考研考博-英語-新疆職業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-新疆職業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Howlargeaproportionofthesalesofstoresinornearresortareascanbe______totouristspending?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attributed

B.applied

C.contributed

D.attached

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。attributedto“歸因于”；appliedto“應(yīng)用于”；contributedto“有助于”；attachedto“附屬于”。句意：在度假勝地或附近，商店銷售額中有多大的比例可以歸因于旅游消費(fèi)？選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Shecookedthemeatforalongtimesoastomakeit______enoughtoeat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mild

B.slight

C.light

D.tender

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)mild“（天氣、情感）溫和的；（味道）清淡的”；B選項(xiàng)slight“輕微的；瘦小的”；C選項(xiàng)light“明亮的；（重量）輕的”；D選項(xiàng)tender“（食物）嫩的”。句意：她把肉煮了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，來讓肉吃起來足夠______。D選項(xiàng)符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Change—ortheabilitytoadaptoneselftoachangingenvironment—isessentialtoevolution.Thefarmerwhoselandisrequiredforhousingorindustrymustadapthimself.Hecanmovetoanotherplaceandmastertheproblemspeculiartoit;hecanchangehisoccupation,perhapsafteraperiodoftraining;orhecanstarvetodeath.Anationwhichcannotadaptitstradeordefenserequirementstomeetworldconditionsfaceseconomicormilitarydisaster.Nothingisfixedandpermanentlystable.Theremustbemovementforward,whichisprogressofasort,ormovementbackward,whichisdecayanddeterioration.

Inthiscontext,traditioncanbeaforceforgoodorforevil.Aslongasitoffersaguide(withoutinsistingthatitspathistheonlyone),ithelpstheignorantandtheuninformedtotakeastepforward,andthereby,toadaptthemselvestochangedcircumstances.Tradition,orcustom,canguidethehunteraseffectivelyasitcaninfluencethenervoushostess.Butifwemakeanidol(偶像、崇拜)oftradition,itceasestobecomeaguideandbecomesanobstaclelyingacrossthepathofchangeandprogress.Ifweinsistontryingtoplotthefuturebythepast,weclearlyhandicapourselvesandinvitefailure.Thebettercourseistoacceptthehelpwhichtraditioncangivebut,realizingthatitnecessarilyhasitsrootsinthepast,tobewellawareofitslimitationsinachangingworld.

1.Theauthormaintainsthatifwewanttogetalongwiththeworld(

).

2.Thefarmer'scaseinPara.1isgivenasanexampleof(

)

.

3.“Thehunterandthenervoushostess”inPara.2arereferringtopeoplewho()

4.Theauthorwarnsusthat（）

5.Thispassagemanlydiscussestherelationshipbetween（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.industrymustbedevelopedattheexpenseoffarmland

B.farmersmusttrytogetsomejobtraining

C.tradeanddefenseareessential

D.changeisindispensable

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thetrendofeconomicdevelopment

B.thecourseofhumanevolution

C.theneedofadaptability

D.theimportanceofsocialchange

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.areignorantanduninformed

B.arewellawareofcustom'slimitations

C.becomeanobstacleonthepathofprogress

D.constitutetheforceforgood

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itismisleadingtoaccepttraditionasaguide

B.excessivedevotiontotraditionmaybringustroubles

C.wemustaccepttheguidancetraditionoffersus

D.traditionisobstaclelyingonthepathofchange

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.industryandagriculture

B.eviltraditionandgoodtradition

C.manandthechangingworld

D.traditionandchange

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的尾句可知,作者一直在強(qiáng)調(diào)change。所以選項(xiàng)D改變是必不可少的為正確答案。選項(xiàng)A和C在文章中沒有提及,選項(xiàng)D包含了選項(xiàng)B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段農(nóng)民的例子是為了說明“Thefarmerwhoselandisrequiredforhousingorindustrymustadapthimself.”所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“ithelpstheignorantandtheuninformedtotakeastepforward,andthereby,toadaptthemselvestochangedcircumstances.”所以選A符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容作者認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)有好也有壞,所以選項(xiàng)A和D錯(cuò)誤,選項(xiàng)C中must太絕對(duì),并不是所有傳統(tǒng)的向?qū)Ф际钦_的。選項(xiàng)B過度的推崇傳統(tǒng)可能會(huì)給我們帶來麻煩,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段主要是講change,第二段主要是講tradition,所以文章主要討論的是傳統(tǒng)和變革的關(guān)系。

