考研考博-英語-川北幼兒師范高等?？茖W校考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-川北幼兒師范高等?？茖W?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Someoldpeoplearetroubledbythefearofdeath.Intheyoungthereisajustificationforthisfeeling.Youngmenwhohavereasontofeartheywillbekilledinabattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrowsandhasdonewhateverworkitwasinhimtodo,thefearofdeathissomewhatignoble.Thebestwaytoovercomeit—soatleastitseemstome―istomakeyourinterestsgraduallywiderandmoreimpersonal,untilbitbybitthewallsoftheegorecede,andyourlifebecomesincreasinglypartoftheuniversallife.Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver—smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,andrushingpassionatelypastrocksandoverwaterfalls.Graduallytherivergrowwider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomepartofthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.

【答案】有些老年人恐懼死亡。要是年輕人這樣想.那倒情有可原。那些害怕在戰(zhàn)爭中陣亡的年輕人，想到自己被生活所欺騙，錯失了生命中最美好的東西，感到苦澀理所當然。但對于一個飽嘗了人間悲歡離合，實現一生抱負的老人來說，恐懼死亡就有點不光彩了。戰(zhàn)勝對死亡的恐懼的最好的方法是——至少對我而言是可行的一一逐步拓寬你的興趣，并使其不受人際感情的影響，直到自我的圍城慢慢地消失，你的生命加快融入到眾生之中。一個人應當像一條河流，開始時窄而淺，靜靜流淌于兩岸之中，然后，奔騰沖擊于巖石之間，飛流直下于高崖之處。慢慢地，河流越走越寬，河岸逐步退去，水流更顯平緩，直到最后，毫無跡象地融入大海，平和地失去了個體的存在。

2.單選題

Tovisitzoosthatsimulatethenaturalhabitatsofanimals（

）ofgreatinteresttozoologists.

問題1選項

A.are

B.be

C.were

D.is

【答案】D

【解析】考查主謂一致。分析句子結構可知，本句是不定式做主語，也就是參觀動物園這件事為主語，所以謂語動詞應該為單數，首先排除選項A和C；句子時態(tài)為一般現在時，所以選項D正確。

3.單選題

Thesnowseemstohaveset（）fortheevening.

問題1選項

A.upon

B.in

C.about

D.down

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項setupon“襲擊；挑撥，唆使；開始”；B選項setin“開端；來臨；到來”；Csetabout選項“開始著手；考慮”；D選項setdown“放下；記下；登記；寫下”。句意：晚上似乎要下雪了。因此B選項正確。

4.單選題

--“Doesn’tyourwiferestrainyoufromsmoking?”

--“I（）fromsmokingeversinceourmarriage.”

問題1選項

A.restrained

B.haverestrained

C.refrained

D.haverefrained

【答案】D

【解析】考查時態(tài)。由關鍵詞sinceourmarriage可知戒煙這件事從過去發(fā)生一直延續(xù)到現在，排除A,C選項；Refrain為不及物動詞，后面要加上from，構成固定搭配refrainfrom（不再做某事），因此D選項正確。

5.單選題

Ihaveaskedalotofpeople,but（）ofthemknew（）aboutsuchathing.

問題1選項

A.not...everything

B.neither...something

C.none...anything

D.afew...nothing

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法。afew用于肯定，故排除D項。能與of連用的只有none。anything用于否定。故C項正確。句意：我問了許多人，但是沒有人知道這件事。

6.單選題

Thetopmanagersarefullof（）towardthesalesvolumeofmobilephonesnextyear.

問題1選項

A.curiosity

B.optimism

C.passion

D.attitude

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項curiosity“好奇心，求知欲”，B選項optimism“樂觀，樂觀主義”，C選項passion“激情，熱情”，D選項attitude“態(tài)度，看法”，句意：高級經理們對明年的手機銷量非常樂觀。因此，B選項符合句意。

7.單選題

Foodsubsidiesarenecessaryforkeepingdownthepriceofdairyproductsandbread.

問題1選項

A.controls

B.aids

C.accumulations

D.transformations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項controls“控制；控制裝置”；B選項aids“艾滋病”；C選項accumulations“積聚，累積；堆積物”；D選項transformations“轉變”。句意：食品補貼對于壓低乳制品和面包的價格是必要的。結合此處關鍵短語keepingdowntheprice（壓低價格），得知A選項正確。

8.單選題

Amanhastomake______forhisoldagebyputtingasideenoughmoneytoliveonwhenold.

