考研考博-英語-北京航空航天大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京航空航天大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Costumejewelryisverypopularbecause____allowsforagreatvarietyofstyles.

問題1選項

A.ofitslowprice

B.itslowprice

C.thepriceislow

D.thepriceisbeinglow

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.ofitslowprice價格便宜B.itslowprice它低廉的價格

C.thepriceislow價格便宜D.thepriceisbeinglow價格便宜

【答案】B

【考查點】主謂搭配

【解題思路】根據(jù)選項推測，原句語義為“用于裝飾的珠寶很受歡迎，因為（because）它的價格便宜，可以有各種各樣的款式（allowsforagreatvarietyofstyles）”。根據(jù)原文，空格之前為引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的關(guān)系詞because，空格之后為從句的謂語動詞allowsfor，所以，空格處所填的內(nèi)容應(yīng)為從句的主語，四個選項中只有B選項itslowprice“它低廉的價格”可以充當(dāng)主語，符合要求。

【干擾項排除】

A選項ofitslowprice，不能充當(dāng)主語不符合要求，雖然becauseofitslowprice可以做主句Costumejewelryisverypopular的原因狀語，但是與后文的動賓結(jié)構(gòu)allowsforagreatvarietyofstyles不搭；

C選項thepriceislow，是一個完整的句子，可以直接跟because做原因狀語從句，但是與后文的動賓短語搭配不當(dāng)；如果做主語從句的話，缺少從句引導(dǎo)詞；

D選項thepriceisbeinglow，時態(tài)和搭配都不符合原句。

【句意】用于裝飾的珠寶很受歡迎，因為它的價格低廉，可以有各種各樣的款式。

2.單選題

Inordertoshowhisbosswhatacarefulworkerhewas,hetook（）troubleoverthefigures.

問題1選項

A.extensive

B.spare

C.extra

D.supreme

【答案】C

【解析】extensive廣泛的,大量的；spare多余的,少量的；extra額外的；supreme最高的,最重要的。句意：為了讓老板知道他是一個多么細(xì)心的工人,他在數(shù)據(jù)上花了額外的功夫。

3.翻譯題

計算機病毒系一小撮存心不良的黑客所為，這些人純屬為了搞惡作劇而編造有毒軟件。病毒是短行的軟件代碼，具有以下三個特征：第一，病毒把自己隱藏在合法的文件或程序之中；第二，病毒像細(xì)菌那樣進行復(fù)制以在計算機之間傳播；第三，病毒對計算機的所作所為可令你氣得發(fā)瘋。

【答案】Computervirusesarecreatedbyasmallgroupofevilhackerswhowriteharmfulsoftwarejustforthesakeoffun.Thevirusesareshort-linesoftwarecodes,witchhavethefollowingthreefeatures,first,theyhidethemselvesamonglegaldocumentsorprograms;second,theycancopythemselveslikebacteriatobetransferredamongcomputers;third,theireffectonyourcomputerswilldriveyoucrazyandmakeyoumad.

4.單選題

Some4,000privateimporters,exportersandwholesalerswerenationalizedand（

）intoahugegovernmentmonopoly,theStateTradingCorp.

問題1選項

A.incorporated

B.inclined

C.resigned

D.resorted

【答案】A

【解析】incorporateinto并入；其他選項都不與into搭配,而是一般與to搭配。句意:約4,000家私營進出口商和批發(fā)商被收歸國有,并被并入一家大型的政府壟斷企業(yè)——國有貿(mào)易公司。選項A符合句意。

5.翻譯題

Familyis,ifanything,thelinkbetweengenerations,thefocalpointofsocialreproduction,andculturaltransmission.Thewholepointofmarriageisthatitimposesclearobligations,notjusttherighttopursueyourownhappiness.Andthemainobligationistoprovidebothemotionalandpracticalnurtureforchildren.Theglowofburningpassionmaywellhavefaded,yourloveforyourspousemaynotbeasexcitingorsatisfyingasitoncewas,butgoingoffinsearchofanotherlovewillnothelpyourchildren.TheLoveFamilyiseithertooamorphousforchildren,orit’stoounstable,with,adultsmovingoniftherelationshipnolongeranswerstheirsearch,forperfecthappiness.Iwouldventuretosuggestthatloveisnotenoughtosustainanongoingmaritalrelationship.TheLoveFamily,intheend,doesn'thavetocare.Andunfetteredfreedomwillbecomeourchain,leavinguswithnorecoursebutlonelyisolation.

