考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海音樂(lè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海音樂(lè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Lastmonththefirstbaby-boomersturned60.Thebulkygenerationbornbetween1946and1964isheadingtowardsretirement.Thelooming“demographiccliff”willseevastnumbersofskilledworkersdispatchedfromthelaborforce.Theworkforceisageingacrosstherichworld.WithintheEUthenumberofworkersagedbetween50and64willincreaseby25%overthenexttwodecades,whilethoseaged20-29willdecreaseby20%.InJapanalmost20%ofthepopulationisalreadyover65,thehighestshareintheworld.AndintheUnitedStatesthenumberofworkersaged55-64willhaveincreasedbymorethanhalfinthisdecade,atthesametimeasthe35-to-44-year-oldsdeclineby10%.

Giventhatmostsocietiesaregearedtoretirementataround65，companieshavealoomingproblemofknowledgemanagement,ofmakingsurethattheboomersdonotleavebeforetheyhavehandedovertheirexpertisealongwiththeofficekeysandtheire-mailaddress.Asurveyofhuman-resourcesdirectorsbyIBMlastyearconcluded:“Whenthebaby-boomergenerationretires,manycompanieswillfindouttoolatethatacareer'sworthofexperiencehaswalkedoutthedoor,leavinginsufficienttalenttofillinthevoid.”

Somealsofaceashortageofexpertise.Inaerospaceanddefense,forexample,asmuchas40%oftheworkforceinsomecompanieswillbeeligibletoretirewithinthenextfiveyears.Atthesametime,thenumberofengineeringgraduatesindevelopedcountriesisinsteepdecline.

Afewcompaniesaresosqueezedthattheyarealreadytakingexceptionalmeasures.EarlierthisyeartheLosAngelesTimesinterviewedanenterprisingAustralianwhowasstayinginBeverlyHillswhilehetriedtopersuadelocalstoemigratetoToowoomba,Queensland,toworkforhisengineeringcompanythere.Toowoombatoday;therestofthedevelopedworldtomorrow?

Ifyoulookhardenough,youcanfindcompaniesthathavebeguntoadapttheworkplacetoolderworkers.TheAARP,anAmericanassociationfortheover-50s,producesanannuallistofthebestemployersofitsmembers.Health-carefirmsinvariablycomenearthetopbecausetheyareoneoftheindustriesmostinneedofskilledlabor.Othersectorssimilarlyaffected,saystheConferenceBoard,includeoil,gas,energyandgovernment.

NearthetopoftheAARP’slatestlistcomesDeere&Company,ano-nonsenseindustrial-equipmentmanufacturerbasedinIllinois;about35%ofDeere’s46,000employeesareover50andanumberofthemareintheir70s.Thetoolsitusestoachievethat—flexibleworking,telecommuting,andsoforth—alsocoincidentallyhelpolderworkerstoextendtheirworkinglives.Thecompanyspends“alotoftime”ontheergonomicsofitsfactories,makingjobstherelesstiring,whichenablesolderworkerstostayatthemforlonger.

Likewise,formorethanadecade,Toyota,arguablytheworld’smostadvancedmanufacturer,hasadapteditsworkstationstoolderworkers.Theshortageofskilledlaboravailabletotheautomotiveindustryhasmadeitunusuallykeentorecruitolderworkers.BMWrecentlysetupafactoryinLeipzigthatexpresslysetouttoemploypeopleovertheageof45.

Needsmustwhenthedevildrives.Otherfirmsarepolishingtheiralumninetworks.IBMusesitsnetworktorecruitretiredpeopleforparticularprojects.Ernst&Young,aprofessional-servicesfirm,hasabout30,000registeredalumni,andabout25%ofits“experienced”newrecruitsareformeremployeeswhoreturnafteranabsence.

Butsuchexamplesareunusual.AsurveyinAmericalastmonthbyErnst&Youngfoundthat“althoughcorporateAmericaforeseesasignificantworkforceshortageasboomersretire,itisnotdealingwiththeissue.”Almostthree-quartersofthe1,400globalcompaniesquestionedbyDeloittelastyearsaidtheyexpectedashortageofsalariedstaffoverthenextthreetofiveyears.Yetfewofthemarelookingtoolderworkerstofillthatshortage;andevenfewerarelookingtothemtofillanothergapthathasalreadyappeared.ManyfirmsinEuropeandAmericacomplainthattheystruggletofindqualifieddirectorsfortheirboardswhenthepoolofretiredtalentfromthoseverysamefirmsisgrowingbyleapsandbounds.

Whyarefirmsnotworkinghardertokeepoldemployees?Partofthereasonisthatthecrunchhasbeenbeyondthehorizonofmostmanagers.Norishangingontoolderworkerstheonlywaytocopewithafallingsupplyoflabor.Theparticipationofdevelopingcountriesintheworldeconomyhasincreasedtheoverallsupply—whateverthelocaleffectofdemographicsintherichcountries.AvastamountofworkisbeingsentoffshoretosuchplacesasChinaandIndiaandmorewillgoinfuture.Somecountries,suchasAustralia,arerelaxingtheirimmigrationpoliciestoallowmuchneededskillstocomeinfromabroad.Otherswillavoidtheneedforworkersbyspendingmoneyonmachineryandautomation.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themostseriousconsequenceofbaby-boomersapproachingretirementwouldbe（）.

