考研考博-英語-新疆職業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-新疆職業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Howlargeaproportionofthesalesofstoresinornearresortareascanbe______totouristspending?

問題1選項

A.attributed

B.applied

C.contributed

D.attached

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。attributedto“歸因于”；appliedto“應(yīng)用于”；contributedto“有助于”；attachedto“附屬于”。句意：在度假勝地或附近，商店銷售額中有多大的比例可以歸因于旅游消費？選項A符合題意。

2.單選題

Shecookedthemeatforalongtimesoastomakeit______enoughtoeat.

問題1選項

A.mild

B.slight

C.light

D.tender

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。A選項mild“（天氣、情感）溫和的；（味道）清淡的”；B選項slight“輕微的；瘦小的”；C選項light“明亮的；（重量）輕的”；D選項tender“（食物）嫩的”。句意：她把肉煮了很長時間，來讓肉吃起來足夠______。D選項符合題意。因此D選項正確。

3.單選題

Change—ortheabilitytoadaptoneselftoachangingenvironment—isessentialtoevolution.Thefarmerwhoselandisrequiredforhousingorindustrymustadapthimself.Hecanmovetoanotherplaceandmastertheproblemspeculiartoit;hecanchangehisoccupation,perhapsafteraperiodoftraining;orhecanstarvetodeath.Anationwhichcannotadaptitstradeordefenserequirementstomeetworldconditionsfaceseconomicormilitarydisaster.Nothingisfixedandpermanentlystable.Theremustbemovementforward,whichisprogressofasort,ormovementbackward,whichisdecayanddeterioration.

Inthiscontext,traditioncanbeaforceforgoodorforevil.Aslongasitoffersaguide(withoutinsistingthatitspathistheonlyone),ithelpstheignorantandtheuninformedtotakeastepforward,andthereby,toadaptthemselvestochangedcircumstances.Tradition,orcustom,canguidethehunteraseffectivelyasitcaninfluencethenervoushostess.Butifwemakeanidol(偶像、崇拜)oftradition,itceasestobecomeaguideandbecomesanobstaclelyingacrossthepathofchangeandprogress.Ifweinsistontryingtoplotthefuturebythepast,weclearlyhandicapourselvesandinvitefailure.Thebettercourseistoacceptthehelpwhichtraditioncangivebut,realizingthatitnecessarilyhasitsrootsinthepast,tobewellawareofitslimitationsinachangingworld.

1.Theauthormaintainsthatifwewanttogetalongwiththeworld(

).

2.Thefarmer'scaseinPara.1isgivenasanexampleof(

)

.

3.“Thehunterandthenervoushostess”inPara.2arereferringtopeoplewho()

4.Theauthorwarnsusthat（）

5.Thispassagemanlydiscussestherelationshipbetween（）

問題1選項

A.industrymustbedevelopedattheexpenseoffarmland

B.farmersmusttrytogetsomejobtraining

C.tradeanddefenseareessential

D.changeisindispensable

問題2選項

A.thetrendofeconomicdevelopment

B.thecourseofhumanevolution

C.theneedofadaptability

D.theimportanceofsocialchange

問題3選項

A.areignorantanduninformed

B.arewellawareofcustom'slimitations

C.becomeanobstacleonthepathofprogress

D.constitutetheforceforgood

問題4選項

A.itismisleadingtoaccepttraditionasaguide

B.excessivedevotiontotraditionmaybringustroubles

C.wemustaccepttheguidancetraditionoffersus

D.traditionisobstaclelyingonthepathofchange

問題5選項

A.industryandagriculture

B.eviltraditionandgoodtradition

C.manandthechangingworld

D.traditionandchange

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的尾句可知,作者一直在強(qiáng)調(diào)change。所以選項D改變是必不可少的為正確答案。選項A和C在文章中沒有提及,選項D包含了選項B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第一段農(nóng)民的例子是為了說明“Thefarmerwhoselandisrequiredforhousingorindustrymustadapthimself.”所以選項C正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“ithelpstheignorantandtheuninformedtotakeastepforward,andthereby,toadaptthemselvestochangedcircumstances.”所以選A符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容作者認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)有好也有壞,所以選項A和D錯誤,選項C中must太絕對,并不是所有傳統(tǒng)的向?qū)Ф际钦_的。選項B過度的推崇傳統(tǒng)可能會給我們帶來麻煩,所以選項B正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段主要是講change,第二段主要是講tradition,所以文章主要討論的是傳統(tǒng)和變革的關(guān)系。

4.單選題

Marlinisayoungmanofindependentthinkingwhoisnotabout________complimentstohispoliticalleaders.

