jīng)費(fèi)增加至國(guó)內(nèi)成產(chǎn)總值的百分之四，但到目前為止還沒(méi)有達(dá)到該目標(biāo)。這個(gè)耗費(fèi)了一年又九個(gè)月時(shí)間來(lái)起草并在兩個(gè)單獨(dú)場(chǎng)合邀請(qǐng)公眾提供意見(jiàn)的計(jì)劃，被視為為長(zhǎng)期遭受資金短缺的城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展不平衡的教育部門的發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

農(nóng)村地區(qū)從學(xué)前教育到職業(yè)教育的教育發(fā)展將是我國(guó)整體發(fā)展規(guī)劃中的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)。

這個(gè)有二十二個(gè)章節(jié)的計(jì)劃稱，學(xué)前教育到2020年時(shí)應(yīng)該基本普及且九年義務(wù)教育政策應(yīng)該被鞏固。高中的升學(xué)率應(yīng)該是兒童的90%，而高等教育的升學(xué)率應(yīng)該是高中畢業(yè)生的40%。

中國(guó)建設(shè)世界級(jí)大學(xué)的關(guān)鍵在于授權(quán)教育工作者、學(xué)生和社會(huì)去評(píng)估教學(xué)質(zhì)量，允許教授自由進(jìn)行學(xué)術(shù)研究，允許學(xué)生參加大學(xué)的管理。

3.單選題

The（

）inJanet’scharacterhashinderedherfromadvancementinhercareer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.weakness

B.merit

C.defect

D.shortcoming

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。weakness“弱點(diǎn)，嗜好”；merit“優(yōu)點(diǎn)，長(zhǎng)處”；defect“缺點(diǎn)，缺陷”；shortcoming“缺點(diǎn)，短處”。句意：Janet性格上的缺陷阻礙了她的事業(yè)上升。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Therobberwasbroughttothejudge,______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hishandswerefasttied

B.hishandstobefasttied

C.hishandshavingbeenfasttied

D.hishandsfasttied

【答案】D

【解析】考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：搶劫犯被帶到法官面前，雙手被綁得緊緊的。根據(jù)雙手被綁確定用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)合動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以D選項(xiàng)hishandsfasttied正確。A選項(xiàng)hishandswerefasttied是完整的句子，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)hishandstobefasttied表示動(dòng)作未發(fā)生，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)hishandshavingbeenfasttied表示動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Theactualcostofthebuildingwasmuchhigherthanouroriginal（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consideration

B.judgment

C.estimate

D.plan

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。consideration“考慮;報(bào)酬”;judgment“判斷,辨別力”;estimate“估計(jì),判斷”。句意:這座建筑物的實(shí)際成本比我們?cè)瓉?lái)的估計(jì)高得多。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

6.單選題

Televisionsenableustoseethingshappenalmostattheexactmoment______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichtheyarehappening

B.theyarehappening

C.whichtheyhappen

D.theyhavehappened

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)中which均指代不清；B選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)都為省略關(guān)系副詞when的定語(yǔ)從句。B選項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示事情正在發(fā)生，D選項(xiàng)theyhavehappened完成時(shí)態(tài)用法錯(cuò)誤。因此，本題正確答案為B。

7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

MylastflighttoRomelandedatstupido’clockinthemorningsoIwasalmostlookingforwardtogettingacupofhotcoffeefromtheflightcrew.Instead,IoptedforholdingmyeyelidsupwithtwofingerssoIcouldfindthefirstcoffeeshopintheairport.Coffeealwaystastesterribleonplanesandtherecouldbeasimple—anddisgusting—reasonwhy.

Acoupleofweeksago,anassortmentofairlineemployeesspilledsomeoftheirindustry’ssecretsinanAskRedditthread,andtwoofthemhadsomeunpleasantthingstosayaboutthecoffee-makers.AusernamedMuddbutt7wrote:

“Sometimes,thevehiclethatfillsthepotablewaterforwashinghandsandmakingcoffeeisparkednexttothevehiclethatinusedtodumpthe[toilets]andfillthebluejuiceforthelavatories.They’renotsupposedto.Sometimes,theyparkedatadistancefromeachother,whichispolicy,yettheguywhoisfillingthewaterisusingglovesthathehasn’tinover2years.”

