考研考博-英語-文山學院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-文山學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Itisapopular______thatmoneyalwaysbringshappiness.

問題1選項

A.fallacy

B.creed

C.moral

D.allegory

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項fallacy“謬論，謬誤”，B項creed“信條，教義”，C項moral“道德，寓意”，D項allegory“寓言”。根據句子可知空格處要填入一個名詞作表語，且后面的that引導同位語對空格處補充說明；根據that從句的意思“金錢總能帶來幸福”可知，空格部分填入fallacy符合語境。句意：認為金錢總能帶來幸福是一種流行的謬論。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

2.單選題

ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspapershasbroughtincreased（

）awiderrangeofpublicationsandanexpansionofnewspaperjobs.

問題1選項

A.circulation

B.reproduction

C.manipulation

D.penetration

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。circulation“發(fā)行，發(fā)行量”；reproduction“復制，復制品；繁殖”；manipulation“操作，操縱”；penetration“刺穿，進入”。句意：在美國報業(yè)中的新科技改革帶來了發(fā)行量的增長，出版數量也增加，報業(yè)的工作機會增多。選項A符合題意。

3.單選題

SecretaryOfStateKerrysaidthatit’simportantforpeopleintheworldnotto（）allegedterroristsbuttounderscoretheimportanceoftheruleoflaw.

問題1選項

A.sympathizewith

B.getalongwith

C.referto

D.respondto

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。A選項sympathizewith表示“同情，與……產生共鳴”；B選項getalongwith表示“與……和睦相處，取得進展”；C選項referto表示“參考，涉及，指的是”；D選項respondto表示“響應”。由句意可知，國務卿克里表示，對世界人民來講，重要的不是同情所謂的恐怖分子，而是要強調法治的重要性。因此，A選項的詞義更符合句意，故本題正確答案為A選項。

4.單選題

（）wehadnotmadeanymistakesin

thecalculations!

問題1選項

A.Butfor

B.Ifonly

C.Let

D.Without

【答案】B

【解析】句意：要是我們的計算沒有出錯就好了！

Ifonly此處指要是……就好了,表達愿望。butfor指要不是。

5.單選題

Weneedsomeonewhohasan________viewasthenation’schieflawenforcementofficer.

問題1選項

A.imaginative

B.impartial

C.inquisitive

D.instinctive

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.imaginative富于想象力的，創(chuàng)新的B.impartial公平的，公正的

C.inquisitive好奇的，愛打聽的D.instinctive本能的，直覺的

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處做定語修飾下文的“view（觀點）”，表示我們需要一個有著什么樣觀點態(tài)度的人。由“asthenation’schieflawenforcementofficer（擔任國家首席執(zhí)法官）”可知，空格處應該說的是首席執(zhí)法官的特點，既然是執(zhí)法官，就需要是公平、公正的。impartial指平等對待所有人和群體，沒有偏見，因此B選項“公平的，公正的”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項imaginative“富于想象力的，創(chuàng)新的”指擁有新想法和有趣想法的能力；

C選項inquisitive“好奇的，愛打聽的”指喜歡問問題，有想知道更多的欲望；

D選項instinctive“本能的，直覺的”指與本能有關的或基于本能的，而不是基于思考或訓練的；

均不能和“l(fā)awenforcementofficer（執(zhí)法官）”相對應。

【句意】我們需要一個有公正態(tài)度的人來擔任國家首席執(zhí)法官。

6.單選題

Thecourtconsidersafinancial______tobeanappropriatewayofpunishinghim.

問題1選項

A.option

B.obsession

C.obligation

D.penalty

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項option“選擇”；B選項obsession“癡迷，著魔，困擾”；C選項obligation“義務，責任”；D選項penalty“懲罰”。根據punishinghim可知D選項符合語義。句意：法院認為經濟處罰是懲罰他的適當方式。

7.單選題

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

問題1選項

A.paradox

B.dilemma

C.junction

D.premise

【答案】B

【解析】句意：父母們經常面對這樣的（）：是選擇做他們認為對孩子發(fā)展好的事情，還是選擇對孩子吵鬧和破壞放任自由。A選項paradox自相矛盾；B選項dilemma進退兩難；C選項junction連接，接合；會合點；D選項premise前提；假定，B選項dilemma符合句意。

8.單選題

Intoday’sfreneticworkplace,wheredistractionsareconstantandcompetitionisoftenfierce,stresshasneverbeenhigher.Frompanicattacksandanxietytopoorsleep,acidreflux,highbloodpressureandstrokes,stressiscausingourbodiestomentallyandphysicallyshutdown,accordingtoDr.TaraSwart,neuroscientistandco-authorof“NeuroscienceforLeadership”.