問題1選項

A.paying

B.havingpaid

C.topay

D.tohavepaid

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：馬林是一個有獨立思考能力的年輕人，他對他的政治領(lǐng)袖阿諛奉承。根據(jù)固定搭配“beabouttodo”，排除A，B選項。句子中的時態(tài)用的是現(xiàn)在時，所以后面的句子沒有必要用完成時。

5.單選題

Theworkers'demandare（

）;theyareaskingforonlyasmallincreaseintheirwages.

問題1選項

A.complicated

B.moderate

C.abnormal

D.commercial

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。complicated“復(fù)雜的”；moderate“適度的”；abnormal“不正常的”；commercial“商業(yè)的”。句意：工人們提出了適度的要求：漲一點工資。由后半句的“onlyasmallincrease…”可知這種要求是適度的。B項符合題意，答案B

6.寫作題

PeopleallovertheworldspendtimesurfingtheInternet.Sometimes,surfingtheInternethasreplacedmoreactivepastimessuchassportsorvisitingwithfriends.

Writeacompositionofnolessthan250wordsanddiscuss,whetherlifeonInternethashadagoodorbadeffectonpeople'sdailylife.

Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutline:.

Goodeffect.

Badeffect.

Conclusion.

【答案】TheInternetandItsEffectsonPeoplesDailyLife

Throughoutthe20th

century,asoneofthemostadvancedinnovationsilltheareaofinformationtechnology,Internethasexertedanextremelyimportantinfluenceonpeople’sproductionandsocialactivities.Inrecentyears,we’rewitnessedarapidgrowthinthepopularityofInternetandwemaysay,wehavealreadyenteredtheInternetera.Whether,however,lifeonInternethasagoodorbadeffectonpeople’sdailylife?Admittedly,therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.

Definitely,itsconvenienceandpracticalityareofgreatsignificanceforus.Firstly,itisInternetthatmakesitpossibleforpeopletoadapttotherapiddevelopmentofhigh-techsocietyandtobeprovidedwiththeavailabilityofknowledgeandinformationfromallovertheworld.Withitsrichnessofinformation,theInternetprovideduswithchancestoknowabouttheworldandtoexpandourhorizonwithoutleavinghome.Inaddition,theinternetconnectsthecomputersaroundtheworld,andpeoplecantalkwithandseeeachothereasilyandcheaply,evenacrosstheocean.Moreover,manyhospitalsandtrainstationshaveopenedtheirownticketbookingsystemstoreducethelengthofthequeuebeforetheirown’storeduce.

However,Internetisalsolikeadouble-edgedsword.Atfirst,inthesparetime,PeopleprefertosurftheInternetallthedayratherthandosomeoutdooractivitieswiththeirfriends,suchashavingapicnicorplayingfootball.Itmaybeadangeroussignalthatlesscommunicationinactuallifeisbringingaboutcoldnessofinterpersonalrelationships.Besides,therearesomebadguyswhomaytakeadvantageoftheinternettodosomethingbad,suchasspreadingpornmaterialstothechildren,abductingnaivegirlsthroughonlinechattingrooms,andmakingschoolageboys’addicttotheonlinegames.

Inconclusion,Internetisthetrendinourdailylife.WecanbenefitmostfromitonlyifwetakegoodadvantagesofInternetandtrytobecarefulenoughtokeepthepotentialbadeffectsaway.

7.單選題

Themotherwas（）withgriefwhensheheardthatherchildwasdead.