2.ThefollowingareallthemeasuresthatcompanieshaveadoptedtocopewiththeageingworkforceEXCEPT（）.

3.“Thecompanyspends‘a(chǎn)lotoftime’ontheergonomicsofitsfactories”meansthat（）.

4.Intheauthor’sopinion,Americanfirmsarenotdoinganythingtodealwiththeissueoftheageingworkforcemainlybecause（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sdevelopmentofargument?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alossofknowledgeandexperiencetomanycompanies

B.adecreaseinthenumberof35-to-44-year-olds

C.acontinuousincreaseinthenumberof50-to-64-year-olds

D.itsimpactonthedevelopedworldwhoseworkforceisageing

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.makingplacesofworkaccommodatetheneedsofolderworkers

B.usingalumninetworkstohireretiredformeremployees

C.encouragingformeremployeestoworkoverseas

D.grantingmoreconvenienceinworkinghourstoolderworkers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thecompanyattachesgreatimportancetothelayoutofitsfactories

B.thecompanyimprovestheworkingconditionsinitsfactories

C.thecompanyattemptstoreduceproductioncostsofitsfactories

D.thecompanyintendstorenovateitsfactoriesandupdateequipment

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavenotbeenawareoftheproblem

B.theyarereluctanttohireolderworkers

C.theyarenotsureofwhattheyshoulddo

D.theyhaveotheroptionstoconsider

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.introducingtheissue—citingwaystodealwiththeissue—describingtheactualstatus—offeringreasons.

B.describingtheactualstatus—introducingtheissue—citingwaystodealwiththeissue—offeringreasons.

C.citingwaystodealwiththeissue—introducingtheissue—describingtheactualstatus—offeringreasons.

D.describingtheactualstatus—offeringreasonsintroducingtheissue—citingwaystodealwiththeissue.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)文章，嬰兒潮一代（指出生于生育高峰期的人，生育高峰兒），即將退休的最嚴(yán)重后果將是_________。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第一句話Lastmonththefirstbaby-boomersturned60.Thebulkygenerationbornbetween1946and1964isheadingtowardsretirement.Thelooming“demographiccliff”willseevastnumbersofskilledworkersdispatchedfromthelaborforce.Theworkforceisageingacrosstherichworld.（上個(gè)月，嬰兒潮一代迎來(lái)了60歲生日。1946年至1964年出生的龐大一代正走向退休。即將出現(xiàn)的“人口懸崖”將導(dǎo)致大量熟練工人從勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)流失。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的勞動(dòng)力都在老齡化。），所以D選項(xiàng)“它對(duì)勞動(dòng)力老齡化的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的影響”，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)許多公司來(lái)說(shuō)是知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的損失”，在文中并未提及，故排除。B選項(xiàng)“35-44歲人數(shù)的減少”，C選項(xiàng)“50-64歲人數(shù)的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)”，都是工人年齡未來(lái)的趨勢(shì)而不是后果，所以不符合題意。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。題干：以下是各公司為應(yīng)付勞動(dòng)力老化而采取的所有措施，除了_______。根據(jù)文章第六段第二句話Thetoolsitusestoachievethat—flexibleworking,telecommuting,andsoforth—alsocoincidentallyhelpolderworkerstoextendtheirworkinglives.（用來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的工具—靈活工作、遠(yuǎn)程辦公等等—也巧合地幫助了年長(zhǎng)的員工延長(zhǎng)了他們的工作壽命。），可知A選項(xiàng)“使工作場(chǎng)所適應(yīng)年長(zhǎng)工人的需要”和D選項(xiàng)“給年長(zhǎng)的工人在工作時(shí)間上提供更多的便利”，是公司采取的措施，故排除A，D選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)文章第八段第二句話Otherfirmsarepolishingtheiralumninetworks.（其他公司也在完善他們的校友網(wǎng)絡(luò)），可知B選項(xiàng)“利用校友網(wǎng)絡(luò)來(lái)雇傭退休的前雇員”，也是公司采取的措施之一。只有C選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)前雇員到海外工作”，在文中沒(méi)有提及。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。題干：“公司在工廠的人體工程學(xué)上花費(fèi)了‘大量時(shí)間’”，意味著_______。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第六段最后一句話Thecompanyspends“alotoftime”ontheergonomicsofitsfactories,makingjobstherelesstiring,whichenablesolderworkerstostayatthemforlonger.（該公司在工廠的人體工程學(xué)上花費(fèi)了“大量時(shí)間”，使那里的工作不那么累人，從而使年老的工人在那里呆的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)。），A選項(xiàng)“公司非常重視工廠的布局”，B選項(xiàng)“公司改善了工廠的工作條件”，C選項(xiàng)“公司試圖降低工廠的生產(chǎn)成本”，D選項(xiàng)“公司打算更新工廠和設(shè)備”，以上選項(xiàng)只有B選項(xiàng)才能是在人體工程學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上使工作不那么累人。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：在作者看來(lái)，美國(guó)公司沒(méi)有采取任何措施來(lái)解決勞動(dòng)力老齡化問(wèn)題，主要是因?yàn)開(kāi)______。根據(jù)題干定位到文章最后一段第一句話Whyarefirmsnotworkinghardertokeepoldemployees?Partofthereasonisthatthecrunchhasbeenbeyondthehorizonofmostmanagers.Norishangingontoolderworkerstheonlywaytocopewithafallingsupplyoflabor.（為什么公司不努力留住老員工？部分原因是，問(wèn)題已經(jīng)超出了大多數(shù)管理者的能力范圍。抓住老員工不放也不是應(yīng)對(duì)勞動(dòng)力供應(yīng)下降的唯一辦法。），所以D選項(xiàng)“他們會(huì)考慮其他選擇”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“他們還沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題”，B選項(xiàng)“他們不愿意雇傭年長(zhǎng)的工人”和C選項(xiàng)“他們不確定他們應(yīng)該做什么”，在文中均沒(méi)有提及。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