Insteadoftellinguswhatweshouldn’tbedoing,Swarthasnotedafewtelltalesignsweneedtowatchoutfor,signsthatwe’relettingstressgettous.Someofthephysicalsignsincludefatigue,muscularachesandpains,andfluandcoldsthatarelingeringlonger—asignthatstressisstartingtoerodeyourimmunesystem,shesaid.（1）Otherphysicalsymptomsincludeproblemsrelatedtothegutandlimbicsystemofthebrain—thingslikeheartburn,refluxandirritablebowelsyndromecanbesignsofstressaswell.Sometimes,stresscansendusspiralingintosurvivalmode,asSwartcallsit.

（2）

Beingirritableandmoodyarealsosignsthatstressisgettingtous.

（3）

Aerobicexercisehelps,saysSwart,asitreleasesendorphins(內啡肽)andreducesourcortisol(皮質醇)levels.Butother,lessphysicallydemandingstepsneedtobealsotaken：talkingtofriendorpsychologist,gettingadequatesleep,stayingwell-hydratedandpracticingsometypeofmindfulnesswillallhelpreduceourstress,shesaid.

（4）

FromOprahWinfreytoRupertMurdochandAriannaHuffingtontoRussellSimmons,itseemsthesehigh-achievingindividualsknowathingortwoabouthowtocopewithstress.MichaelChaskalson,founderandCEOofMindfulnessWorksandauthorofMindfulnessin8Weeks'1,coachesseniorpeopleinmindfulnessskillstobettermanagepressuresofwork.Indoingso,heclaimshisclientsbecomemoreemotionallyalert,moreempathicandtheyhavehigherlevelsofconcentrationandcreativity.

（5）

Withtherightapproach,walking,evenrunning(inamindfulway),staringoutthewindow,justtakingabreak,willhelpleadersnotonlyperformbetter,butthere’sevidencethatitwillimproveanorganization’soverallhealthandeffectiveness.

問題1選項

A.Alotofmentalandemotionalissuesactuallymanifestwithphysicalsymptoms,shesaid.

B.Wecravehigh-sugarfoodsandcaffeine,thinkingitwillmakeusfeelbetterbutactually“itmakesusmoreanxious”.

C.Itdoesn’thavetobeyogaormeditation,Chaskalsonsays.

D.Manywell-knownleadersandCEOshavepraisedmeditationandmindfulnessaspartoftheirongoingsuccess.

E.Howtocombatallthis?

F.Stressmakesmusclesache,warnsSwart,sowatchoutfor“thatfeelingwhenyou’vebeenrunning”wherethelacticacidbuildsup.

問題2選項

A.Alotofmentalandemotionalissuesactuallymanifestwithphysicalsymptoms,shesaid.

B.Wecravehigh-sugarfoodsandcaffeine,thinkingitwillmakeusfeelbetterbutactually“itmakesusmoreanxious”.

C.Itdoesn’thavetobeyogaormeditation,Chaskalsonsays.

D.Manywell-knownleadersandCEOshavepraisedmeditationandmindfulnessaspartoftheirongoingsuccess.

E.Howtocombatallthis?

F.Stressmakesmusclesache,warnsSwart,sowatchoutfor“thatfeelingwhenyou’vebeenrunning”wherethelacticacidbuildsup.

問題3選項

A.Alotofmentalandemotionalissuesactuallymanifestwithphysicalsymptoms,shesaid.

B.Wecravehigh-sugarfoodsandcaffeine,thinkingitwillmakeusfeelbetterbutactually“itmakesusmoreanxious”.

C.Itdoesn’thavetobeyogaormeditation,Chaskalsonsays.

D.Manywell-knownleadersandCEOshavepraisedmeditationandmindfulnessaspartoftheirongoingsuccess.

E.Howtocombatallthis?

F.Stressmakesmusclesache,warnsSwart,sowatchoutfor“thatfeelingwhenyou’vebeenrunning”wherethelacticacidbuildsup.

問題4選項

A.Alotofmentalandemotionalissuesactuallymanifestwithphysicalsymptoms,shesaid.