【答案】如果硬要說什么的話，家庭是世代之間的紐帶，是社會再生產(chǎn)和文化傳播的焦點?；橐龅娜恳饬x在于它強加了它的明確的義務(wù)，而不僅僅是追求自己幸福的權(quán)利。它主要的職責(zé)是為孩子們提供情感和實際的培養(yǎng)。激情燃燒的光芒可能已經(jīng)消退，你對配偶的愛可能不像過去那么令人興奮或滿足，但去尋找另一種愛對你的孩子沒有幫助。對于孩子來說，愛的家庭要么太不定形，要么太不穩(wěn)定。如果這種關(guān)系不再滿足他們對完美幸福的追求，成年人就會繼續(xù)前進。我敢說，愛不足以維持一段持續(xù)的婚姻關(guān)系。愛的家庭，最終，不必在意。不受約束的自由將成為我們的枷鎖，使我們沒有任何依靠，只有孤獨和孤立。

6.單選題

Iftheuniversalityofimmersion-stylelanguageprograms,emergencytestprepclasses,tiredcollegekidsisanyindication,cramming(臨時抱佛腳)isawildlypopularstudystrategy.Professorsfrownuponityetconspirebysqueezingvasttopicslike“Evolution”or“Worldhistory1914topresent”intothelastweekofacourse.Soiscrammingeffectiveornot?AnewstudybyUC-SanDiegopsychologistsconfirmswhatyoumaysuspectdeepdown:Theanswerisno.Hurriedmemorizationisahopelessapproachforretaininginformation.Butit’snotallbadnews.Theteamoffersapreciseformulaforbetterstudyhabits,anditdoesn’tnecessarilyneeddoggeddisciplineandroutine.

Toarriveattheirprescription,thescientiststestedthe“spacingeffect”onlong-termmemory.Inotherwords,theywantedtoknowhowthetimegapbetweenstudysessionsinfluencestheabilitytoremembermaterialontestday.Theyasked1,354volunteerstomemorize32trivialfacts,suchas“Whoinventedsnowgolf.”(RudyardKipling)and“WhatEuropeannationconsumesthemostspicyMexicanfood”(Norway).Participantsreviewedtheanswersanywherefromseveralminutestoseveralmonthsafterfirstlearningthem,andthenweretesteduptoayearlater.

ThefindingsStudentsperformbetterwhentheyspacetheirstudysessionsratherthanwhentheytrytocrameverythingintotheirheadsduringonesitting.Butforthosewhomustcram,timingiseverything.Accordingtotheresearchers,ifyouhaveonlyonedateonwhichtostudy,chooseadaythat’sclosertowhenyoufirstlearnedthematerialthanwhenyoutakethetest—butnottooclose.Forinstance,ifyouhaveaFrenchlessononMondayandaquizthefollowingMonday,youshouldstudyonWednesdayformaximumretention.TuesdayistooearlyandSundayistoolate.Ifyouwanttoremembersomethingforayear,waitaboutamonthtoreviewwhatyoulearned.

HalPashler,oneoftheleadauthors,suspectsthatmostcrammersdon’trealizetheerroroftheirways.“Eveninthescientificcommunity,cram-typesummercoursesonnewresearchmethodsareextremelypopular,”hetoldmeinanemail.“AndIhaveneverheardpeoplewhotakethesecoursesevennoticethefactthattheyareaperfectprescriptionforrapidforgetting.”

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeprofessors’attitudetowardcramming?

2.

AccordingtoParagraph1,thenewstudyoncramming（）.

3.InParagraph2theauthormainlydescribes（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,themostimportantcrammingstrategyis（）.

5.Bymentioningthesciencecommunity,HalPashlertriestostressthat（）.

問題1選項

A.Rationallyrejecting.

B.Reasonablyignoring.

C.Readilyaccepting.

D.Reluctantlyhelping.