WhileasecondusernamedWorsetoadded:

“Thecoffeeisabsolutelydisgustingbecausenoonewashesthecontainerthatgoesouteverymorning.Thestationagentswhogetpaidwaytoolittledon’tgivea[expletive]aboutcleaningit.Icertainlydidn’twhenIworkedforAA.Also,becauseweweren’tgiventhepropersuppliestocleanit.Weprettymuchjustrinseditoutanddumpedcoffeeintoit.‘‘

Afterreadingthosesortofstomach-churningconfessions,HuffingtonPostattemptedtodeterminehowtruethosestatementsare.AbbieUnger,aformerflightattendant,toldthesite:

“Itistruethattheportablewatertanksarenotcleaned.Buttheyareonlyfilledwithpotable(drinkable)water,soit’snotlikethereisoldcoffeeinabigcontainersomewhere.Thewaterdoesn’tmakeforanexcellentcupofcoffee,butit’snotunsafe.”

Sobasically,thereasonthatcupofStarbucksduringyourDeltaflighttastesworsethanthecupyouhadattheairportisbecauseofthewater,whichisapointthathasbeenraisedpreviously.TheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencybeganinvestigatingthesafetyofthewateronairplanesin2004,afterdiscoveringthat15%—or1.5outofevery10planes—testedpositiveforcoliformbacteriainthedrinkingwater.

In2013,NBC5lookedintowhetherthosenumbershadimprovedanddiscoveredthat12%ofplaneshadatleastonepositivetestforcoliforminwhatwasthentheEPA’smostrecentsurvey.AlthoughtheEPAsaidthattherehadnotbeenanycasesofanyonegettingsickfromthewateronboardaplane,insidersstillsaythatthetanks—andthehosesthatareusedtofillthem—canbeprettygross(“prettygross”isahighlyscientificterm).

InaForbespiececalled“WhyAirlineCrewsSkiptheCoffeeandTeaOnBoard”,formerUSAiremployeeJohnGogliawrote:

“ThirtyyearsagowhenIwasworkingforUSAir,webeganaprocesstobleachthewatertanksthatholdthewaterandflushoutthesystem.Thiswasdoneonaregularbasis.Yet,itwascleartoanyoneworkingonthesetanksandtheirhosesthatalotofsedimentwasaccumulatinginthesystem,sedimentthatwasakintopondscum.Evenafterthetankswerebleachedandflushed,somesedimentalwaysremained.”

Ofcourse,therecouldbeotherreasonswhythecoffeetastessounpleasant.CornellUniversityscientistsbelievethattheloud,inescapablesoundofcabinnoisecanaffectthewaywebothperceiveandtastefoodsduringflight.Eitherway,wemightjuststickwithcoffeeservedatgroundlevelfromnowon.

1.Whatattitudesdidtheauthorhavetowardsthecoffeeonplanesaccordingtothepassage?

2.（）isbasicallythecauseoftheterriblecoffeetasteonplanes.

3.Accordingtothecontext,whatpossiblyistheChinesemeaningoftheword“coliform”inParagraph9?

4.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaccordingtoUSAiremployeeJohnGoglia?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.longing

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.melancholy

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theunwashedcontainerthatgoesouteverymorning

B.Theunchangedglovesofthecrewmember

C.Thewaterusedformakingcoffee

D.Theimpropersuppliesusedtocleanthecontainer

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.大腸菌

B.幽門螺桿菌

C.沙門氏菌

D.曲狀桿菌

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Therewasaregularprocesstobleachthewatertanksandflushoutthesystem.

B.Alotofsedimentwasaccumulatinginthetanksandtheirhoses.

C.Noneofthesedimentremainedaftercleaning.

