考研考博-英語-昆明醫(yī)科大學海源學院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-昆明醫(yī)科大學海源學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.不定項選擇題

Broccoli(西蘭花)ishighinvitaminsandmineralsExtractsofbroccoliandbananamayhelpinfightingstomachproblem,researchsuggests,Laboratorystudiesshowfibresfromthevegetablesmayboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainststomachinfections.

TrialsareunderwaytoseeiftheycouldbeusedasamedicalfoodforpatientswithCrohn’sdisease.Crohn’sdiseaseisaninflammatoryboweldiseasethatcausessymptomssuchasabdominal(腹部)pain.Itaffectsaboutonein1,000people,andisthoughttobecausedbyamixtureofenvironmentalandgeneticfactors.

Theconditioniscommonindevelopedcountrieswheredietsareoftenlowinfibreandhighinprocessedfood,ScientistsattheUniversityofLiverpoollookedathowroughagefromvegetablesinfluencedthepassageofharmfulbacteriathroughcellsinsidethegut.Theyfoundthatfibresfromtheplantain,atypeoflargebanana,andbroccoliwereparticularlybeneficial.Butacommonstabilizeraddedtoprocessedfoodsduringthemanufacturingprocesshadtheoppositeeffect.

Dr.BarryCampbell,fromtheUniversityofLiverpool,said:“Thisresearchshowsthatdifferentdietarycomponentscanhavepowerfuleffectsonthemovementofbacteriatroughthebowel.Wehaveknownforsometimethegeneralhealthbenefitsofeatingplantainandbroccoli,whicharebothhighinvitaminsandminerals,butuntilnowwehavenotunderstoodhowtheycanboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainstinfectioncommoninCrohn’spatients.Ourworksuggeststhatitmightbeimportantforpatientswiththisconditiontoeathealthilyandlimittheirintakeofprocessedfoods.”

TheresearchpublishedinthejournalGutandcarriedoutincollaborationwithexpertsinSwedenandScotland,investigatedspecialcells,calledM-cells,whichlinethegutandwardoffinvadingbacteria.Workwascarriedoutinlaboratory-growncellsandtissuesamplesfrompatientsundergoingsurgeryforstomachproblems.Clinicaltrialsarenowunderwayin76Crohn’spatientstofindoutwhetheramedicalfoodcontainingplantainfibrescouldhelpkeepthediseaseatbay.“ItmaybethatitmakessenseforsufferersofCrohn’stotakesupplementsofthesefibrestohelppervertdeterioration,”saidProfessorJonRhodesoftheUniversityofLiverpool.

Commentingonthestudy,aspokespersonforCrohn’sandColitis,whichrepresentspatientswithinflammatoryboweldisorders,welcomedfurtherinsightintohowthegutcombatsbacterialikeE.Coll.“KnowledgeoftheM-cellroleoffersamoredetailedexplanationastowhyahealthydietcanimprovethehealthandwellbeingforpeoplewithCrohn’sdiseaseandhealthyindividualsalike,”shesaid.

26.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

27.WhydopeopleindevelopedcountriessuffermostfromCrohn’sdisease?

28.AccordingtoDr.BarryCampbellwhatisstillNOTunderstoodabouteatingplantain?

29.WhatistheaimoftrialsonCrohn’ssufferers?

30.WhatdidexpertssayonthediscoveryofM-cells?

問題1選項

A.Fibresinbroccoliandplantainhelpreducestomachinfections.

B.Broccoliextractsdecreasenaturaldefenses.

C.Howprocessedfoodsdoharmtobodyhealth.

D.Howexpertscommentonbroccolinutrition.

問題2選項

A.Becausetheintakeofvegetablesislessthandailyrecommendation.

B.Becausetheprocessedfoodreducesthefibreneededindigestion.

C.Becausetheydonotlikefoodlowinfibre.

D.Becausetheyprefertoeathighcaloriesfood.

問題3選項

A.Howtoimprovebody’snaturaldefensesagainststomachinfection.

B.Howtolimitpeople’sintakeofprocessedfood.

C.Howtogainvitamins,mineralsandfibreforhealth.

D.Howtoreconfirmgeneralhealthbenefits.

問題4選項

A.Theaimistoencouragepeopletoeathighfibrefood.

B.Theaimistoproducehighfibresupplements.

C.Theaimistoprovetheeffectofplantainfibrefood.

D.Theaimistoimproverecipeofhighfibremedicine.

問題5選項

A.Itgivesfurtherinsightforstomachinfection.