問題2選項

A.provesthecorrectnessofthegeneralunderstanding

B.makesusconfusedabouthowtounderstandit

C.pointsouttheproblemsofthepopulartheories

D.raisesquestionsastowhatshouldbeavoided

問題3選項

A.thenecessityofthetest

B.theprocedureofthetest

C.theselectionofthetestsubjects

D.thecontentofthetestquestions

問題4選項

A.puttingthingsintocategory

B.dividingthestudysession

C.lengtheningthereviewsession

D.choosingtheoptimalreviewtime

問題5選項

A.peoplearenotfullyawareoftheproblemswithcramming

B.itisimportanttodevelopbetterstudyhabitsthancramming

C.forgettingisoneofthemajornegativeeffectsofcramming

D.sciencepeopleshouldtaketheleadingivingupcramming

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段中的“Professorsfrownuponityetconspirebysqueezingvasttopicslike‘Evolution’or‘Worldhistory1914topresent’intothelastweekofacourse.（教授們對此并不贊成，但他們會在課程的最后一周，把‘進化論’或‘1914年世界史’這樣的大話題擠到課堂上，共同密謀。）”很好地詮釋了教授們對臨時抱佛腳的態(tài)度，即理性地拒絕。B選項“合理的忽略”；C選項“欣然接受”；D選項“不情愿的幫助”都不能代表教授們的態(tài)度，因此A選項正確。

2.推理判斷題。文章第一段主要闡明了臨時抱佛腳式學(xué)習(xí)策略以及教授們對此的態(tài)度，還有關(guān)于該學(xué)習(xí)策略的研究。文中“Soiscrammingeffectiveornot?AnewstudybyUC-SanDiegopsychologistsconfirmswhatyoumaysuspectdeepdown:Theanswerisno.（那么死記硬背到底有效還是無效呢？加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校的心理學(xué)家進行的一項新研究證實了你內(nèi)心深處的猜測：答案是否定的。）”說明該研究證明了一般人的理解是正確的，所以選擇A選項。B選項“讓我們對如何理解它感到困惑”文中沒有提到；C選項“指出流行理論的問題”也不符合段意；D選項“提出了應(yīng)該避免什么的問題”也沒有提到，因此A選項正確。

3.推理判斷題。第二段主要描述了專家進行的研究?！癟heyasked1,354volunteerstomemorize32trivialfacts,suchas‘Whoinventedsnowgolf.’(RudyardKipling)and‘WhatEuropeannationconsumesthemostspicyMexicanfood’(Norway).Participantsreviewedtheanswersanywherefromseveralminutestoseveralmonthsafterfirstlearningthem,andthenweretesteduptoayearlater.（他們要求1354名志愿者記住32件小事，比如‘誰發(fā)明了雪高爾夫球’（拉迪亞德?吉卜林）。和‘歐洲哪個國家吃的墨西哥菜最辣’（挪威）。在第一次學(xué)習(xí)答案后，參與者在幾分鐘到幾個月的時間內(nèi)對答案進行復(fù)核，然后在一年后進行測試。）”這句話主要描述了該研究的程序，并沒有側(cè)重于A選項“研究的必要性”，也沒有側(cè)重于C選項“研究對象的選擇”，更沒有側(cè)重于D選項“測試的內(nèi)容”，即描述32件小事的內(nèi)容，因此B選項正確。

4.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段中的“Butforthosewhomustcram,timingiseverything.（但對于那些必須死記硬背的人來說，時機就是一切。）”指出死記硬背最重要的就是選擇好記憶時機。A選項“把東西分類”；B選項“劃分學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)節(jié)”；C選項“延長復(fù)習(xí)期”都沒有提到，因此D選項“選擇最佳的復(fù)習(xí)時間”正確。

5.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。最后一段中的“HalPashler,oneoftheleadauthors,suspectsthatmostcrammersdon’trealizetheerroroftheirways.‘Eveninthescientificcommunity,cram-typesummercoursesonnewresearchmethodsareextremelypopular,’hetoldmeinanemail.（該研究的主要作者之一哈爾?帕什勒（HalPashler）在一封電子郵件中告訴我他懷疑大多數(shù)死記硬背式學(xué)習(xí)的人沒有意識到他們學(xué)習(xí)方法的錯誤。即使在科學(xué)界，關(guān)于新研究方法的臨時暑期課程也非常受歡迎。）”說到大多數(shù)人并沒有完全意識到死記硬背這個方法的不可行，盡管在科學(xué)界也是如此。B選項“養(yǎng)成更好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣比死記硬背更重要”原文沒有提到；C選項“遺忘是死記硬背的主要負(fù)面影響之一”與題干無關(guān)；D選項“科學(xué)人應(yīng)該帶頭放棄死記硬背”文中也沒有提到，因此A選項“人們沒有完全意識到死記硬背的問題”正確。

7.單選題

Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.

Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromoneanother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Thecontroversyisoftenreferredtoas“nature/nurture”.

Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittleifanything,todowithourabilities’,characteristics,andbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchadegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.

Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,orastheyareoftencalled,behaviorists,claimedthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.AbehavioristB.F.Skinnerseeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.Thebehaviorists’viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic,theymaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.

Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Thatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldsupportersofthe“nature”theoryagreewith?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldproponentsofthe“nurture”theoryagreewith?

3.B.F.Skinner（）.

4.Concerningthenature/nurturecontroversy,thewriterofthisarticle（）.

5.IntheU.S,blackpeopleoftenscorepeopleonintelligencetests.Withthisinmind,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

問題1選項

A.Aperson’sinductshavelittleeffectonhisactions.

B.Environmentisimportantindeterminingaperson’sbehaviorandpersonality

C.Biologicalreasonshaveastronginfluenceonhowweact.

D.Thebehaviorists’viewcorrectlyexplainshowweact.

問題2選項

A.Environmenthaslittletodowithbehavior

B.Behavioristtheoryisnotcorrect

C.Biologicallybasedinstinctsareimportantinhowweact.

D.Apersons’characterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhisenvironment

問題3選項

A.supportsthenaturetheory

B.thinkstheenvironmentplaysanimportantroleindeterminingcharacter

C.believesinstinctsgovernbehavior

D.believesintheimportanceofgenesindeterminingpersonality

問題4選項

A.supportsthenaturetheory

B.supportsthenurturetheory

C.believesbotharecompletelywrong

D.thinksthatthecorrectexplanationofhumanbehaviorwilltakeideasfromboththeories.

問題5選項

A.Natureproponentswouldsaythatwhitesaregeneticallysuperiortoblacks

B.Nurtureproponentswoulddisagreethatblacksarebiologicallyinferiortowhites

C.Supportersofthenaturetheorywouldsaythatwhitesscorewellbecausetheyhaveasuperiorenvironment

D.Behavioristswouldsaythatblacksoftenlacktheeducationalandenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第三段第一句“Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactors.”那些支持“先天性”的人認(rèn)為,我們的個性和行為模式在很大程度上是由生物學(xué)和基因因素決定的。選項C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第一句可知,“后天性”理論的支持者認(rèn)為,環(huán)境比基于生物學(xué)的本能更能決定我們的行為模式。所以選項D正確。

3.根據(jù)第四段第二句“AbehavioristB.F.Skinnerseeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.”行為主義者B.F.Skinner認(rèn)為,人類的行為幾乎完全是由周圍環(huán)境塑造的。選項B符合原文。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,這兩種理論都不能完全解釋人類的行為。事實上,我們行為的關(guān)鍵很可能在這兩個極端之間。選項D符合原文。

5.選項C說“先天性”理論的支持者認(rèn)為白人得分高是因為他們擁有優(yōu)越的環(huán)境。很顯然是錯誤的,因為環(huán)境影響是“后天性”支持者的看法。所以本題選C。

8.單選題

Hecameallthewaytohelpher______thatshehaddrownedherselfinawell.

問題1選項

A.onlytofind

B.tofind

C.inordertofind

D.soastofind

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他一路趕來幫助她，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)她投井自盡了。A選項onlytofind“結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)”；B選項tofind“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；C選項inordertofind“為了發(fā)現(xiàn)”；D選項soastofind“以便發(fā)現(xiàn)”。根據(jù)語境，A選項onlytofind“結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

9.單選題

Whatismostimportanttothemonkeysinthesanctuaryisthattheyareagroup;thisissobecauseprimatesareinveterately（）andbuildtheirlivesaroundeachother.

問題1選項

A.independent

B.proprietary

C.social

D.stable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項independent“獨立的；單獨的；無黨派的；不受約束的”；B選項proprietary“專賣的，專營的；所有的，所有權(quán)的”；C選項social“社會的，社交的；群居的”；D選項stable“穩(wěn)定的，牢固的；穩(wěn)重的，沉穩(wěn)的；持久的”。句意：對于禁獵區(qū)的猴子而言，最重要的一點是它們是一個群體；這之所以如此，是因為靈長目動物具有一種根深蒂固的群居習(xí)性，均圍繞著對方而營造其生活。

10.單選題

OnourwaytoBeijing,wevisitedXi’an,acityoftwomillion（）,andstayedtherefortwodays.