問題1選項

A.fantastic

B.frank

C.frantic

D.frenzy

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。fantastic“奇異的；古怪的”；frank“坦白的，直率的”；frantic“狂亂的，瘋狂的”；frenzy“狂暴；狂怒”。句意：當(dāng)那位母親得知她的孩子死了，悲痛到瘋了。Befranticwith“因……而瘋狂”。選項C符合題意。

8.填空題

Englishasanofficiallanguagehasgainedmomentumasproponentskeepgoingtotheballotboxwithmeasuresthatdiscouragebilingualballots,noticesanddocuments.Thirtystalesnowhave（1）specifyingthatofficialgovernmentcommunicationsbeinEnglish,saysU.S.English,agroup（2）promotesthelaws.Thisyearsuchbillsareunder（3）in19legislatures."It'smultiplyingtremendously,"saysMauroMujica,aChileanimmigrantandchairmanandCEOofU.S.English."We'vemade（4）progress."

Criticsdonotseeprogress.Somesaytheincreaseinthemeasuresnationwidesendsahostile（5）tonewcomers."Itjustpoisonstheatmosphereinlocalcommunities,"saysJohnTrasvina,（6）andgeneralcounseloftheMexicanAmericanLegalDefenseandEducationalFund.Typicallytheproposedlaws（7）thatdocuments,ballotsandothercommunicationsbepublishedinEnglish.Exemptionsarecommunicationstoprotect（8）healthandsafetyoreffortstopromotetourism.

AdvocatessaytheyarenotsuggestingthatEnglishbetheonlylanguage（9）butthatitbetheonlylanguageusedindealingwithgovernment.Mujica,whospeaksSpanishinhishome,saysrequiringEnglishforofficialbusinessencourages,（10）tolearnEnglish.Thatwillhelpthemtoassimilate（11）U.S.societyandprosperinitseconomy,hesays."We'remakingittooeasyforpeopletofunctioninotherlanguages,"hecomplains.

Buttheeffectivenessofthemovementisinquestionsincefederalsometimestrumpsastate'sofficialEnglishlaw.For（12）,theVotingRightsActrequirescertainlocalitiestopublishbilingualballots.“They'veraisedthelevelofanger（13）languagesotherthanEnglish,(but)haven'treallychangedthegovernment'sorbusinesses'wayofdoing（14），”

Trasvinasaid.RobToonkel,spokesmanforU.S.English,saysthatisnottrue.Hesaysthelawsdonotcovereverything（15）ensurethatthingslikedriver'slicenses,zoningformsandtheday-to-dayactivitiesareoverwhelminglyinEnglish.

【答案】1.laws

2.that

3.consideration

4.huge

5.message

6.president

7.require

8.public

9.spoken

10.immigrants

11.into

12.instance

13.against

14.business

15.but

【解析】1.通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此處應(yīng)填入名詞。結(jié)合本句翻譯：目前三十個州……規(guī)定英語為政府官方語言。因此推斷出所填入的名詞是laws，標(biāo)示……法律規(guī)定……

2.通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知：“agroup

promotesthelaws”這部分為U.S.English的同位語，其中“

promotesthelaws”為定語從句修飾agroup，故此處需填入引導(dǎo)詞that。

3.固定搭配。underconsideration“在考慮之中的”。

4.聯(lián)系上文含義。上文中“It'smultiplyingtremendously”的中文含義為：其正以驚人的速度成倍增加。推斷出所填入的詞為huge。

5.固定搭配。sendamessageto…“向……傳遞信息”。

6.通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知26andgeneralcounseloftheMexicanAmericanLegalDefenseandEducationalFund為JohnTrasvina的同位語。generalcounsel意為總顧問，由此可以推斷出此處也應(yīng)填入表示職位的名詞。因此答案為president。

7.分析句子Typicallytheproposedlaws__thatdocuments,ballotsandothercommunicationsbepublishedinEnglish.得出這里是虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的應(yīng)用：“bepublishedinEnglish”在此處省略了should。由此可以推斷所填入的詞是一個表示“命令、要求、建議等語氣”的動詞，因此答案為require。