問題1選項

A.supply

B.assurance

C.provision

D.adjustment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項supply“提供”；B項assurance“保證、保險”；C項provision“供應、準備”；D項adjustment“調整”；句意：一個人必須存下足夠的錢來養(yǎng)老。因此該題C項正確。

9.單選題

Themembersofthebranchwereindignantthatgovernmenthadplantedtwospiesamongthem.

問題1選項

A.irate

B.indifferent

C.insensible

D.inspired

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項irate“生氣的；發(fā)怒的”；B選項indifferent“冷淡的；不關心的；中等的”；C選項insensible“昏迷的；無知覺的；麻木不仁的”；D選項inspired“品質優(yōu)秀的；能力卓越的；借助于靈感創(chuàng)作的”。句意：支部的成員對政府在他們中間安插了兩名間諜感到憤怒。結合此處關鍵短語plantedtwospiesamongthem“安插了兩名間諜”，可推測支部的成員會對此十分氣憤，得知A選項正確。

10.單選題

It’shardlynewsthattheimmigrationsystemisamess.Foreignnationalshavelongbeenslippingacrosstheborderwithfakepapers,andvisitorswhoarriveintheU.S.legitimatelyoftenoverstaytheirlegalwelcomewithoutbeingpunished.ButsinceSept.11,it’sbecomeclearthatterroristshavebeenshrewdlyfactoringtheweaknessesofoursystemintotheirplans.Inadditiontotheirmasteryofforgingpassports,atleastthreeofthe19Sept.11hijackerswerehereonexpiredvisas.That’sbeenasafebetuntilnow.TheImmigrationandNaturalizationService(INS)lackstheresources,andapparentlytheinclination,tokeeptrackoftheestimated2millionforeignerswhohaveintentionallyoverstayedtheirwelcome.

Butthislaxnesstowardimmigrationfraudmaybeabouttochange.Congresshasalreadytakensomemodeststeps.TheU.S.A.PatriotAct,passedinthewakeoftheSept.11tragedy,requirestheFBI,theJusticeDepartment,theStateDepartmentandtheINStosharemoredata,whichwillmakeiteasiertostopwatch-listedterroristsattheborder.

Butwhat’sreallyneeded,criticssay,iseventougherlawsandmoreresourcesaimedattighteningupbordersecurity.Reformersarecallingforarollbackofrulesthathinderlawenforcement.TheyalsowanttheINStohirehundredsmoreborderpatrolagentsandinvestigatorstokeepillegalimmigrantsoutandtotrackthemdownoncethey’rehere.ReformersalsowanttoseetheINSsetupadatabasetomonitorwhethervisaholdersactuallyleavethecountrywhentheyarerequiredto.

Alltheseproposedchangeswerepartofanewborder-securitybillthatpassedtheHouseofRepresentativesbutdiedintheSenatelastweek.BeforeSept.11,legislationofthiskindhadbeenblockedbytwopowerfullobbies:universities,whichrelyontuitionfromforeignstudentswhocouldbekeptoutbythenewlaw,andbusiness,whichreliesonforeignersforcheaplabor.Sincetheattacks,they’vebackedoff.Thebillwouldhavepassedthistimebutforcongressionalmaneuveringsandisexpectedtobereintroducedandtopassnextyear.

Alsoontheagendafornextyear:aproposal,backedbysomeinfluentiallaw-makers,tosplittheINSintotwoagencies—agoodcopthatwouldtendtoservicefunctionslikeprocessingcitizenshippapersandabadcopthatwouldconcentrateonborderinspections,deportationandotherfunctions.Onereasonforthedivision,supporterssay,isthattheINShasinrecentyearsbecometoofocusedonservingtouristsandimmigrants.AftertheSept.11tragedy,theINSshouldpaymoreattentiontoservingthemillionsofordinaryAmericanswhorelyonthenation’sbordersecuritytoprotectthemfromterroristattacks.

1.Terroristshaveobviouslytakenadvantageof____.

2.WelearnfromthepassagethatcoordinatedeffortswillbemadebyvariousU.S.governmentagenciesto____.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbeforeSept.11,alienswithexpiredvisas____.

4.ItisbelievedbymanythatalltheseyearstheINS____.

5.BeforeSept.11,theU.S.Congresshadbeenunabletopassstricterimmigrationlawsbecause____.

