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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-揚(yáng)州中瑞酒店職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
AlthoughVenusisthenearestplanetoftheEarth,littleisknownaboutitbecauseitis()coveredbythickclouds.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.closely
B.curiously
C.regularly
D.constantly
【答案】D
【解析】副詞詞義辨析。closely緊密地,嚴(yán)密地;curiously好奇地;regularly有規(guī)律地;constantly不斷地,時(shí)常地。句意:盡管金星是離地球最近的行星,但由于它時(shí)常被厚厚的云層所覆蓋,人們對它知之甚少。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。
2.單選題
Therecitalist'sperformancewasadelightfullyfreeandintrospectiveone;nevertheless,itwasalso,seeminglyparadoxically,quite().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.appealing
B.controlled
C.idiosyncratic
D.unskilled
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)appealing“吸引人的”;B選項(xiàng)controlled“受控制的”;C選項(xiàng)idiosyncratic“特殊的”;D選項(xiàng)unskilled“不熟練的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息“paradoxically”可知,填空處填入的詞應(yīng)和前面所表達(dá)的意思相反,所以選項(xiàng)B符合語境。句意:獨(dú)奏者的表演是一場無拘無束的、令人愉快的、內(nèi)省的表演。然而,看似矛盾的是,它也受到了相當(dāng)?shù)目刂?。選項(xiàng)B正確。
3.單選題
Noonecanbeagreatthinkerwhodoesnotrealizethatasathinkeritisherfirstdutytofollowherintellecttowhateverconclusionsitmaylead.
Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery.Butthereneverhasbeen,noreverwillbe,inthatatmosphereanintellectuallyactivepeople.Wherethereisatacitconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationsandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.
Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside,ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheartheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithherownmind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem,whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform:shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpersonsareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow:theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,itisalwaysadvisableto().
32.Accordingtotheauthor,inagreatperiodsuchastheRenaissancewemayexpecttofind().
3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
4.Accordingtotheauthor,thepersonwho-holdsorthodoxbeliefswithoutexaminationmaybedescribedinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTas().
5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.beacquaintedwiththeargumentsfavoringthepointofviewwithwhichonedisagrees
B.adoptthepointofviewtowhichonefeelsthemostinclination
C.haveopinionswhichcannotberefuted
D.suspendheterodoxspeculationinfavorofdoctrinaireapproaches
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.acceptanceoftruth
B.controversyoverprinciples
C.inordinateenthusiasm
D.adreadofheterodoxspeculation
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Mosteducatedpeoplestudybothsidesofaquestion.
B.Themajorityofthosewhoargueeloquentlytrulyknowonlyonesideofanissue.
C.Indebatableissues,weshouldrelyontheopinionsoftheexpertsforguidance.
D.Heterodoxspeculationwillleadtomanyunnecessaryerrorsofthinking.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.enslavedbytradition
B.lessthanfollyrational
C.havingaclosedmind
D.determinedoncontroversy
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Atrulygreatthinkermakesnomistakes.
B.Therefutationofacceptedideascanbestbeprovidedbyone’sownteachers.
C.Periodsofintellectualachievementareperiodsofunorthodoxreflection
D.excessivecontroversypreventsclearthinking.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:D