問題1選項

A.insects

B.human

C.inhabitants

D.flights

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項insect“昆蟲，卑鄙的人”；B選項human“人，人類”；C選項inhabitant“居民，居住者”；D選項flight“飛行，班機”。句意：在去北京的途中，我們參觀了有200萬人口的城市西安，并在那里呆了兩天。由選項意思和句意可知，C選項符合句意。

11.單選題

Ellenhascomeintoalotofmoneyrecentlythankstoherrelatives'___.

問題1選項

A.generosity

B.sincerity

C.certainty

D.flexibility

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項generosity“慷慨，大方；寬宏大量”；B選項sincerity“真實，誠摯”；C選項certainty“必然；確實；確實的事情”；D選項flexibility“靈活性；彈性；適應(yīng)性”。句意：由于親戚們的慷慨，埃倫最近得到了很多錢。因此A選項正確。

12.單選題

Wewouldjustassoonstayathome（）goforawalk.

問題1選項

A.than

B.but

C.as

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定句型。would(just)assoon...as意為“寧愿...也不...”。句意“我們寧愿待在家里也不愿出去散步?！彼赃x項C正確。

13.單選題

Thesenaturalresourceswillbe（）soonerorlaterifthepresentrateofexploitationcontinues.

問題1選項

A.depleted

B.deployed

C.inclined

D.mingled

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析。句意：如果按目前的開采速度繼續(xù)下去，這些自然資源遲早會被的。因此A項depleted(耗盡)正確。

14.寫作題

SupposeyouareapplyingforaPhDprogramataUKuniversity.ProfessorGothhaswrittenarecommendationletterforyouatyourrequest.YouarerequiredtowritealetterofthankstoProfessorGoth,whooncetaughtacourseinyourschoolandyouattendedthecourse.

1.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheintroduction.Use“LiMing”instead.

3.Donotwritetheaddress.

【答案】DearProfessorGoth,

Doyoustillrememberme?IamLiMingfromChina.Thisyear,Ihavegotmydoctor’sdegreeinlinguisticsattheUniversityofReadingintheUnitedKingdom.Ihavemadesomeachievementsinmyacademicresearch.

TodayIamwritingtoyoutoextendmysincerethanksforyourhelpseveralyearsago.In2007,Iwasenrolledinyouruniversityandselectedlinguisticsasmyspecialty.Myresearchinterestthenwascasegrammar.Imetwithmanydifficultiesinmylearningprocess.Asmyteacher,youencouragedmeandenabledmetostrengthenmybeliefinlearningwelllinguistics,aboringsubjectconsideredbysomanystudents.Iadmiredyouverymuchbecauseyoucouldalwaysmakecomplicatedquestionssimplifiedwhileteachingusinclass.Underyourtutelage,Igotmymaster’sdegreeinlinguisticsin2009.Thatyear,Imadeupmymindtobeadoctoralcandidate.IappliedtotheUniversityofReading.YouwrotearecommendationletterformetoProfessorGorden,thedeanofLinguisticsDepartment,theUniversityofReading.Iowemysubsequentacademicsuccesstoyourtutelageandkindhelp,withoutwhich,Iwouldstillhavebeengropingmywayinthedarkness.SoI’llneverforgetyou,myrespectableprofessor.

Bestregards.