8.固定搭配。publichealthandsafety意為公共衛(wèi)生安全。

9.分析句子...thatEnglishbetheonlylanguage

butthatitbetheonlylanguageusedindealingwithgovernment結(jié)構(gòu)可知：thatitbetheonlylanguageusedindealingwithgovernment為賓語從句。因此應(yīng)填入的詞與賓語從句中的used是對應(yīng)關(guān)系，因此填入spoken。

10.聯(lián)系上下文可以推斷出此處指的是“鼓勵外來移民學(xué)習(xí)英語”，故所填入的詞是immigrants。

11.固定搭配。assimilateinto意為“使同化，（使）逐漸'混合于（某—更大的群體）”。

12.固定搭配。Forinstance“例如”。

13.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知：“33languagesotherthanEnglish”做后置定語修飾anger。anger通常與介詞against搭配使用，故此處應(yīng)填入against。

14.固定搭配。wayofdoingbusiness意為“經(jīng)營方式”。

15.句子Hesaysthelawsdonotcovereverything

ensurethatthingslikedriver'slicenses,zoningformsandtheday-to-dayactivitiesareoverwhelminglyinEnglish.的中文翻譯為：他說，這些法律并沒有涵蓋所有內(nèi)容，

確保了像駕駛執(zhí)照、分區(qū)表和日?；顒佣际怯糜⒄Z書寫的?？芍渥尤鄙俦硎巨D(zhuǎn)折的詞，因此填入but。

9.單選題

One’sattitudetowardsjobhuntingwouldbe（）tohisprospects.

問題1選項

A.critical

B.critic

C.crucial

D.criticized

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項critical“批評的，愛挑剔的；危險的；決定性的”；B選項critic“批評家，評論家；愛挑剔的人”；C選項crucial“重要的；決定性的；定局的；決斷的”；D選項criticize“批評；評論；非難”。句意：一個人對找工作的態(tài)度對他的發(fā)展前景是重要的。故C正確。

10.不定項選擇題

WouldyoustopbuyingApple’sproductsifitdecidedtohelptheFBIopenaterroristsiPhone?Ithoughtnot.

WhichistosaythatAppleCEOTimCook,inhisrefusaltohelptheFBIbreakintoiphones,isaheadofmostofthepopulation.Butmaybenotallthatfarahead.Hisverypublicstancemighteventurnouttobethesmartestthinghe’sdoneforApplesincebecomingCEO.

Weallgiveourprivacyawayeveryday,constantly,toapanoplyofentities.IactuallysnortedalaughwhenFacebookandGoogleproclaimedtheirsupportforCook’sposition.FacebookandGooglehordemoredataaboutusthananyothercommercialentitiesandmakebillionsofdollarsonit.Remember,theirproductsarefree;theircorebusinessissellingthedetailsofourlivestoadvertisers.

Atthemoment,whenmostconsumerssaythey’reconcernedaboutprivacy,they’rekiddingthemselves.ArecentsurveybyTRUSTeandtheNationalCyberSecurityAlliancefoundthat92percentofrespondentswhousetheInternetsaidtheyworryaboutonlineprivacy,yet89percentdonotavoidbusinessestheyfeelarenotrespectingtheirprivacy.

Inotherwords,ouranxietiesaboutthisstuffarecompletelydisconnectedfromouractions.

Andencroachmentsonourprivacyareonlygoingtogetworse.WearableslikeFitbits,smarthomedeviceslikeNest,connectedcarsandInternetofThingssensorsareallcreatingevermoredataaboutevermoredetailedandintimateaspectsofourlives.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecanstitchtogetherdifferentkindsofdatatopaintaridiculouslyaccuratepictureofanindividual.

Inmanyways,wewelcomethis—thebettertechnologyknowsus,thebetteritcanserveus.Butatwhatpointdoestheexploitationofourdetailsturnfromconvenienceintoinvasion?Anddon’twewantcontrolofthatknobtounderstandanddecidewhatwe’reagreeingtoshare?

Cookismakingusthinkaboutallthatnow.Domostpeoplecaremuchaboutthisonecase,thisonephone?Notlikely.Butthisfightismakingusrealizethatweneedtomakesomedecisions,individuallyandasasociety,aboutdigitalprivacybeforeitgetsawayfromus.AcynicmightsayApplecanaffordtotakethisstandbecauseitdoesn’trelyonsellingadvertisingasabusinessmodel.Buteverycompanyshouldtakethepublic’sinterestinApple’sdecisiontoheart.Privacyisrisingtoanewlevelofawareness.