B.IthelpsproveM-cellroletohealthydiet.

C.ItleadsinvestigationforCrohn’sdisease.

D.Itsupportstheinventionofhighfibremedialfood.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】26.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干：文章的主題思想是？文章開頭第一句話就表明了文章主旨Laboratorystudiesshowfibresfromthevegetablesmayboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainststomachinfections.（實驗室研究表明，蔬菜中的纖維可以增強人體對胃部感染的自然防御能力。），因此A選項“西蘭花和大蕉中的纖維有助于減少胃部感染”，符合題意；B選項“西蘭花提取物會降低自然防御能力”，和文章表達的意思相反，故排除；文章第三段提到發(fā)達國家的人患克羅恩氏病的概率高是因為日常飲食含纖維少，而加工食品含量高，但也沒有詳細說明加工食品如何損害身體健康，故C選項“加工食品如何損害身體健康”，屬于無中生有選項，排除；D選項“專家如何評價西蘭花的營養(yǎng)”，全文是在講蔬菜中的纖維，以及專家對其研究，D選項不夠全面，故排除。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項。

27.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干：為什么發(fā)達國家的人最容易患克羅恩??？由題干定位到文章第三段第一句話Theconditioniscommonindevelopedcountrieswheredietsareoftenlowinfibreandhighinprocessedfood.（這種情況在發(fā)達國家很常見，那里的飲食通常纖維含量低，加工食品含量高。），因此B選項“因為加工食品減少了消化所需的纖維”，符合題意；A選項“因為蔬菜的攝入量低于每日推薦量”，文章并沒有提及每日推薦的蔬菜攝入量是多少，屬于無中生有選項，故排除；C選項“因為他們不喜歡低纖維的食物”和D選項“因為他們喜歡吃高熱量的食物”，在文中均未提及，屬于無中生有選項。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項。

28.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干：據巴里?坎貝爾博士所說，關于吃大蕉我們還有什么不理解的呢？由題干定位到文章第四段第二句話Wehaveknownforsometimethegeneralhealthbenefitsofeatingplantainandbroccoli,whicharebothhighinvitaminsandminerals,butuntilnowwehavenotunderstoodhowtheycanboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainstinfectioncommoninCrohn’spatients.（我們早就知道吃大蕉和花椰菜對健康有好處，這兩種食物都富含維生素和礦物質，但直到現在我們還不知道它們是如何增強人體對克羅恩病患者常見感染的自然防御能力的。），因此A選項“如何提高身體對胃部感染的自然抵抗力”，符合題意；B選項“如何限制人們對加工食品的攝入量”，C選項“如何獲得對健康有益的維生素，礦物質和纖維”和D選項“如何再次確認一般健康福利的益處”，和吃大蕉并沒有直接聯(lián)系，故排除。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項。

29.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干：對克羅恩病患者進行試驗的目的是什么？由題干定位到文章第五段第三句話Clinicaltrialsarenowunderwayin76Crohn’spatientstofindoutwhetheramedicalfoodcontainingplantainfibrescouldhelpkeepthediseaseatbay.（目前正在76名克羅恩病患者身上進行臨床試驗，以確定含有大蕉纖維的醫(yī)療食品是否有助于預防克羅恩病。），因此C選項“目的是為了證明大蕉纖維食品的功效”，符合題意；A選項“目的是鼓勵人們吃高纖維食物”，B選項“目的是生產高纖維補品”和D選項“目的是改進高纖維藥物的配方”，均不符合題意。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項。

30.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干：專家們對M細胞的發(fā)現有什么看法?由題干定位到文章最后一段最后一句話KnowledgeoftheM-cellroleoffersamoredetailedexplanationastowhyahealthydietcanimprovethehealthandwellbeingforpeoplewithCrohn’sdiseaseandhealthyindividualsalike.（對M細胞角色的知識提供了更詳細的解釋，為什么健康飲食可以改善克羅恩病患者和健康人類的身體狀態(tài)和幸福。），因此B選項“它有助于證明M細胞對健康飲食的作用”，符合題意；A選項“它對胃感染有進一步的了解”，C選項“它導致了對克羅恩病的調查”，和D選項“它支持高纖維醫(yī)療食品的發(fā)明”，均不符合題意。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項。

2.單選題

Thetongue,______,isanimportantaidinchewingandswallowing.