D.Sedimentwassimilartopondscum

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Whatattitudesdidtheauthorhavetowardsthecoffeeonplanesaccordingtothepassage?1.根據(jù)文章，作者對(duì)飛機(jī)上的咖啡有什么態(tài)度？

A.longingA.渴望的

B.negativeB.消極的，負(fù)面的

C.indifferentC.冷漠的

D.melancholyD.憂郁的

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段最后一句“在飛機(jī)上喝咖啡總是很難喝（Coffeealwaystastesterrible），原因可能很簡(jiǎn)單，也很惡心”，可知，作者對(duì)飛機(jī)上的咖啡的態(tài)度是負(fù)面的。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“渴望的”、C選項(xiàng)“冷漠的”和D選項(xiàng)“憂郁的”不符合原文，曲解原文。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.______isbasicallythecauseoftheterriblecoffeetasteonplanes.2.______基本上是飛機(jī)上咖啡味道糟糕的原因。

A.TheunwashedcontainerthatgoesouteverymorningA.每天早上送出去的未清洗的容器

B.TheunchangedglovesofthecrewmemberB.機(jī)組人員不變的手套

C.ThewaterusedformakingcoffeeC.用來(lái)煮咖啡的水

D.TheimpropersuppliesusedtocleanthecontainerD.用于清潔容器的不當(dāng)用品

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第八段第一句“所以基本上（Sobasically），你在達(dá)美航班上喝一杯星巴克比在機(jī)場(chǎng)喝一杯味道更差的原因是水（becauseofthewater），這一點(diǎn)之前已經(jīng)提過(guò)了”，理解可知，飛機(jī)上的咖啡味道很糟糕的原因在水。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“每天早上送出去的未清洗的容器”、B選項(xiàng)“機(jī)組人員不變的手套”和D選項(xiàng)“用于清潔容器的不當(dāng)用品”只是制作咖啡的衛(wèi)生令人惡心的原因，文中并沒(méi)有提到這是咖啡味道糟糕的原因，張冠李戴。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Accordingtothecontext,whatpossiblyistheChinesemeaningoftheword“coliform”inParagraph9?3.根據(jù)文章，第9段中“coliform”一詞的中文含義可能是什么？

A.大腸桿菌A.大腸桿菌

B.幽門螺桿菌B.幽門螺桿菌

C.沙門氏菌C.沙門氏菌

D.曲狀桿菌D.曲狀桿菌

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞coliform定位至第九段第一句“環(huán)境保護(hù)局在2004年調(diào)查飛機(jī)上水的安全時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)15%的飛機(jī)飲用水里含有coliformbacteria”，根據(jù)常識(shí)，在水中存活引起人腸道疾病的細(xì)菌為大腸菌。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B選項(xiàng)“幽門螺桿菌”、C選項(xiàng)“沙門氏菌”和D選項(xiàng)“曲狀桿菌”都不符合這一分析，曲解原文。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaccordingtoUSAiremployeeJohnGoglia?4.根據(jù)美國(guó)航空公司員工約翰?哥利亞的說(shuō)法，以下哪項(xiàng)是不正確的？

A.Therewasaregularprocesstobleachthewatertanksandflushoutthesystem.A.有一個(gè)漂白水箱和沖洗系統(tǒng)的定期程序。

B.Alotofsedimentwasaccumulatinginthetanksandtheirhoses.B.很多沉淀物在水箱和水管里堆積。

C.Noneofthesedimentremainedaftercleaning.C.清洗后，沉淀物一點(diǎn)也不留下。

D.Sedimentwassimilartopondscum.D.沉積物類似于池塘浮渣。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“即使在水箱被漂白和沖洗后，一些沉積物仍然存在”，可知，C選項(xiàng)“清洗后，沉淀物一點(diǎn)也不留下”明顯與原文相反，但符合題意。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“有一個(gè)漂白水箱和沖洗系統(tǒng)的定期程序”定位至倒數(shù)第二段前兩句“30年前，當(dāng)我在美國(guó)航空公司工作時(shí)，我們開始漂白裝水的水箱并沖洗。這是定期進(jìn)行的?！保芍擁?xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“很多沉淀物在水箱和水管里堆積”和D選項(xiàng)“沉積物類似于池塘浮渣”定位至倒數(shù)第二段第三句“然而，任何清洗這些水箱和軟管的人都清楚，大量的沉淀物積累，類似于池塘浮渣的沉淀物”，可知該兩項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

8.單選題

Toour（）,Geoffrey’sillnessprovednottobeasseriousaswehadfeared.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.relief

B.view

C.anxiety

D.judgment

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。后半句說(shuō):Geoffrey’sillnessprovednottobeasseriousaswehadfeared,即杰弗里的病沒(méi)有我們擔(dān)心的那么嚴(yán)重。因此推測(cè)前面應(yīng)該是“我們松了一口氣”。toourrelief為固定搭配,表示“松了一口氣”。

9.單選題

ItisoneoftheironiesofWesternmanthathehasneverfelt（）inventionasathreattohiswayoflife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anyconcernwith

B.anyconcernabout

C.anyconcernin

D.anyconcernat

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定用法。concernaboutsth.orsb.是固定用法，因此只有選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Inarecentstudy,neuroscientistsfoundthatplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldhelpimprovedyslexicchildren’sreadingspeed,andtheimprovementsdidnotfadewithtime.