問題1選項

A.thelegalprivilegesgrantedtoforeigners

B.theexcessivehospitalityoftheAmericanpeople

C.theirresponsibilityoftheofficialsatbordercheckpoints

D.thelowefficiencyoftheImmigrationandNaturalizationService

問題2選項

A.refusetherenewingofexpiredvisas

B.wardoffterroristsuspectsattheborder

C.preventtheforgeryofimmigrationpapers

D.limitthenumberofimmigrantstotheU.S.

問題3選項

A.mighthavethemextendedwithouttrouble

B.wouldbecloselywatchedbyFBIagents

C.mightstayonforaslongastheywished

D.wouldliveinconstantfearofdeportation

問題4選項

A.hasbeenservingtwocontradictoryfunctions

B.hasbeentooliberalingrantingvisastotouristsandimmigrantsindiscriminately

C.hasover-emphasizeditsservicefunctionsattheexpenseofthenation’ssecurity

D.hasignoredthepleasofthetwopowerfullobbies

問題5選項

A.theymighthavekeptawayforeignstudentsandcheaplabor

B.itwasdifficulttocoordinatetheeffortsofthecongressmen

C.educationandbusinesscirclescaredlittleaboutnationalsecurity

D.resourceswerenotavailablefortheirenforcement

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

Terroristshaveobviouslytakenadvantageof____.顯然，恐怖分子利用了____。

A.thelegalprivilegesgrantedtoforeignersA.給予外國人的法律特權

B.theexcessivehospitalityoftheAmericanpeopleB.美國人民的盛情款待

C.theirresponsibilityoftheofficialsatbordercheckpointsC.邊境檢查站官員的不負責任

D.thelowefficiencyoftheImmigrationandNaturalizationServiceD.移民歸化局的低效率

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據題干信息可定位到第一段“很明顯，恐怖分子在他們的計劃中精明地考慮到了我們體系的弱點?！币约啊耙泼窈蜌w化局既沒有資源也沒有傾向去追蹤這些人?！庇纱丝芍植婪肿邮抢昧艘泼駳w化局的不作為。因此選D。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“給予外國人的法律特權”，文中沒有提及給予外國人法律特權，該選項屬于無中生有；

B選項“美國人民的盛情款待”，文中沒有提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

C選項“邊境檢查站官員的不負責任”，文中沒有提及，該選項屬于無中生有。

2.【選項釋義】

WelearnfromthepassagethatcoordinatedeffortswillbemadebyvariousU.S.governmentagenciesto____.我們從文章中了解到，美國各政府機構將協同努力____。

A.refusetherenewingofexpiredvisasA.拒絕延長過期簽證

B.wardoffterroristsuspectsattheborderB.在邊境阻止恐怖分子嫌疑人

C.preventtheforgeryofimmigrationpapersC.防止偽造移民文件

D.limitthenumberofimmigrantstotheU.S.D.限制移民美國的人數

【答案】B

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據題干信息可定位到第二段最后一句“《美國愛國者法案》要求聯邦調查局、司法部、國務院和移民局共享更多數據，這將更容易在邊境阻止列入監(jiān)視名單的恐怖分子（stopwatch-listedterroristsattheborder）?！币虼诉xB。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“拒絕延長過期簽證”，文章沒有提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

C選項“防止偽造移民文件”，文章沒有提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

D選項“限制移民美國的人數”，文中提及“他們還希望移民歸化局雇傭數百名邊境巡邏人員和調查人員，將非法移民拒之門外”但是這并不是美國政府各機構協同做的，該選項屬于張冠李戴。

3.【選項釋義】

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbeforeSept.11,alienswithexpiredvisas____.從文章中可以推斷，在9?11事件之前，持有過期簽證的外國人____。

A.mighthavethemextendedwithouttroubleA.可能會毫不費力地延長簽證

B.wouldbecloselywatchedbyFBIagentsB.將受到聯邦調查局特工的密切監(jiān)視

C.mightstayonforaslongastheywishedC.可以想待多久就待多久

D.wouldliveinconstantfearofdeportationD.一直生活在被驅逐出境的恐懼中

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據題干信息可定位到第一段第二句“長期以來，外國公民一直在用假證件偷渡邊境，而合法抵達美國的游客經常在不受法律歡迎的情況下逾期居留，而沒有受到懲罰。”以及最后一句“據估計，有200萬外國人故意滯留時間過長，移民和歸化局既沒有資源也沒有傾向去追蹤這些人?！庇纱丝赏茢噙@些外國人在9?11事件之前想呆多久就呆多久，因為沒有任何懲罰，移民歸化局也不會采取措施。因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“可能會毫不費力地延長簽證”，文中沒有提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