問題1選項

A.isthechieforganoftaste

B.tastingtheorganchiefly

C.thechieforganoftaste

D.theorganchieflytastes

【答案】C

【解析】考查同位語。同位語是指一個名詞（或其它形式）對另一個名詞或代詞進行修飾，限定或說明。同位語與被它限定的詞的格式要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。所以要排除有動詞的A項和D項，由題干可知，我們需要修飾的是tongue，B項的意思完全不符合題意，它表示“主要品嘗器官”；只有C項是正確的同位語。句意：舌頭是主要的味覺器官，在咀嚼和吞咽時起著重要的輔助作用。因此，該題正確答案為C。

3.單選題

Thechildrencheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（

）slowlyintothesky.

問題1選項

A.heaving

B.raising

C.ascending

D.floating

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。heave意為“舉起”；raise意為“提升，提高”；ascend意為“上升，升高”；float意為“浮動，漂流”。此處為動詞的現在分詞作賓補。

句意：當看到幾百個彩色氣球慢慢地升向天空時，孩子們歡呼起來。

4.單選題

FirstlaunchedinAprilthisyear,NetMySingaporealsoincludeseffortsthat（

）training,development,andtheexplorationofnewtechnologiesbasedon.

問題1選項

A.obliterate

B.sequester

C.encompass

D.terminate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。obliterate“消滅，清除”；sequester“使隔絕”；encompass“包含，涉及”；terminate“使終止”。句意：于今年四月開始的“凈化我的新加坡”運動還包括一系列的培訓、發(fā)展和與之相關的新技術的開發(fā)。選項C符合題意。

5.單選題

Theatmospherecontainswatervapor,butthereisalimittohowmuchwatercanbeevaporatedintoagivenvolumeofair,justasthereisalimittohowmuchsugarcanbedissolvedinonecupfulofcoffee.Moresugarcanbedissolvedinhotcoffeethanincold.Agivenvolumeofaircanholdmorewatervaporatahighertemperaturethanatalowertemperature.Theairissaidtobesaturatedwhenitholdsasmuchwatervaporasitcanatthetemperature.At20°Cacubicmeterofaircanholdabout17gramofwatervapor;at30°Citcanholdabout30gram.Usuallytheatmosphereisnotsaturated.Relativehumidity(expressedinpercent)istheratioofthemassofwatervaporactuallypresentinagivenvolumeofairtothemasswhichwouldbepresentinitifitweresaturated.Forexample,ifacubicmeterofairat20°Ccontains12gramofwatervapor,therelativehumidityis12gm/17gmx100=71%.Hydrometersareinstrumentsformeasuringrelativehumidity.Readingsonwetanddrybulbthermometerscanbecomparedwiththeaidofachartfromwhichonecanthenreadofftherelativehumidity.Thebasicprincipleofthisisthatevaporationisacoolingprocess.Therateofevaporationfromthewet-bulbthermometerwillbehighwhentherelativehumidityislow,andthereforeonsuchadaythewet-bulbthermometerwillreadconsiderablybelowthedry-bulbone.Thereisnosimpleformulaforconvertingthistemperaturedifferencetorelativehumidity,andthereforeachartisused.

Ifunsaturatedairiscooled,itsrelativehumiditygoesup.Ifthetemperatureoftheairdropssufficiently,saturationisreachedandexcessmoistureprecipitatesout.Thedewpointisthetemperaturetowhichtheairmustbecooledtobecomesaturatedandcondensationwilljustform.

1.Whenthereadingsonthewet-bulbthermometerandthedry-bulbthermometeraresimilar,wemayassumethat（

）.

2.Whenthetemperatureoftheairrisesabovethedewpoint,（

）.

問題1選項

A.wehaverelativehumidity

B.theairissaturated

C.thethermometerisinefficient

D.thetemperatureisabouttorise

問題2選項

A.dewwillform

B.itwillrain

C.therelativehumidityexceeds100%

D.evaporationislikelytotakeplace

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Relativehumidityistheratioofthemassofwatervaporactuallypresentinagivenvolumeofairtothemasswhichwouldbepresentinitifitweresaturated.（相對濕度是給定體積空氣中實際存在的水蒸氣質量與飽和時存在的水蒸氣質量之比）和Therateofevaporationfromthewet-bulbthermometerwillbehighwhentherelativehumidityislow,andthereforeonsuchadaythewet-bulbthermometerwillreadconsiderablybelowthedry-bulbone.（當相對濕度較低時，濕球溫度計的蒸發(fā)率將很高，因此在這一天，濕球溫度計的讀數將大大低于干球溫度計）可推測當干濕球溫度中的度數相近時，則說明相對濕度高，故相對濕度越高說明空氣中實際水蒸氣含量越接近飽和，因此選B。

2.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Ifthetemperatureoftheairdropssufficiently,saturationisreachedandexcessmoistureprecipitatesout.Thedewpointisthetemperaturetowhichtheairmustbecooledtobecomesaturatedandcondensationwilljustform.（如果空氣溫度下降到足夠的程度，就會達到飽和，多余的水分就會沉淀出來。露點是指空氣必須冷卻到的溫度，以達到飽和，然后才會形成冷凝）可推測當空氣中的溫度上升到高于露點溫度時，空氣中水汽將不會達到飽和，就會產生蒸發(fā)，因此選D。

6.單選題

Justrememberonethingthat（）decisionsoftenleadtobitterregrets.