【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第三段“Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithherownmind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem,whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform:shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.這不是公正對待這些論點(diǎn)的方法,也不是讓它們與她自己的思想真正接觸的方法。她必須能夠聽到那些真正相信這些論點(diǎn)的人的聲音,那些真誠地為這些論點(diǎn)辯護(hù)的人的聲音,那些竭盡全力為這些論點(diǎn)辯護(hù)的人的聲音。她必須以最似是而非、最具說服力的形式來認(rèn)識這些問題:她必須感受到對問題的真實(shí)看法所必須面對和處理的困難的全部力量;否則,她將永遠(yuǎn)無法真正掌握真理的那一部分,從而克服并消除那個困難。據(jù)此可知作者認(rèn)為如果一個人只知道自己的觀點(diǎn)而不關(guān)心對立觀點(diǎn),不傾聽對立觀點(diǎn)的聲音,那么就很難獲得真理?!弊髡哂昧巳齻€must表明正確的做法是什么,從中我們了解到正確做法就是要熟悉那些你不贊成的觀點(diǎn)。故A項(xiàng)正確。
2.判斷推理題。由第二段“Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery…Wherethereisatacitconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.在精神奴役的普遍氛圍中,曾經(jīng)有,而且可能會再次出現(xiàn)偉大的個人思想家。但是,在那種氣氛中,從來沒有,也永遠(yuǎn)不會有一個思想活躍的民族。在那里有一種不成文的慣例,即原則是不容置疑的,對那些可以占據(jù)人類的最偉大的問題的討論被認(rèn)為是封閉的,我們就不能指望發(fā)現(xiàn)使某些歷史時(shí)期如此非凡的普遍的大規(guī)模精神活動?!蔽乃噺?fù)興是屬于思想活動的頂峰,必然會討論原則問題。所以B項(xiàng)正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段最后部分“Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpersonsareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow:theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.百分之九十九的所謂受過教育的人處于這種狀態(tài);甚至那些能夠流利地為自己的觀點(diǎn)辯護(hù)的人。他們的結(jié)論可能是正確的,但也可能他們所知道的一切都是錯誤的。他們從未把自己置于與他們想法不同的人的心理位置上,也從未考慮過這些人可能會說些什么;所以結(jié)果是他們不知道他們自己所信奉的教條的真正的意義。”由此可知A項(xiàng)與之相反,B項(xiàng)與之相符,故B項(xiàng)正確。CD兩項(xiàng)文中沒有提及。
4.判斷推理題。題干問那些持有未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的正統(tǒng)信仰的人沒有以下哪項(xiàng)特征。A項(xiàng):為傳統(tǒng)所奴役;B項(xiàng):不怎么理智;C項(xiàng):頭腦閉塞;D項(xiàng):對辯論是堅(jiān)決的。一般來說,持有未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的正統(tǒng)信仰的人不會獨(dú)立思考,更不會懷疑他所信仰的東西。故ABC三項(xiàng)都是這種人的特點(diǎn)。
5.判斷推理題。A項(xiàng)“一個真正的思想家不犯錯誤”;B項(xiàng)“對公認(rèn)觀點(diǎn)的駁斥最好由自己的老師來提供?!盋項(xiàng)“智力成就的時(shí)期是非正統(tǒng)思考的時(shí)期”;D項(xiàng)“過度的辯論會制止清晰的思考。”由第二段可知?dú)v史上思想活動的頂峰時(shí)期如文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期,各大學(xué)派互相辯論,使思想摩擦出火花,使文藝復(fù)興成為文化運(yùn)動的頂峰。故C項(xiàng)“智力成就的時(shí)期是非正統(tǒng)思考的時(shí)期”正確。
4.單選題
Revolutionsareoftencausedwhenthelegitimacyofagovernmentisquestionedbythepeople.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.validity
B.effectiveness
C.bureaucracy
D.prejudice
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)政府的……受到人民的質(zhì)疑時(shí),革命事件就會爆發(fā)。validity“(法律上的)有效,合法性”;effectiveness“有效”;bureaucracy“官僚主義";prejudice“偏見”。根據(jù)“ofagovernment”可以推測出劃線單詞的意思是“合法性”,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
5.單選題
Eveniftheyareonsale,theserefrigeratorsareequalinpriceto,ifnotmoreexpensivethan,()attheotherstore.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.anyone
B.theothers
C.theones
D.that
【答案】C
【解析】考查不定代詞。句意:即使減價(jià)出售,這些冰箱的價(jià)格即使不比另一家商店的貴,價(jià)格也是一樣的。根據(jù)句意可知填空處所指代的應(yīng)該是refrigerators,代詞one可以用來替代前面提到過的名詞,以避免重復(fù)。而這里使用的是冰箱的復(fù)數(shù)形式,所以也要用復(fù)數(shù)的ones來指代,并且refrigerators是上文已經(jīng)提及的,表示特指,所以要加上定冠詞the,選項(xiàng)C正確。
6.單選題
TheannualreviewofAmericancompanyboardpracticesbyKornFerry,afirmofheadhunters,isausefulindicatorofthehealthofcorporategovernance.Thisyear’sreview,publishedonNovember12th,showsthattheSarbanes-Oxleyact,passedin2002totrytopreventarepeatofcorporatecollapsessuchasEnron’sandWorldCom,hashadanimpactontheboardroom—albeitatanaverageimplementationcostthatKornFerryestimatesat$5.lmperfirm.
Twoyearsago,only41%ofAmericanfirmssaidtheyregularlyheldmeetingsofdirectorswithouttheirchiefexecutivepresent’thisyearthefigurewas93%.Butsomethingshavebeensurprisinglyunaffectedbythebacklashagainstcorporatescandals.Forexample,despiteagrowingfeelingthatformerchiefexecutivesshouldnotsitontheircompany’sboard,thepercentageofAmericanfirmswheretheydohasactuallyedgedup,from23%in2003to25%in2004.