B選項“將受到聯邦調查局特工的密切監(jiān)視”，文中提到“他們還希望移民歸化局雇傭數百名邊境巡邏人員和調查人員，將非法移民拒之門外，并在他們抵達后進行追蹤?！钡沁@是9?11事件后人們呼吁的，9?11事件前文中提到“據估計，有200萬外國人故意滯留時間過長，移民和歸化局既沒有資源也沒有傾向去追蹤這些人?！庇纱丝芍麄儾⒉皇鼙O(jiān)視，該選項屬于反向干擾；

D選項“一直生活在被驅逐出境的恐懼中”，文中提到“據估計，有200萬外國人故意滯留時間過長，移民和歸化局既沒有資源也沒有傾向去追蹤這些人。”由此可知沒有人去追蹤他們，因此他們不生活在被驅逐出境的恐懼中，該選項屬于反向干擾。

4.【選項釋義】

ItisbelievedbymanythatalltheseyearstheINS____.許多人認為，這些年來，INS____。

A.hasbeenservingtwocontradictoryfunctionsA.一直在履行兩個相互矛盾的職能

B.hasbeentooliberalingrantingvisastotouristsandimmigrantsindiscriminatelyB.在不加區(qū)別地向游客和移民發(fā)放簽證方面過于自由

C.hasover-emphasizeditsservicefunctionsattheexpenseofthenation’ssecurityC.以國家安全為代價，過分強調其服務功能

D.hasignoredthepleasofthetwopowerfullobbiesD.一直無視這兩個強大游說團體的請求

【答案】C

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據題干信息可定位到最后一段“支持者說，造成這種分歧的一個原因是，移民局近年來過于專注于為游客和移民服務（becometoofocusedonservingtouristsandimmigrants）。”因此選C。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“一直在履行兩個相互矛盾的職能”，文中提到“提議將移民局分成兩個機構”，由此可知是提議將其分成兩個機構，并不是一直都在履行兩個矛盾的職能，該選項屬于反向干擾；

B選項“在不加區(qū)別地向游客和移民發(fā)放簽證方面過于自由”，文中沒有提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

D選項“一直無視這兩個強大游說團體的請求”，文中沒有提及，該選項屬于無中生有。

5.【選項釋義】

BeforeSept.11,theU.S.Congresshadbeenunabletopassstricterimmigrationlawsbecause____.在9?11事件之前，美國國會一直未能通過更嚴格的移民法，原因是____。

A.theymighthavekeptawayforeignstudentsandcheaplaborA.他們可能會把外國學生和廉價勞動力拒之門外

B.itwasdifficulttocoordinatetheeffortsofthecongressmenB.協調國會議員們的努力是很困難的

C.educationandbusinesscirclescaredlittleaboutnationalsecurityC.教育界和企業(yè)界對國家安全的關心甚少

D.resourceswerenotavailablefortheirenforcementD.沒有資源來執(zhí)行它們

【答案】A

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據題干信息可定位到倒數第二段第二句“在9?11事件之前，這類立法曾被兩大強大的游說團體阻撓：大學和商界，前者依賴外國學生的學費，而外國學生（foreignstudents）可能會被新法律拒之門外；后者則依賴外國人提供廉價勞動力（cheaplabor）?！庇纱丝芍绻路赏ㄟ^，那么外國學生和廉價勞動力會被擋在國外。因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“協調國會議員們的努力是很困難的”，文中提及“如果不是國會的操縱，該法案本應在這次獲得通過，預計該法案將在明年重新提出并獲得通過?！边@是發(fā)生在9?11事件之后的并不是之前，該選項屬于張冠李戴；

C選項“教育界和企業(yè)界對國家安全的關心甚少”，文中提到“這類立法曾被兩大強大的游說團體阻撓：大學和商界”，但是并不是說教育界和企業(yè)界不關心國家安全，該選項曲解原文，屬于過度推斷；

D選項“沒有資源來執(zhí)行它們”，根據文章可知，并不是沒有資源執(zhí)行它們，而是受到兩大游說團體的阻撓，該選項屬于反向干擾。

11.單選題

They（）sotiredifthey（）forawholeday.