B.Wecravehigh-sugarfoodsandcaffeine,thinkingitwillmakeusfeelbetterbutactually“itmakesusmoreanxious”.

C.Itdoesn’thavetobeyogaormeditation,Chaskalsonsays.

D.Manywell-knownleadersandCEOshavepraisedmeditationandmindfulnessaspartoftheirongoingsuccess.

E.Howtocombatallthis?

F.Stressmakesmusclesache,warnsSwart,sowatchoutfor“thatfeelingwhenyou’vebeenrunning”wherethelacticacidbuildsup.

問題5選項

A.Alotofmentalandemotionalissuesactuallymanifestwithphysicalsymptoms,shesaid.

B.Wecravehigh-sugarfoodsandcaffeine,thinkingitwillmakeusfeelbetterbutactually“itmakesusmoreanxious”.

C.Itdoesn’thavetobeyogaormeditation,Chaskalsonsays.

D.Manywell-knownleadersandCEOshavepraisedmeditationandmindfulnessaspartoftheirongoingsuccess.

E.Howtocombatallthis?

F.Stressmakesmusclesache,warnsSwart,sowatchoutfor“thatfeelingwhenyou’vebeenrunning”wherethelacticacidbuildsup.

【答案】第1題:F

第2題:B

第3題:E

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.聯系上下文。本題空格后的“otherphysicalsymptoms”提示之前要填的內容也是某種生理癥狀，即可得出本題答案。

2.本空所在的段落主要大意為：壓力大時人體出現的癥狀或反應。另外，空格后是關于情緒反應方面的內容，所以應填入的內容肯定與其相關，從而得出本題答案。

3.本題所在的段落主要內容：應對壓力的方法?？崭裉帪楸径沃黝}句。選項E與本段意思相符，從而得出本題答案。

4.空處后面一句列舉了名流名人的例子來說明名人減壓的方法。從而得出本題答案。

5.空白處下文中用到了“even”一詞，意在說明簡單易行的運動照樣可以減壓，沒有必要采取一些高大上的方法。從而得出本題答案。

9.單選題

（

）John,Ibegantotrustmyfeelingsandbegantobelieveinmyability.

問題1選項

A.Dueto

B.Obligedto

C.Byvirtueof

D.Thanksto

【答案】D

【解析】句意:由于約翰，我開始相信自己的感覺和能力。

短語辨析。Dueto因為,由于;Obligedto不得不(做),后面不接原因狀語;Byvirtueof由于,憑借;Thanksto幸虧,由于,可以引導原因狀語。故選D。

10.單選題

Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery______ofhismoney.

問題1選項

A.economic

B.thrifty

C.frugal

D.careful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項economic“經濟的，有關經濟的”；B選項thrifty“節(jié)儉的”，常用于bethriftywithsth.；C選項frugal“節(jié)省的，節(jié)儉的”，可用于befrugalwith/ofsth.；D選項careful“小心地，仔細地”，becarefulwith/ofsth.表示“當心，注意”。根據Althoughhehasbecomerich與of可知選C。句意：雖然他變得富有了，但他仍然很節(jié)儉。

11.單選題

Inhimoneseesameetingpoint,a（）ofconflicts,thusatruehistoricalpersonality.

問題1選項

A.representation

B.representative

C.symbol

D.sign

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項representation“表現（以特殊方式呈現某人或某事物的行為；展示或描述……的事物）”；B選項representative“代表，典型（代表某一特定群體的人）”；C選項symbol“象征，標志（代表一般性質或情況的人、物、事件等，是意識形態(tài)等非物質東西的象征）”；D選項sign“符合，記號（表示某事物存在、正在發(fā)生或將來可能發(fā)生的事件、動作、事實等）”。根據題干內容，ameetingpoint“匯點”，可以推測他作為典型的代表人物，代表某一特定群體的人，因此答案為B選項，句意：在他身上，有一個交匯點，一個斗爭的典型……，因而他是一個真正的歷史人物。因此B選項正確。

12.單選題

Myadviceisthatyou’llhavetoovercomeyour___ifyouwanttobecomeanurse.

問題1選項

A.humanitarianism

B.loftiness

C.squeamishness

D.compassion

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“humanitarianism”，意為“人道主義”；B選項“l(fā)oftiness”，意為“高尚，驕傲”；C選項“squeamishness”意為“易惡心的，神經質”；D選項“compassion”，意為“同情，憐憫”。句意：如果你想成為一名護士，我的建議是你必須克服你的易惡心，因此，C選項符合句意。

13.單選題

Tostudythedistributionofdiseasewithinanarea,itisusefultoplotthecasesonthemap.