4.單選題

Marlinisayoungmanofindependentthinkingwhoisnotabout________complimentstohispoliticalleaders.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paying

B.havingpaid

C.topay

D.tohavepaid

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：馬林是一個(gè)有獨(dú)立思考能力的年輕人，他對(duì)他的政治領(lǐng)袖阿諛奉承。根據(jù)固定搭配“beabouttodo”，排除A，B選項(xiàng)。句子中的時(shí)態(tài)用的是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以后面的句子沒有必要用完成時(shí)。

5.單選題

Theworkers'demandare（

）;theyareaskingforonlyasmallincreaseintheirwages.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complicated

B.moderate

C.abnormal

D.commercial

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。complicated“復(fù)雜的”；moderate“適度的”；abnormal“不正常的”；commercial“商業(yè)的”。句意：工人們提出了適度的要求：漲一點(diǎn)工資。由后半句的“onlyasmallincrease…”可知這種要求是適度的。B項(xiàng)符合題意，答案B

6.寫作題

PeopleallovertheworldspendtimesurfingtheInternet.Sometimes,surfingtheInternethasreplacedmoreactivepastimessuchassportsorvisitingwithfriends.

Writeacompositionofnolessthan250wordsanddiscuss,whetherlifeonInternethashadagoodorbadeffectonpeople'sdailylife.

Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutline:.

Goodeffect.

Badeffect.

Conclusion.

【答案】TheInternetandItsEffectsonPeoplesDailyLife

Throughoutthe20th

century,asoneofthemostadvancedinnovationsilltheareaofinformationtechnology,Internethasexertedanextremelyimportantinfluenceonpeople’sproductionandsocialactivities.Inrecentyears,we’rewitnessedarapidgrowthinthepopularityofInternetandwemaysay,wehavealreadyenteredtheInternetera.Whether,however,lifeonInternethasagoodorbadeffectonpeople’sdailylife?Admittedly,therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.

Definitely,itsconvenienceandpracticalityareofgreatsignificanceforus.Firstly,itisInternetthatmakesitpossibleforpeopletoadapttotherapiddevelopmentofhigh-techsocietyandtobeprovidedwiththeavailabilityofknowledgeandinformationfromallovertheworld.Withitsrichnessofinformation,theInternetprovideduswithchancestoknowabouttheworldandtoexpandourhorizonwithoutleavinghome.Inaddition,theinternetconnectsthecomputersaroundtheworld,andpeoplecantalkwithandseeeachothereasilyandcheaply,evenacrosstheocean.Moreover,manyhospitalsandtrainstationshaveopenedtheirownticketbookingsystemstoreducethelengthofthequeuebeforetheirown’storeduce.

However,Internetisalsolikeadouble-edgedsword.Atfirst,inthesparetime,PeopleprefertosurftheInternetallthedayratherthandosomeoutdooractivitieswiththeirfriends,suchashavingapicnicorplayingfootball.Itmaybeadangeroussignalthatlesscommunicationinactuallifeisbringingaboutcoldnessofinterpersonalrelationships.Besides,therearesomebadguyswhomaytakeadvantageoftheinternettodosomethingbad,suchasspreadingpornmaterialstothechildren,abductingnaivegirlsthroughonlinechattingrooms,andmakingschoolageboys’addicttotheonlinegames.

Inconclusion,Internetisthetrendinourdailylife.WecanbenefitmostfromitonlyifwetakegoodadvantagesofInternetandtrytobecarefulenoughtokeepthepotentialbadeffectsaway.