Researcherstestedthereadingabilityoftwogroupsof10-year-olddyslexicchildrenafteronegrouphadplayedactionvideogamesandtheotherplayednon-actionvideogames.Eachgroupwascomposedof10childrenwhoplayed80minutesofvideogamesadayforninedays,equaling12hoursofplayperchild.Theirreadingskillsweremeasuredonanumberoffactors,includinghowfasttheyreadwordsandhowaccuratelytheyreadthem.Resultsshowedthatimprovementsinreadingspeedachievedfromplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldevenexceedimprovementsgainedfromayear’sintense,traditionaltherapies.

Scientistsaimedtoprovethatthere’sacorrelationbetweenadyslexicchild’svisualattentionspanandtheirabilitytoread.Actionvideogamesaredistinguishedfromnon-actionvideogamesbysuchcharacteristicsasgamespeed,ahighsensory-motorload,andpresentationofmultiple,peripheralstimuli.Actionvideogameplayersconstantlyreceivebothexternalandinternalfeedbackontheirperformance,producinglearning.

Itturnedoutthattheassumptionsofresearcherswerecorrect.Actionvideogameplayersdefeatedtheirnon-actionpeersinimprovements.Onlyactiongamekidsshowedgeneralreadingimprovements,upto40percent,whilenon-actionreadersshowednoimprovement.Theactiongamersalsoimprovedtheirbasictextreadingbyasmuchas60percent,whilenon-actiongamersshowedamoremodest5percent-10percentgain.

Thoughmoreresearchisneededtonaildownthespecificrolethatactiongamesplayintheimprovements,theresearchersclaimedtheirdataisthestart.Theybelievetheirfindingsshowthatattentioncanbestudiedandefficientlytrainedduringinfancy.Thiscanpavethewayforlow-resource-demandingearlypreventionprogramsthatcoulddrasticallyreducetheincidentofreadingdisorders.

1.Whatdoestherecentstudydiscussedinthepassageshow?

2.Researchersofthestudyconductedtheirtestby（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadifferencebetweenactionvideogamesandnon-actionones?

4.Resultsofthestudyconfirmedscientistsassumptionthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Traditionaltherapiesdobetterthanvideogamesinhelpingchildrenread.

B.Childrenpreferactionvideogamestonon-actiononesintheirreadingclass.

C.Playingactionvideogamescaneffectivelyimprovechildren'sreadingability.

D.Thebenefitsofplayingactionvideogamesgraduallygetweakerovertime.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.measuringtheeffectsofplayingdifferenttypesofvideogamesonreading

B.comparingtheeffectsofdifferentreadingmethodsonreadingspeed

C.trainingchildrenwithreadingdifficultiestoreadwordsfastandaccurately

D.teachingchildrentoplayvariousvideogamesforseveralhourseachday

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Actionvideogamesgiveplayersmoreinternalfeedback.

B.Actionvideogamespresentarichervarietyofstimulitoplayers.

C.Actionvideogamesrequirepayersreadmoreduringplaying.

D.Actionvideogameshaveasomewhatlowersensory-motorload.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Readingdifficultiesarecausedbybothexternalandinternalfactors