問題1選項

A.mark

B.allocate

C.erase

D.pose

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項mark“標記”；B選項allocate“分配”；C選項erase“擦除”；D選項pose“擺姿勢”。句意：為了研究某一地區(qū)內疾病的分布情況，在地圖上標出病例是有用的。劃線部分plot是標繪的意思。因此A選項正確。

14.單選題

Iboughtanalarmclockwitha(n)（

）dialwhichcanbeseenclearlyinthedark.

問題1選項

A.supersonic

B.luminous

C.audible

D.amplified

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。supersonic“超音速的，超聲波的”；luminous“發(fā)光的，明亮的”；audible“聽得見的”；amplified“放大的，擴充的”。句意：我買了一個帶發(fā)光鐘面的鬧鐘，在黑夜里也可以看得很清楚。選項B符合題意。

15.翻譯題

“Bah!Humbug”,wasScrooge’sopinionofcharitablegivingandeventodaysomeeconomistsreckoncharitygoesagainsteconomicrationality.36.Itisoftenallegedthataltruismisinconsistentwitheconomicrationality,whichassumesthatpeoplebehaveselfishly.Certainly,mucheconomicanalysisisconcernedwithhowindividualsbehave,andhomoeconomicus(economicman)isusuallyassumedtoactinhisorherself-interest.

37.Someeconomicmodelsassumethatself-interestedindividualsbehavealtruisticallybecausetheygetsomebenefit,orutility,fromdoingso.Forinstance,itmaymakethemfeelbetteraboutthemselves,orbeausefulinsurancepolicyagainstsocialunrest.Othereconomicmodelsrelaxthetraditionalassumptionoffullyrationalbehaviorbysimplyassumingthatpeoplesometimesbehavealtruistically,evenifthismaybeagainsttheirself-interest.ThePeaceCorpsisanexample,forpeopleoftengiveuppotentiallylucrativestartstotheircareersorinterruptthemtodogoodworkoverseas.PeoplewhoworkforthePeaceCorpsdosobecausetheywanttoandtokeepthePeaceCorpsdynamicwithfreshideas.38.Sociologistswouldarguethatthereisanaturalinclinationofhumanbeingstoengagethemselvesinhelpingothers,asanaturalinstincttopreservethespecies.Thuspublicdutyisasurvivalact.

Thequestionthenisraisedregardingpoliticalparticipation,whetheritcanbeclassifiedasanactofeconomicrationalityorofaltruism.39.Publicdutymaynotnecessarilymeanduty,althoughitmayincludethatconstantandactivepracticalparticipationinthedetailsofpoliticswithoutwhich,uponthepartofthemostintelligentcitizens,theconductofpublicaffairsfallsunderthecontrolofselfishandignorantorcraftyandvenalmen.Politicsoftenrequiresserviceincommittees,careandtroubleandexpenseofmanykinds,patientenduranceofrebuffs,chagrins,ridicules,disappointments,anddefeats.40.Allthesedutiesandservices,whenselfishlyandmeanlyperformed,stigmatizeamanasamerepolitician,butwhenperformedwithhonestyandvigilance,theybecomegradualbuildingblocks,stonebystoneandlayerbylayer,ofanationofself-restrainedliberty.

【答案】36.經濟學家聲稱，利他主義與經濟理性背道而馳，因為后者假定人們行為自私。

37.一些經濟模型假設，利己主義者之所以表現出利他行為，是因為他們從中獲得了一些利益或效用。例如，讓他們自我感覺更好，或者有效防止社會動蕩。

38.社會學家認為人類有一種幫助別人的自然傾向，這是保護同類的自然本能。因此，公共義務是一種生存行為。

39.雖然公共義務有時包括持續(xù)和積極參與政治事務，但是公共義務不一定意味著義務。

40.如果帶著私心和惡意履行責任和提供服務，那就玷污了這份職業(yè)，徒留政客的名聲。但是如果帶著真誠與嚴謹，這些行為就會一點一滴、層層遞進地建構自我約束下的自由國家。