Also,disappointinglyfewfirmshavesplitthejobsofchairmanandchiefexecutive.AnothersurveyofAmericanboardspublishedthisweek,byA.T.Kearney,afirmofconsultants,foundthatin200214%oftheboardsofS&P500firmshadseparatedtheroles,andafurther16%saidtheyplannedtodoso.Butby2004only23%overallhadtakentheplunge.AsurveyearlierintheyearbyconsultantsatMcKinseyfoundthat70%ofAmericandirectorsandinvestorssupportedtheideaofsplittingthejobs,whichisstandardpracticeinEurope.
Anotherdisappointmentistheslowprogressinabolishing‘‘staggered’’boards—oneswhereonlyone-thirdofthedirectorsareupforreelectioneachyear,tothree-yearterms.Inventedasadefenseagainsttakeover,suchboards,accordingtoanewHarvardLawSchoolstudybyLucianBebchukandAlmaCohen,areunambiguously“associatedwithaneconomicallysignificantreductioninfirmvalue”.
Despitethis,thepercentageofS&P500firmswithstaggeredboardshasfallenonlyslightly—from63%in2001to60%in2003,accordingtotheInvestorResponsibilityResearchCentre.Andmanyofthosefirmsthathavebeenforcedbyshareholderstoabolishthesystemaredoingsoonlyslowly.Merck,apharmaceuticalcompanyintroubleoverthepossibleside-effectsofitsarthritisdrugVioxx,isallowingitsdirectorstoruntheirfulltermbeforeintroducingasysteminwhichtheyareallreelected(orotherwise)annually.Othercompanies’staggeredboardsareentrenchedintheircorporatecharters,whichcannotbeamendedbyashareholders’vote.Anyonewhoexpectedthescandalsof2001tobringaboutrapidchangeinthebalanceofpowerbetweenmanagersandownerswas,atbest,naive.
56.TheSarbanes-Oxleyactismostprobablyabout____.
57.Theword“backlash”mostprobablymeans____.
58.Accordingtothetext,separatingtherolesbetweenchairmanandchiefexecutiveis____.
59.Welearnfromthetextthata“staggered”board____.
60.TowardtheboardpracticeofAmericancompanies,thewriter’sattitudecanbesaidtobe____.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.corporatecost
B.corporatescandal
C.corporategovernance
D.corporatemanagement
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.aviolentforce
B.astrongimpetus
C.afirmmeasure
D.astrongnegativereaction
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.whatmanyEuropeancompaniesdo
B.notapopularideaamongAmericanentrepreneurs
C.acommonpracticeinAmericancompanies
D.amusttokeepthehealthofacompany
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.canbevotedownbyshareholders
B.givesitsboardmemberstoomuchpower
C.hasbeenabolishedbymostAmericancompanies
D.isadversetotheincrementoffirmvalue
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.objective
B.pessimistic
C.biased
D.critical
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】56.判斷推理題。題干“Sarbanes-Oxley法案最有可能是關(guān)于____的”,可定位到第1段第2句Thisyear’sreview,publishedonNovember12th,showsthattheSarbanes-Oxleyact,passedin2002totrytopreventarepeatofcorporatecollapsessuchasEnron’sandWorldCom,hashadanimpactontheboardroom…(今年11月12日公布的審查結(jié)果顯示,Sarbanes-Oxley法案對董事會產(chǎn)生了影響。Sarbanes-Oxley法案于2002年通過,旨在防止像Enron和WorldCom這樣的公司倒閉事件重演。)由此可知,審查發(fā)現(xiàn),該法案防止公司倒閉的措施對董事會產(chǎn)生了影響。根據(jù)此句前一句TheannualreviewofAmericancompanyboardpracticesbyKornFerry,afirmofheadhunters,isausefulindicatorofthehealthofcorporategovernance.(獵頭公司KornFerry對美國公司董事會做法的年度評估,是衡量公司治理健康與否的有用指標(biāo)。)由此可知,該審查是衡量corporategovernance(企業(yè)管治)的,由此推斷,該法案是關(guān)于corporategovernance(企業(yè)管治)的,C選項(xiàng)“corporategovernance(企業(yè)管治)”與原文表述一致。干擾選項(xiàng)D“corporatemanagement(企業(yè)管理經(jīng)營)”,與原文表述有出入,由于原文使用的是corporategovernance,所以,C選項(xiàng)比D選項(xiàng)更合適;A選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)成本”、B選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)丑聞”不符合語境,排除。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。