5.推理判斷題。題干：下面哪一個(gè)最好地描述了作者的論證過(guò)程？文章第一段第一句話就引出話題，描述現(xiàn)狀Lastmonththefirstbaby-boomersturned60.（上個(gè)月，嬰兒潮一代迎來(lái)了60歲生日）。接下來(lái)第一、二、三段具體展開(kāi)了帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題。第四、五、六、七、八段都在說(shuō)明公司采取的一些措施，第九，十段則是在說(shuō)明公司對(duì)勞動(dòng)力老齡化問(wèn)題不采取措施的原因，所以只有B選項(xiàng)符合文章的論述過(guò)程。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Severalloudspeakersare（）fromtheceilingandwecanhearthespeakerveryclearly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.connected

B.sustained

C.associated

D.suspended

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)connect“有聯(lián)系的”。B選項(xiàng)sustain“持續(xù)的”。C選項(xiàng)associate“聯(lián)合的”。D選項(xiàng)suspend“懸浮的，暫?！?。句意：天花板上有幾個(gè)擴(kuò)音器，我們可以很清楚地聽(tīng)到說(shuō)話者的聲音。擴(kuò)音器是懸掛在天花板上的，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Shemadetwocopiesofthispoemandpostedthem（）todifferentpublishers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensationally

B.simultaneously

C.strenuously

D.simply

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。sensational轟動(dòng)的、聳人聽(tīng)聞的；simultaneously同時(shí)地；strenuous緊張的，費(fèi)力的；simply簡(jiǎn)單地。由前半句“她將這首詩(shī)復(fù)印了兩份”以及后半句的“不同的出版商”可推知她同時(shí)將兩份復(fù)印件寄給了不同的出版商。故B項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Hewasinexperiencedandlackofpreparation,sohisfirstexperimentwas（）tofail.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.foreseen

B.destined

C.predicted

D.considered

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)foreseen表示“預(yù)知；預(yù)見(jiàn)”，B選項(xiàng)destined表示“注定的，命定的”，C選項(xiàng)predicted表示“預(yù)測(cè)；預(yù)示”，D選項(xiàng)considered表示“考慮，深思熟慮”。由句意可知，他缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)并且準(zhǔn)備工作也不充分，所以他的初次實(shí)驗(yàn)注定會(huì)失敗，固定搭配bedestinedto表示“一定會(huì)，肯定會(huì)”。因此本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

Recently,theUnitedStatesFishandwildlifeServiceannounceditwoulddesignate“criticalhabitat”fortheendangeredjaguarintheUnitedStatesandtakethefirststepstowardcommandingajaguarrecoveryplan.Thisisapolicyreversal(therewaspreciousdecisionfromthemnottodeterminecriticalhabitatforthejaguar)and,onthesurface,itmayappeartobeavictoryfortheconservationcommunityandforjaguars,thelargestwildcatsintheWesternHemisphere.Butassomeonewhohasstudiedjaguarsfornearlythreedecades,Icantellyouitisnothinglessthanaslapinthefacetogoodscience.

DesignatingjaguarhabitatmeansthatFishandWildlifemustnowalsoformulatearecoveryplanforthejaguar.Butjaguarshavenotbeenabletoreestablishthemselvesnaturallyoverthepastcentury,thegovernmentwilllikelyhavetogotosignificantexpensetoattempttobringthemback—especiallyifthecatshavetobereintroduced.