16.翻譯題

我的導師是亞裔美國人，嗜煙好酒，脾氣暴躁。但他十分欣賞亞裔學生勤奮與扎實的基礎知識，也特別了解亞裔學生的心理。因此，在他實驗室所招的學生中，除有一名來自德國外，其余5位均是亞裔學生。他干脆在實驗室的門上貼一醒目招牌：“本室助研必須每周工作7天，早10時至晚12時，工作時間內必須全力以赴?！边@位導師的嚴格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所待的3年半中，共有14位學生被招進他的實驗室，最后博士畢業(yè)的只有5人。

【答案】MysupervisorisofAsianorigin.Heisaddictedtoalcoholsandcigarettes,withairritabletemper.Nevertheless,hehighlyappreciatestheindustryandthesolidfoundationalknowledgeofAsianstudentsandhasaparticularlykeeninsightintowhatAsianstudentshaveontheirmind.Hence,ofallthestudentsrecruitedintohislaboratory,exceptforoneGerman,theotherfivewereallfromAsia.Heevenputaneye-catchingnoticeonthedoorofhislab,whichread,“Alltheresearchassistantsofthislaboratoryarerequiredtowork7daysaweek,from10:00a.m.to12:00p.m..Nothingbutworkduringtheworkinghours.”Thissupervisorisreputedontheentirecampusforhisseverityandharshness.Duringthe3andahalfyearsthatIstayedthere,atotalof14studentswererecruitedintohislaboratoryandonly5ofthemstayeduntiltheygraduatedwiththeirPh.D.degrees.

17.單選題

Thepoliticaldissidentsdecidedtotake（）abroad.

問題1選項

A.escape

B.refuge

C.life

D.hiding

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。escape逃脫；refuge避難；life生活；hiding躲藏，隱匿。句意：持不同政見者決定去國外。takerefuge為固定搭配，意為“避難，（以掩飾等手段）逃脫困境”，因此正確答案是B選項。

18.單選題

Themanager（）factsandfigurestomakeitseemthatthecompanywasprosperous.

問題1選項

A.beguiled

B.besmirched

C.juxtaposed

D.juggled

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。beguile“欺騙”；besmirch“弄臟，誹謗”；juxtapose“并置，并列”；juggle“歪曲，篡改”。句意：經理歪曲事實，并且篡改數據，使得公司看起來一片繁榮。選項D符合題意。

19.單選題

Whyshouldanyonebuythelatestvolumeintheever-expandingDictionaryofNationalBiography?Idonotmeanthatitisbad,asthereviewerswillagree.Butitwillcostyou65pounds.Andhaveyougottherestofvolumes?Youneedthebasic22plusthelargelydecennialsupplementstobringthetotalto31.Ofcourse,itwillbeanswered,publicandacademiclibrarieswillwantthenewvolume.Afterall,itadds1,068livesofpeoplewhoescapedthenetoftheoriginalcompilers.Yetin10years’timearevisedversionofthewholecaboodle,calledtheNewDictionaryofNationalBiography,willbepublished.Itseditor,ProfessorColinMatthew,tellsmethathewillhaveroomforabout50,000lives,some13,000morethaninthecurrentDNB.Thisratherputsthe1,068inMissingPersonsintheshade.

WhenDr.NichollswrotetotheSpectatorin1989askingfornamesofpeoplewhomreadershadlookedupintheDNBandhadbeendisappointednottofind,shesaysthatshereceivedsome100,000suggestions.(Well,shehadwrittento“otherqualitynewspapers”too.)Assoonashercommitteehadwhittledthenumbersdown,theprofessionalproblemsofaneditorbegan.Contributorsdidn’tfilecopyontime;somewhodidsenttoomany:50,000wordsinsteadof500isarecord,accordingtoDr.Nicholls.

Thereremainsthedinner-partygameofwho’sin,who’sout.Thatisagamethatthereviewershaveplayedandwillcontinuetoplay.Criminalsweremyinitialworry.Afterall,theoriginaleditionoftheDNBboasted.Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinteresthavereceivedhardlylessattentionthanbenefactors.Mr.JohnGrossclearlyhadsimilaranxieties,forhecomplainsthat,whilethemurdererChristieisin,Crippenisout.OnemightsayinreplythattheinjusticeofthehangingofEvansinsteadofChristie(entryinMissingPersons)notes.ButthenCrippenwasreputedasthefirstmurderertobecaughtbytelegraphy(hehadtriedtoescapebyshiptoAmerica).

ItissurprisingtofindMaxMillerexcludedwhenreallynotverymemorablenamesgetin.Therehasbeenaconsciousefforttoputinartistsandarchitectsfromthemiddleages.Abouttheirlivesnotmuchisalwaysknown.