問題1選項

A.wouldn’tfeel,didn’twalk

B.wouldn'tfeel,weren’twalking.

C.wouldn'tbefeeling,weren’twalking

D.wouldn'tbefeeling,hadn’tbeenwalking

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。結合選項與題干可知本題考查混合虛擬語氣，if引導的條件句中表示的是與過去事實相反的情況，應該用had+過去分詞，因此可以排除選項A、B、C，又因為主句部分表示的是現在事實相反的情況，所以需要用would+動原，由此可知，此題選項D為正確答案。句意：如果他們不是一整天都在走路，那么他們將不會感到如此疲憊。

12.單選題

Universitiesarefrequentlyjudgedonthebasisoftheaccomplishmentsoftheirprofessorsandscientists.Scientistswhopublish,therefore,bringprestigetotheircollegeoruniversity.

問題1選項

A.achievement

B.funding

C.wisdom

D.fame

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。prestige表示“威望，聲望，聲譽”；A項achievement“成就，完成，達到”，B項funding“提供資金”，C項wisdom“智慧，才智，明智”，D項fame“名聲，名望，傳聞”。句意：人們常常根據教授和科學家的成就來評判大學；因此，發(fā)表論文的科學家會給他們的學院或大學帶來聲望。因此，根據句意可知D選項正確。

13.單選題

Havinga(n)（

）attitudetowardspeoplewithdifferentideasisanindicationthatonehasbeenwelleducated.

問題1選項

A.tolerant

B.analytical

C.bearable

D.elastic

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。tolerant“寬容的，容忍的”；analytical“分析的，解析的”；bearable“可忍受的，支持得住的”；elastic“有彈性的，靈活的，易伸縮的”。根據句意“____對待持有不同觀點人是一種受過良好教育的表現”，C選項的bearable是被迫容忍，tolerant是主動容忍，顯然，選項A符合題意。

14.單選題

Thecourseleaderrequeststhatallthesesarehandedinbefore5:00p.m.nextFriday.

A

B

C

D

問題1選項

A.theses

B.are

C.in

D.nextFriday

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。當表示“建議、請求、命令、要求”等主觀意向的詞（suggest，advise，propose，recommend，demand，request等）引導賓語從句時，從句需用虛擬語氣：（should）+動詞原形，should可以省略。

試題答案：B;be

15.翻譯題

HanDynasty,foundedin202BC,wasoneofthelongestdynastiesinChinesehistory.Itwasdividedintotwoperiods:theWesternHanDynastyandtheEasternHanDynasty.Consideredagoldenage,HanDynastycreatedagloriouscivilizationinvariousaspects,includingeconomy,culture,artaswellasscienceandtechnology,etc.HanDynastylaidafoundationfortheethniccultureoftheHanNationality,andConfucianismrespectedbytheWesternHanDynastybecamethemainstreamideologyofChina.

【答案】漢朝建于公元前202年，是中國歷史上存在時間最長的朝代之一，分為西漢與東漢兩個階段。漢朝被稱為黃金時代，在經濟、文化、藝術和科技等各個方面均創(chuàng)造了輝煌的文明。漢朝奠定了漢民族的民族文化，西漢所尊崇的儒家思想成為中國的主流思想。

16.單選題

NorthKoreahas（）tieswithSouthKorea,excepttheKaesongZone,ajointventurebetweenthetwoKoreas,readyingitselfforastateofthewar.

問題1選項

A.savored

B.severed

C.segmented

D.segregated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項savored“盡情享受；欣賞”；B選項severed“斷絕；分離”；C選項segmented“分割；分裂”；D選項segregated“使隔離；使分離”。句意：除了開城工業(yè)區(qū)這個兩國的合資企業(yè)，北朝鮮已經……與南韓的聯系，準備進入戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài)。B，C，D選項都有分離的意思，由后面的名詞ties“紐帶；聯系”，可知句中是指斷開兩國之間的聯系。severed就有斷絕關系或者斷開聯系的意思。因此B選項符合題意。

17.單選題

Usingpopularathletestoendorseandpitchcompaniesandtheirproductshasbecomecommonplaceinadvertising.U.S.companiespaidmorethan$1billiontonearly2,000athletesforendorsementdealsandlicensingrightsin1996-atenfoldincreasefromjustadecadeago.Nikealonespendsmorethan$100millionayearonendorsementcontracts.TheaverageathleteontheForbessuper40listoftop-earningathletescommandsaround$250,000ayearforanationalendorsement.SuperstarMichaelJordan,theathletewhomakesthemostfromendorsements,considersonlymultiyeardealsthatpayatleast$10million.Inadditiontotheendorsementfees,companiesspendanother$10billiontoadvertiseandpromotetheirassociationtotheseathletes.