Sowhynotdoeverythingwecanatwhatevercost,tobringjaguarsbackintotheUnitedStates?Tobeginwith,theAmericanSouthwestis,atbest,marginalhabitatfortheanimals.Moreimportantly,therearebetterwaystohelpjaguars.Southofourborder,fromMexicotoArgentina,thousandsofjaguarsliveandbreedintheirtruecriticalhabitat.GovernmentsandconservationgroupsarealreadyworkinghardtoconservejaguarpopulationsandconnectthemtooneanotherthroughaninitiativecalledtheJaguarCorridor.

ThejaguarsthatnowandthencrossintotheUnitedStatesmostlikelycomefromthenorthernmostpopulationofjaguars,inSonora,Mexico.Ratherthandemandjaguarsreturntoourcountry,weshouldhelpMexicoandotherjaguar-rangecountriesconservetheanimals’truehabitat.

TherecentmovebytheFishandwildlifeServicemeansthatthesparsefederalfundsdevotedtoprotectingwildanimalswillbewastedoneffortsthatcannothelpsavejaguars.Mostimportant,thisalsostandstoweakentheEndangeredSpeciesAct,becauseifcriticalhabitatisredefinedasanyplacewhereaspeciesmighteverhaveexisted,andwhereyouorImightwantittoexistagain,thenthedoorisopenformanyothersenselesseffortstobringbacklong-lostcreatures.

TheFishandWildlifeofficialswhosejobistoprotectthecountry’swildanimalsneedtogrowastrongerbackbone—stickwiththeiroriginal,correctdecisionandsavetheirmoneyformoreusefulpreservationwork.Otherwise,whenfundsareneededtopreserveallthosesmall,ugly,non-attractiveendangeredspeciesatthebackoftheline,theremaybenomoneyleft.

6.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?

7.Toachievejaguarrecovery,authoritiesprobablyneedto（）.

8.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmeasuresshouldwetaketokeepjaguar’snumber?

9.WhatdoestheauthorconcernmostabouttheFishandWildlifeService’snewdecision?

10.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheFishandWildlifeService（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Designatingcriticalhabitatisavictoryfortheconservationcommunity.

B.Thecriticalhabitatdesignationdoesnotfollowthelawofscience.

C.Todesignatecriticalhabitatisthefirststepofajaguarrecoveryplan.

D.Thecriticalhabitatdesignationshowsthepolicyreversalofanimalprotection.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.startanewinitiativetoconservejaguar’spopulation

B.raisethenumberofjaguar’scriticalhabitat

C.investasubstantialamountofmoney

D.reversetheiroriginalpolicyofjaguar

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ToreintroducejaguarsintoAmerica.

B.Toprotectjaguar’struehabitat.

C.ToconstructmorenewhabitatinAmerica.

D.Toinvestmorefederalfundsforjaguars.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thegovernment’sjaguarprotectioneffortsmaybewasted

B.Wemaylosejaguar’struehabitatcompletelyinAmerica.

C.Thismayincurappealstoreintroduceotherlong-lastanimals.

D.Thedefinitionofcriticalhabitatmayhavetoberewritten.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.failedtoinsistontheircorrectdecision

B.mainlyfocusesonjaguar’sconservation

C.hasformulatedaplanforjaguar’sreintroduction

D.spendsmoremoneytopreservejaguarthanithas

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】6.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段Butassomeonewhohasstudiedjaguarsfornearlythreedecades,Icantellyouitisnothinglessthanaslapinthefacetogoodscience.（但是作為一個(gè)研究了近三十年的美洲虎的人，我可以告訴你，這不過(guò)是對(duì)好科學(xué)的一記耳光。）前面作者說(shuō)到，“表面上是一個(gè)勝利”，而后一句就否定了，因此在作者看來(lái)他是不支持這個(gè)新棲息地指定的，因此B選項(xiàng)“關(guān)鍵棲息地的指定并不遵循科學(xué)規(guī)律”正確。A選項(xiàng)“指定關(guān)鍵棲息地是保護(hù)團(tuán)體的勝利”，作者認(rèn)為這只是表面的；C選項(xiàng)“確定關(guān)鍵棲息地是美洲豹恢復(fù)計(jì)劃的第一步”，作者沒(méi)有說(shuō)明；D選項(xiàng)“關(guān)鍵棲息地的確定表明了動(dòng)物保護(hù)政策的逆轉(zhuǎn)”，這是作者的反諷。