7.單選題

Themotherwas（）withgriefwhensheheardthatherchildwasdead.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fantastic

B.frank

C.frantic

D.frenzy

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。fantastic“奇異的；古怪的”；frank“坦白的，直率的”；frantic“狂亂的，瘋狂的”；frenzy“狂暴；狂怒”。句意：當(dāng)那位母親得知她的孩子死了，悲痛到瘋了。Befranticwith“因……而瘋狂”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.填空題

Englishasanofficiallanguagehasgainedmomentumasproponentskeepgoingtotheballotboxwithmeasuresthatdiscouragebilingualballots,noticesanddocuments.Thirtystalesnowhave（1）specifyingthatofficialgovernmentcommunicationsbeinEnglish,saysU.S.English,agroup（2）promotesthelaws.Thisyearsuchbillsareunder（3）in19legislatures."It'smultiplyingtremendously,"saysMauroMujica,aChileanimmigrantandchairmanandCEOofU.S.English."We'vemade（4）progress."

Criticsdonotseeprogress.Somesaytheincreaseinthemeasuresnationwidesendsahostile（5）tonewcomers."Itjustpoisonstheatmosphereinlocalcommunities,"saysJohnTrasvina,（6）andgeneralcounseloftheMexicanAmericanLegalDefenseandEducationalFund.Typicallytheproposedlaws（7）thatdocuments,ballotsandothercommunicationsbepublishedinEnglish.Exemptionsarecommunicationstoprotect（8）healthandsafetyoreffortstopromotetourism.

AdvocatessaytheyarenotsuggestingthatEnglishbetheonlylanguage（9）butthatitbetheonlylanguageusedindealingwithgovernment.Mujica,whospeaksSpanishinhishome,saysrequiringEnglishforofficialbusinessencourages,（10）tolearnEnglish.Thatwillhelpthemtoassimilate（11）U.S.societyandprosperinitseconomy,hesays."We'remakingittooeasyforpeopletofunctioninotherlanguages,"hecomplains.

Buttheeffectivenessofthemovementisinquestionsincefederalsometimestrumpsastate'sofficialEnglishlaw.For（12）,theVotingRightsActrequirescertainlocalitiestopublishbilingualballots.“They'veraisedthelevelofanger（13）languagesotherthanEnglish,(but)haven'treallychangedthegovernment'sorbusinesses'wayofdoing（14），”

Trasvinasaid.RobToonkel,spokesmanforU.S.English,saysthatisnottrue.Hesaysthelawsdonotcovereverything（15）ensurethatthingslikedriver'slicenses,zoningformsandtheday-to-dayactivitiesareoverwhelminglyinEnglish.

【答案】1.laws

2.that

3.consideration

4.huge

5.message

6.president

7.require

8.public

9.spoken

10.immigrants

11.into

12.instance

13.against

14.business

15.but

【解析】1.通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此處應(yīng)填入名詞。結(jié)合本句翻譯：目前三十個(gè)州……規(guī)定英語為政府官方語言。因此推斷出所填入的名詞是laws，標(biāo)示……法律規(guī)定……

2.通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知：“agroup

promotesthelaws”這部分為U.S.English的同位語，其中“

promotesthelaws”為定語從句修飾agroup，故此處需填入引導(dǎo)詞that。

3.固定搭配。underconsideration“在考慮之中的”。

4.聯(lián)系上文含義。上文中“It'smultiplyingtremendously”的中文含義為：其正以驚人的速度成倍增加。推斷出所填入的詞為huge。

5.固定搭配。sendamessageto…“向……傳遞信息”。

6.通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知26andgeneralcounseloftheMexicanAmericanLegalDefenseandEducationalFund為JohnTrasvina的同位語。generalcounsel意為總顧問，由此可以推斷出此處也應(yīng)填入表示職位的名詞。因此答案為president。

7.分析句子Typicallytheproposedlaws__thatdocuments,ballotsandothercommunicationsbepublishedinEnglish.得出這里是虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的應(yīng)用：“bepublishedinEnglish”在此處省略了should。由此可以推斷所填入的詞是一個(gè)表示“命令、要求、建議等語氣”的動(dòng)詞，因此答案為require。

8.固定搭配。publichealthandsafety意為公共衛(wèi)生安全。

9.分析句子...thatEnglishbetheonlylanguage

butthatitbetheonlylanguageusedindealingwithgovernment結(jié)構(gòu)可知：thatitbetheonlylanguageusedindealingwithgovernment為賓語從句。因此應(yīng)填入的詞與賓語從句中的used是對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，因此填入spoken。

