考研考博-英語-北海職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北海職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theautomobile'sexhaustsystem（

）foul-smellingfumes.

問題1選項

A.Attracted

B.condensed

C.absorbed

D.emitted

【答案】D

【解析】attract吸引，引起；condense濃縮，凝結(jié)；absorb吸收，使……全神貫注；emit發(fā)出，排放，放射。句意：汽車的排氣系統(tǒng)排放出難聞的廢氣。選項D符合句意。

2.單選題

Onthewindingpaths（）footprintsofsomestrangeanimals.

問題1選項

A.werefoundtobe

B.foundtobe

C.weretobefound

D.werefinding.

【答案】C

【解析】考查倒裝用法。當(dāng)表位置的地點狀語放在句首時，句子要用全部倒裝。該句主語footprints與found之間是被動關(guān)系，故用tobefound,C項正確。句意：在蜿蜒的小路上有許多奇怪動物的腳印。

3.單選題

Sleepisafunnything.We’retaughtthatweshouldgetsevenoreighthoursanight,butalotofusgetbyjustfineonless,andsomeofusactuallysleeptoomuch.AstudyoutoftheUniversityofBuffalolastmonthreportedthatpeoplewhoroutinelysleepmorethaneighthoursadayandarestilltiredarenearlythreetimesaslikelytodieofstroke—probablyasaresultofanunderlyingdisorderthatkeepsthemfromsnoozing(睡)soundly.

Doctorshavetheirownspecialsleepproblems.Residents(住院醫(yī)生)arefamouslysleepdeprived.WhenIwastrainingtobecomeadoctor,itwasnotunusualtowork40hoursinarowwithoutrest.Mostofustookitinstride,confidentwecouldstilldeliverthehighestqualityofmedicalcare.Maybeweshouldn’thavebeensosureofourselves.AnarticleintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationpointsoutthatinthemorningafter24hoursofsleeplessness,aperson’smotorperformanceiscomparabletothatofsomeonewhoislegallyintoxicated.Curiously,surgeonswhobelievethatoperatingundertheinfluenceisgroundsfordismissaloftendon’tthinktwiceaboutoperatingwithoutenoughsleep.

“Icouldtellyouhorrorstories,”saysJayaAgrawal,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalStudentAssociation,whichrunsawebsitewhereresidentscanpostanonymousanecdotes.Someareterrifying.“Iwasoperatingafterbeingupforover36hours,”onewrites.“Iliterallyfellasleepstandingupandnearlyfaceplantedintothewound.

“PracticallyeverysurgicalresidentIknowhasfallenasleepatthewheeldrivinghomefromwork,”writesanother.“Iknowofthreewhohavehitparkedcars.Anotherhitaconveniencestoreontheroadside.”“Yourownpatientshavebecometheenemy,”writesathird,becausetheyare“theonethingthatstandsbetweenyouandafewhoursofsleep”.

Agrawal’sorganizationissupportingthePatientandPhysicianSafetyandProtectionActof2001,introducedlastNovemberbyRepresentativeJohnConyersJr.ofMichigan.Itskeyprovisions,modeledonNewYorkState’sregulations,includean80-hourworkweekanda24-hourwork-shiftlimit.Mostdoctors,however,resistsuchinterference.Dr.CharlesBinkley,aseniorsurgeryresidentattheUniversityofMichigan,agreesthatsomethingneedstobedonebutbelieves“doctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconscience,notbythegovernment”.

TheU.S.controlsthehoursofpilotsandtruckdrivers.Butuntilsuchasystemisinplacefordoctors,patientsareontheirown.Ifyou’reworriedaboutthepeopletreatingyouoralovedoneyoushouldfeelfreetoaskhowmanyhoursofsleeptheyhavehadandifmore-restedstaffersareavailable.Doctors,fortheirpart,havetogiveuptheirposeofinfallibility(不出錯)andgettheresttheyneed.

1.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?

2.Whatdoestheauthorimplyspeakingofthesleepproblemsthatdoctorsface?

3.WhatistheauthorspurposeofwritingParagraphs3and4?

4.WhatdoesDr.CharlesBinkleymeanby“doctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconscience,notbythegovernment”inParagraph5?

5.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

問題1選項

A.Strokeisoftenassociatedwithsleep.

B.Toomuchsleepcanbeasharmfulaslackofsleep.

C.Peoplewhosleeplessthan8hoursadayaremorepronetoillness.

D.Poorsleepqualitymaybeasignofphysicaldisorder.

問題2選項

A.Doctorstendtoneglecttheirownsleepproblems.

B.Doctorsoftenneedlittlesleeptokeepthemenergetic.

C.Doctors’sleepisdeprivedbyresidents.

D.Sleepdepriveddoctorsareintoxicated.

問題3選項

A.Toshowthehostilitydoctorshaveagainsttheirpatients.