OfHugoofBuryStEdmunds,a12th-centuryilluminatorwhosedatesofbirthanddeatharenotrecorded,hisbiographercomments:“WhetherornotHugowasawall-painter,therecordsofhisactivitiesascarverandmanuscriptpainterattesttohisversatility(多才多藝).”Thentherehadtobemorewomen,too(12percent,againsttheoriginalDBNs3),suchasRoyStrong’ssubject,theTudorpainterLevinaTeerlinc,ofwhomheremarks:“Hermostcharacteristicfeatureisaheadattachedtoatoosmall,spindlybody.Hertechniqueremainedawkward,thinandoftencursory.”Doesn’tseemtoqualifyherasamemorableartist.YetitmaybebetterthantherecordoftheoriginalDNB,whichincludedlivesofpeoplewhoneverexisted(suchasMerlin).

1.Thewritersuggeststhatthereisnosenseinbuyingthelatestvolume_______

2.OntheissueofwhoshouldbeincludedintheDNB,thewriterseemstosuggestthat_______

3.CrippenwasabsentfromtheDNB_______.

4.Theauthorquotedafewentireinthelastparagraphto______.

5.Throughoutthepassage,thewriter’stonetowardstheDNBwas______.

問題1選項

A.becauseitisnotworththeprice.

B.becauseithasfewerentriesthanbefore.

C.unlessonehasallthevolumesinhiscollection.

D.unlessanexpandedDNBwillcomeoutshortly.

問題2選項

A.theeditorshadclearrulestofollow.

B.thereweretoomanycriminalsintheentries.

C.theeditorsclearlyfavoredbenefactors.

D.theeditorswereirrationalintheirchoices.

問題3選項

A.becauseheescapedtotheU.S.

B.becausedeathsentencehadbeenabolished

C.forreasonsnotclarified

D.becauseoftheeditors’mistake

問題4選項

A.illustratesomefeaturesoftheDNB

B.giveemphasistohisargument

C.impressthereaderwithitscontent

D.highlightthepeopleintheMiddleAges

問題5選項

A.complimentary

B.supportive

C.sarcastic

D.bitter

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干可定位到文章第一段開頭“Whyshouldanyonebuythelatestvolumeintheever-expandingDictionaryofNationalBiography?Idonotmeanthatitisbad,asthereviewerswillagree.Butitwillcostyou65pounds.Andhaveyougottherestofvolumes?Youneedthebasic22plusthelargelydecennialsupplementstobringthetotalto31.（人們?yōu)槭裁匆徺I不斷增補的《全國名人傳記辭典》的最新一卷？我并不是像那些評論家一樣認為這本辭典不好。但是，它的價格高達65英鎊，而且，你買了其他卷冊了嗎？你需要22卷基礎冊，加上每兩年出版的增訂卷，要買齊整套書就要買31冊。）”，由此可知這本辭典每兩年都要出增補卷，除非你全部都買了，否則購買最新一卷就沒有意義，所以C選項“除非你收藏了所有的書”正確。A選項“因為它不值這個價”也是原因之一，卻不是主要原因；B選項“相比之前的版本，它收錄的詞條更少”與原文意思不符；D選項“除非增訂版名人傳記縮短出版時間”在文章中沒有提及。因此C選項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干可定位到文章第三段“Thereremainsthedinner-partygameofwho’sin,who’sout.Thatisagamethatthereviewershaveplayedandwillcontinuetoplay.（關于錄取誰的問題，這是讀者提出的問題，并且他們還將提出這樣的問題。）”；“Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinterest...Crippenisout.（罪犯的入選讓人擔心……但是Crippen卻沒有當作值得一提的人物收錄其中）”；和第四段“ItissurprisingtofindMaxMillerexcludedwhenreallynotverymemorablenamesgetin.Therehasbeenaconsciousefforttoputinartistsandarchitectsfromthemiddleages.Abouttheirlivesnotmuchisalwaysknown.（令人驚訝的是，麥克斯?米勒被排除在名單之外，而這些名字實在不太容易記住。從中世紀開始，很多生平不詳的藝術家和建筑師就有意識被收錄其中。）”，由此可知D選項“編輯在選錄人選上沒有合理的依據”正確。A選項“編輯們有明確的規(guī)則要遵守”文章沒有提到；B選項“條目中有太多的罪犯”說法錯誤，雖然文中有提到條目中有收錄罪犯，但那只是作者為了闡述編輯們選錄人選沒有依據的一個例子，所以B選項錯誤；C選項“編輯們顯然偏愛捐助者”可定位到文章第三段“Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinteresthavereceivedhardlylessattentionthanbenefactors.（罪犯的入選讓人擔心，他們受到的關注不亞于捐助者。）”，此處是為了強調人們對罪犯入選的關注不亞于捐助者，并不是強調編輯們偏愛捐助者，C選項不符合題意，因此D選項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干可定位到文章第三段“Mr.JohnGrossclearlyhadsimilaranxieties,forhecomplainsthat,whilethemurdererChristieisin,Crippenisout.OnemightsayinreplythattheinjusticeofthehangingofEvansinsteadofChristie(entryinMissingPersons)notes.ButthenCrippenwasreputedasthefirstmurderertobecaughtbytelegraphy(hehadtriedtoescapebyshiptoAmerica).（約翰?格羅斯顯然也有類似的焦慮，因為他抱怨說，雖然兇手Christie上榜，但Crippen出局了。有人可能會回答說，絞死Evans而不是在失蹤人口的條目上的Christie是不公正的。但后來克里朋被認為是第一個被電報抓獲的殺人犯，他曾試圖乘船逃往美國。）”。作者舉出Crippen的例子，正是為了說明Crippen應該被收錄進名人傳記，結果卻沒有，作者自己也沒有找出原因，因此C選項“原因不明”正確。A選項“因為他逃到了美國”說法錯誤，根據第三段最后一句話可知他只是試圖逃到美國，并沒有成功；B選項“因為死刑已被廢除”和D選項“因為編輯的錯誤”文章均未提到，因此C選項正確。