B.Actionvideogameshavehighergameseesthannor-actionvideogames

C.Readingdifficultiesarerelatedtoexcessiveplayingofvideogames

D.Actionvideogamesprovideplayerswithfeedbackthatfacilitatelearning

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)recentstudy定位到文章的首句，“Inarecentstudy,neuroscientistsfoundthatplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldhelpimprovedyslexicchildren’sreadingspeed,andtheimprovementsdidnotfadewithtime.”在最近的一項(xiàng)研究中，神經(jīng)科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，玩快節(jié)奏的電子游戲有助于提高誦讀困難兒童的閱讀速度，而且這種提高不會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而消失。即對(duì)應(yīng)C選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)療法在幫助孩子閱讀方面比電子游戲做得更好”。根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)療法，定位到文章的第二段的尾句“Resultsshowedthatimprovementsinreadingspeedachievedfromplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldevenexceedimprovementsgainedfromayear'sintense,traditionaltherapies”.可得知，玩快節(jié)奏游戲比傳統(tǒng)療法更有助于提高孩子的閱讀速度，B選項(xiàng)“在閱讀課上，孩子們更喜歡動(dòng)作類電子游戲而不是非動(dòng)作類電子游戲”，為無(wú)關(guān)選項(xiàng)，文章沒(méi)有提到readingclass，D選項(xiàng)“玩動(dòng)作類電子游戲的好處會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移逐漸減弱”，與文章表達(dá)的意思相反。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)researchersofthestudy定位到文章的第二段，“Researcherstestedthereadingabilityoftwogroupsof10-year-olddyslexicchildrenafteronegrouphadplayedactionvideogamesandtheotherplayednon-actionvideogames.”研究人員測(cè)試了兩組10歲的誦讀困難兒童的閱讀能力，一組玩動(dòng)作類電子游戲，另一組玩非動(dòng)作類電子游戲。A選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)玩不同類型的游戲來(lái)衡量電子游戲?qū)﹂喿x的影響”，B選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)比較不同的閱讀策略在閱讀速度方面的影響”，C選項(xiàng)“訓(xùn)練有閱讀困難的兒童快速準(zhǔn)確地閱讀單詞”，D選項(xiàng)“每天教授孩子玩幾個(gè)小時(shí)不同的游戲”。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文“Actionvideogamesaredistinguishedfromnon-actionvideogamesbysuchcharacteristicsasgamespeed,ahighsensory-motorload,andpresentationofmultiple,peripheralstimuli.”動(dòng)作電子游戲與非動(dòng)作電子游戲的區(qū)別在于游戲速度、高感覺(jué)運(yùn)動(dòng)負(fù)荷和多重外圍刺激。A選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)作電子游戲會(huì)給玩家更多內(nèi)部反饋”，B選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)作電子游戲?yàn)橥婕姨峁┝烁S富的刺激”，C選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)作類電子游戲要求付費(fèi)玩家在游戲過(guò)程中閱讀更多內(nèi)容”，D選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)作類電子游戲的感覺(jué)運(yùn)動(dòng)負(fù)荷相對(duì)較低”。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文“Actionvideogameplayersconstantlyreceivebothexternalandinternalfeedbackontheirperformance,producinglearning.Itturnedoutthattheassumptionsofresearcherswerecorrect.Actionvideogameplayersdefeatedtheirnon-actionpeersinimprovements.”動(dòng)作電子游戲玩家不斷收到關(guān)于他們表現(xiàn)的外部和內(nèi)部反饋，從而產(chǎn)生學(xué)習(xí)效果。事實(shí)證明，研究人員的假設(shè)是正確的。動(dòng)作類電子游戲玩家在改進(jìn)過(guò)程中打敗了非動(dòng)作類游戲玩家。A選項(xiàng)“閱讀困難既有外部因素造成的，也有內(nèi)部因素造成的”，原文沒(méi)有提及，B選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)作類電子游戲比非動(dòng)作類電子游戲擁有更高的游戲體驗(yàn)”，原文沒(méi)有提及游戲體驗(yàn)，C選項(xiàng)“閱讀困難與過(guò)度玩電子游戲有關(guān)”，無(wú)關(guān)選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)作類電子游戲?yàn)橥婕姨峁┓答仯龠M(jìn)他們的學(xué)習(xí)”，因此，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Intheworldofentertainment,TVtalkshowshaveundoubtedlyfloodedeveryinchofspaceondaytimetelevision.Andanyonewhowatchesthemregularlyknowsthateachonevariesinstyleandformat.Butnotwoshowsaremoreprofoundlyoppositeincontent,whileatthesametimestandingoutabovetherest,thantheJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyshow.