B.Toexemplifythedangerdoctorsfacecausedbylackofsleep.

C.Toentertaintheaudiencewithsomeanecdotes.

D.Todiscussthecauseofdoctors’sleepproblems.

問題4選項

A.Theregulationsaboutworkweekandworkshiftaretoospecific.

B.Lawcannotforceadoctortosleepwhilehisconsciencecan.

C.Doctorsshouldnotabidebygovernment’sregulations.

D.Thegovernmentisinterferingtoomuch.

問題5選項

A.Patientsarefacingmorerisksiftheirdoctorsarenotadequately-rested.

B.Peopleconcernedhavetherighttoremovetheirdoctorsfromtheirpositions.

C.Pilotsandtruckdriversworkinsaferenvironmentsthanthatofdoctors.

D.Patientscanchoosethesleepinghoursoftheirdoctors.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句peoplewhoroutinelysleepmorethaneighthoursadayandarestilltiredarenearlythreetimesaslikelytodieofstroke—probablyasaresultofanunderlyingdisorderthatkeepsthemfromsnoozingsoundly.（那些每天睡眠時間超過8小時但仍然感到疲勞的人死于中風(fēng)的可能性是正常人的近三倍，這可能是由于一種潛在的疾病使他們無法睡得安穩(wěn)所致。），可知睡得足夠久卻疲憊的人可能是因為患有疾病，D選項“睡眠質(zhì)量差可能是身體紊亂的跡象”正確；這里沒有說到中風(fēng)和睡眠的關(guān)系，A選項“中風(fēng)常與睡眠有關(guān)”錯誤；這里沒有說到睡眠過多的危害，B選項“睡眠過多和睡眠不足一樣有害”錯誤；文中沒有說到睡眠少就容易生病，C選項“每天睡眠少于8小時的人更容易生病”錯誤。因此D選項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者提出住院醫(yī)生睡眠不足的問題，然后對醫(yī)生在睡眠不足的情況下提供的服務(wù)質(zhì)量提出質(zhì)疑，最后一句說Curiously,surgeonswhobelievethatoperatingundertheinfluenceisgroundsfordismissaloftendon’tthinktwiceaboutoperatingwithoutenoughsleep.（奇怪的是，那些認(rèn)為在酒精影響下進(jìn)行手術(shù)就可以被解雇的外科醫(yī)生對于在睡眠不足的情況下進(jìn)行手術(shù)往往毫不猶豫。），可知作者認(rèn)為睡眠不足和醉酒沒什么兩樣，D選項“睡眠不足的醫(yī)生像喝醉了一樣”正確；沒有提到醫(yī)生對自己睡眠不足這個情況的態(tài)度，A選項“醫(yī)生往往忽視他們自己的睡眠問題”錯誤；醫(yī)生不能醉酒做手術(shù)，而睡眠不足如同醉酒，所以醫(yī)生也需要充足的睡眠，B選項“醫(yī)生通常需要很少的睡眠來保持精力充沛”錯誤。這一段主要在表達(dá)醫(yī)生睡眠不足會影響服務(wù)質(zhì)量，并且明確表示住院醫(yī)生睡眠被剝奪，不符合題干中“第一段暗含什么”的條件，也不是表達(dá)的主要內(nèi)容，C選項“住院醫(yī)生的睡眠被剝奪”錯誤。因此A選項正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者列出了睡眠不足對醫(yī)生的影響，比如第三段的最后一句Iliterallyfellasleepstandingupandnearlyfaceplantedintothewound.（我真的是站著睡著了，臉差點被埋在傷口里。）和第四段PracticallyeverysurgicalresidentIknowhasfallenasleepatthewheeldrivinghomefromwork…Iknowofthreewhohavehitparkedcars.Anotherhitaconveniencestoreontheroadside.（幾乎我認(rèn)識的每個外科住院醫(yī)生都在下班回家的路上睡著了……我知道有三個人撞到了停著的車。另一輛撞到了路邊的一家便利店。），最后總結(jié)說“Yourownpatientshavebecometheenemy,”writesathird,becausetheyare“theonethingthatstandsbetweenyouandafewhoursofsleep”.（“你自己的病人變成了你的敵人?！钡谌齻€人寫道，因為他們是“阻礙你睡好幾個小時的唯一因素”。），表達(dá)醫(yī)生因為職業(yè)的關(guān)系缺乏睡眠，在這里作者用大量篇幅舉例來闡述醫(yī)生缺乏睡眠的危險，B選項“舉例說明缺乏睡眠給醫(yī)生帶來的危險”正確；這里只是表達(dá)因為要治病，醫(yī)生缺乏睡眠，A選項“顯示醫(yī)生對病人的敵意”錯誤；娛樂讀者不是主要目的，而是舉例表達(dá)觀點，C選項“用一些軼事來娛樂讀者”錯誤；D選項“討論醫(yī)生出現(xiàn)睡眠問題的原因”不是表達(dá)的重點，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二、三句Itskeyprovisions,modeledonNewYorkState’sregulations,includean80-hourworkweekanda24-hourwork-shiftlimit.Mostdoctors,however,resistsuchinterference.（它的關(guān)鍵條款模仿了紐約州的規(guī)定，包括每周80小時的工作時間和24小時的輪班限制。然而，大多數(shù)醫(yī)生抵制這種干預(yù)。），可知醫(yī)生不贊同法案中對醫(yī)生工作時間如此具體和死板的規(guī)定，認(rèn)為睡眠的時間段不是能夠用法律規(guī)定的，不想連睡眠都要受法律束縛，D選項“政府干擾過多”正確。A選項“關(guān)于工作周和輪班的規(guī)定太具體了”和B選項“法律不能讓醫(yī)生睡覺，但是他的意識可以”：不是表達(dá)的主要意思。C選項“醫(yī)生不應(yīng)該遵守政府的規(guī)定”：文中沒有這樣的意思。因此D選項正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段TheU.S.controlsthehoursofpilotsandtruckdrivers.Butuntilsuchasystemisinplacefordoctors,patientsareontheirown…Doctors,fortheirpart,havetogiveuptheirposeofinfallibilityandgettheresttheyneed.（在美國，飛行員和卡車司機的工作時間都有嚴(yán)格的控制。但除非也給醫(yī)生制定這樣一套規(guī)定，否則病人只能聽天由命……就醫(yī)生而言，他們必須放棄一貫不出錯的姿態(tài)，而得到他們需要的休息。），可知醫(yī)生需要充足的休息來保證工作任務(wù)的質(zhì)量，A選項“如果醫(yī)生沒有得到充分的休息，病人將面臨更多危險”正確；這里說的是飛行員和卡車司機的工作時間問題，而不是工作的安全性，C選項“飛行員和卡車司機的工作環(huán)境比醫(yī)生更安全”錯誤。B選項“有關(guān)人員有權(quán)解除其醫(yī)生的職務(wù)”和D選項“病人可以選擇醫(yī)生的睡眠時間”文中沒有提到。因此A選項正確。