Apple,sooftenontheforefront,seemstoknowthis.TheFBIsaidCook’sstandisamarketingploy.InCook’slettertocustomers,hesnorted,“Absolutelynot.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.”Headded,“Thisisandalwayshasbeenaboutourcustomers.Wefeelstronglythatifweweretodowhatthegovernmenthasaskedofus-tocreateabackdoortoourproducts—notonlyisitunlawfulbutitputsthevastmajorityofgoodandlaw—abidingcitizens,whorelyoniphonetoprotecttheirmostpersonalandimportantdata,atrisk.”

So,really,Cooks’positionmaynotbeaploy.Itcouldturnouttobebrilliantmarketing.

1.WhydidtheauthorsnortalaughwhenFacebookandGoogleproclaimedtheirsupportforCook’sposition?

2.Whatdoestheword“encroachment”inparagraph6mean?

3.ThefollowingdevicesarecreatingmoredataaboutourlivesinamoredetailedandintimatewayEXCEPT（）.

4.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

問題1選項

A.Becausetheydidn’tagreewithCookfromthebottomoftheirhearts.

B.Becausetheypossessedmoreinformationaboutusthananyothercommercialentities.

C.BecausetheymadebillionsofdollarsbysupportingApple.

D.Becausetheydidn’tcareabouttheirclientsprivacyatall.

問題2選項

A.protection

B.violation

C.promotion

D.exploitation

問題3選項

A.Truste

B.InternetofThingssensors

C.WearableslikeFitbits

D.SmarthomedeviceslikeNest

問題4選項

A.Cook’srefusalisregardedasameretacticbythegeneralpublic.

B.Allcompaniesthatprovidefreeproductsaresellingdetailsofourlivestoadvertisers.

C.Mostpeoplesaytheyareconcernedabouttheirprivacybutactuallytheyfailtopaymuchattentiontoit.

D.EverycompanyshouldlearnfromApples’businessmodels.

問題5選項

A.Awarenessofprivacyprotectionshouldbepromoted

B.WhetherCook’srefusalisjustaploy

C.ThebattlebetweenFBIandApple

D.HowTimCookaimstoprofitfromprotectingprivacy

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。由上文可知，庫克拒絕泄露用戶隱私，那么為什么當(dāng)Facebook和谷歌宣布支持庫克的立場時，作者嗤之以鼻呢？答案在第三段第三句FacebookandGooglehordemoredataaboutusthananyothercommercialentitiesandmakebillionsofdollarsonit（Facebook和谷歌比任何其他商業(yè)實體擁有更多關(guān)于我們的數(shù)據(jù)，并從中賺取了數(shù)十億美元），由此句可知，F(xiàn)acebook和谷歌通過用戶隱私盈利，可見他們并沒有那么尊重用戶隱私，因此D選項“因為他們根本不關(guān)心客戶的隱私”正確。

第2題:語義推測題。根據(jù)下文可知，可穿戴設(shè)備、智能家居物聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳感器正在創(chuàng)造更多關(guān)于我們生活的更詳細(xì)、更親密的方面的數(shù)據(jù)。人工智能軟件可以將不同種類的數(shù)據(jù)拼接在一起，繪制出一個極為精確的個體形象，由此可以推測出，我們的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)一步被泄露了，因此B選項“侵害”正確。