Whilecompaniesareinvestinghugesumsofmoneyintotheconceptthatathletesmakegoodpromoter,theyarealsorecognizingthatchoosingacelebrityendorserisnolongeramatterofpersonaltasteandtop-managementwhimsy.Severalcompanieshavebeenbadlyburnedwhentheirhigh-pricedendorserswereinvolvedinmessyscandalsandcontroversies.HertzCorp,usedO.J.Simpsonasitsspokespersonfor20yearsandlostallofthatequitywhenhewasaccusedofmurderinghisex-wifeandherfriend.Smallercompaniesfaceevengreaterriskswhentheyentrusttheirnameandimagetoanathlete.WhenDallasCowboysfootballstarMichaelIrvinwascaughtinamotelroomwithstrippersanddrugs,13Toyotadealershipsthatpaidhim$120,000todoaseriesofcommercialshadlittlechoicebuttopulltheadsandswallowthe$400,000inproductioncosts.WhenIrvinrefusedtoreturnhispayment,aswellasa$50,000carthedealershipshadlenthim,theysued,thecasesettledoutofcourt.

Riskmanagementhasbecomeamajorconsiderationforcompaniesconsideringusingathletesasendorsers.However,manymarketersarewillingtotakechanceonirreverentorrebelliousathleteswhoseoutlandishbehaviordrawsattentiontothem.Forexample,basketballstarDennisRodmanhasparlayedhisbadimageintoendorsementcontractswithNike,McDonald's,PizzaHut,ComfortInn,andConverse.Rodman’ssponsorsbelieveheappealstotheelusiveGenerationXmarketthatthesecompaniesaretryingtoreach.However,Rodman’santicshavebecometoomuchforsomecompanies.TheCarl’sJr.fast-foodchaintemporarilysuspendeditsrelationshipwithRodmaninearly1997whenhewassuspendedforkickingacourtsidephotographerduringagame.

Mostcompaniesaremovingawayfromcontroversialathletesandlookingforoneswhowillnotjustattractattentionbutenhancetheimageofthecompanyorbrandtheyareendorsing.Theirgoalistoachieveanendorser'shaloeffect-apositiveassociationthatbathestheproductingoodvibesafterapopularsportscelebrityhaspitchedit.Marketershavediscoveredthatthereareanumberof“niceguys”availabletoendorsetheirproducts.AmongthemaretennisstarsPeteSamprasandMichaelChang(whohasemergedasthemostpopularathleteinAsiabyfar),SanFranciscoquarterbackSteveYoung,baseballironmanCalRipkenJr.,LosAngelesLakersbasketballstarShaquilleO’Neal,hockeystarWayneGretzky,andgolferTigerWoods.Evenformerstarswithlikablepersonalitiesandimagesaspositiverolemodelsarestillpopular,includingArnoldPalmer,JoeMontana,JimPalmer,NolanRyan,andChrisEvert,

PerhapsnobodyembodiesthenewbreedofniceguysuperstarbetterthanbasketballstarGrantHill.AnAll-AmericanatDuke,hestayedallfouryearsandgraduatedwithhisclass.Hisfather,Calvin,playedfootballatYaleandwasastarwiththeDallasCowboys.DuringhisfirsttwoyearsintheNBA,HillreceivedmorefanvotesforaspotontheNBAAll-Starteamthananyotherplayer,includingMichaelJordan.

ThebiggestbeneficiaryofGrantHill’snonabrasive,good-humored,All-AmericanimagehasbeenFila,andItaliancompanythatsignedHilltoanendorsementcontractin1994.SincesigningHill,Filahasbecomethethird-largestsneakermakerintheUnitesStates.Salesshotup37percentin1995andanother40percentin1996to$750million.Hill’snamesakeshoetrailsonlyNike’sAirJordansinsale.FilaofficialsreadilyacknowledgethatHill’s“niceguys”imageappealstothecurrentsensibilitiesofMiddleAmerican.