7.判斷推理題。在第三段中Moreimportantly,therearebetterwaystohelpjaguars.Southofourborder...connectthemtooneanotherthroughaninitiativecalledtheJaguarCorridor.（更重要的是，有更好的方法來(lái)幫助美洲虎。從墨西哥到阿根廷，我們邊界以南，成千上萬(wàn)的美洲虎生活在它們真正重要的棲息地，它們生活和繁殖。各國(guó)政府和保護(hù)組織已經(jīng)在努力保護(hù)美洲虎種群，并通過(guò)一項(xiàng)名為“捷豹走廊”的倡議，將它們相互聯(lián)系起來(lái)。）以及后面的weshouldhelpMexicoandotherjaguar-rangecountriesconservetheanimals’truehabitat.（我們應(yīng)該幫助墨西哥和其他美洲虎國(guó)家保護(hù)這些動(dòng)物真正的棲息地，而不是要求美洲虎返回我國(guó)。）可以看出，在作者看來(lái)現(xiàn)在最關(guān)鍵的是這個(gè)政策并不對(duì)，因此D選項(xiàng)“改變他們?cè)瓉?lái)對(duì)美洲虎的政策”正確。A選項(xiàng)“開(kāi)始一項(xiàng)保護(hù)美洲虎種群的新計(jì)劃”，這個(gè)是正在做的，而不是作者的觀點(diǎn)；B選項(xiàng)“增加美洲虎的關(guān)鍵棲息地?cái)?shù)量”，是作者所不同意的，作者認(rèn)為重點(diǎn)不是數(shù)量，而是找到真正適合它們居住的地方；C選項(xiàng)“投資一大筆錢(qián)”，這個(gè)是之后可能會(huì)需要的，而不是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。

8.判斷推理題。B選項(xiàng)“保護(hù)美洲虎真正的棲息地”在倒數(shù)第三段Ratherthandemandjaguarsreturntoourcountry,weshouldhelpMexicoandotherjaguar-rangecountriesconservetheanimals’truehabitat.（我們應(yīng)該幫助墨西哥和其他美洲虎國(guó)家保護(hù)這些動(dòng)物真正的棲息地，而不是要求美洲虎返回我國(guó)。）因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“將美洲虎重新引入美洲”在剛剛這句話中已經(jīng)否定了，Ratherthandemandjaguarsreturntoourcountry（而不是要求美洲虎返回我國(guó)）；因此C選項(xiàng)在“美國(guó)建造更多的新棲息地”，也是不正確的；D選項(xiàng)“為美洲虎投入更多的聯(lián)邦資金”，這個(gè)是有提到，但是并沒(méi)有說(shuō)是現(xiàn)在Otherwise,whenfundsareneededtopreserveallthosesmall,ugly,non-attractiveendangeredspeciesatthebackoftheline,theremaybenomoneyleft.（否則，當(dāng)需要資金來(lái)保護(hù)排在后面的所有這些小的、丑陋的、不吸引人的瀕危物種時(shí)，可能就沒(méi)有錢(qián)了。）

9.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段Mostimportant,thisalsostandstoweakenthe...othersenselesseffortstobringbacklong-lostcreatures.（最重要的是，這也會(huì)削弱《瀕危物種法》，因?yàn)槿绻麑㈥P(guān)鍵棲息地重新定義為某個(gè)物種可能存在的任何地方，并且你或我可能希望它再次存在，那么，這扇門(mén)將為許多其他毫無(wú)意義的努力打開(kāi)，以找回長(zhǎng)期丟失的生物。）而在作者看來(lái)?xiàng)⒌氐亩x非常重要，因?yàn)檫@就決定了美洲虎可以在什么地方被保護(hù)，因此他認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)新決定最大的影響就是改變了棲息地的定義，因此D選項(xiàng)“關(guān)鍵棲息地的定義可能必須重寫(xiě)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“政府保護(hù)美洲虎的努力可能白費(fèi)了”，過(guò)于籠統(tǒng)；B選項(xiàng)“我們可能會(huì)在美國(guó)完全失去美洲虎真正的棲息地”，這不是作者的觀點(diǎn)；C選項(xiàng)“這可能招致重新引進(jìn)其他壽命較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)物的呼吁”，無(wú)關(guān)項(xiàng)。

10.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到到最后一段第一句TheFishandWildlifeofficialswhosejobistoprotectthecountry’swildanimalsneedtogrowastrongerbackbone—stickwiththeiroriginal,correctdecisionandsavetheirmoneyformoreusefulpreservationwork.（負(fù)責(zé)保護(hù)國(guó)家野生動(dòng)物的魚(yú)類(lèi)和野生動(dòng)物官員需要培養(yǎng)一個(gè)更強(qiáng)壯的骨干，堅(jiān)持他們?cè)瓉?lái)正確的決定，并為更有用的保護(hù)工作節(jié)省資金。）通過(guò)這句話我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們應(yīng)該是之前沒(méi)有能夠堅(jiān)持正確的決定，因此A選項(xiàng)“未能堅(jiān)持自己的正確決定”正確。B選項(xiàng)“主要關(guān)注美洲虎的保護(hù)”沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)；C選項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)為美洲虎的重新引入制定了計(jì)劃”，錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“花在保護(hù)美洲虎上的錢(qián)比實(shí)際的要多”，與文章正好相反。

6.單選題

Themanagerspokehighlyofsuch（

）asloyalty,courageandtruthfulnessshownbyhisemployees.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.virtues