57.詞義推測題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第2段第2句Butsomethingshavebeensurprisinglyunaffectedbythebacklashagainstcorporatescandals.(但令人驚訝的是,一些事情沒有受到對企業(yè)丑聞的____的影響。)后文有針對該觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行舉例。Forexample,despiteagrowingfeelingthatformerchiefexecutivesshouldnotsitontheircompany’sboard,thepercentageofAmericanfirmswheretheydohasactuallyedgedup,from23%in2003to25%in2004.(例如,盡管越來越多的人認(rèn)為前首席執(zhí)行官不應(yīng)該進(jìn)入他們公司的董事會,但他們進(jìn)入董事會的美國公司的比例實(shí)際上已經(jīng)從2003年的23%上升到2004年的25%。)由案例可知,前首席執(zhí)行官進(jìn)入董事會的比例并沒有受到越來越多人反對的影響。由此推斷“越來越多人持反對觀點(diǎn)”是一種backlash,所以backlash的意思應(yīng)該是負(fù)面的。另外,根據(jù)單詞backlash中的back推斷,該詞的詞義是“反—,往回—”,綜合而言,D選項(xiàng)“一種強(qiáng)烈的負(fù)面反應(yīng)”更符合語境。A選項(xiàng)“一種強(qiáng)烈的力量”、B選項(xiàng)“一個強(qiáng)大的動力”的情感基調(diào)不對,排除;C選項(xiàng)“一個強(qiáng)力的措施”,沒有依據(jù)說明是“措施”,排除。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。
58.判斷推理題。題干“根據(jù)文章,拆分董事長和首席執(zhí)行官的職位____”,可定位到第3段。A、B選項(xiàng),可定位到第3段最后一句AsurveyearlierintheyearbyconsultantsatMcKinseyfoundthat70%ofAmericandirectorsandinvestorssupportedtheideaofsplittingthejobs,whichisstandardpracticeinEurope.(今年早些時(shí)候,麥肯錫咨詢公司(McKinsey)的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),70%的美國董事和投資者支持拆分職位的想法,這在歐洲是一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法。)由此可知,拆分董事長和首席執(zhí)行官的做法在歐洲是一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法,所以A選項(xiàng)“許多歐洲公司這樣做”表述符合原文。另外,70%的美國董事和投資者支持拆分職位的想法,說明這個觀點(diǎn)還是比較受美國董事和投資者歡迎的,B選項(xiàng)“在美國企業(yè)家中并不受歡迎”表述不符合原文,排除;C選項(xiàng)“是美國公司的慣例”,可定位到第3段第1句Also,disappointinglyfewfirmshavesplitthejobsofchairmanandchiefexecutive.(同樣令人失望的是,很少有公司將董事長和首席執(zhí)行官的職位分開。)由此可知,雖然不少美國的董事和投資者支持拆分職位,但是很少有公司真正這么做,選項(xiàng)表述與原文不符,排除;D選項(xiàng)“公司的健康發(fā)展是必不可少的”,原文并未提及,排除;因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。
59.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“我們從課文中得知,一個‘交錯’董事會____”,可定位到第4、5段。A選項(xiàng)“可以被股東投票否決”,可定位到第5段倒數(shù)第2句Othercompanies’staggeredboardsareentrenchedintheircorporatecharters,whichcannotbeamendedbyashareholders’vote.(其他公司的分級董事會制度在公司章程中根深蒂固,股東投票無法修改公司章程。)由此可知,“交錯”董事會無法被股東投票否決,選項(xiàng)表述與原文不符,排除;B選項(xiàng)“給予董事會成員過多的權(quán)力”,可定位到第4段第1句…‘staggered’’boards—oneswhereonlyone-thirdofthedirectorsareupforreelectioneachyear,tothree-yearterms.(……“交錯”董事會——每年只有三分之一的董事改選,任期為三年。)由此可知,按照“交錯”董事會的規(guī)定,每年三分之一的董事需要改選,其實(shí)是限制了董事會成員的權(quán)力的,選項(xiàng)表述不符合原文,排除;C選項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)被大多數(shù)美國公司廢除了”,可定位到第5段第1句Despitethis,thepercentageofS&P500firmswithstaggeredboardshasfallenonlyslightly—from63%in2001to60%in2003(盡管如此,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)的公司實(shí)行分級董事會的比例僅略有下降——從2001年的63%下降到2003年的60%)由此可知,到2003年還有60%(大多數(shù))的公司實(shí)行“交錯”董事會,選項(xiàng)表述與原文不符,排除;D選項(xiàng)“不利于企業(yè)價(jià)值的增長”,可定位到第4段最后一句…suchboards…areunambiguously“associatedwithaneconomicallysignificantreductioninfirmvalue”.(這樣的董事會無疑“與公司價(jià)值在經(jīng)濟(jì)上的顯著下降有關(guān)”。)由此可知,“交錯”董事會使公司經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值下降,選項(xiàng)表述符合原文。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。