10.聯(lián)系上下文可以推斷出此處指的是“鼓勵(lì)外來移民學(xué)習(xí)英語”，故所填入的詞是immigrants。

11.固定搭配。assimilateinto意為“使同化，（使）逐漸'混合于（某—更大的群體）”。

12.固定搭配。Forinstance“例如”。

13.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知：“33languagesotherthanEnglish”做后置定語修飾anger。anger通常與介詞against搭配使用，故此處應(yīng)填入against。

14.固定搭配。wayofdoingbusiness意為“經(jīng)營(yíng)方式”。

15.句子Hesaysthelawsdonotcovereverything

ensurethatthingslikedriver'slicenses,zoningformsandtheday-to-dayactivitiesareoverwhelminglyinEnglish.的中文翻譯為：他說，這些法律并沒有涵蓋所有內(nèi)容，

確保了像駕駛執(zhí)照、分區(qū)表和日?；顒?dòng)都是用英語書寫的?？芍渥尤鄙俦硎巨D(zhuǎn)折的詞，因此填入but。

9.單選題

One’sattitudetowardsjobhuntingwouldbe（）tohisprospects.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.critic

C.crucial

D.criticized

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)critical“批評(píng)的，愛挑剔的；危險(xiǎn)的；決定性的”；B選項(xiàng)critic“批評(píng)家，評(píng)論家；愛挑剔的人”；C選項(xiàng)crucial“重要的；決定性的；定局的；決斷的”；D選項(xiàng)criticize“批評(píng)；評(píng)論；非難”。句意：一個(gè)人對(duì)找工作的態(tài)度對(duì)他的發(fā)展前景是重要的。故C正確。

10.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

WouldyoustopbuyingApple’sproductsifitdecidedtohelptheFBIopenaterroristsiPhone?Ithoughtnot.

WhichistosaythatAppleCEOTimCook,inhisrefusaltohelptheFBIbreakintoiphones,isaheadofmostofthepopulation.Butmaybenotallthatfarahead.Hisverypublicstancemighteventurnouttobethesmartestthinghe’sdoneforApplesincebecomingCEO.

Weallgiveourprivacyawayeveryday,constantly,toapanoplyofentities.IactuallysnortedalaughwhenFacebookandGoogleproclaimedtheirsupportforCook’sposition.FacebookandGooglehordemoredataaboutusthananyothercommercialentitiesandmakebillionsofdollarsonit.Remember,theirproductsarefree;theircorebusinessissellingthedetailsofourlivestoadvertisers.

Atthemoment,whenmostconsumerssaythey’reconcernedaboutprivacy,they’rekiddingthemselves.ArecentsurveybyTRUSTeandtheNationalCyberSecurityAlliancefoundthat92percentofrespondentswhousetheInternetsaidtheyworryaboutonlineprivacy,yet89percentdonotavoidbusinessestheyfeelarenotrespectingtheirprivacy.

Inotherwords,ouranxietiesaboutthisstuffarecompletelydisconnectedfromouractions.

Andencroachmentsonourprivacyareonlygoingtogetworse.WearableslikeFitbits,smarthomedeviceslikeNest,connectedcarsandInternetofThingssensorsareallcreatingevermoredataaboutevermoredetailedandintimateaspectsofourlives.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecanstitchtogetherdifferentkindsofdatatopaintaridiculouslyaccuratepictureofanindividual.

Inmanyways,wewelcomethis—thebettertechnologyknowsus,thebetteritcanserveus.Butatwhatpointdoestheexploitationofourdetailsturnfromconvenienceintoinvasion?Anddon’twewantcontrolofthatknobtounderstandanddecidewhatwe’reagreeingtoshare?

Cookismakingusthinkaboutallthatnow.Domostpeoplecaremuchaboutthisonecase,thisonephone?Notlikely.Butthisfightismakingusrealizethatweneedtomakesomedecisions,individuallyandasasociety,aboutdigitalprivacybeforeitgetsawayfromus.AcynicmightsayApplecanaffordtotakethisstandbecauseitdoesn’trelyonsellingadvertisingasabusinessmodel.Buteverycompanyshouldtakethepublic’sinterestinApple’sdecisiontoheart.Privacyisrisingtoanewlevelofawareness.