JerrySpringercouldeasilybeconsideredthekingof“trashtalk”.Thetopicsonhisshowareshockingasshockingcanbe.Forexample,theshowtakestheever-commontalkshowthemesoflove,sex,cheating,guilt,hate,conflictandmoralitytoadifferentlevel.Clearly,theJerrySpringershowisadisplayandexploitationofsociety’smoralcatastrophes,yetpeoplearewillingtoeatuptheintriguingpredicamentsofotherpeople’slives.

LikeJerrySpringer,OprahWinfreytakesTVtalkshowtoitsextreme,butOprahgoesintheoppositedirection.Theshowfocusesontheimprovementofsocietyandanindividual’squalityoflife.Topicsrangefromteachingyourchildrenresponsibility,managingyourworkweek,togettingtoknowyourneighbors.

ComparedtoOprah,theJerrySpringershowlookslikepoisonouswastebeingdumpedonsociety.Jerryendseveryshowwitha“finalword”.Hemakesasmallspeechthatsumsuptheentiremoraloftheshow.Hopefully,thisisthepartwheremostpeoplewilllearnsomethingveryvaluable.

Cleanasitis,theOprahshowisnotforeveryone.Theshow’smaintargetaudiencesaremiddle-classAmericans.Mostofthesepeoplehavethetime,money,andstabilitytodealwithlife’stougherproblems.JerrySpringer,ontheotherhand,hasmoreofanassociationwiththeyoungadultsofsociety.Theseare18to21-year-oldswhosemaintroublesinlifeinvolvelove,relationship,sex,moneyandpeers.Theyaretheoneswhoseesomevalueandlessonstobelearnedunderneaththeshow’sexploitation.

Whilethetwoshowsareasdifferentasnightandday,bothhaveruledthetalkshowcircuitformanyyearsnow.Eachonecaterstoadifferentaudiencewhilebothhaveastrongfollowingfromlargegroupsoffans.Ironically,bothcouldalsobeconsideredpioneersinthetalkshowworld.

1.ComparedwithotherTVtalkshows,boththeJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyare（

）.

2.ThoughthesocialproblemsJerrySpringertalksaboutappeardistasteful,theaudience（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingislikelytobeatopicoftheOprahWinfreyshow?

4.Despitetheirdifferentapproaches,thetwotalkshowsareboth（

）.

5.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatthetwotalkshows（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.morefamily-oriented

B.unusuallypopular

C.moreprofound

D.relativelyformal

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.remainfascinatedbythem

B.arereadytofaceuptothem

C.remainindifferenttothem

D.arewillingtogetinvolvedinthem

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Anewtypeofrobot

B.Racisthatred

C.Familybudgetplanning

D.Streetviolence

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.ironical

B.sensitive

C.instructive

D.cynical

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.havemonopolizedthetalkshowcircuit

B.exploittheweaknessesinhumannature

C.appearatdifferenttimesoftheday

D.aretargetedatdifferentaudiences

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“Butnotwoshowsaremoreprofoundlyoppositeincontent,whileatthesametimestandingoutabovetherest,thantheJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyshow.但是，與Jerry和Oprah的脫口秀相比，沒(méi)有哪兩個(gè)節(jié)目在內(nèi)容上有如此截然相反的地方，同時(shí)又在其他節(jié)目中脫穎而出。”可知B項(xiàng)“特別的流行”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Clearly,theJerrySpringershowisadisplayandexploitationofsociety’smoralcatastrophes,yetpeoplearewillingtoeatuptheintriguingpredicamentsofotherpeople’slives.很清楚，Jerry的脫口秀展示并揭露了社會(huì)的道德災(zāi)難，但人們卻樂(lè)意關(guān)注他人生活中遇到的苦難?！笨芍^眾很喜歡這節(jié)目。故A項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“Theshowfocusesontheimprovementofsocietyandanindividual’squalityoflife.Topicsrangefromteachingyourchildrenresponsibility,managingyourworkweek,togettingtoknowyourneighbors.這個(gè)節(jié)目關(guān)注社會(huì)和個(gè)人生活質(zhì)量的提高。話題范圍從教育你的孩子責(zé)任，管理你的一周工作，到了解你的鄰居?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“家庭預(yù)算方案”正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第三段“Theshowfocusesontheimprovementofsocietyandanindividual’squalityoflife.這個(gè)節(jié)目關(guān)注社會(huì)和個(gè)人生活質(zhì)量的提高?！币约啊癏emakesasmallspeechthatsumsuptheentiremoraloftheshow.Hopefully,thisisthepartwheremostpeoplewilllearnsomethingveryvaluable.他做了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的講話，總結(jié)這次演出的全部寓意。希望大多數(shù)人能從中學(xué)到一些非常有價(jià)值的東西?！笨芍@兩個(gè)人的脫口秀節(jié)目的內(nèi)容對(duì)觀眾都是有指導(dǎo)意義的。故C項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Eachonecaterstoadifferentaudiencewhilebothhaveastrongfollowingfromlargegroupsoffans.Ironically,bothcouldalsobeconsideredpioneersinthetalkshowworld.每一種都迎合不同的觀眾，同時(shí)都有大量的粉絲。具有諷刺意味的是，兩人也可以被認(rèn)為是脫口秀界的先驅(qū)?！笨芍@兩類脫口秀節(jié)目有不同的觀眾群體。故D項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Variousstudieshaveshownthatincreasedspendingoneducationhasnotledtomeasurableimprovementsinlearning.Between1980and2008,staffandteachersatUSpublicschoolsgrewroughlytwiceasfastasstudents.Yetstudentsshowednoadditionallearninginachievementtests.