4.判斷推理題。作者在最后一段提到了辭典中包括的幾個生平不詳，而且是他認為被莫名其妙地收錄辭典的人，用以說明他在第四段提到的觀點，即編輯在收錄人選時沒有合理的依據。所以B選項“強調他的觀點”正確。A選項“舉例說明DNB的一些特征”不符合段意；C選項“打動讀者的內容”和D選項“強調中世紀的人”都與文章意思不符，因此B選項正確。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。結合文章，可知作者全文都在批評名人傳記一書，如第一段作者說道“除非你全部都買了，否則購買最新一卷就沒有意義”，由此表示他覺得沒有必要購買此書；又如后面作者提到該辭典的編輯在收錄人選時沒有合理的依據等等，都在表示作者對該書充滿諷刺與批評。A選項“稱贊的”；B選項“支持的”；C選項“諷刺的”；D選項“充滿仇恨的”。由此可知C選項更符合題意。

20.單選題

Glass（

）provideausefulfunctioninsectioningoffandenclosinganareawhenthedesiredeffectistomaintainvisualtransparency.

問題1選項

A.separations

B.segregations

C.partitions

D.isolations

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。separation意為“分離，分開”；segregation意為“隔離”；partition意為“劃分”；isolation意為“隔離”。

句意：玻璃分割提供一個有用的功能，在切斷和包圍某一區(qū)域時，所預期的效果是保持視覺的透明度。

21.單選題

Theoldhouseattheendofthestreethasrecentlybeen______.

問題1選項

A.pulled

B.demolished

C.erased

D.leveled

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項pull“拉，拔，拖”，B項demolish“拆除，破壞，毀壞”，C項erase“抹去，擦除”，D項level“瞄準，拉平，變得平坦”。由oldhouse“舊房子”可知，“拆除”符合語境。句意：這條街盡頭的那幢舊房子最近已被拆除了。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

22.單選題

Apersonwithhishead-in-the-cloudsisadreamer;（

）mindisnotintherealworld.

問題1選項

A.which

B.that

C.whose

D.ofwhom

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句的用法。前后各有謂語動詞部分，因此空格處需要填入關聯詞。后半句空格后是名詞mind，是主語的一部分，因此只能填入C選項whose修飾，后半句是由whose引導的非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞dreamer，整句句意：想入非非的人是夢想家，他的意識并不存在于現實世界中。

23.單選題

Hesaidthathehadno___ofthe1978interviewandthathehadneverseenitinprint.