B.features

C.properties

D.characteristics

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。virtue“美德，優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)”；feature“特征，特點(diǎn)”；property“特性，性能，財(cái)產(chǎn)”；characteristic“特征，特點(diǎn)”。句意：經(jīng)理高度贊揚(yáng)了員工所體現(xiàn)的忠誠(chéng)、勇敢和誠(chéng)實(shí)的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)。題干中的loyalty，courage和truthfulness都屬于“優(yōu)秀的品質(zhì)”，因此答案選A。

7.單選題

Ihavehadjustaboutenoughofbeingtreatedlikeasecond-classcitizen,simplybecauseIhappentobethatunfairlytreatedmemberofsociety—acustomer.ThemoreIgointoshopsandhotels,banksandpostoffices,railwaystations,airportsandthelike,themoreIamconvincedthethingsarebeingrunsolelytosuitthefirm,thesystem,ortheunion.Thereseemstobeadeceptivenewmottoforso-called“service”organizationsStaffBeforeService.

Howoften,forexample,haveyouqueuedforwhatseemslikehoursatthePostOfficeorthesupermarketbecausetherewerenotenoughstaffondutytomanalltheservicegrillesorcheckoutcounters?Surelyinthesedaysofhighunemploymentitmustbepossibletohirecashiersandcounterstaff.Yetsupermarketshintingdarklyathigherprices,claimthatuncoveringalltheircashregistersatanyonetimewouldincreaseoperatingcosts.AndthePostOfficesayswecannotexpectalltheirservicegrillestobeoccupied"attimeswhendemandislow”.

Itisthesamewithhotels,becausewaitersandkitchenstaffmustfinishwhenitsuitsthem,diningroomscloseearlierormenuchoiceiscutshort.Asforusguests,wejusthavetoputupwithit.Thereisalsothenonsenseofsomanyfriendlyhotelnightportershavingbeenthrownoutoftheirjobsintheinterestsof"efficiency”andreplacedbycoin-eatingmachineswhichoffereverythingfromlagertolaxatives.Nottomentionthetea-makingkitinyourroom:akettlewithamixedcollectionofteabags,plasticmilkboxesandlumpsugar.Whowantstowakeuptoarawteabag?Idonot,especiallywhenIampayingfor“service”.

Canitbestopped,thisworseningofservice,thisgrowingattitudethatthecustomerisalwaysabore?Iangrilyhopesobecauseitishappening,sadly,inallwalksoflife.

Ouronlyhopeistohammerhomeourangerwheneverandwhereverwecanand,ifallelsefails,bringbackintopracticethatother,olderslogan-TakeOurDealElsewhere.

1.Thewriterfeelsthatnowadaysacustomer（

）.

2.Thewriterarguesthatthequalityofserviceischangingbecause（

）.

3.Accordingtothewriter,longqueuesatcountersarecausedby（

）.

4.Serviceorganizationscontendthatkeepingallcheckoutcountersoperatedcanresultin（

）.

5.Thewritersuggeststhatacustomer（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deservestheloweststatusinsociety

B.isunworthyofproperconsideration

C.receivesunexpectedqualityservice

D.isthevictimofsomepublicservices

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.customers'demandshavegreatlychanged

B.servicesprovidedneverbecomeconsistent

C.thestaffreceivemoreconsiderationthancustomers

D.staffmembersarelessconsideratethantheiremployers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.difficultiesinhiringemployees

B.deliberateunderstaffing

C.lackofcooperationbetweenstaffmembers

D.employeesirresponsibility

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.demandsbycashiersforapayraise

B.insignificantbenefitsforthecustomers.

C.ariseinthecostforprovidingservice.

D.needstopurchaseexpensiveequipment

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.putupwiththerudemannersofthestaff