60.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干“對于美國公司的董事會實(shí)踐,作者的態(tài)度可以說是____?!北绢}詢問的是作者對于美國公司董事會實(shí)踐的態(tài)度,可以從文中表達(dá)情感的詞推斷,第3段Also,disappointinglyfewfirmshavesplitthejobsofchairmanandchiefexecutive.(同樣令人失望的是,很少有公司將董事長和首席執(zhí)行官的職位分開。)由此定位到前一段,找到前一個令人失望的點(diǎn),Butsomethingshavebeensurprisinglyunaffectedbythebacklashagainstcorporatescandals.(但令人驚訝的是,一些事情沒有受到對企業(yè)丑聞的強(qiáng)烈反對的影響。)第4段Anotherdisappointmentistheslowprogressinabolishing‘‘staggered’’boards…(另一個令人失望的是,在廢除“交錯”董事會方面進(jìn)展緩慢……)由此可知,作者對美國公司董事會的實(shí)踐非常失望;最后一段最后一句Anyonewhoexpectedthescandalsof2001tobringaboutrapidchangeinthebalanceofpowerbetweenmanagersandownerswas,atbest,naive.(如果有人認(rèn)為2001年的丑聞會迅速改變經(jīng)理和老板之間的權(quán)力平衡,往好了說,那也只是一種天真的想法。)由此可知,作者認(rèn)為美國董事會改革比較難,綜合而言,B選項(xiàng)“悲觀的”最符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。A選項(xiàng)“客觀的”(一般要從正反兩方闡述觀點(diǎn))、C選項(xiàng)“帶有偏見的”沒有依據(jù),排除;干擾選項(xiàng),D選項(xiàng)“批判的,不贊成的”,作者并沒有不贊成美國董事會的改革實(shí)踐,只是覺得它進(jìn)行比較難,比較慢;另外critical也可指有判斷力的,公正的,充分考慮優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),而文章中只是表達(dá)作者的失望,從這一層意思來看,D選項(xiàng)也不合適。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。
7.單選題
Hehasbeen()alotofpressureonmetochangemymind.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.employing
B.exerting
C.endeavoring
D.aspiring
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配。exertpressureon...表示“給……施加壓力”。句意:他對我施加了很大的壓力,要求我改變主意。結(jié)合句意,故B為正確答案。
8.翻譯題
Theabilityoffallingcatstorightthemselvesinmidairandlandontheirfeethasbeenasourceofwonderforages.Biologistslongregardeditasanexampleofadaptationbynaturalselection,butforphysicistsitborderedonthemiraculous.
Newton’slawsofmotionassumethatthetotalamountofspinofabodycannotchangeunlessanexternaltorquespeedsituporslowitdown.Ifacathasnospinwhenitisreleasedandexperiencesnoexternaltorque,itoughtnottobeabletotwistaroundasitfalls.
Inthespeedofitsexecution,therightingofatumblingcatresemblesamagician’strick.Thegyrationsofthecatinmidairaretoofastforthehumaneyetofollow,sotheprocessisobscured.Eithertheeyemustbespeededup,orthecat’sfallsloweddownforthephenomenontobeobserved.Acenturyagotheformerwasaccomplishedbymeansofhigh-speedphotographyusingequipmentnowavailableinanypharmacy.
Butinthenineteenthcenturythecaptureonfilmofafallingcatconstitutedascientificexperiment.TheexperimentwasdescribedinapaperpresentedtotheParisAcademyin1894.Twosequencesoftwentyphotographseach,onefromthesideandonefrombehind,showawhitecatintheactofrightingitself.Grainyandquaintthoughtheyare,thephotosshowthatthecatwasdroppedupsidedownwithnoinitialspin,andstilllandedonitsfeet.Carefulanalysisofthephotosrevealsthesecret:Asthecatrotatesthefrontofitsbodyclockwise,therearandtailtwistcounterclockwise,sothatthetotalspinremainszero,inperfectaccordwithNewton’slaws.Halfwaydown,thecatpullsinitslegsbeforereversingitstwistandthenextendsthemagain,withthedesiredendresult.
Theexplanationwasthatwhilenobodycanacquirespinwithouttorque,aflexibleonecanreadilychangeitsorientation,orphase.Catsknowthisinstinctively,butscientistscouldnotbesurehowithappeneduntiltheyincreasedthespeedoftheirperceptionsathousandfold.