第3題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為“以下設(shè)備除了之外，正在以更詳細(xì)、更親密的方式創(chuàng)造更多關(guān)于我們生活的數(shù)據(jù)”，本題可采用排除法。根據(jù)第六段第二句中的WearableslikeFitbits,smarthomedeviceslikeNest,connectedcarsandInternetofThingssensorsareallcreatingevermoredataaboutevermoredetailedandintimateaspectsofourlives（Fitbit等可穿戴設(shè)備、Nest等智能家居設(shè)備、聯(lián)網(wǎng)汽車和物聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳感器都在創(chuàng)造越來越多的數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)涉及我們生活中更詳細(xì)、更親密的方面）可排除B、C、D選項，因此A選項正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段第二句中的92percentofrespondentswhousetheInternetsaidtheyworryaboutonlineprivacy,yet89percentdonotavoidbusinessestheyfeelarenotrespectingtheirprivacy（92%的上網(wǎng)受訪者說他們擔(dān)心網(wǎng)上隱私，但89%的人不會回避他們認(rèn)為不尊重自己隱私的業(yè)務(wù)）和第五段ouranxietiesaboutthisstuffarecompletelydisconnectedfromouractions（我們對這些事情的焦慮與我們的行為完全無關(guān)）可推斷出，雖然人們嘴上說著很注重隱私，但是他們的實際行動卻不是這樣的，因此C選項“大多數(shù)人說他們關(guān)心隱私，但實際上他們并沒有足夠重視這一點”符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章由庫克拒絕向FBI泄露隱私為開頭，講述了不同公司和個人對數(shù)據(jù)隱私保護(hù)的態(tài)度和具體做法，因此A選項“提高隱私保護(hù)意識”符合題意。B、C選項過于片面，D選項不符合文意，均可排除。

11.翻譯題

Ifyoulookintoadirectoryofsuccessfulpeoplewhoaredoctors,engineersandITprofessionals,thenyouwillnoticethatmanyofthemdreamtobeemployedbypeoplelikeBillGates,whoareprosperousdespitenothavingcollegedegrees.Inotherwords,prosperitydoesnotdependuponacademicqualificationsbutuponopportunitiesprovidedbyentrepreneurswhomaynotbenecessarilybehighlyeducated.Successfulentrepreneursevenbenefitfromnothavingacademicqualifications,becausegoingtocollegeandtakingexaminationsforcespeopletolearnandthinklikemillionsofothergraduates.Thisactuallymakesitlesslikelythattheywillcomeupwiththetrulymould-breakinginsightsand“disruptive”ideasonwhichsuccessfulinnovationsandnewbusinessmodelsarebuilt.

【答案】如果你看一下醫(yī)生、工程師和IT專業(yè)人士等成功人士的名錄，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)他們中的許多人都夢想著被像比爾?蓋茨這樣的盡管沒有大學(xué)學(xué)位，卻很成功的人雇用。換句話說，成功并不取決于學(xué)歷，而是取決于那些不一定受過高等教育的企業(yè)家所提供的機(jī)會。成功的企業(yè)家甚至從沒有學(xué)歷中受益，因為上大學(xué)和參加考試迫使人們像數(shù)百萬其他畢業(yè)生一樣學(xué)習(xí)和思考。這實際上降低了他們提出真正突破模式的見解和顛覆性想法的可能性，而成功的創(chuàng)新和新的商業(yè)模式正是建立在這些見解和想法之上的。

12.單選題

Thereusedtobeapetrolstationnearthepark,（）?

問題1選項

A.didn’tit

B.doesn’tthere

C.usedn’tit

D.didn’tthere

【答案】D

【解析】考查反義疑問句。句意：過去在公園附近有個加油站，是嗎？usedto意為“過去常常”，當(dāng)陳述句謂語部分含有usedto時，反義疑問句常由usedn’t或didn’t構(gòu)成，如果陳述句是Thereusedtobe…句型，反義疑問句由usedn’t/didn’tthere構(gòu)成，因此D選項正確。

13.單選題

Ithasbeenknownformanydecadesthattheappearanceofsunspotsisroughlyperiodic,withanaveragecycleofelevenyears.Moreover,theincidenceofsolarflaresandthefluxofsolarcosmicrays,ultravioletradiation,andX-radiationallvarydirectlywiththesunspotcycle.Butaftermorethanacenturyofinvestigation,therelationoftheseandotherphenomena,knowncollectivelyasthesolar-activitycycle,toterrestrialweatherandclimateremainsunclear.Forexample,thesunspotcycleandthealliedmagnetic-polaritycyclehavebeenlinkedtoperiodicitiesdiscernedinrecordsofsuchvariablesasrainfall,temperature,andwinds.Invariably,however,therelationisweak,andcommonlyofdubiousstatisticalsignificance.