4.單選題

Massmediaasacarrierandavenueofmessage（

）hasmoreandmoreimportantfunctionandforceinmodemsociety.

問題1選項

A.prognosis

B.promulgate

C.proclamation

D.prolongation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞和動詞詞義辨析。prognosis預(yù)知；promulgate傳播；proclamation宣布；prolongation延伸。句意：大眾媒體作為信息發(fā)布的載體與渠道，在現(xiàn)代社會中發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。根據(jù)句意可知，C項符合題意。

5.單選題

Youwillhardlybelieveit,butthisisthethirdtimetonightsomeone（）me.

問題1選項

A.telephoned

B.hastelephoned

C.telephones

D.shouldtelephone

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句式結(jié)構(gòu)。Thisisthefirst（序數(shù)詞）timethat…表示“第一次做某事”，后面的從句一定要用“現(xiàn)在完成時”，現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成have/hasdone。句意：你可能不會相信，這已經(jīng)是今晚第三次有人給我打電話了。hastelephoned使用了現(xiàn)在完成時，故選B。

6.單選題

Thesecontinual（

）intemperaturemakeitimpossibletodecidewhattowear.

問題1選項

A.transitions

B.transformations

C.exchanges

D.fluctuations

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項transition“過渡”；B選項transformation“轉(zhuǎn)化；轉(zhuǎn)換；改革；變形”；C選項exchange“交換；交流”；D選項fluctuation“起伏；波動”。句意：溫度的持續(xù)……使人沒法決定穿什么。只有氣溫上下波動，才讓人不好選擇穿什么衣服，因此D選項正確。

7.單選題

Eventhoughtheevidenceisoverwhelming,ifonejurorisstill（）,thecasemustberetried.

問題1選項

A.present

B.skeptical

C.surprised

D.hungry

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項present“目前的；現(xiàn)在的”；B選項skeptical“懷疑的”；C選項surprised“驚喜的”；hungry“饑餓的”。句意：盡管證據(jù)是壓倒性的，但是如果一個陪審團(tuán)仍有……，這案子就必須重審。詞組Eventhough是“盡管……但是……”的意思，與evidence“證據(jù)”能夠形成轉(zhuǎn)折的就是證據(jù)有誤或者還存在不明之處。故選B。

8.單選題

Nuclearscienceshouldbedevelopedtobenefitthepeople（

）harmthem.

問題1選項

A.morethan

B.otherthan

C.betterthan

D.ratherthan

【答案】D

【解析】句意:發(fā)展核科學(xué)是給人們造福，而不是危害人們。

短語辨析。Morethan多于，超出;otherthan除了;betterthan超過，多于;ratherthan而不是。故選D。

9.翻譯題

Putthefollowing3ChinesesentencesintoEnglishand3EnglishsentencesintoChinese.