B.bepatientwhenqueuingbeforecheckoutcounters

C.trytocontrolhistemperwhenill-treated

D.gotootherplaceswheregoodserviceisavailable

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問(wèn)的是“作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的消費(fèi)者如何？”文章第一段第一句話提到“我受夠了被作為二等公民對(duì)待，僅僅因?yàn)槲沂且粋€(gè)被不公正對(duì)待的社會(huì)成員—一個(gè)消費(fèi)者”(Ihavehadjustaboutenoughofbeingtreatedlikeasecond-classcitizen,simplybecauseIhappentobethatunfairlytreatedmemberofsociety—acustomer)，接下來(lái)談及到在飯店、郵局、火車(chē)站、機(jī)場(chǎng)等地的一些經(jīng)歷，由這些可知選項(xiàng)D“是一些公共服務(wù)的受害者”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問(wèn)的是“作者認(rèn)為服務(wù)質(zhì)量正在變化的原因是什么？”文章第二段第一句話提到“你有沒(méi)有因?yàn)猷]局或者超市沒(méi)有足夠的員工來(lái)安排他們的工作窗口或者收銀臺(tái)而排幾個(gè)小時(shí)的隊(duì)？”(Howoften,forexample,haveyouqueuedforwhatseemslikehoursatthePostOfficeorthesupermarketbecausetherewerenotenoughstaffondutytomanalltheservicegrillesorcheckoutcounters?)，選項(xiàng)C“對(duì)員工的考慮多余對(duì)顧客的考慮”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問(wèn)的是“在作者看來(lái)，柜臺(tái)前排長(zhǎng)隊(duì)的原因是什么？”文章提到之所以有時(shí)候需要排幾個(gè)小時(shí)的對(duì)是因?yàn)閱T工配備少；而文章第二段第二句話提到“在現(xiàn)在這種高失業(yè)率的情況下，雇傭收銀員或者柜臺(tái)員工是很容易的”（Surelyinthesedaysofhighunemploymentitmustbepossibletohirecashiersandcounterstaff），因此可以推斷并不是雇傭不到員工，而是這些商場(chǎng)或者機(jī)構(gòu)不愿意去花錢(qián)雇傭更多的員工。選項(xiàng)B“故意的員工不足”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問(wèn)的是“服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為讓所有收銀機(jī)全部工作起來(lái)會(huì)導(dǎo)致什么后果？”文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話提到“把收銀機(jī)全部運(yùn)行會(huì)增加成本”(Yetsupermarketshintingdarklyathigherprices,claimthatuncoveringalltheircashregistersatanyonetimewouldincreaseoperatingcosts)，選項(xiàng)C“增加服務(wù)成本”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問(wèn)的是“作者建議消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該怎樣做？”文章最后一段提到“我們唯一的希望就是無(wú)論何時(shí)無(wú)論何地都要表達(dá)出我們的不滿(mǎn)，如果這些努力全失敗了，再去嘗試將古老的口號(hào)付諸實(shí)踐—去別處進(jìn)行買(mǎi)賣(mài)”（Ouronlyhopeistohammerhomeourangerwheneverandwhereverwecanand,ifallelsefails,bringbackintopracticethatother,olderslogan-TakeOurDealElsewhere），選項(xiàng)D“去有更好服務(wù)的地方”符合題意。

8.單選題

Despitetheirgoodservice,mostinnsarelesscostlythanhotelsof（

）standards.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.equivalent

B.alike

C.uniform

D.likely

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。equivalent“同等的”；alike“相似的，相同的”；uniform“統(tǒng)一的”；likely“很可能的”。由despite表讓步關(guān)系，以及后半句中的innsarelesscostlythanhotels可推知在同等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)條件下才能將旅館與酒店的收費(fèi)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。句意：盡管旅館的服務(wù)很好，但是大多數(shù)旅館的收費(fèi)相比同等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的酒店更低。答案A

9.單選題

Barrymore（）,buteachisrememberednotforhiswomenbutforhistalent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadmanywives.Garrickone

B.hadmanywives.Garrickhavingone

C.havingmanywives,Garrickjustone

D.hadmanywives.Garrickhadonlyonewife

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。分析題干可知前面為兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的分句，因此D項(xiàng)正確。句意：白瑞摩有許多妻子。加里克只有一個(gè)妻子，但每個(gè)人都不是因?yàn)樗呐硕汇懹?，而是因?yàn)樗牟湃A。

10.單選題

Though（）inSanFrancisco,DaveMitchellhadalwayspreferredtorecordtheplainfactsofsmall-townlife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.raised

B.grown

C.developed

D.cultivated

【答案】A

【解析】考査動(dòng)詞辨析。raised養(yǎng)育；grown増長(zhǎng)；developed培養(yǎng),

發(fā)展；cultivated耕作,

種植。句意：雖然戴夫·米切爾在舊金山長(zhǎng)大，但他更喜歡記錄小鎮(zhèn)生活的平凡生活。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

11.單選題

Thisschoolpromisedtomakeclassessmallerandoffermoreindividualized（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentation

B.instruction

C.conviction

D.obligation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)presentation“展示，描述”，B項(xiàng)instruction“指令，命令，教導(dǎo)”，C項(xiàng)conviction“定罪，確信”，D項(xiàng)obligation“義務(wù)，職責(zé)”；根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)境“這所學(xué)校承諾縮小班級(jí)規(guī)模，提供更個(gè)性化的……”可知，只有B項(xiàng)符合。句意：這所學(xué)校承諾要縮小班級(jí)規(guī)模，提供更加個(gè)性化的教學(xué)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Thehousesinthisareawereallreactedin（）ofhousingregulations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compliance

B.defiance

C.alliance

D.obedience

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配題。compliance“順從；服從”；defiance“蔑視；挑戰(zhàn)；反抗”；alliance“聯(lián)盟；聯(lián)合”；obedience“服從；遵守”，根據(jù)橫線前后的in和of可知此處只能選擇defiance，indefianceof表示“不顧；無(wú)視”。句意：這個(gè)地區(qū)的房子建得都很不……房屋規(guī)范。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

13.翻譯題

PutthefollowingpassagesintoChinese:

Itisnotpossibleforamereawardofmoneytoputhiminthepositionhewouldhaveenjoyedhadthebargainbeenperformed.Thebargainmustthereforebeperformed.Butthecourtsrarelycompelthespecificperformanceofacontract,savewhereitisoneforthesaleofrealestate,sinceeveryparcelofrealpropertyisdeemedtobeunique,special,anduniquelyvaluabletoitsowner.Thereareotherkindsofcontractsthatcanbespecificallyenforced,buttheirnumberislimitedanddwindlinginanunsentimental,commercialworldinwhichthepaymentofmoneyisusuallydeemedtheproperremedyforeverylossordisappointmentsuffered.Undercertaincircumstances,anaggrievedpartycanavoidacontractthathepreviouslyagreedtomake.Thisisknownasrescissionoravoidanceofthecontract.Bythisrelief,thepartiesaretobeplacedinthepositioninwhichtheyfoundthemselvesbeforethecontractwasmade.