問題1選項

A.hasty

B.prompt

C.urgent

D.instant

【答案】A

【解析】句意:請只需記住一件事，即輕率的決定經常導致痛苦的遺憾。

考查形容詞辨析。hasty匆忙的，倉促而就的，草率的；prompt敏捷的，迅速的，立刻的;urgent緊急的，急迫的；instant立即的，緊急的，緊迫的。因此A符合句意。

7.單選題

TheAmericanslostthenuclearweaponmonopolywhentheSovietsexplodedtheirfirstatomicbomb.

問題1選項

A.control

B.business

C.superiority

D.privilege

【答案】A

【解析】句意：蘇聯(lián)第一顆原子彈爆炸后，美國失去了核武器的壟斷地位。monopoly意為“壟斷，專賣”，也就是具有控制權。所以control與之意思相近。

8.單選題

Threeyears（）beforehereturnedhomefromtheUnitedStates.

問題1選項

A.denoted

B.destined

C.elapsed

D.enveloped

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。Denote預示,代表;destine注定;elapse消逝;envelop遮蓋，包圍。選項C放在Threeyears后面表示3年流逝了。

9.翻譯題

17世紀后期至18世紀末，是中國清代的鼎盛時期，史稱“康乾盛世”。那個時期，中國的工業(yè)產量位居世界前列。但正是在這個時候，歐洲諸國先后開始了近代資產階級革命和產業(yè)革命，社會生產力迅速發(fā)展，后來居上。而中國當時的政治者對這一歷史性大變革卻茫然無知，仍沉迷于盲目自大之中，視西方科學技術為“奇技淫巧”?！翱登⑹馈敝蟮?00多年，中國的發(fā)展大大落后了，國際地位急劇衰落，淪為半殖民地，備受外強欺辱。

中華人民共和國成立后，中國人民掌握了自己的命運，民族的獨立和解放使中國發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。但在20世紀60、70年代世界經濟蓬勃發(fā)展和新科技革命浪潮興起的時代，中國搞了長達10年的“文化大革命”，錯失了又一次發(fā)展良機。值得欣慰的是，從70年代末開始，我們糾正了過去的錯誤，選擇了改革開放的正確道路，對內實行改革，對外實行開放，開放也是改革。改革開放使我們抓住了新的歷史機遇，實現了近30年的高速發(fā)展，綜合國力顯著增強，人民生活得到很大改善，國際地位不斷上升。

【答案】Inthelate17centurytotheendof18thCentury,ChineseQingDynastywasinitsheyday,knownastheGoldenAgeof“KangxiandQianlong”.Duringthisperiod,China’sindustrialproductionhasbeenattheforefrontontheworldstage.ButitwasatthistimethatEuropeancountriesbeganthemodernbourgeoisrevolutionandindustrialrevolution,whichrockettherapiddevelopmentofsocialproductivityinthewesternworld,leavingtherestoftheworldoutofsightbehind.However,Chinesepoliticiansatthattimewerecompletelyignorantofthishistoricchange,andstillindulgedinblindarrogance,regardingwesternscienceandtechnologyas“diabolictricksandwickedcraft”.Duringthepast100yearsfromthattimeonward,Chinafellfarbehindindevelopment,sufferedasharpdeclineinitsinternationalstatus,wasreducedtoasemi-colonyandsubjectedtobullyingandhumiliationfromforeignpowers.

SincethefundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,accompanyingwiththenationalindependenceandliberation,Chinesepeoplehavebecomethemasteroftheirowndestiny.AllthishasbroughttremendouschangestoChina.However,inthe1960sand1970s,whentheworldeconomywasboomingandthenewwaveofscientificandtechnologicalrevolutionwasemerging,Chinaconductedthedecade-long“CulturalRevolution”andmissedanothergoodopportunityfordevelopment.Thegoodnewsisthatsincetheendof1970s,withtheimplementationofreformingdomesticallyandopening-uptotheworldwehavecorrectedthemistakesofthepast,directingthewholenationtotherightwayofreformandopening-up.Undertheguidanceofreformandopening-uppolicy,weseizedthenewhistoricalopportunitytopromotearapidsocialdevelopmentinthelast30years.Thispolicynotonlyheightenchina’scomprehensivepowersandpeople’slivingstandards,butalsothegrowinginternationalclout.