ThreeyearsagobasketballstarCharlesBarkleyappearedinaNikecommercialwherehegloweredatthecameraanddeclared,“Iamnotarolemodel,”Sincethen,hisendorsementtakebeencutinhalf.Hillreadilyacknowledges“Iamarolemodel.”Inadditiontogetting$6millionayearfromFilaplusa5percentroyaltyonthesaleofhisshoes,HillhasendorsecontractwithSprite,GMCtrucks,Kellogg’sandMcDonald’s.Itappearsthatniceguysarefinishingfirstintheendorsementgame.

1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,basketballstarGrantHillhasendorsecontractwith（）

3.Basedonthepassage,whichofthefollowingmakesthemostfromendorsement?

4.Allofthefollowingareregardedas“NiceGuys”availabletoendorsetheproductsEXCEPT（）

5.Fila,anItaliancompanyfirstsignedGrantHilltoanendorsementcontract（）

問題1選項

A.DallasCowboysfootballstarMichaelIrvinmade13Toyotadealershipspulltheadsandswallowthe$400,000inproductioncosts.

B.“Niceguys”havefarmoreeffectsonU.S.companiesthantheirreverentathletes.

C.BasketballstarGrantHill,embodiesthenewbreedofniceguysuperstarbetterthananyotherathlete.

D.Riskmanagementhasbecomeamajorconsiderationforcompaniesconsideringusingathletesasendorsers.

問題2選項

A.McDonald’s

B.Nike

C.PizzaHut

D.HertzCorp.

問題3選項

A.GrantHill

B.DennisRodman

C.MichaelJordan

D.O.J.Simpson

問題4選項

A.MichaelChang

B.SteveYoung

C.ShaquilleO’Neal

D.DennisRodman

問題5選項

A.in1996

B.in1995

C.in1994

D.in1993

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據原文中第三段的第一句“Riskmanagementhasbecomeamajorconsiderationforcompaniesconsideringusingathletesasendorsers.”可知本句為全文的中心句。所以選項D正確。選項A只是文中提到的一個例子；選項B,C描述不準確。所以本題選D。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據最后一段的倒數第二句“...HillhasendorsecontractwithSprite,GMCtrucks,Kellogg’sandMcDonald’s.”可知選項A正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據第一段倒數第二句“SuperstarMichaelJordan,theathletewhomakesthemostfromendorsements,considersonlymultiyeardealsthatpayatleast$10million.”可知選項C正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據第四段“Marketershavediscoveredthatthereareanumberof“niceguys”availabletoendorsetheirproducts.Amongthemare...”選項A,B,C均有提及；根據第三段“basketballstarDennisRodmanhasparlayedhisbadimageintoendorsementcontractswithNike,McDonald's,PizzaHut,ComfortInn,andConverse.”可知DennisRodman的形象不太好。所以本題選D。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據文章倒數第二段的第一句“ThebiggestbeneficiaryofGrantHill’snonabrasive,good-humored,All-AmericanimagehasbeenFila,andItaliancompanythatsignedHilltoanendorsementcontractin1994.”可知選項C正確。

18.單選題

TheartofpublicspeakingbeganinancientGreeceover2,000yearsago.Now,twitter,instantmessaging,e-mail,blogsandchatforumsofferrivalapproachestocommunication―butnonecanreplacetheroleofagreatspeech.

Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:persuadingorinspiring,informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething.

Overthepastyear,thehumanvoicehashelpedguideusovertheupsanddownsofwhatwascertainlyastormytime.

Persuasionisusedindealingwithorreconcilingdifferentpointsofview.WhentheleadersmetinCopenhageninDecember2009,persuasivewordsfromactivistsencouragedthemtocommitthemselvestofirmeraction.

Inspirationalspeechesconfronttheemotions.Theyfocusontopicsandmattersthatareclosetopeople’shearts.Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspeechestopreparethetroopsforbattle.

Aspeechthatconveysknowledgeandenhancesunderstandingcaninformus.Theinformationmustbeclear,accurate,andexpressedinameaningfulandinterestingway.WhentheH1N1pandemicwasannounced,theideaof“swineflu”scaredmanypeople.InformativespeechesfromWorldHealthOrganizationofficialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicundercontrolsotheycouldtakesensibleprecautions.

Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwithbutaspeechthatpaystributetothelossofalovedoneandgivespraisefortheircontributioncanbecomforting.Madonna’sspeechaboutMichaelJackson,afterhisdeath,highlightedthefactthathewillcontinuetoliveonthroughhismusic.