Apple,sooftenontheforefront,seemstoknowthis.TheFBIsaidCook’sstandisamarketingploy.InCook’slettertocustomers,hesnorted,“Absolutelynot.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.”Headded,“Thisisandalwayshasbeenaboutourcustomers.Wefeelstronglythatifweweretodowhatthegovernmenthasaskedofus-tocreateabackdoortoourproducts—notonlyisitunlawfulbutitputsthevastmajorityofgoodandlaw—abidingcitizens,whorelyoniphonetoprotecttheirmostpersonalandimportantdata,atrisk.”

So,really,Cooks’positionmaynotbeaploy.Itcouldturnouttobebrilliantmarketing.

1.WhydidtheauthorsnortalaughwhenFacebookandGoogleproclaimedtheirsupportforCook’sposition?

2.Whatdoestheword“encroachment”inparagraph6mean?

3.ThefollowingdevicesarecreatingmoredataaboutourlivesinamoredetailedandintimatewayEXCEPT（）.

4.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheydidn’tagreewithCookfromthebottomoftheirhearts.

B.Becausetheypossessedmoreinformationaboutusthananyothercommercialentities.

C.BecausetheymadebillionsofdollarsbysupportingApple.

D.Becausetheydidn’tcareabouttheirclientsprivacyatall.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.protection

B.violation

C.promotion

D.exploitation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Truste

B.InternetofThingssensors

C.WearableslikeFitbits

D.SmarthomedeviceslikeNest

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Cook’srefusalisregardedasameretacticbythegeneralpublic.

B.Allcompaniesthatprovidefreeproductsaresellingdetailsofourlivestoadvertisers.

C.Mostpeoplesaytheyareconcernedabouttheirprivacybutactuallytheyfailtopaymuchattentiontoit.

D.EverycompanyshouldlearnfromApples’businessmodels.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Awarenessofprivacyprotectionshouldbepromoted

B.WhetherCook’srefusalisjustaploy

C.ThebattlebetweenFBIandApple

D.HowTimCookaimstoprofitfromprotectingprivacy

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。由上文可知，庫克拒絕泄露用戶隱私，那么為什么當(dāng)Facebook和谷歌宣布支持庫克的立場(chǎng)時(shí)，作者嗤之以鼻呢？答案在第三段第三句FacebookandGooglehordemoredataaboutusthananyothercommercialentitiesandmakebillionsofdollarsonit（Facebook和谷歌比任何其他商業(yè)實(shí)體擁有更多關(guān)于我們的數(shù)據(jù)，并從中賺取了數(shù)十億美元），由此句可知，F(xiàn)acebook和谷歌通過用戶隱私盈利，可見他們并沒有那么尊重用戶隱私，因此D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兏静魂P(guān)心客戶的隱私”正確。

第2題:語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文可知，可穿戴設(shè)備、智能家居物聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳感器正在創(chuàng)造更多關(guān)于我們生活的更詳細(xì)、更親密的方面的數(shù)據(jù)。人工智能軟件可以將不同種類的數(shù)據(jù)拼接在一起，繪制出一個(gè)極為精確的個(gè)體形象，由此可以推測(cè)出，我們的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)一步被泄露了，因此B選項(xiàng)“侵害”正確。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為“以下設(shè)備除了之外，正在以更詳細(xì)、更親密的方式創(chuàng)造更多關(guān)于我們生活的數(shù)據(jù)”，本題可采用排除法。根據(jù)第六段第二句中的WearableslikeFitbits,smarthomedeviceslikeNest,connectedcarsandInternetofThingssensorsareallcreatingevermoredataaboutevermoredetailedandintimateaspectsofourlives（Fitbit等可穿戴設(shè)備、Nest等智能家居設(shè)備、聯(lián)網(wǎng)汽車和物聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳感器都在創(chuàng)造越來越多的數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)涉及我們生活中更詳細(xì)、更親密的方面）可排除B、C、D選項(xiàng)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段第二句中的92percentofrespondentswhousetheInternetsaidtheyworryaboutonlineprivacy,yet89percentdonotavoidbusinessestheyfeelarenotrespectingtheirprivacy（92%的上網(wǎng)受訪者說他們擔(dān)心網(wǎng)上隱私，但89%的人不會(huì)回避他們認(rèn)為不尊重自己隱私的業(yè)務(wù)）和第五段ouranxietiesaboutthisstuffarecompletelydisconnectedfromouractions（我們對(duì)這些事情的焦慮與我們的行為完全無關(guān)）可推斷出，雖然人們嘴上說著很注重隱私，但是他們的實(shí)際行動(dòng)卻不是這樣的，因此C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人說他們關(guān)心隱私，但實(shí)際上他們并沒有足夠重視這一點(diǎn)”符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章由庫克拒絕向FBI泄露隱私為開頭，講述了不同公司和個(gè)人對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)隱私保護(hù)的態(tài)度和具體做法，因此A選項(xiàng)“提高隱私保護(hù)意識(shí)”符合題意。B、C選項(xiàng)過于片面，D選項(xiàng)不符合文意，均可排除。