10.單選題

Mostpeopleinthemodemworld（

）freedomandindependencemorethananythingelse.

問題1選項

A.illuminate

B.fascinate

C.cherish

D.embody

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。illuminate“闡明，說明”；fascinate“使著迷，使神魂顛倒”；cherish“珍愛”；embody“體現，使具體化”。句意：在現代社會里，大多數人最珍惜的事自由和獨立。選項C符合題意。

11.單選題

Takethisbitofseemingly（）advice:Inordertowritequickly,youmustfirstthinkslowly.

問題1選項

A.paradoxical

B.contradict

C.parallel

D.disordering

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。paradoxical“矛盾的”符合句意。contradict為動詞“與……矛盾”；parallel“平行的”；disordering“無序的”。句意：采納這條有點矛盾的建議：為了寫作快一點，思考必須慢一點。選項A符合題意。

12.單選題

Lazinessisasin,everyoneknowsthat.Wehaveprobablyallhadlecturespointingoutthatlazinessisimmoral,thatitiswasteful,andthatlazypeoplewillneveramounttoanythinginlife.Butlazinesscanbemoreharmfulthanthat,anditisoftencausedbymorecomplexreasonsthansimplewishtoavoidwork.Somepeoplewhoappeartobelazyaresufferingfrommuchmoreseriousproblems.Theymaybesodistrustfuloftheirfellowworkersthattheyareunabletojoininanygrouptaskforfearofridiculeorfearofhavingtheirideasstolen.Thesepeoplewhoseemlazymaybeparalyzedbyafearoffailurethatpreventsfruitfulwork.Orothersortsoffantasiesmaypreventwork;somepeoplearesobusyplanning,sometimesplanninggreatdealsorfantasticachievements,thattheyareunabletodealwithwhatever“l(fā)esser”workisonhand.Stillotherpeoplearenotavoidingwork;strictlyspeaking,theyaremerelyprocrastinating—reschedulingtheirday.

Lazinesscanactuallybehelpful.Likeprocrastinators(拖延者),somepeoplemaylooklazywhentheyarereallythinking,planning,contemplating,researching.Weshouldallrememberthatsomegreatscientificdiscoveriesoccurredbychanceorwhilesomeonewas“goofingoff(游手好閑)”,Newtonwasn’tworkingintheorchardwhentheapplehithimandhedevisedthetheoryofgravity.Allofuswouldliketohavesomeone“l(fā)azy”buildthecarorstovewebuy,particularlyifthat“l(fā)aziness”werecausedbytheworker’stakingtimetocheckeachstepofhisworkandtodohisjobright.Andsometimes,being“l(fā)ady”—thatis,takingtimeoffforarest-isgoodforanoverworkedstudentor,executive.Takingarestcanbeparticularlyhelpfultotheathletewhoistryingtoohardorthedoctorwho’ssimplyworkinghimselfovertimetoomanyevenings,attheclinic.Sobecarefulwhenyou’retemptedtocallsomeonelazy.Thatpersonmaybethinking,resting,orplanninghisorhernextbook.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat______.

2.Thepassagestatesthat______.

3.Whichofthefollowingconclusiondoesthepassagesupport?

4.Thefinalparagraphis______.

5.Theword“devised”inPara.2means______.

問題1選項

A.lazinessisamoralsin

B.thereareadvantagesanddisadvantagesinbeinglazy

C.lazinessindicatesdeep-seatedemotionalproblems

D.lazypeopledomorecarefulwork

問題2選項

A.lazinessisadisease

B.somelazypeopleareinsecure

C.lazinessismorebeneficialthanharmful

D.agooddefinitionoflazinessisemotionalillness

問題3選項

A.Thewordlazinessissometimesappliedincorrectly.

B.Mostofthetimelazinessisavirtue.

C.Mostassemblylineworkersarelazy.

D.Mostinsecurepeoplearelazy.