Litigantshavemutualincentivestosaveonlitigationcostsbysettlingoutofcourt.Theyavoiduncertaintrialoutcomesanddelaysandcanagreetokeepsettlementsconfidential.Insomecases,settlementsmaybereachedthroughalternativemethodsofdisputeresolution,suchasvoluntaryarbitrationormediationGenerally,detailsofcivildisputessettledbeforeatrialarenotreportedtothecourtsandhencearenotincludedinpubliclyavailabledataThosedatathereforeshowonlypartofthepicture—theremaybeimportantdifferencesbetweencasesthatgototrialandcasesthatsettleoutofcourt.Forexample,casesthatgototrialprobablyinvolvelargerdollaramounts,onaverage.Nevertheless,trialverdictssetprecedentsforallcasesandthusaffecttheincentivetosettlebysignalingthevalueandprobabilityofsuccesstofuturelitigants.

【答案】?jī)H僅是金錢(qián)判決不可能讓他享有履行協(xié)議而帶來(lái)的處境。因此，協(xié)議必須履行。但是，法院很少會(huì)強(qiáng)制協(xié)議的具體實(shí)施，除非協(xié)議是針對(duì)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的出售，因?yàn)槊恳环莶粍?dòng)產(chǎn)對(duì)它的所有者而言被認(rèn)為是獨(dú)特的、特殊的和具有特別價(jià)值的。也有另外一些可以具體地被強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的協(xié)議，然而，在金錢(qián)經(jīng)常被視為彌補(bǔ)所遭受損失或失望的合理手段的這個(gè)無(wú)情的商業(yè)世界里，這類(lèi)協(xié)議的數(shù)量是有限的并一直在減少。在某些情況下，受侵害的一方可以廢止自己先前同意簽訂的協(xié)議。這被稱(chēng)為解除或廢止協(xié)議。通過(guò)這種補(bǔ)救方法，協(xié)議各方發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己處于協(xié)議簽訂之前的境地。

訴訟當(dāng)事人都有通過(guò)庭外和解的方式去節(jié)約訴訟成本的動(dòng)機(jī)。通過(guò)該方式，他們避免不確定的審判結(jié)果與延期，并且可以同意保密和解協(xié)議。在一些情況下，和解協(xié)議可能通過(guò)替代性糾紛解決方法來(lái)達(dá)成，比如自愿仲裁或調(diào)解。一般情況下，和解的民事糾紛細(xì)節(jié)在審判前不會(huì)呈上法庭，因此它們不包含在公開(kāi)信息中。因此，那些公開(kāi)信息僅僅展現(xiàn)了所有案件的一部分—法庭審判的案件和庭外和解的案件間可能存在巨大的差異。比如，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，法庭審判的案件很可能牽涉更多的金錢(qián)數(shù)量。然而，審判裁決為所有的案件開(kāi)創(chuàng)了先例，因此，它們通過(guò)示意利害關(guān)系及勝訴的可能性，影響了今后訴訟當(dāng)事人去解決糾紛的動(dòng)機(jī)。

14.單選題

A“scientific”viewoflanguagewasdominantamongphilosophersandlinguistswhoaffectedtodevelopascientificanalysisofhumanthoughtandbehaviorintheearlypartofthiscentury.Undertheforceofthisview,itwasperhapsinevitablethattheartofrhetoricshouldpassfromthestatusofbeingregardedasofquestionableworth(becausealthoughitmightbebothasourceofpleasureandameanstourgepeopletorightaction,itmightalsobeameanstodistorttruthandasourceofmisguidedaction)tothestatusofbeingwhollycondemned.Ifpeopleareregardedonlyasmachinesguidedbylogic,astheywerebythese“scientific”thinkers,rhetoricislikelytobeheldinlowregard;forthemostobvioustruthaboutrhetoricisthatitspeakstothewholeperson.Itpresentsitsargumentsfirsttothepersonasarationalbeing,becausepersuasivediscourse,ifhonestlyconceived,alwayshasabasisinreasoning.Logicalargumentistheplot,asitwere,ofanyspeechoressaythatisrespectfullyintendedtopersuadepeople.Yetitisacharacterizingfeatureofrhetoricthatitgoesbeyondthisandappealstothepartsofournaturethatareinvolvedin