Universitiesshowsimilartrendsofincreasedadministrationpersonnelandcostswithoutgreaterlearning,asdocumentedinRichardArumandJosipaRoksa’srecentbookAcademicallyAdrift:LimitedLearningonCollegeCampuses.

Asurveyshowsthat63%ofemployerssaythatrecentcollegegraduatesdon’thavetheskillstheyneedtosucceedand25%ofemployerssaythatentry-levelwritingskillsarelacking.

Somesimplisticallyattributethedeclineinourpubliceducationsystemtothedrainofskilledstudentsbyprivateschools,butfarmoresignificanteventswereatwork.

Publicschoolsworkedwelluntilaboutthe1970s.Infact,untilthattime,publicschoolsprovidedfarbettereducationthatprivateones.Itwastheunder-performingstudentswhowerethrownoutofpublicschoolsandwenttoprivateones.

Aprominentreasonpublicschoolsdidwellwasthatmanyhighlyqualifiedwomenhadfewoptionsforworkingoutsidethehouseotherthanbeingteachersornurses.Theyacceptedrelativelylowpay,difficultworkingconditions,andgavetheirverybest.

Havingsuchalargesupplyoftalentedwomenteachersmeantthatsocietycouldpaylessfortheirservices.Women’sliberationopenedupnewprofessionalopportunitiesforwomen,and,overtime,someofthebestleftteachingasacareeroption,bringingaboutagradualdeclineinthequalityofschooling.

Alsoaroundthattime,regulationgovernmentandunionscametodictatepay,preventadjustments,andintroducebureaucraticstandardforadvancement.Largeeducationbureaucraciesandunionscametodominatethelandscape,conflisingactivitywithachievement.Bureaucraciesregularlyrewritecurriculum,talknonsenseabouttheoriesofeducation,andrequireevenmoreadministrators.Theendresulthasbeenthat,afterallthespending,studentshaveworsemathandreadingskillsthanboththeirforeignpeersandearliergenerationsspendingfarlessoneducationsalltheaccumulatingevidencenowdocuments.

1.WhatdowelearnfromvariousstudiesonAmerica'spubliceducation?

2.Howdosomepeopleexplainthedeclineinpubliceducation?

3.Whatwasthesignificantcontributortothepastgloryofpublicschools?

4.Whydidsomeofthebestwomenteachersleaveteaching?

5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisoneoftheresultofgovernmentinvolvementineducation?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Achievementtestshavefailedtotrulyreflectthequalityofteaching.

B.Publicschoolslacktheresourcestocompetewithprivateschools.

C.Littleimprovementineducationhasresultedfromincreasedspending.

D.Thenumberofstudentshasincreasedmuchfasterthanthatofteachers.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Governmentinvestmentdoesnotmeetschool'sneeds.

B.Skilledstudentsaremovingtoprivateschools.

C.Qualifiedteachersarefarfromadequatelypaid.