問題4選項

A.somber

B.humorous

C.serious

D.trite(陳腐的)

問題5選項

A.formulate

B.understood

C.wrote

D.proved

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段講了懶惰是一種罪惡，第二段又指出懶惰也會起到很大的作用，說明本文主要講的是懶惰的壞處和好處。因此B選項“懶惰有好處也有壞處”最能概括文章主旨。A選項“懶惰是一種道德上的罪惡”，C選項“懶惰表明了根深蒂固的情感問題”，D選項“懶惰的人做的工作更仔細”均不能完整地概括文章主旨，所以A,C,D錯誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第五句Theymaybesodistrustfuloftheirfellowworkersthattheyareunabletojoininanygrouptaskforfearofridiculeorfearofhavingtheirideasstolen.（他們可能非常不信任他們的同事，以至于無法參加任何小組任務，因為害怕被嘲笑或擔心他們的想法被竊取。），說明懶惰表明了一種根深蒂固的情感問題。因此D選項“對于懶惰的一個很好的定義是情感疾病”正確。A選項“懶惰是一種疾病”，B選項“一些懶惰的人沒有安全感”，C選項“懶惰的好處多于壞處”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后兩句Sobecarefulwhenyou’retemptedtocallsomeonelazy.Thatpersonmaybethinking,resting,orplanninghisorhernextbook.（所以當你想說別人懶的時候要小心。那個人可能正在思考、休息或計劃他或她的下一本書。），說明有時形容別人懶惰并不準確。因此A選項“懶惰這個詞有時被錯誤地應用”正確。B選項“大多數時候，懶惰是一種美德”，C選項“大多數裝配線工人都是懶惰的”，D選項“大多數沒有安全感的人都是懶惰的”在文中均沒有提及，所以B,C,D錯誤。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。由第二段可知，作者用一種輕松詼諧的筆調把懶惰和成功聯(lián)系起來說明懶惰有哪些好處，觀點十分新穎。因此B選項“幽默的”正確。A選項“陰沉的”，C選項“嚴肅的”，D選項“陳腐的”均不符合題意，所以A,C,D錯誤。

5.語義推測題。由題干關鍵詞“devised”可以定位到文章第二段第三句Newtonwasn’tworkingintheorchardwhentheapplehithimandhedevisedthetheoryofgravity.（當牛頓被蘋果砸到，發(fā)明了引力理論時，他并不在果園里工作。），說明“devised”在文中是指“發(fā)明”的意思。因此A選項“發(fā)明”正確。B選項“理解”，C選項“寫下”，D選項“證明”均不符合題意，所以B,C,D錯誤。

13.單選題

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Acoolofficewillboostemployees’productivity.

B.Anaturallyventilatedofficeismorecomfortable.

C.Air-conditioningimprovesventilationintheoffice.

D.Officeair-conditioningshouldfollowguidebooks.

問題2選項

A.Peopleintheircomfortzoneoftemperaturearemoresatisfiedwiththeirproductivity.

B.Twenty-twodegreesistheoptimaltemperatureforofficeworkers.

C.Thereisarangeoftemperaturesforpeopletofeelcomfortable.

D.Peopleindifferentcountriesvaryintheirtolerancetouncomfortabletemperatures.

問題3選項

A.Itwillsharplydecreaseworkefficiency.

B.Itwillbeimmediatelynoticeable.

C.Itwillhavenonegativeimpactonwork.

D.Itwillcausealotofdiscomfort.

問題4選項

A.Theyarenotbotheredbytemperatureextremes.

B.Theysufferfromrapidtemperaturechanges.

C.Theybecomelesssensitivetohightemperatures.

D.Theytendtofavorlowertemperatures.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】PassageTwo

Settingtheofficeair-conditioningatabout22degreesCelsiushasbecomestandardpracticeacrosstheworld.[12]Numerousguidebooksacrosstheworldonheating,ventilationandair-conditioningclaimofficeperformancepeaksat22degrees.Manypeopleindeedfindrelieffromsoaringsummertemperaturesinair-conditionedoffices,butrecentstudieshavechallengedtheacceptedwisdomthatacoolofficeismoreproductive.Therealityismorecomplex.Researchersconductedareviewofallstudiesrelatingtoair-conditioningandproductivity.Theyfoundthat22degreeswasprobablyalittlechilly,evenattheheightofsummer.[13]Forapersondressedintypicalsummerclothing,anoptimalrangewouldbebetween23and26degrees.Andpeoplecaneventoleratetemperaturesbeyondthis“comfortzone”aslongastheycanadjusttheirclothingandexpectations.Infact,evenonveryhotdays,itmakessensetoturntheair-conditioningup.Peopleoftenchasejustone“optimum”temperature,andthisisunderstandablewhenpeoplefeelhot.[14]Butthereisarangeofatleastthreetofourdegreeswhichdoesnothaveanyadverseimpact.Anotherissuerelatedtothisisthatpeoplecanbecomepsychologicallydependentonair-conditioning.[15]Iftheyareusedtotheenvironmentwhichisair-conditioned,theytendtopreferlowertemperatures.Butthestudiesfoundthatalmostallhumansbecameaccustomedtothenewtemperature.Itwasonlyatthe“extreme”endsofthetemperaturerangewherepeople’sproductivitysuffered.Thisrangewasabove26degreesandbelow19degrees.