Yoursrespectfully

LiMing

15.翻譯題

Nowastothematteroflying,youwanttobeverycarefulaboutlying;otherwiseyouarenearlysuretogetcaught.Oncecaught,youcanneveragainbe,intheeyesofthegoodandpure,whatyouwerebefore.Manyayoungpersonhasinjuredhimselfpermanentlythroughasingleclumsyandill-finishedlie,theresultofcarelessnessbornofincompletetraining.Someauthoritiesholdthattheyoungoughtnottolieatall.That,ofcourse,isputtingitratherstrongerthannecessary;stillwhilelcannotgoquitesofarasthat,Idomaintain,andIbelieveIamright,thattheyoungoughttobetemperateintheuseofthisgreatartuntilpracticeandexperienceshallgivethemthatconfidence,eleganceandprecisionwhichalonecanmaketheaccomplishmentgracefulandprofitable.Practice,diligence,painstakingattentiontodetail—thesearerequirements;theseintime,willmakethestudentperfect;uponthese,andupontheseonly,mayherelyasthesurefoundationforfutureeminence.Thinkwhattediousyearsofstudy,thought,practice,experience,wenttotheequipmentofthatpeerlessoldmasterwhowasabletoimposeuponthewholeworldtheloftyandsoundingmaximthat“Truthismightyandwillprevail”—themostmajesticcompoundfractureoffactwhichanyofwomanbornhasyetachieved.Forthehistoryofourrace,andeachindividual’sexperience,aresownthickwithevidencethatatruthisnothardtokillandalietoldwellisimmortal.ThereisinBostonamonumentofthemanwhodiscoveredanesthesia.

【答案】現(xiàn)在要是說到說謊，你必須要非常小心地說謊；否則你幾乎肯定會被抓。在善良和純潔的人眼里，一旦你被抓住，你就再也不可能是你以前的樣子了。許多年輕人就因為一個笨拙的、沒有完成的謊言而永久地傷害了自己，這是缺乏訓(xùn)練而導(dǎo)致的粗心的結(jié)果。一些權(quán)威人士認(rèn)為，年輕人根本不應(yīng)該撒謊。當(dāng)然，這是一種過于強烈的表達；盡管我不能做到那樣，我還是會堅持，我相信我是對的，年輕人在運用這門偉大的藝術(shù)時應(yīng)該有節(jié)制，直到實踐和經(jīng)驗會給他們帶來自信、優(yōu)雅和精確，而只有這些才能使你優(yōu)雅而有益地完成這門藝術(shù)。實踐、勤奮、對細(xì)節(jié)的細(xì)心——這些都是要求；這些假以時日，會使學(xué)生臻于完美；在這些基礎(chǔ)上，也只有在這些基礎(chǔ)上，他才能作為未來顯赫的可靠基礎(chǔ)。想想看，這位舉世無雙的老大師，經(jīng)過多年枯燥乏味的學(xué)習(xí)、思考、實踐和經(jīng)驗，才得以把“真理是強大的，并且將會獲勝”這句崇高而響亮的格言傳遍全世界——這是迄今為止任何一位女性所取得的最宏偉的復(fù)合斷裂事實。因為我們?nèi)祟惖臍v史和每個人的經(jīng)歷都布滿了證據(jù)，證明真理不難消滅，而講得好的謊言則是不朽的。波士頓有一座紀(jì)念麻醉術(shù)發(fā)明者的紀(jì)念碑。

16.問答題

Biologically,thereisonlyonequalitywhichdistinguishesusfromanimals:theabilitytolaughs.Inauniversewhichappearstobeutterlydevoid（1）humor,weenjoythissupremeluxury.Anditisaluxury,forunlikeanyotherbodilyprocess,laughterdoesnotseemtoserveabiologicallyusefulpurpose.Inadivideworld,laughterisaunifyingforce.Humanbeingsopposeeachotheronagreatmanyissues.Nationsmaydisagreeaboutsystemsofgovernmentandhumanrelationsmaybeplaguedbyideologicalfactionsandpoliticalcamps,butweallsharetheabilitytolaugh.Andlaughter,

（2）

turn,dependsonthatmostcomplexandsubtleofallhumanqualities:asenseofhumor.Certaincomicstereotypeshaveuniversalappeal.Thiscanbestbeseenfromtheworld-widepopularityofCharlieChaplin’searlyfilms.

Thelittleman

（3）

oddswithsocietyneverfailstoamusenomatterwhichcountrywecomefrom.Asthatgreatcommentatoronhumanaffairs,Dr.SamuelJohnson,onceremarked,“Menhavebeenwiseinverydifferentmodes;buttheyhavealwayslaughed

（4）

thesameway.”

Asenseofhumormaytakevariousformsandlaughtermaybeanythingfromarefinedtingle

（5）

anearthquakingroar,buttheeffectisalwaysthesame.Humorhelpsustomaintainacorrectsenseofvalues.Itistheonequalitywhichpoliticalfanaticsappeartolack.Ifwecanseethefunnyside,wenevermakethemistakeoftakingourselvestooseriously.Wearealwaysremindedthattragedyisnotreallyfarremoved

（6）

comedy.Soweneverget&lopsidedviewofthings.