【答案】很久以前,降落中的貓?jiān)诎肟罩衅胶馍眢w并以腳落地的能力一直令人好奇。生物學(xué)家們一直認(rèn)為這是適應(yīng)自然選擇的一個例子,但對于物理學(xué)家,這真的是不可思議。
牛頓運(yùn)動定律認(rèn)為身體自旋的總量不變,除非外部扭矩使之加速或減緩。如果一只貓?jiān)诒会尫艜r(shí)沒有旋轉(zhuǎn),也沒有感受到外部扭矩,那么它在下落時(shí)就不應(yīng)該旋轉(zhuǎn)。
翻滾著的貓,以如此的速度平衡身體就像一個魔術(shù)師變戲法。貓?jiān)诎肟罩械男D(zhuǎn)得太快,人類的眼睛很難看清,所以這個過程是模糊的。要觀察這個現(xiàn)象,要么眼睛必須加速,要么貓的下降減速。一個世紀(jì)以前,前者可以通過高速攝影的方法做到,使用的是現(xiàn)在在任何藥店都能買到的設(shè)備。
但在19世紀(jì),拍攝墜落的貓構(gòu)成了一個科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。1984年的一篇論文《巴黎學(xué)院》描述了這個實(shí)驗(yàn)。兩組共20張照片,一組從側(cè)面,另一組從后面,展示了一只白貓平衡自己的行為。盡管照片有紋理很老式,但是展示了貓的行為:起初沒有旋轉(zhuǎn),卻翻滾著落下,并仍然用腳落地。對照片的仔細(xì)分析揭示了這個秘密:貓順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)身體前部時(shí),身體后部和尾巴逆時(shí)針扭動,所以總自旋仍然是零,完全符合牛頓定律。下降中途,貓?jiān)陬嵉古まD(zhuǎn)之前腿部收緊然后再展開,這樣就得到了預(yù)期的最終結(jié)果。
其解釋是:盡管沒有扭矩,身體不能旋轉(zhuǎn),但是靈活者可以隨時(shí)改變其旋轉(zhuǎn)方向或階段。貓本能地知道這點(diǎn),但科學(xué)家們不能確定這事是怎么發(fā)生的,直到他們將其感知提高一千倍的速度。
9.單選題
Tothegreatdisappointmentofthepublic,thewantedinthemurdercasesofarremains().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.inprison
B.infreedom
C.atease
D.atlarge
【答案】D
【解析】考查詞組辨析。inprison“坐牢”;infreedom“自由”;atease“安逸;自由自在”;atlarge“詳盡的;未被捕的”。前半句提到“公眾非常失望”,由此可推測是殺人犯還沒有落網(wǎng),因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
10.單選題
Astherewasnoroad,thetravelers()uparockyslopeontheirwayback.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.ran
B.hurried
C.scrambled
D.crawled
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞組辨析。四個選項(xiàng)均與up搭配,分別是run、hurry、scramble、crawl的過去式。A選項(xiàng)ranup“匆匆制成;積欠;迅速積累;向上跑”;B選項(xiàng)hurriedup“(使)趕快”;C選項(xiàng)scrambledup“攀爬;巴結(jié);攪混起來”;D選項(xiàng)crawlup“爬上;爬到”。由本句關(guān)鍵詞“arockyslope”(巖石邊坡)可知,旅行者們需要攀爬邊坡,才能返回,所以攀爬的意思在此處符合題意。句意:因?yàn)闆]有路,旅行者們在返回的路上攀爬了一個巖石斜坡。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
11.單選題
TheNuttyProfessorwaswrittenoffas(),butinactuality,hewasasmartman!