沒有永遠(yuǎn)的優(yōu)點，也沒有永遠(yuǎn)的缺點。這篇文章告訴我們，對待優(yōu)點和缺點應(yīng)當(dāng)采取客觀的態(tài)度。具體地說，盲目地崇拜他人的優(yōu)點必定會傷害我們的自信，而完全忽略自身缺點則會導(dǎo)致自負(fù)?？偠灾?，兩種極端都會使我們失去充分發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢的機會。因此，我們需要找到合適的方法釋放自己的優(yōu)勢，并且把暫吋的缺點轉(zhuǎn)化成優(yōu)點。

數(shù)字表明自我雇傭的英國人大多為男性，工作的吋間比全職工作的員工長而且賺得少。事實上，2007至2016期間，自我雇傭者的實際薪水要比受雇傭員工下降得更快。這或許能解釋為何英國近幾年的生產(chǎn)率提高速度如同蝸牛爬行。

對于以音樂為愛好的研究者來說，音樂有助于他們的研究。把他們的頭腦從實驗的結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密性以及數(shù)據(jù)的乏味中解脫出來，使之徜徉在韻律與節(jié)奏的世界里會幫助他發(fā)揮科學(xué)創(chuàng)造性。一位研宄者發(fā)現(xiàn)，令人滿意的表演持續(xù)幾天甚至僅幾個小吋之后，常給他開展研究的靈感。

USmilitaryhasbegundeployingamissiledefensesysteminSouthKorea.TheTHAADsystemisdesignedtoshootdownincomingmissiles.Chinasaysitwilltakeunspecifiedmeasuresagainstit.AndmanyKoreanandChineseareirritatedandtheyhavebeenprotestingagainstSouthKorea'sirresponsibleactionofthisdeployment.

Insomecases,alongerresumemightbeinorder.Forexample,graphicdesignersorvisualartistsmightbenefitfromcreatinganillustratedresume,andacademics,researchers,orlong-timeexecutivesmayneedmorethanonepagetocapturethebreadthoftheirexperience.Butingeneral,it'sbesttoavoidoverburdeningbusyrecruiterswitharesumethatdragsonandon.

Chinaiscomingupwithfinancialincentivestoencouragecouplestohaveasecondchild,assurveysshowmanyarereluctanttoexpandtheirfamiliesduetoeconomicconstraints.AnofficeroftheNationalHealthandFamilyPlanningCommissionrevealedthepotentialmoveatasocialwelfareconference."TohaveasecondchildistherightofeachfamilyinChina,butaffordabilityhasbecomeabottleneckthatunderminethedecision,"hesaid.

【答案】Therearenopermanentmeritsordefects.Thisarticletellsusthatweshouldtreatthesemeritsanddefectsobjectively.Specifically,itwouldhurtourself-confidencetoadmireother’smeritsblindly,whilecompletelyignoringourownshortcomingswillleadtoself-esteem.Inshort,wewouldloseouropportunitiestogivefullplaytoouradvantagesbecauseoftheseextremes.Therefore,weneedtofindappropriatewaystoreleaseouradvantagesandturnthetemporarydefectsintodefects.

Thefiguresshowthatmostself-employedBritonsaremen.Theself-employedworklongerhoursandearnlessthanthefull-timeemployees.Actually,therealsalaryofself-employedfellfasterthanthatofemployedemployeesbetween2007and2016.ThismayexplainwhyBritonproductivityhasgrownatsnail’spaceinrecentyears.

Forresearcherinterestedinmusic,musicishelpfultotheirresearch.Releasingtheirmindsfromthestructuralrigoroftheexperimentandthetediousdata,toroamtheworldfullofrhythmwouldbeusefulforhimtoplayscientificcreativity.Oneresearcherfoundthatasatisfactoryperformanceoftenlastedforafewdaysorevenafterseveralhours,andofteninspiredhimtodoresearch.

美國軍方已開始在韓國部署導(dǎo)彈防御系統(tǒng)。薩德系統(tǒng)旨在擊落來襲導(dǎo)彈。中國將采取一定措施表示反對。許多韓國人和中國人都很憤怒，他們一直在抗議韓國不負(fù)責(zé)任的部署行動。

在某些情況下，可能需要篇幅長的簡歷達(dá)到整齊美觀效果。例如，平面設(shè)計師或視覺藝術(shù)家可能會從制作帶插圖的簡歷中獲益，而學(xué)者、研究人員或資深管理人員可能需要一頁以上的頁面來展示他們的豐富經(jīng)驗。但總的來說，最好避免給讓招聘人員在一份冗長拖沓的簡歷上花費過多的精力。