Effectsofsolarvariabilityoverlongertermshavealsobeensought.TheabsenceofrecordedsunspotactivityinthenoteskeptbyEuropeanobserversinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturieshasledsomescholarstopostulateabriefcessationofsunspotactivityatthattime(aperiodcalledtheMaunderminimum).TheMaunderminimumhasbeenlinkedtoaspanofunusualcoldinEuropeextendingfromthesixteenthtotheearlynineteenthCenturies.TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.Scientistshavealsosoughtevidenceoflong-termsolarperiodicitiesbyexaminingindirectclimatologicaldata,suchasfossilrecordsofthethicknessofancienttreerings.Thesestudies,however,failedtolinkunequivocallyterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycycleoreventoconfirmthecycle’spastexistence.

Ifconsistantandreliablegeologicalorarchaeologicalandclimatologicalevidencetracingthesolar-activitycycleinthedistantpastcouldbefound,itmightalsoresolveanimportantissueinsolarphysics:howtomodelsolaractivity.Currently,therearetwomodelsofsolaractivity.ThefirstsupposesthattheSun’sinternalmotions(causedbyrotationandconvection)interactwithitslarge-scalemagneticfieldtoproduceadynamo,adeviceinwhichmechanicalenergyisconvertedintotheenergyofamagneticfield.Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdrivesfromwouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.ThealternativeexplanationsupposesthattheSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldisaremnantofthefieldtheSunacquiredwhenitformed,andisnotsustainedagainstdecay.Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.Modemsolarobservationsspantooshortatimetorevealwhetherpresentcyclicalsolar-activityisalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,ormerelyatransientphenomenon.

1.Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwomodelsofsolaractivityisaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,lateseventeenth-andearlyeighteenth-centuryChineserecordsareimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheargumentinfavorofthefirstmodelwouldbestrengthenedifwhichofthefollowingwerefoundtobetrue?

問題1選項

A.presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesconcerningsolaractivityandevaluatinggeologicalevidenceoftencitedtosupportthem

B.givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientificdevelopmentsinsolarphysicsandassessingtheirimpactonfutureclimatologicalresearch

C.discussingthedifficultiesinvolvedinlinkingterrestrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowresolvingthatissuecouldhaveanimpactonourunderstandingofsolarphysics

D.outlinethespecificreasonswhyaprobleminsolarphysicshasnotyetbeensolvedandfaultingtheoverlytheoreticalapproachofmodernphysicists

問題2選項

A.Inbothmodelscyclicalsolaractivityisregardedasalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,persistingwithlittlechangeoverbillionsofyears.

B.Tobothmodelsthesolar-activitycycleishypothesizedasbeingdependentonthelarge-scalesolarmagneticfield.

C.ToonemodeltheSun'smagneticfieldisthoughttoplayaroleincausingsolaractivity,whereasintheothermodelitisnot.

D.Inonemodelsolaractivityispresumedtobeunrelatedtoterrestrialphenomena,whereasintheothermodelsolaractivityisthoughttohaveobservableeffectsontheEarth.

問題3選項

A.TheysuggestthatthedataonwhichtheMaunderminimumwaspredicatedwereincorrect.

B.TheysuggestthattheMaunderminimummightbevalidonlyforEurope.

C.Theyestablishtheexistenceofaspanofunusuallycoldweatherworldwideatthetimeofthefounderminimum.

D.TheyestablishthatsolaractivityatthetimeoftheMaunderminimumdidnotsignificantlyvaryfromitspresentpattern.

問題4選項

A.Episodesofintensevolcaniceruptionsinthedistainpastoccurredincycleshavingverylongperiodicities.

B.Atthepresenttimethegloballevelofthunderstormactivityincreasesanddecreasesincycleswithperiodicitiesofapproximately11years.

C.Inthelastcenturythelengthofthesunspotcyclehasbeenknowntovarybyasmuchas2yearsfromitsaverageperiodicityof11years.