12.Whatistheacceptedwisdomconcerningtheofficeenvironment?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關于辦公室環(huán)境，人們普遍接受的觀念是什么？錄音開頭講到辦公室的空調溫度調到22度左右已成為全球性的標準做法，并且許多關于供暖、通風和空調的指南都聲稱辦公室溫度峰值達到22度時，人們的工作效率最高。由此可知，人們普遍認為“涼爽的辦公環(huán)境能提高員工的工作效率”，因此A選項正確。B選項“自然通風的辦公室更舒適”和C選項“空調改善辦公室的通風”在錄音中沒有信息提及，因此排除；D選項“人們認為辦公室的空調溫度設定應遵循指南”，錄音只是提及很多指南聲稱溫度調至22度時，員工工作效率最高，并沒有說一定要遵循指南，因此D選項不正確。

13.Whatdidresearchersfindfromtheirreviewofallstudiesrelatingtoair-conditioningandproductivity?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問研究人員在回顧了所有與空調和生產力有關的研究之后發(fā)現了什么？研究人員發(fā)現22度的溫度即便是在盛夏也很可能讓人感覺有點冷，對穿著正常夏裝的人來說，最適宜的溫度范圍是23度到26度。C選項“人們感到舒適的溫度有一個范圍”是對這些信息的概括，因此正確。A選項“處于溫度舒適區(qū)的人們對自己的工作效率更滿意”，錄音中并沒有提及人們對工作效率是否滿意，因此排除；B選項“對辦公室工作人員來說，22度是最適宜的溫度”是很多關于供暖、通風和空調的指南的觀點，不是研究人員新發(fā)現的結果，因此排除；D選項“不同國家的人對不舒服的溫度的耐受力不同”在錄音中沒有信息提及。

14.Whatdowelearnaboutusingalittlelessair-conditioningduringhotweather?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問關于在大熱天少用點空調，我們了解到什么？錄音在提到夏天最適宜的室溫是23度至26度后，接著說即使超出這個溫度舒適區(qū)，人們也受得了。后面還提到，人們通常只追求一個“最適宜的”溫度，但在三到四度的溫度浮動范圍內，不會產生任何負面影響。因此，C選項“對工作沒有負面影響”符合錄音表述。A選項“這會大大降低工作效率”和D選項“這會引起很多不適”恰好與錄音內容相反；B選項“這會立即被注意到”在錄音中并沒有信息提及，因此可排除。

15.Whathappenswhenpeopleareusedtoanair-conditionedenvironment?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問當人們習慣了空調環(huán)境時會發(fā)生什么？錄音結尾處提到，人們會在心理上對空調產生依賴，如果他們習慣了有空調的環(huán)境，他們往往會喜歡更低的溫度（theytendtopreferlowertemperatures）。D選項是對原文信息的復現，因此正確。A選項“他們不受極端溫度的影響”與錄音表述恰好相反；B選項“他們會因溫度的快速變化而受到不好的影響”和C選項“他們對高溫變得不那么敏感”在錄音中沒有信息提及，因此排除。

14.翻譯題

中國畫是中國傳統(tǒng)藝術的一個重要分支。使用長毫毛筆，墨汁及水彩在絹紙上創(chuàng)作的傳統(tǒng)中國畫可謂碩果累累，且對中國文化與藝術有著重要影響。

傳統(tǒng)中國畫可以按其主題分為人物，山水，花鳥畫等，或依據創(chuàng)作技法區(qū)分為工畫(Meticulous)和寫意畫(Thought-sketching)。

中國畫將詩、書、畫、印結合起來，構成一種程式化形式的藝術。憑借上述元素，中國畫能夠充分展現B師的藝術特色，并且增添了其美學價值。

【答案】ChinesepaintingisanimportantbranchofChinesetraditionalart.Withusinglonghairpens,inkandwatercolor,traditionalChinesepaintingscreatedonsilkpaperhavebeenfruitfulandhavehadanimportantimpactonChinesecultureandart.