11.翻譯題

Ifyoulookintoadirectoryofsuccessfulpeoplewhoaredoctors,engineersandITprofessionals,thenyouwillnoticethatmanyofthemdreamtobeemployedbypeoplelikeBillGates,whoareprosperousdespitenothavingcollegedegrees.Inotherwords,prosperitydoesnotdependuponacademicqualificationsbutuponopportunitiesprovidedbyentrepreneurswhomaynotbenecessarilybehighlyeducated.Successfulentrepreneursevenbenefitfromnothavingacademicqualifications,becausegoingtocollegeandtakingexaminationsforcespeopletolearnandthinklikemillionsofothergraduates.Thisactuallymakesitlesslikelythattheywillcomeupwiththetrulymould-breakinginsightsand“disruptive”ideasonwhichsuccessfulinnovationsandnewbusinessmodelsarebuilt.

【答案】如果你看一下醫(yī)生、工程師和IT專業(yè)人士等成功人士的名錄，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們中的許多人都?jí)粝胫幌癖葼?蓋茨這樣的盡管沒有大學(xué)學(xué)位，卻很成功的人雇用。換句話說，成功并不取決于學(xué)歷，而是取決于那些不一定受過高等教育的企業(yè)家所提供的機(jī)會(huì)。成功的企業(yè)家甚至從沒有學(xué)歷中受益，因?yàn)樯洗髮W(xué)和參加考試迫使人們像數(shù)百萬其他畢業(yè)生一樣學(xué)習(xí)和思考。這實(shí)際上降低了他們提出真正突破模式的見解和顛覆性想法的可能性，而成功的創(chuàng)新和新的商業(yè)模式正是建立在這些見解和想法之上的。

12.單選題

Thereusedtobeapetrolstationnearthepark,（）?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didn’tit

B.doesn’tthere

C.usedn’tit

D.didn’tthere

【答案】D

【解析】考查反義疑問句。句意：過去在公園附近有個(gè)加油站，是嗎？usedto意為“過去常常”，當(dāng)陳述句謂語部分含有usedto時(shí)，反義疑問句常由usedn’t或didn’t構(gòu)成，如果陳述句是Thereusedtobe…句型，反義疑問句由usedn’t/didn’tthere構(gòu)成，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Ithasbeenknownformanydecadesthattheappearanceofsunspotsisroughlyperiodic,withanaveragecycleofelevenyears.Moreover,theincidenceofsolarflaresandthefluxofsolarcosmicrays,ultravioletradiation,andX-radiationallvarydirectlywiththesunspotcycle.Butaftermorethanacenturyofinvestigation,therelationoftheseandotherphenomena,knowncollectivelyasthesolar-activitycycle,toterrestrialweatherandclimateremainsunclear.Forexample,thesunspotcycleandthealliedmagnetic-polaritycyclehavebeenlinkedtoperiodicitiesdiscernedinrecordsofsuchvariablesasrainfall,temperature,andwinds.Invariably,however,therelationisweak,andcommonlyofdubiousstatisticalsignificance.