D.Trainingofstudents'basicskillsisneglected.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Well-behavedstudents

B.Talentedwomenteachers

C.Efficientadministration

D.Generouspayforteachers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Newcareeropportunitiesweremadeavailabletothembywomen’sliberation.

B.Higheracademicrequirementsmadeitdifficultforthemtostayintheirjobs.

C.Theywereunhappywiththebureaucraticadministrationintheirschools.

D.Theheavyteachingloadsleftthemlittletimeandenergyforfamilylife.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Increasingemphasisontheoriesofeducation.

B.Highlystandardizedteachingmethods.

C.Students'improvedacademicperformance.

D.Anever-growingnumberofadministration

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“我們能夠從各種關(guān)于美國(guó)公共教育的研究中學(xué)到什么？”文中第一段最后一句話提到學(xué)生并未在能力考試中展現(xiàn)出學(xué)識(shí)有所增長(zhǎng)（Yetstudentsshowednoadditionallearninginachievementtests）,這是為了說(shuō)明“教育沒(méi)有得到改善”，由此可看出能力測(cè)試一定程度上反映了教學(xué)質(zhì)量，因此選項(xiàng)A的表述是錯(cuò)誤的，排除；第四段提到了公立學(xué)校和私立學(xué)校之爭(zhēng)，但未明確指出公立學(xué)校是因?yàn)橘Y源短缺而流失優(yōu)等生，因此選項(xiàng)B表述不正確，排除；第一段第二句提到美國(guó)公立學(xué)校教職工數(shù)量的增長(zhǎng)速度約是學(xué)生的兩倍(staffandteachers...grow…twiceasfastasstudents),因此選項(xiàng)D表述錯(cuò)誤，排除。綜上，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第2題:2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“一些人是如何解釋公共教育的衰退的？”文章第四段提到一些人簡(jiǎn)單地將公共教育體系的衰退歸因于私立學(xué)校將高素質(zhì)的學(xué)生招走（Somesimplisticallyattributethedeclineinourpubliceducationsystemtothedrainofskilledstudentsbyprivateschools,butfarmoresignificanteventswereatwork），由此可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“公立學(xué)校過(guò)去輝煌的原因是什么？”文章第六段提到公立學(xué)校表現(xiàn)出色的一個(gè)突出原因是許多高素質(zhì)的女性除了當(dāng)老師或護(hù)士之外，幾乎沒(méi)有其他工作，她們接受了相對(duì)較低的工資和艱苦的工作條件，并盡了最大的努力（Aprominentreasonpublicschoolsdidwellwasthatmanyhighlyqualifiedwomenhadfewoptionsforworkingoutsidethehouseotherthanbeingteachersornurses.Theyacceptedrelativelylowpay,difficultworkingconditions,andgavetheirverybest）。由此可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第4題:4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“為什么一些最優(yōu)秀的女教師會(huì)離開教學(xué)崗位？”文章倒數(shù)第二段提到婦女解放為婦女開辟了新的職業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，隨著時(shí)間的推移，一些最好的女教師離開了這個(gè)職業(yè)，導(dǎo)致教育質(zhì)量下降（Women’sliberationopenedupnewprofessionalopportunitiesforwomen,and,overtime,someofthebestleftteachingasacareeroption,bringingaboutagradualdeclineinthequalityofschooling），因此可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第5題:5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者認(rèn)為政府參與教育的結(jié)果之一是什么？”文章最后一段第一、二句提到政府和工會(huì)開始制定規(guī)章制度，規(guī)定工資，防止調(diào)整，并引入晉升的官僚標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（Alsoaroundthattime,regulationgovernmentandunionscametodictatepay,preventadjustments,andintroducebureaucraticstandardforadvancement），以及后面的Largeeducationbureaucraciesandunionscametodominatethelandscape,conflisingactivitywithachievement.Bureaucraciesregularlyrewritecurriculum,talknonsenseabouttheoriesofeducation,andrequireevenmoreadministrators，可以看出政府采取的一系列措施，使得學(xué)校的管理人員在不斷增加，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

13.單選題

Asnobbishpersonadulatesthosewhohaveuppersocialpositionanddespisesthoseofhumbleorigin.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.flatters

B.fascinates

C.flutters

D.fluctuates

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.flatters奉承；討好B.fascinates深深吸引；迷住

C.flutt