TraditionalChinesepaintingcanbedividedinto,accordingtoitsthemelandscape,figurepainting,landscapepaintingandbirdandflowerpainting,etc.,ordividedintoMeticulouspaintingandThought-sketchingpaintinginaccordancewiththecreativetechnique.

Chinesepaintingcombinespoetry,calligraphy,paintingandprintingtoformastylizedformofart.Withaboveelements,Chinesepaintingcanfullyshowtheartist'sartisticcharacteristicsandadditsaestheticvalue.

15.單選題

Theuseofdeferential（敬重的）languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofthewoman,whichdominatesconservativegendernormsinJapan.Thisidealpresentsawomanwhowithdrawsquietlytothebackground,subordinatingherlifeandneedstothoseofherfamilyanditsmalehead.Sheisadutifuldaughter,wife,andmother,masterofthedomesticarts.ThetypicalrefinedJapanesewomanexcelsinmodestyanddelicacy;she“treadssoftly（謹言慎行）intheworld,”elevatingfemininebeautyandgracetoanartform.

Nowadays,itiscommonlyobservedthatyoungwomenarenotconformingtothefemininelinguistic（語言的）ideal.Theyareusingfeweroftheverydeferential“women’s”forms,andevenusingthefewstrongformsthatareknownas“men’s.”This,ofcourse,attractsconsiderableattentionandhasledtoanoutcryintheJapanesemediaagainstthedefeminizationofwomen’slanguage.Indeed,wedidn'thearabout“men’slanguage’，untilpeoplebegantorespondtogirls'appropriationofformsnormallyreservedforboysandmen.Thereisconsiderablesentimentaboutthe“corruption”ofwomen’slanguagewhichofcourseisviewedaspartofthelossoffeminineidealsandmorality-andthissentimentiscrystallizedbynationwideopinionpollsthatareregularlycarriedoutbythemedia.

YoshikoMatsumotohasarguedthatyoungwomenprobablyneverusedasmanyofthehighlydeferentialformsasolderwomen.Thishighlypolitestyleisnodoubtsomethingthatyoungwomenhavebeenexpectedto“growinto”—afterall,itisasignnotsimplyoffemininity,butofmaturityandrefinement,anditsusecouldbetakentoindicateachangeinthenatureofone'ssocialrelationsaswell.Onemightwellimaginelittlegirlsusingexceedinglypoliteformswhenplayinghouseorimitatingolderwomen—inafashionanalogoustolittlegirls’useofahigh-pitchedvoicetodo“teachertalk”or“mothertalk”inroleplay.

ThefactthatyoungJapanesewomenareusinglessdeferentiallanguageisasuresignofchangeofsocialchangeandoflinguisticchange.Butitismostcertainlynotasignofthe“niasculization”ofgirls.Insomeinstances,itmaybeasignthatgirlsaremakingthesameclaimtoauthorityasboysandmen,butthatisverydifferentfromsayingthattheyaretryingtobe“masculine”.KatsueReynoldshasarguedthatgirlsnowadaysareusingmoreassertivelanguagestrategiesinordertobeabletocompetewithboysinschoolsandout.Socialchangealsobringsnotsimplydifferentpositionsforwomenandgirls,butdifferentrelationstolifestages,andadolescentgirlsareparticipatinginnewsubculturalforms.Thuswhatmay,toanolderspeaker,seemlike“masculine”speechmayseemtoanadolescentlike“l(fā)iberated”or“hip”speech.

1.Thefirstparagraphdescribesindetail（

）.

2.Whatchangehasbeenobservedintoday’syoungJapanesewomen?

3.Howdosomepeoplereacttowomen’sappropriationofmen’slanguageformsasreportedintheJapanesemedia?

4.AccordingtoYoshikoMatsumoto,thelinguisticbehaviorobservedintoday'syoungwomen

（

）.

5.TheauthorbelievesthattheuseofassertivelanguagebyyoungJapanesewomenis（

）.

問題1選項

A.thestandardssetforcontemporaryJapanesewomen

B.theConfucianinfluenceongendernormsinJapan

C.thestereotypedroleofwomeninJapanesefamilies

D.thenormsfortraditionalJapanesewomentofollow

問題2選項

A.Theypaylessattentiontotheirlinguisticbehavior.

B.Theusefewerofthedeferentiallinguisticforms.

C.Theyconfusemaleandfemaleformsoflanguage.

D.Theyemployverystronglinguisticexpressions.

問題3選項

A.Theycall