中國正在考慮鼓勵夫婦生育二胎的經(jīng)濟激勵措施，因為調(diào)查顯示，由于經(jīng)濟限制，許多人不愿擴大家庭成員。國家衛(wèi)生和計劃生育委員會一位官員在一次社會福利會議上透露了這一潛在的舉措。他說，“在中國，生第二個孩子是每個家庭的權(quán)利，但負(fù)擔(dān)能力卻成了阻礙這個決定的瓶頸?！?/p>

10.單選題

InDeathValley,California,oneofthehottest,mostaridplacesinNorthAmerica,thereismuchsalt,andsaltcandamagerocksimpressively.Inhabitantsofareaselsewhere,wherestreetsandhighwaysareslatedtocontrolice,arefamiliarwiththeresultingrustanddeteriorationoncars.Thatatteststothechemicallycorrosivenatureofsalt,butitisnotthewaysaltdestroysrocks.Saltbreaksrocksapartprincipallybyaprocesscalledcrystalpryingandwedging.Thishappensnotbysoakingtherocksinsaltwater,butbymoisteningtheirbottomswithsaltwater.SuchconditionsexistinmanyareasalongtheeasternedgeofcentralDeathValley.There,saltywaterrisesfromthegroundwatertablebycapillaryactionthroughtinyspacesinsedimentuntilitreachesthesurface.

Moststoneshavecapillarypassagesthatsucksaltwaterfromthewetground.DeathValleyprovidesanultra-dryatmosphereandhighdailytemperatures,whichpromoteevaporationandtheformationofsaltcrystalsalongthecracksorotheropeningswithinstones.Thesecrystalsgrowaslongassaltwaterisavailable.Liketreerootsbreakingupasidewalk,thegrowingcrystalsexertpressureontherockandeventuallyprytherockapartalongplanesofweakness,suchasbandinginmetamorphicrocks,beddinginsedimentaryrocks,orpreexistingorincipientfractions,andalongboundariesbetweenindividualmineralcrystalsorgrains.Besidescrystalgrowth,theexpansionofhalitecrystals(thesameaseverydaytablesalt)byheatingandofsulfatesandsimilarsaltsbyhydrationcancontributeadditionalstresses.Arockdurableenoughtohavewithstoodnaturalconditionsforaverylongtimeinotherareascouldprobablybeshatteredintosmallpiecesbysaltweatheringwithinafewgenerations.

ThedominantsaltinDeathValleyishalite,orsodiumchloride,butothersalts,mostlycarbonatesandsulfates,alsocausepryingandwedging,asdoesordinaryice.Weatheringbyavarietyofsalts,thoughoftensubtle,isaworldwidephenomenon.Notrestrictedtoaridregions.Intensesaltweatheringoccursmostlyinsalt-richplacesliketheseashore,nearthelargesalinelakesintheDryValleysofAntarctica,andindesertsectionsofAustralia,NewZealandandcentralAsia.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Inlines13-17,whydoestheauthorcomparetreerootswithgrowingsaltcrystals?

3.Theword“shattered”inline20isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheeffectsofsaltsonrocks?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutrocksthatarefoundinareaswhereiceiscommon?

問題1選項

A.Thedestructiveeffectsofsaltonrocks.

B.TheimpressivesaltrocksinDeathValley.

C.TheamountofsaltproducedinDeathValley.

D.Thedamagingeffectsofsaltonroadsandhighways.

問題2選項

A.Theybothforcehardsurfacestocrack.

B.Theybothgrowaslongaswaterisavailable.

C.Theybothreactquicklytoariseintemperature.

D.Theybothcausesaltywatertorisefromthegroundwatertable.

問題3選項

A.arranged

B.dissolved

C.brokenapart

D.gatheredtogether

問題4選項

A.Onlytwotypesofsaltscausepryingandwedging.

B.Saltsusuallycausedamageonlyincombinationwithice.

C.Avarietyofsaltsinallkindsofenvironmentscancauseweathering.

D.SaltdamageattheseashoreismoreseverethansaltdamageinDeathValley.

問題5選項

A.Theyareprotectedfromweathering.

B.Theydonotallowcapillaryactionofwater.

C.TheyshowsimilarkindsofdamageasrocksinDeathValley.

D.Theycontainmorecarbonatesthansulfates.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章主要討論什么”。文章主要講述了加州死亡谷的鹽對巖石的破壞作用（InDeathValley,California,oneofthehottest,mostaridplacesinNorthAmerica,thereismuchsalt,andsaltcandamagerocksimpressively），由此可知選項A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在第13-17行中，作者為什么將樹根與不斷增長的鹽晶體進(jìn)行比較”。文章第二段提到“就像樹根鑿開人行道一樣，不斷生長的晶體對巖石施加壓力，最終沿著巖石柔軟的那面撬開”（Liketreerootsbreakingupasidewalk,thegrowingcrystalsexertpressureontherockandeventuallyprytherockapartalongplanesofweakness），說明二者都能使堅硬的表面裂開，選項A符合題意。