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.complicity
B.effigy
C.inane
D.diatribe
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)complicity“共謀;串通;共犯關(guān)系”;B選項(xiàng)effigy“雕像;肖像”;C選項(xiàng)inane“空洞的;愚蠢的”;D選項(xiàng)diatribe“誹謗;惡罵”。句意:肥佬教授被描寫成愚蠢的,但是在現(xiàn)實(shí)中他卻是一個聰明的人。結(jié)合句意可知C選項(xiàng)正確。
12.單選題
Thereisthefearthatbabiesmightbegeneticallyalteredtosuittheparents'wishes.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.enhanced
B.revised
C.alternated
D.modified
【答案】D
【解析】動詞辨析。句意:人們擔(dān)心有些父母為了使小孩達(dá)到他們的期望而(
)其基因。
enhance:提高,加強(qiáng),增進(jìn)。revise修改,校訂。alternate交替,輪流。modify修改,更改,改變。alter:改變,更改。
13.單選題
Wearewritingtothemanager(
)therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.withtheexceptionof
B.withthepurposeof
C.withreferenceto
D.withaviewto
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞組辨析。withtheexceptionof“除了…以外”;withthepurposeof“目的,用途”;in/withreferenceto“關(guān)于,就…而言”;withaviewto“著眼于”。句意:我們給經(jīng)理寫信反映關(guān)于最近在以上地址進(jìn)行維修的有關(guān)情況。C項(xiàng)符合句意,答案C
14.單選題
Inatyphoon,winds()aspeedgreaterthan120kilometersperhour.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.assume
B.accomplish
C.attain
D.assemble
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)assume“采?。怀尸F(xiàn);承擔(dān)”;B選項(xiàng)accomplish“完成;實(shí)現(xiàn)”;C選項(xiàng)attain“實(shí)現(xiàn);獲得;達(dá)到”;D選項(xiàng)assemble“集合;裝配;收集”。句意:在臺風(fēng)中,風(fēng)速達(dá)到每小時(shí)120公里。根據(jù)句中“Inatyphoon在臺風(fēng)中”可知“達(dá)到”符合語境,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
15.單選題
Veryfewexpertshavebeenableto(
)withcompletelynewanswerstotheworld’seconomicproblem.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.comeup
B.cometo
C.comeon
D.comeround
【答案】A
【解析】考查詞組辨析。comeupwith“提出,想出”。句意:很少有專家能夠提出應(yīng)對世界經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的全新方案。A項(xiàng)符合題意。
16.單選題
Aninvisibleborderdividesthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomonthebehalfofstudents’careerprospectsandthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomforbroaderreasonsofradicaleducationalreform.Veryfewwritersonthesubjecthaveexploredthisdistinction—whichgoestotheheartofwhatiswrongwiththecampaigntoputcomputersintheclassroom.
Aneducationthataimsatgettingastudentacertainkindofjobisatechnicaleducation,justifiedforreasonsradicallydifferentfromwhyeducationisuniversallyrequiredbylaw.Itisnotsimplytoraiseeveryone’sjobprospectsthatallchildrenarelegallyrequiredtoattendschoolintotheirteens.Rather,wehaveacertainconceptionoftheAmericancitizen,acharacterwhoisincompleteifhecannotcompetentlyassesshowhislivelihoodandhappinessareaffectedbythingsoutsideofhimself.Butthiswasnotalwaysthecase;beforeitwaslegallyrequiredforallchildrentoattendschooluntilacertainage,itwaswidelyacceptedthatsomewerejustnotequippedbynaturetopursuethiskindofeducation.Withoptimismcharacteristicallindustrializedcountries,wecametoacceptthateveryoneisfittobeeducated.Compute-educationadvocatesforsakethisoptimisticnotionforapessimismthatbetraystheirotherwisecheeryoutlook.Bankingontheconfusionbetweeneducationalandvocationalreasonsforbringingcomputersintoschools;computeradvocatesoftenemphasizethejobprospectsofgraduatesovertheireducationalachievement.
Therearesomegoodargumentsforatechnicaleducationgiventherightkindofstudent.ManyEuropeanschoolsintroducetheconceptofprofessionaltrainingearlyoninordertomakesurechildrenareproperlyequippedfortheprofessionstheywanttojoin.Itis,however,presumptuoustoinsistthattherewillonlybesomanyjobsforsomanyscientists,somanybusinessmen,andsomanyaccountants.Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalinacountryaslargeasoursandwheretheeconomyisspreadoversomanystatesandinvolvessomanyinternationalcorporations.
Butforasmallgroupofstudents,professionaltrainingmightbethewaytogosincewell-developedskills,allotherfactorsbeingequal,canbethedifferencebetweenhavingajobandnot.Ofcourse,thebasicsofusinganycomputerthesedaysareverysimple.Itdoesnottakealifelongacquaintancetopickupvarioussoftwareprograms.Ifonewantedtobecomeacomputerengineer,thatis,ofcourse,anentirelydifferentstory.Basiccomputerskillstake—attheverylongest—acoupleofmonthstolearn.Inanycase,basiccomputerskillsareonlycomplementarytothehostofrealskillsthatarenecessarytobecominganykindofprofessional.Itshouldbeobserved,ofcourse,thatnoschool,vocationalornot,ishelpedbyaconfusionoveritspurpose.
1.Theauthorthinksthepresentrushtoputcomputersintheclassroomis____.
2.Thebeliefthateducationisindispensabletoallchildren____.
3.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheauthor’scountrytheEuropeanmodelofprofessionaltrainingis____.
4.Accordingtotheauthor,basiccomputerskillsshouldbe____.