D.Hundredsofmillionsofyearsago,solar-activitycyclesdisplayedthesameperiodicitiesasdopresent-daysolar-activitycycles.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。A選項“指出有關(guān)太陽活動的兩種相對的科學(xué)理論并對其各自的地質(zhì)依據(jù)進(jìn)行評價”，B選項“簡要概述近期科學(xué)在太陽物理學(xué)方面的發(fā)展并且就他們對未來氣候研究的影響做出評價”，C選項“討論將地球上的各種現(xiàn)象與太陽活動聯(lián)系起來的困難性并指出問題的解決方法影響著我們對太陽物理活動的理解”，D選項“概述有關(guān)太陽物理的問題之所以一直沒解決的原因并且對現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)家過度理論化的方法進(jìn)行指責(zé)”，根據(jù)文章大意可以推斷出C選項符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章對太陽活動的兩種模式的介紹主要集中在文章的第三段。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“簡而言之，太陽大范圍的磁場是自給自足的，因此與之相關(guān)的太陽活動周期將會在幾十億年內(nèi)維持基本不變”可知在第一種模式中，太陽活動的周期是與太陽大范圍的磁場相關(guān)的并且太陽活動周期是可以長期維持基本不變的。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.”“在這種模式中，與太陽磁場相關(guān)的太陽機(jī)制變化更快，因此，太陽活動周期的特點也會在很長一段時間后有所變化”可知在第二種模式中太陽活動的周期也是和太陽磁場相關(guān)的，但是太陽活動周期是會有所變化的。所以A選項‘在這兩個模型中，周期性的太陽活動被認(rèn)為是太陽的一個長期特征，在數(shù)十億年的時間里幾乎沒有變化?！虲選項‘在一個模型中，太陽磁場被認(rèn)為是導(dǎo)致太陽活動的一個因素，而在另一個模型中則不是?！礤e誤，D選項文章中沒有體現(xiàn)，所以B選項正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.”“太陽活動極小期的真實性還有待考證，特別是中國當(dāng)時肉眼觀察到的太陽活動的記錄又與其相矛盾”確定A選項‘他們認(rèn)為,蒙德極小期的數(shù)據(jù)是建立不正確的?！项}意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“簡而言之，太陽大范圍的磁場是自給自足的，因此與之相關(guān)的太陽活動周期將會在幾十億年內(nèi)維持基本不變”確定D選項“數(shù)億年前太陽活動的周期性特征和如今太陽活動的周期性相同”是對第一種模式的支持。

14.單選題

Theautomaticdoorsinsupermarkets______theentryandexitofcustomerswithshoppingcarts.

問題1選項

A.furnish

B.induce

C.facilitate

D.allocate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項furnish“布置家具，提供”；B選項induce“引誘”；C選項facilitate“促進(jìn)，促使，使便利”；D選項allocate“分配，分派”。根據(jù)automaticdoors可知C選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：超市的自動門方便購物車顧客進(jìn)出。

15.單選題

Intheeighteenthcentury,Japan’sfeudaloverlords,fromtheshoguntothehumblestsamurai,foundthemselvesunderfinancialstress.Inpart,thisstresscanbeattributedtotheoverlords’failuretoadjusttoarapidlyexpandingeconomy,butthestresswasalsoduetofactorsbeyondtheoverlords’control.Concentrationofthesamuraiincastle-townshadactedasastimulustotrade.Commercialefficiency,inturn,hadputtemptationsinthewayofbuyers.Sincemostsamuraihadbeenreducedtoidlenessbyyearsofpeace,encouragedtoengageinscholarshipandmartialexercisesortoperformadministrativetasksthattooklittletime,itisnotsurprisingthattheirtastesandhabitsgrewexpensive.Overlords’income,despitetheincreaseinriceproductionamongtheirtenantfarmers,failedtokeeppacewiththeirexpenses.Althoughshortfallsinoverlords’incomeresultedalmostasmuchfromlaxityamongtheirtaxcollectors(thenearlyinevitableoutcomeofhereditaryoffice-holding)asfromtheirhigherstandardsofliving,amisfortunelikeafireorflood,bringinganincreaseinexpensesoradropinrevenue,couldputadomainindebttothecity