Effectsofsolarvariabilityoverlongertermshavealsobeensought.TheabsenceofrecordedsunspotactivityinthenoteskeptbyEuropeanobserversinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturieshasledsomescholarstopostulateabriefcessationofsunspotactivityatthattime(aperiodcalledtheMaunderminimum).TheMaunderminimumhasbeenlinkedtoaspanofunusualcoldinEuropeextendingfromthesixteenthtotheearlynineteenthCenturies.TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.Scientistshavealsosoughtevidenceoflong-termsolarperiodicitiesbyexaminingindirectclimatologicaldata,suchasfossilrecordsofthethicknessofancienttreerings.Thesestudies,however,failedtolinkunequivocallyterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycycleoreventoconfirmthecycle’spastexistence.

Ifconsistantandreliablegeologicalorarchaeologicalandclimatologicalevidencetracingthesolar-activitycycleinthedistantpastcouldbefound,itmightalsoresolveanimportantissueinsolarphysics:howtomodelsolaractivity.Currently,therearetwomodelsofsolaractivity.ThefirstsupposesthattheSun’sinternalmotions(causedbyrotationandconvection)interactwithitslarge-scalemagneticfieldtoproduceadynamo,adeviceinwhichmechanicalenergyisconvertedintotheenergyofamagneticfield.Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdrivesfromwouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.ThealternativeexplanationsupposesthattheSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldisaremnantofthefieldtheSunacquiredwhenitformed,andisnotsustainedagainstdecay.Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.Modemsolarobservationsspantooshortatimetorevealwhetherpresentcyclicalsolar-activityisalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,ormerelyatransientphenomenon.

1.Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwomodelsofsolaractivityisaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,lateseventeenth-andearlyeighteenth-centuryChineserecordsareimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheargumentinfavorofthefirstmodelwouldbestrengthenedifwhichofthefollowingwerefoundtobetrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesconcerningsolaractivityandevaluatinggeologicalevidenceoftencitedtosupportthem

B.givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientificdevelopmentsinsolarphysicsandassessingtheirimpactonfutureclimatologicalresearch

C.discussingthedifficultiesinvolvedinlinkingterrestrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowresolvingthatissuecouldhaveanimpactonourunderstandingofsolarphysics

D.outlinethespecificreasonswhyaprobleminsolarphysicshasnotyetbeensolvedandfaultingtheoverlytheoreticalapproachofmodernphysicists

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Inbothmodelscyclicalsolaractivityisregardedasalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,persistingwithlittlechangeoverbillionsofyears.

B.Tobothmodelsthesolar-activitycycleishypothesizedasbeingdependentonthelarge-scalesolarmagneticfield.

C.ToonemodeltheSun'smagneticfieldisthoughttoplayaroleincausingsolaractivity,whereasintheothermodelitisnot.

D.Inonemodelsolaractivityispresumedtobeunrelatedtoterrestrialphenomena,whereasintheothermodelsolaractivityisthoughttohaveobservableeffectsontheEarth.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheysuggestthatthedataonwhichtheMaunderminimumwaspredicatedwereincorrect.

B.TheysuggestthattheMaunderminimummightbevalidonlyforEurope.

C.Theyestablishtheexistenceofaspanofunusuallycoldweatherworldwideatthetimeofthefounderminimum.

D.TheyestablishthatsolaractivityatthetimeoftheMaunderminimumdidnotsignificantlyvaryfromitspresentpattern.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Episodesofintensevolcaniceruptionsinthedistainpastoccurredincycleshavingverylongperiodicities.

B.Atthepresenttimethegloballevelofthunderstormactivityincreasesanddecreasesincycleswithperiodicitiesofapproximately11years.

C.Inthelastcenturythelengthofthesunspotcyclehasbeenknowntovarybyasmuchas2yearsfromitsaverageperiodicityof11years.