3.詞義題。題目問的是“shattered與哪個詞（組）意思最接近”。文章第二段最后一句話提到“在其他地區(qū)，一塊巖石能夠經(jīng)受住很長時間的自然條件，但是它在幾代人的時間內(nèi)就可能被鹽風(fēng)化成碎片”（Arockdurableenoughtohavewithstoodnaturalconditionsforaverylongtimeinotherareascouldprobablybeshatteredintosmallpiecesbysaltweatheringwithinafewgenerations），由此可知shattered有“砸碎、粉碎”的意思，選項C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，關(guān)于鹽對巖石的影響下列哪個表述是正確的？”文章最后一段提到風(fēng)化是一個世界性普遍的現(xiàn)象，不局限于某個地方(Weatheringbyavarietyofsalts,thoughoftensubtle,isaworldwidephenomenon.Notrestrictedtoaridregions)，由此可知選項C“不同環(huán)境不同種類的鹽都能引起風(fēng)化”符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“關(guān)于在有冰的地方發(fā)現(xiàn)巖石，下列哪項能夠從文章中獲得”。文章最后一段提到“其他地方的鹽，主要是碳酸鹽和硫酸鹽，也會像普通的冰一樣導(dǎo)致侵蝕”（butothersalts,mostlycarbonatesandsulfates,alsocausepryingandwedging,asdoesordinaryice），選項C符合題意。

11.單選題

A______judgeweighsalltheevidenceandexcludesallpersonalfeelings.

問題1選項

A.scrupulous

B.restless

C.sarcastic

D.resourceful

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項scrupulous“細(xì)心的；小心謹(jǐn)慎的；一絲不茍的；嚴(yán)格認(rèn)真的”；B選項restless“焦躁不安的；不安寧的；得不到滿足的”；C選項sarcastic“挖苦的；尖刻的，辛辣的”；D選項resourceful“足智多謀的；機智的”。句意：一位_____法官會權(quán)衡所有的證據(jù)，排除所有的個人感情。一絲不茍，嚴(yán)格認(rèn)真符合法官形象，權(quán)衡證據(jù)以及排除個人感情說明一絲不茍，不能體現(xiàn)機智，所以A選項正確。

12.翻譯題

1999年，中國開始進(jìn)入老齡化社會。2004年年底,60歲以上的人口達(dá)到1.43億，占全國人口總數(shù)的10.97%。至此，中國成為世界上擁有最多老齡人口的國家。有專家說1990年到2033年是中國的“人口紅利”(populationbonus)期,出生率下降，老齡人口還不算太多，這一時期是有助于經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的。

2010年到2013年中國勞動力人口將達(dá)到9億人，在這之后“紅利”會變成“赤字”，也就是說，這以后需要照顧的老齡人口會迅速增加。據(jù)說2030年后的二十年是中國老齡化最嚴(yán)峻的時期。因此，要做好充分準(zhǔn)備，好好利用人口紅利期來解決嚴(yán)重的老齡化問題。

有報告稱，中國是典型的成為富裕國家前就面臨老齡化社會的國家。這是長期的問題，也需要很長時間才能解決。中國一直堅持計劃生育政策，人口增長的趨勢得到了有效的控制。據(jù)估計，中國到2030年的總?cè)丝趯⑦_(dá)到14.65億，屆時會面臨老齡化和人口出生率下降兩大壓力，這也一定會給國家的經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展帶來巨大的壓力。

這份報告還指出，中國在解決老齡化問題的意識、條件及法規(guī)上都嚴(yán)重滯后，因此，必須把這個問題的解決納人到未來國家發(fā)展策略中。我們要及早關(guān)注老齡化人口的醫(yī)療資源，完善社會保障體系。在老齡人口達(dá)到頂峰前，建立一個健全的國家性社會保障機制。

【答案】Since1999,Chinahasenteredintoasituationoftheagingsociety.Therewillbe143millionChineseaged60orover,accountingfor10.97percentofthepopulationtotheendof2004.Atthispoint,ChinabecamethecountrywhohavethelargestnumberofAgingpopulation.SomeexpertssaythatitisChina’spopulationbonusbetween1990and2033whenbirthrateisdecreasedandthenumberofoldpeopleisnottoomuch,whichhelpstodeveloptheeconomies.

Thetotalworkingagepopulationwillreach900millionfrom2010to2013.Afterthat,the“populationbonus”willturn“demographicdeficit”,whichmeansthatcaringfortheincreasingnumberofelderlypeoplewillgrowsrapidly.ItissaidthattheworstofthecrisisforChina’sagingpopulationhitthetwentyyearsafter2030.Therefore,weshouldbewellpreparedsoastodealwiththeseriousproblemofagednessbymakingfulluseofpopulationdividend.