5.Thewordpresumptuousinthethirdparagraphmeans____.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.far-reaching
B.dubiouslyoriented
C.self-contradictory
D.radicallyreformatory
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.isindicativeofapessimismindisguise
B.cameintobeingalongwiththearrivalofcomputers
C.isdeeplyrootedinthemindsofcomputer-educationadvocates
D.originatedfromtheoptimisticattitudeofindustrializedcountries
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.dependentuponthestartingageofcandidates
B.worthtryinginvarioussocialsections
C.oflittlepracticalvalue
D.attractivetoeverykindofprofessional
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.includedasanauxiliarycourseinschool
B.highlightedinacquisitionofprofessionalqualifications
C.masteredthroughalife-longcourse
D.equallyemphasizedbyanyschool,vocationalorotherwise
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.self-assured
B.confident
C.insolent
D.arrogant
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:C
【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Theauthorthinksthepresentrushtoputcomputersintheclassroomis____.作者認(rèn)為,目前把電腦放在教室的熱潮是____。
A.far-reachingA.影響深遠(yuǎn)的
B.dubiouslyorientedB.目的不明確的
C.self-contradictoryC.自相矛盾的
D.radicallyreformatoryD.根本變革的
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題
【解題思路】本題詢問的是作者對“把電腦放進(jìn)教室的熱潮”的看法。原文第1段介紹了對于該運(yùn)動目的的兩種不同聲音:為了學(xué)生的就業(yè)前景(students’careerprospects)和為了教育的徹底改革(radicaleducationalreform)。根據(jù)第2段最后一句中“寄望于(Bankingon)將電腦引入學(xué)校的教育和職業(yè)原因的混淆(theconfusionbetween)……”和第4段最后一句中“對目的的混淆(aconfusionoveritspurpose)”可知,作者認(rèn)為這么做的目的不明確。B選項(xiàng)“目的不明確的”符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“影響深遠(yuǎn)的”、C選項(xiàng)“自相矛盾的”、D選項(xiàng)“根本變革的”不符合原文。
第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Thebeliefthateducationisindispensabletoallchildren____.認(rèn)為教育對所有的孩子都是不可或缺的觀點(diǎn)____。
A.isindicativeofapessimismindisguiseA.是一種偽裝的悲觀主義的暗示
B.cameintobeingalongwiththearrivalofcomputersB.是隨著電腦的出現(xiàn)而產(chǎn)生的
C.isdeeplyrootedinthemindsofcomputer-educationadvocatesC.已深深扎根于計(jì)算機(jī)教育倡導(dǎo)者的頭腦中
D.originatedfromtheoptimisticattitudeofindustrializedcountriesD.源于工業(yè)化國家的樂觀態(tài)度
【答案】D
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞educationisindispensable定位到原文第2段第5句。該句提到“伴隨著所有工業(yè)化國家(industrializedcountries)的樂觀主義特點(diǎn)(optimismcharacteristic),我們開始接受每個人都適合接受教育的觀點(diǎn)?!庇纱丝芍?,認(rèn)為教育對所有的孩子都是不可或缺的觀點(diǎn)是伴隨著工業(yè)化國家的樂觀特點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生的。D選項(xiàng)“源于工業(yè)化國家的樂觀態(tài)度”符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“是一種偽裝的悲觀主義的暗示”,“悲觀主義”可以定位到原文第2段倒數(shù)第2句,該句提到“計(jì)算機(jī)教育的倡導(dǎo)者們放棄了這種樂觀的觀念,取而代之的是一種與他們原本樂觀的前景背道而馳的悲觀主義(apessimism)”,由此可知,原文“悲觀主義”是說計(jì)算機(jī)教育倡導(dǎo)者的態(tài)度,而不是說工業(yè)化國家,該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴;
B選項(xiàng)“是隨著電腦的出現(xiàn)而產(chǎn)生的”,原文并未提及,屬于無中生有;
C選項(xiàng)“已深深扎根于計(jì)算機(jī)教育倡導(dǎo)者的頭腦中”,可定位到原文第2段最后一句,該句提到“計(jì)算機(jī)的擁護(hù)者經(jīng)常強(qiáng)調(diào)畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)前景(jobprospects),而不是(over)他們的教育成就(educationalachievement)?!庇纱丝芍?jì)算機(jī)教育倡導(dǎo)者看重的不是教育本身,該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。
第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheauthor’scountrytheEuropeanmodelofprofessionaltrainingis____.從文章中可以推斷出,在作者的國家,歐洲的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)模式是____。
A.dependentuponthestartingageofcandidatesA.取決于申請人的起始年齡
B.worthtryinginvarioussocialsectionsB.在不同的社交領(lǐng)域都值得一試
C.oflittlepractic
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