Thisisoneofthechieffunctionsofsatireandirony.Humanpainandsufferingaresogrim;wehoversooften

（7）

thebrinkofwar,politicalrealitiesareusuallyenoughtoplungeusintototaldespair.Insuchcircumstances,cartoonsandsatiricalaccountsofsomberpoliticaleventsredressthebalance.Theytakethewindoutofpompousandarrogantpoliticianswhohavelosttheirsense

（

8）

proportion.Theyenableustoseethatmanyofourmostprofoundactionsaremerelycomicorabsurd.WelaughwhenagreatsatiristlikeSwiftwritesaboutwarinGulliver’sTravels.TheLilliputiansandtheirneighborsattackeachotherbecausetheycan’tagreewhichendtobreakanegg.Welaughbecausewemeanttolaugh;butwearemeanttoweeptoo.Itistoopowerfulaweapontobeallowedtoflourish.

Thesenseofhumormustbesingled

（9）

asman’smostimportantqualitybecauseitisassociatedwithlaughter.Andlaughter,inturn,isassociatedwithhappiness.Courage,determination,initiative—thesearequalitiesweshare

（10）

otherformsoflife.Butthesenseofhumorisuniquelyhuman.Ifhappinessisoneofthegreatgoalsoflife,thenitisthesenseofhumorthatprovidesthekey.

Fillineachblankinthearticlewithanappropriatepreposition(介詞).

Readthearticlecarefullyandexplainthemeaningofthewordsaccordingtothecontext.

devoid(inparagraph1)

plague(inparagraph1)

stereotype(inparagraph1)

fanatic(inparagraph3)

satire(inparagraph4)

somber(inparagraph4)

redress(inparagraph4)

absurd(inparagraph4)

weep(inparagraph4)

initiative(inparagraph5)

【答案】1.考查介詞搭配。由文章第一句可知我們與動物的區(qū)別在于我們有笑的能力，因此后面要表達的是沒有幽默感，與前面相對應(yīng)。devoidof意為“缺乏，缺少”。

試題答案：of

2.考查介詞搭配。inturn意為“反過來”。

試題答案：in

3.考查介詞搭配。atoddswithsociety意為“與社會格格不入”。

試題答案：at

4.考查介詞搭配。inthesameway意為“同樣地”。

試題答案：in

5.考查介詞搭配。from...to意為“從……到……”。此句意為：幽默感有各種表現(xiàn)形式，笑可以是從微笑到狂笑，但它的效果是一樣的。

試題答案：to

6.考查介詞搭配。farremovedfrom意為“與……相差太遠”。此句意為：我們總是被提醒，悲劇并沒有真正遠離喜劇。

試題答案：from

7.考查介詞搭配。onthebrinkof意為“瀕于，瀕臨”。

試題答案：on

8.考查介詞搭配。senseof意為“……的感覺”

試題答案：of

9.考查介詞搭配。根據(jù)后面的“Butthesenseofhumorisuniquelyhuman（但幽默感是人類特有的）”可知此處表示幽默感最為人類最重要的一個品質(zhì)，應(yīng)該被單獨提出來。besignedout意為“被單獨提出來”。

試題答案：out

10.考查介詞搭配。sharewith意為“與……分享，共用”。此句意為：勇氣、決心、主動性—這些是我們與其他生命形式共同擁有的品質(zhì)。

試題答案：with

1.試題答案：缺乏的

2.試題答案：給……造成困擾，折磨

3.試題答案：模式，刻板印象

4.試題答案：極端分子，狂熱者

5.試題答案：諷刺

6.試題答案：低沉的，陰暗的

7.試題答案：補償

8.試題答案：荒謬的

9.試題答案：哭泣

10.試題答案：創(chuàng)造性，主動性

17.單選題

What’shotfor2007amongtheveryrich?A$7.3milliondiamondring.AtriptoTanzaniatohuntwildanimals.Oh,andincomeinequality.

Sure,someleftistbillionaireslikeGeorgeSoroshavebeenrailingagainstinequalityforyears.Butincreasingly,centristandright-wingbillionairesarestartingtoworryaboutincomeinequalityandthefateofthemiddleclass.