Chinaisthetypicalcountryfacingtheagingpopulationbeforebeingrichoneaccordingtoareport.It’sgoingtobeaperennialproblemandcouldtakealongtimetoresolve.Chinahasstucktoitsfamily-planningpolicytoefficientlycontrolthetendencyofincreasingpopulation.ItisestimatedthatChina’stotalpopulationwillreach1.465billionin2030whenthegovernmentwouldfaceanagingpopulationandadecreasedbirthrate,whichwillalsoblockthedevelopmentofeconomyandsociety.

Thereportalsopointsoutthatforchinathereareseriouslagsintheconsciousness,therealityofconditionsandtherelevantregulationsaboutagingpopulation,andthusweshouldputitintotheoverallnationaldevelopmentstrategiclayout.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontothemedicalresourcesontheagingpopulationsasearlyaspossible,improvethesocialsafetynet,andsetuptheall-sidedguaranteeingsystembeforetheagingpopulationreachesthepeak.

13.單選題

Thisoldmanhadtroubleexpressingtheattachmenthefeltwhenarrivingathisnativetown.

問題1選項

A.hospitality

B.affection

C.appeal

D.frustration

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。attachment表示“附件，依戀”；A項hospitality“好客，殷勤”，B項affection“喜愛，感情”，C項appeal“呼吁，懇求”，D項frustration“挫折”。句意：這位老人難以表達(dá)他到達(dá)家鄉(xiāng)時的依戀之情。根據(jù)句意可知B項正確。

14.單選題

Sincetheeconomicreform,withprices______somuch,itishardforthemanykindnessesyouhaveshownmyson.

問題1選項

A.swinging

B.waving

C.fluctuating

D.vibrating

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項swing“搖擺”，B項wave“揮手，揮手示意”，C項fluctuate“波動，漲落”，D項vibrate“振動，顫動”?？崭癫糠质且粋€with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，所以空格處要填入一個動詞與price（價格）搭配，四個選項中只有C項最符合。句意：自從經(jīng)濟改革以來，物價波動如此之大，您對我兒子的好意實在難以接受。因此，該題選擇C項。

15.單選題

Britain’srichestpeoplehaveexperiencedthebiggesteverriseintheirwealth,accordingtotheSundayTimesRichList.DrivenbytheneweconomyoftheInternetandcomputerentrepreneurs,thewealthofthoseatthetopofthefinancialtreehasincreasedatanunprecedentedrate.The12thannualRichListwillshowthatthecollectiveworthofthecountry’srichest1,000peoplereachednearly146billionpoundsbyJanuary,thecutoffpointforthesurvey.Theyrepresentedanincreaseof31billion,or27%,injust12months.Sincethesurveywascompiled,Britain’srichesthaveaddedbillionsmoretotheirwealth,thankstothecontinuingboomintechnologysharesonthestockmarket.Thishaspushedupthetotalvalueofthewealthoftherichest1,000toaprobable160billionaccordingtoDr.PhilipBeresford,Britain’sacknowledgedexpertonpersonalwealthwhocompilestheSundayTimesRichList.

ThemillenniumboomexceedsanythinginBritain’seconomichistory,includingtherailwayboomofthe1840sandtheSouthSeabubbleof1720.IthasmadeMargaretThatcher’sboomseemassluggishasEdwardHeath’s“threedayweek”,saidBeresford.“Weareseeingbillionsbeingaddedtothenationalwealtheveryweek.”WilliamRubinstein,professorofmodernhistoryattheUniversityofWales;AbeYstwyth,confirmedthatthegrowthinwealthwasunprecedented.Almostalloftoday’swealthhasbeencreatedsincetheindustrialrevolution,butevenbythoseheadystandardsthecurrentboomisextraordinary,hesaid.“Thereisnolargescaleculturaloppositionorguiltaboutmakingmoney.InmanywaysBritishbusinessattitudescannowchallengetheUnitedStates.”

AlthoughtheBritain’srichestareexperiencingthesharpestsurgeinwealth,therestofthepopulationhasalsobenefitedfromthestockmarketboomandrisinghouseprices.Lastyearwealthroseby16%toarecord4,267billion,accordingtocalculationsbytheinvestmentbankSalomonSmithBarney.Inrealterms,wealthhasincreasedbymorethanathirdsincethelate1980s.Muchofthewealthoftherichestisheldinsharesinstart-upcompanies.

Someofthesepaperfortunes,analystsagree,couldeasilybewipedout,althoughthewealthgeneratingeffectsoftheInternetrevolutionseemtobeheretostay.ASundayTimesYoungRichListconfirmsthatpeoplearebecomingwealthieryounger.Itincludesthe60richestmillionairesaged30orunder.Atthetop,on600m,isthe“oldmoney”EarlofInveigh,30,headoftheGuinnessbrewingfamily.InsecondplaceisCharlesNasser,also30,wholaunchedtheClaraNETInternetproviderfouryearsagoandisworth300m.Theremainingeightinthetop10youngmillionairesmadetheirmoneyfromcomputingandtheInternet.