D.Hundredsofmillionsofyearsago,solar-activitycyclesdisplayedthesameperiodicitiesasdopresent-daysolar-activitycycles.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“指出有關(guān)太陽活動(dòng)的兩種相對(duì)的科學(xué)理論并對(duì)其各自的地質(zhì)依據(jù)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)”，B選項(xiàng)“簡(jiǎn)要概述近期科學(xué)在太陽物理學(xué)方面的發(fā)展并且就他們對(duì)未來氣候研究的影響做出評(píng)價(jià)”，C選項(xiàng)“討論將地球上的各種現(xiàn)象與太陽活動(dòng)聯(lián)系起來的困難性并指出問題的解決方法影響著我們對(duì)太陽物理活動(dòng)的理解”，D選項(xiàng)“概述有關(guān)太陽物理的問題之所以一直沒解決的原因并且對(duì)現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)家過度理論化的方法進(jìn)行指責(zé)”，根據(jù)文章大意可以推斷出C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章對(duì)太陽活動(dòng)的兩種模式的介紹主要集中在文章的第三段。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“簡(jiǎn)而言之，太陽大范圍的磁場(chǎng)是自給自足的，因此與之相關(guān)的太陽活動(dòng)周期將會(huì)在幾十億年內(nèi)維持基本不變”可知在第一種模式中，太陽活動(dòng)的周期是與太陽大范圍的磁場(chǎng)相關(guān)的并且太陽活動(dòng)周期是可以長(zhǎng)期維持基本不變的。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.”“在這種模式中，與太陽磁場(chǎng)相關(guān)的太陽機(jī)制變化更快，因此，太陽活動(dòng)周期的特點(diǎn)也會(huì)在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間后有所變化”可知在第二種模式中太陽活動(dòng)的周期也是和太陽磁場(chǎng)相關(guān)的，但是太陽活動(dòng)周期是會(huì)有所變化的。所以A選項(xiàng)‘在這兩個(gè)模型中，周期性的太陽活動(dòng)被認(rèn)為是太陽的一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期特征，在數(shù)十億年的時(shí)間里幾乎沒有變化。’和C選項(xiàng)‘在一個(gè)模型中，太陽磁場(chǎng)被認(rèn)為是導(dǎo)致太陽活動(dòng)的一個(gè)因素，而在另一個(gè)模型中則不是。’表錯(cuò)誤，D選項(xiàng)文章中沒有體現(xiàn)，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.”“太陽活動(dòng)極小期的真實(shí)性還有待考證，特別是中國(guó)當(dāng)時(shí)肉眼觀察到的太陽活動(dòng)的記錄又與其相矛盾”確定A選項(xiàng)‘他們認(rèn)為,蒙德極小期的數(shù)據(jù)是建立不正確的?！项}意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“簡(jiǎn)而言之，太陽大范圍的磁場(chǎng)是自給自足的，因此與之相關(guān)的太陽活動(dòng)周期將會(huì)在幾十億年內(nèi)維持基本不變”確定D選項(xiàng)“數(shù)億年前太陽活動(dòng)的周期性特征和如今太陽活動(dòng)的周期性相同”是對(duì)第一種模式的支持。

14.單選題

Theautomaticdoorsinsupermarkets______theentryandexitofcustomerswithshoppingcarts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.furnish

B.induce

C.facilitate

D.allocate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)furnish“布置家具，提供”；B選項(xiàng)induce“引誘”；C選項(xiàng)facilitate“促進(jìn)，促使，使便利”；D選項(xiàng)allocate“分配，分派”。根據(jù)automaticdoors可知C選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：超市的自動(dòng)門方便購物車顧客進(jìn)出。

15.單選題

Intheeighteenthcentury,Japan’sfeudaloverlords,fromtheshoguntothehumblestsamurai,foundthemselvesunderfinancialstress.Inpart,thisstresscanbeattributedtotheoverlords’failuretoadjusttoarapidlyexpandingeconomy,butthestresswasalsoduetofactorsbeyondtheoverlords’control.Concentrationofthesamuraiincastle-townshadactedasastimulustotrade.Commercialefficiency,inturn,hadputtemptationsinthewayofbuyers.Sincemostsamuraihadbeenreducedtoidlenessbyyearsofpeace,encouragedtoengageinscholarshipandmartialexercisesortoperformadministrativetasksthattooklittletime,itisnotsurprisingthattheirtastesandhabitsgrewexpensive.Overlords’income,despitetheincreaseinriceproductionamongtheirtenantfarmers,failedtokeeppacewiththeirexpenses.Althoughshortfallsinoverlords’incomeresultedalmostasmuchfromlaxityamongtheirtaxcollectors(thenearlyinevitableoutcomeofhereditaryoffice-holding)asfromtheirhigherstandardsofliving,amisfortunelikeafireorflood,bringinganincreaseinexpensesoradropinrevenue,couldputadomainindebttothecity