It’snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole.Itcanalsobesurprisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.

Ifyou’retakingpartinadebateyouneedtopersuadethelistenersofthesoundnessofyourargument.Insports,athletesknowtheimportanceofapeptalkbeforeamatchtoinspireteammates.Youyourselfmaybeaskedtodoapresentationatcollegeorworktoinformtheothersaboutanareaofvitalimportance.

Onamorepersonallevel,afriendmaybeupsetandneedcomforting.Oryoumightbeaskedtointroduceaspeakeratafamilyeventortospeakatawedding,whereyourlanguagewillbeneededtomovepeopleormakethemlaugh.

Greatspeakingabilityisnotsomethingwe’rebornwith.EvenBarackObamaworkshardtoperfecteveryspeech.Forabrilliantspeech,therearerulesthatyoucanputtogooduse.Tolearnthoserulesyouhavetopracticeandlearnfromsomeoutstandingspeechesinthepast.

7.Theauthorthinksthespokenwordisstillirreplaceablebecause____.

8.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTabouttheroleofpublicspeaking?

9.PublicspeakingcanplayallthefollowingrolesEXCEPT____.

10.Thephrase“paystributeto”inPara.7isclosestinmeaningto____.

11.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheauthor’sviewon“greatspeakingability”?

12.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.ithasalwaysbeenusedtoinspireorpersuadepeople

B.ithasabigroletoplayintheentertainmentbusiness

C.itplaysimportantrolesinhumancommunication

D.itisofgreatuseineveryday-lifecontext

問題2選項

A.Speechesatworldforumscanleadtoeffectivesolutionstoworldproblems.

B.Speechesfrommedicalauthoritiescancalmpeopledownintimesofpandemics.

C.Themoraleofsoldiersbeforeabattlecanbeboostedbyseniorofficers’speeches.

D.Speechespayingtributetothedeadcancomfortthemourners.

問題3選項

A.toconvincepeopleinadebate

B.toinformpeopleatapresentation

C.toadvisepeopleatwork

D.toentertainpeopleatawedding

問題4選項

A.expressesone’ssympathyorpity

B.expressesone’sadmirationorrespect

C.expressesone’scomfortorencouragement

D.expressesone’ssadnessormelancholy

問題5選項

A.Itcomesfromobservingrules.

B.Itcanbeperfectedwitheasyeffort.

C.Itcanbeacquiredfrombirth.

D.Itcomesfromlearningandpractice.

問題6選項

A.Publicspeakingininternationalforums.

B.Themanyusesofpublicspeaking.

C.Publicspeakingindailylifecontext.

D.Therulesofpublicspeaking.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:B

【解析】7.事實細節(jié)題。

1）精準定位：根據題干“作者認為口語仍然是不可替代的，因為____”，可定位到原文第2段Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:Persuadingorinspiring,informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething.（口語可以有各種重要的功能：勸說或激勵、告知、表達敬意、娛樂、或單純介紹某人或某事或接受某事。）

2）綜合理解：A選項“它一直被用來激勵或說服人們”，是原文提到的原因之一，但不是全部，該選項屬于以偏概全，排除；B選項“它在娛樂業(yè)中扮演著重要的角色”，原文雖然提到了entertaining，但原文指的就是娛樂，而不是選項中所說的娛樂業(yè)，更沒有說在娛樂業(yè)中扮演著重要角色，該選項屬于偷換概念，排除；C選項“它在人類交流中扮演著重要的角色”，該選項是對原文各種功能的概括，表述正確；D選項“它在日常生活中很有用”，可定位到原文第8段It’snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole.Itcanalsobesurprisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.（不僅僅是在世界論壇上，公眾演講扮演著重要的角色。在我們自己的生活中，它也會有驚人的幫助。）根據句意，該選項指提到了日常生活一個方面，而沒有提到其他方面，屬于以偏概全，排除。因此，本題最佳選項為C。

8.事實細節(jié)題。

1）精準定位：題干“關于公眾演講的作用，下列哪個陳述是不正確的？”

A選項“在世界論壇上的發(fā)言可以為解決世界問題帶來有效的措施”可定位到原文第4段最后一句WhentheleadersmetinCopenhageninDecember2009,persuasivewordsfromactivistsencouragedthemtocommitthemselv