16.The“cutoffpointforthesurvey”(inParagraph1)refersto______.

17.WhichoneisanexampleofthechangedbusinessattitudeinBritain?

18.ThemillenniumeconomicboominBritain______.

19.Whydoestheauthorcallthewealthoftheriches“paperfortunes”?

20.Anewtendencyemergedinthecurrentboomisthat______.

問題1選項

A.146billion—thecollectiveworthofthecountry’srichest1,000people

B.January—thedeadlineforthesurvey

C.31million—theincreaseofwealthinjust12months

D.160billion—thetotalvalueofthewealthofrichest1000

問題2選項

A.Today’seconomicboomcannotsurpassMargaretThatcher’sboom.

B.ThreedayweekshowedthatBritishpeopleweremoresluggishthantheyaretoday.

C.Peopledonotfeelguiltyaboutmakingmoney.

D.DoingbusinessinBritainismorechallengingthaninAmerica.

問題3選項

A.benefitstherichestalone

B.makesthelifeoftherestofthepopulationevenworseoff

C.hasaddedtotheBritain’swealthby16%sincethelate1980s

D.isprimarilyduetotheinternetrevolution

問題4選項

A.BecausetheirwealthismainlygeneratedfromtechnologyShares.

B.Becausetheirwealthcanbeeasilylost.

C.Becausetheirwealthisgreatlyinfluencedbystartingupcompanies.

D.Becausetheirwealthisquicklydevaluatedwiththeupanddownofhouseprices.

問題5選項

A.moreandmorepeoplestarthi-techbusinesstoamassfortune

B.peoplearebecomingrichatyoungerages

C.mostoftherichestmaketheirfortunebyinheritance

D.alltherichestmillionairesareaged30orabove

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】16.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】詞義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“cutoffpointforthesurvey”可以定位到文章第一段第三句The12thannualRichListwillshowthatthecollectiveworthofthecountry’srichest1,000peoplereachednearly146billionpoundsbyJanuary,thecutoffpointforthesurvey.（第12次年度財富排行榜將顯示，到調(diào)查的截止日期1月份，英國最富有的1000人的財富總和達(dá)到了1460億英鎊。），說明“cutoffpointforthesurvey”在文中的意思是指調(diào)查的截止日期。因此B選項“1月——調(diào)查的截止日期”正確。A選項“1460億——全國最富有的1000人的總身價”，C選項“3100萬——短短12個月內(nèi)財富增加的數(shù)量”，D選項“1600億——最富有的1000人的財富總價值”均不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯誤。

17.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“businessattitude”可以定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第一、二句Thereisnolargescaleculturaloppositionorguiltaboutmakingmoney.InmanywaysBritishbusinessattitudescannowchallengetheUnitedStates.（人們對賺錢沒有大規(guī)模的文化上的反對或負(fù)罪感。英國商業(yè)態(tài)度現(xiàn)在在許多方面都能挑戰(zhàn)美國。），說明英國商業(yè)態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變在于對賺錢沒有負(fù)罪感。因此C選項“人們對賺錢不感到內(nèi)疚”正確。A選項“今天的經(jīng)濟繁榮不能超越撒切爾夫人時期的繁榮”，由原文可知現(xiàn)在比撒切爾夫人執(zhí)政時期更加繁榮，所以A錯誤。B選項“每周三天工作制表明英國人比現(xiàn)在更不景氣”，D選項“在英國做生意比在美國更有挑戰(zhàn)性”均不符合題意，所以B，D錯誤。

18.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由A選項關(guān)鍵詞“richest”可以定位到文章第三段第一句AlthoughtheBritain’srichestareexperiencingthesharpestsurgeinwealth,therestofthepopulationhasalsobenefitedfromthestockmarketboomandrisinghouseprices.（雖然英國最富有的人們正在經(jīng)歷財產(chǎn)最強勁的攀升，其他老百姓也從股市的繁榮和房價的上漲中獲得了利益。），說明英國的千禧年經(jīng)濟繁榮不光只讓最富有的人受益，普通老百姓也能獲得利益，所以A選項“只讓最富有的人受益”錯誤。B選項“使其他人民的生活更加惡化了”，由原文可知，其他人民也從中獲得了利益，所以B選項錯誤。由C選項關(guān)鍵詞“thelate1980s”可以定位到文章第三段第三句Inrealterms,wealthhasincreasedbymorethanathirdsincethelate1980s.（按實際價值計算，自上世紀(jì)80年代末以來，財富增長了三分之一以上。），說明英國的財富增加了三分之一以上，所以C選項“自20世紀(jì)80年代末以來使英國的財富增加了16%”錯誤。由D選項關(guān)鍵詞“internetrevolution”可以定位到文章第四段第一句Someofthesepaperfortunes,analystsagree,couldeasilybewipedout,althoughthewealthgeneratingeffectsoftheInternetrevolutionseemtobeheret