問題1選項

A.recollection

B.memory

C.reminder

D.recognition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項recollection“回憶；回憶起的事物”；B選項memory“記憶，記憶力；內存，[計]存儲器；回憶”；C選項reminder“暗示；提醒的人/物；催單”；D選項recognition“識別；承認；認出；重視；贊譽；公認”。句意：他說，他不___1978年的那次采訪，也從未在報紙上看到過。本句表達“不記得那次采訪”，因B此選項正確。

24.單選題

Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyths.Atthetopofthelististhenotionthatintelligenceismeasuredbyyourabilitytosolvecomplexproblems;toread,writeandcomputeatcertainlevels,andtoresolveabstractequationsquickly.Thisvisionofintelligenceassertsformaleducationandbookishexcellenceasthetruemeasuresself-fulfillment.Itencouragesakindofintellectualprejudicethathasbroughtwithitsomediscouragingresults.Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldisciplineis"intelligent".Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates.Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayandeachpresentmomentofeveryday.

Ifyouarehappyifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareintelligentperson.Problemsolvingisausefulhelptoyourhappiness,butifyouknowthatgivenyourinabilitytoresolveaparticularconcernyoucanstillchoosehappinessforyourself,orataminimumrefusetochooseunhappiness,thenyouareintelligent,yourareintelligentbecauseyouhavetheultimateweaponagainstthebigN.B.DNervousBreakDown.

“Intelligent"peopledonothaveN.B.D'sbecausetheyareinchargeofthemselves.Theyknowhowtochoosehappinessoverdepressionbecausetheyknowhowtodealwiththeproblemsoftheirlives.

Youcanbegintothinkofyourselfastrulyintelligentonthebasisofhowyouchoosetofeelinthefaceoftryingcircumstances.Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus

EveryonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsinanysocialcontexthassimilardifficultiesDisagreements,conflictandcompromisesareapartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Similarly,money,growingold,sickness,deaths,naturaldisastersandaccidentsarealleventswhichpresentproblemstovirtuallyallhumanbeing.Butsomepeopleareabletomakeit,toavoidimmobilizingdepressionandunhappinessdespitesuchoccurrences,whileotherscollapseorhaveanN.B.D.Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon'tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumansweknow;also,themostrare.

1.Accordingtotheauthortheconventionalnotionofintelligencemeasuredintermsofone'sabilitytoread,writeandcompute（）.

2.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatholdingauniversitydegree（）.

3.Theauthorthinksthatanintelligentpersonknows（）.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthortellsusthat（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatkindofpeoplearerare?

問題1選項

A.isawidelyheldbutwrong

B.willhelpeliminateintellectualprejudice

C.therootofallmentaldistress

D.willcontributetoone'sselffulfillment

問題2選項

A.mayresultinone'sinabilitytosolvecomplexreal-lifeproblem:

B.doesnotindicateone'sabilitytowriteproperlywordeddocuments

C.maymakeonementallysickandphysicallyweak

D.doesnotmeanthatoneishighlyintelligent

問題3選項

A.howtoputupwithsomeveryprevalentmyths

B.howtofindthebestwaytoachievesuccessinlife

C.howtoavoiddepressionandmakehislifeworthwhile

D.howtopersuadeotherstocompromise

問題4選項

A.difficultiesarebutpartofeveryoneslife

B.depressionandunhappinessareunavoidableinlife

C.everybodyshouldlearntoavoidtryingcircumstances

D.goodfeelingscancontributetoeventualacademicexcellence

問題5選項

A.Thosewhodon'temphasizebookishexcellenceintheirpursuitofhappiness

B.Thosewhoarenotawareofdifficultiesinlifebutknowhowtoavoidunhappiness

C.ThosewhomeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsbutseldomsufferfromN.B.D's.

D.Thosewhoareabletosecurehappinessthoughhavingtostruggleagainsttryingcircumstances

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段“Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyths”中文翻譯為“對自己負責包括平息一些非常流行的神話?！苯Y合語境，因此A為最佳選項。

2.細節(jié)推理題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldisciplineisintelligentYetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates..”中文翻譯為：我們開始相信，那些擁有更多教育價值徽章并且非常擅長某種形式的學校紀律的人是‘聰明的’。然而，精神病院里擠滿了那些擁有所有字母證書的病人。可以得知D選項符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayandeachpresentmomentofeveryday.”中文翻譯為更真實的智力指標是一種有效的、幸福的生活，活在每一天和當下的每一刻。以及“Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson.”，中文翻譯為：如果你快樂，每一分鐘都過得值得，那么你就是聰明的人。此外“Th