InDecember,MortimerZuckermanwroteacolumninU.S.New&WorldReport,whichheowns,“Ournation’scorebargainwiththemiddleclassisdisintegrating,”lamentedthe117th-richestmaninAmerica.“Mostofoureconomicgainshavegonetopeopleattheverytopoftheincomeladder.Averageincomeforahouse-holdofpeopleofworkingage,bycontrast,hasfallenfiveyearsinarow.”Henotedthat“TensofmillionsofAmericansliveinfearthatamajorhealthproblemcanreducethemtobankruptcy.”

WilburRossJr.hasechoedZuckerman’sangeroverthebitterstrugglesfacedbymiddle-classAmericans.“It’sanoutragethatanyAmerican’slifeexpectancyshouldbeshortenedsimplybecausethecompanytheyworkedforwentbankruptandendedhealth-carecoverage,”saidtheformerchairmanoftheInternationalSteelGroup.

What’shappening?TheveryricharejustastrendyasyouandI,andcanbesowhenitcomestopoliticsandpolicy.GiventherecentchangeofcontrolinCongress,thepopularityofmeasureslikeincreasingtheminimumwage,andeffortsbyCalifornian’sgovernortoofferuniversalhealthcare,theseguysdon’tneedtheirownpersonalweathermentoknowwhichwaythewindblows.It’spossiblethatplutocratsareexpressingsolidaritywiththestrugglingmiddleclassaspartofanefforttoinsulatethemselvesfromconfiscatorytaxpolicies.Buttheprospectthatincomeinequalitywillleadtohighertaxesonthewealthydoesn’tkeepplutocratsupatnight.Theycanlivewiththat.

No,whattheyfearwasthatthepoliticalchallengesofsustainingsupportforglobaleconomicintegrationwillbemoredifficultintheUnitedStatesbecauseofwhathashappenedtothedistributionofincomeandeconomicinsecurity.

Inotherwords,ifmiddle-classAmericanscontinuetostrugglefranticallyastheultrawealthygroweverwealthier,itwillbeincreasinglydifficulttomaintainpoliticalsupportforthefreeflowofgoods,services,andcapitalacrossborders.AndwhentheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods,it’slikelytoencouragereciprocalactionabroad.Forpeoplewhobuyandsellcompanies,orwhoallocatecapitaltomarketsallaroundtheworld,that’stherealnightmare.

61.WhatisthecurrenttopicofcommoninterestamongtheveryrichinAmerica?

62.WhatdowelearnfromMortimerZuckerman’slamentation?

63.Fromthefifthparagraphwecanlearnthat______.

64.Whatistherealreasonforplutocratstoexpresssolidaritywiththemiddleclass?

65.WhatmayhappeniftheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods?

問題1選項

A.Thefateoftheultra-wealthypeople.

B.Thedisintegrationofthemiddleclass.

C.Theinequalityinthedistributionofwealth.

D.Theconflictbetweentheleftandtherightwing.

問題2選項

A.Manymiddle-incomefamilieshavefailedtomakeabargainforbetterwelfare.

B.TheAmericaneconomicsystemhascausedmanycompaniestogobankrupt.

C.TheAmericannationisbecomingmoreandmoredivideddespiteitswealth.

D.ThemajorityofAmericansbenefitlittlefromthenation’sgrowingwealth.

問題3選項

A.theveryricharefashion-conscious

B.theveryricharepoliticallysensitive

C.universalhealthcareistobeimplementedthroughoutAmerica

D.Congresshasgainedpopularitybyincreasingtheminimumwage

問題4選項

A.Theywanttoprotectthemselvesfromconfiscatorytaxation.

B.Theyknowthatthemiddleclasscontributemosttosociety.

C.Theywanttogainsupportforglobaleconomicintegration.

D.Theyfeelincreasinglythreatenedbyeconomicinsecurity.

問題5選項

A.Thepricesofimportedgoodswillinevitablysoarbeyondcontrol.

B.Theinvestorswillhavetomakegreateffortstore-allocatecapital.

C.Thewealthywillattempttobuyforeigncompaniesacrossborders.

D.Foreigncountrieswillplacethesameeconomicbarriersinreturn.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】61.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“當(dāng)前美國富人共同感興趣的話題是什么？”。第二段提到Butincreasingly,centristandright-wi