考研考博-英語-蘭州理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-蘭州理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Obviouslyhehasdoneaveryterriblethingtoday,but（

）,hecan’tbeheldresponsibleinthecriminaljusticesystem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.justifiably

B.legally

C.reasonably

D.understandingly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：很明顯他今天做了件非?？植赖氖?，但是法律上他無法被刑事司法制度判為有罪。justifiably“公平地”；legally“法律地”；reasonably“合理地”；understandingly“有理解力地”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Fertilizer,naturalsubstanceormixtureisusedto（）soilsoastopromoteplantgrowth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enact

B.enlarge

C.enclose

D.enrich

【答案】D

【解析】句意:肥料、自然物質(zhì)或混合物被用來使土地肥沃,以促進(jìn)植物生長。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Enact通過(法律),扮演,擔(dān)任…角色;enlarge擴(kuò)大,擴(kuò)充,擴(kuò)展;enclose圍繞,放入封套;enrich使充實(shí),使肥沃,使富足。故D符合句意。

3.單選題

（）,thegirlranoutoftheroom.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Havingtearsinhereyesandturnedsuddenly

B.Withasuddenturn,tearfuleyes

C.Withtearsinhereyesandsuddenlyturning

D.Turningsuddenly,withtearsinhereyes

【答案】D

【解析】考查伴隨狀語，女孩應(yīng)該是先轉(zhuǎn)身然后再跑出房間，B、C選項(xiàng)都是伴隨狀語，B選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該還有and連接才是對的，應(yīng)該改為withasuddenturnandtearfuleyes，C選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該改為withtearsinhereyesandasuddenturn。綜上所述，D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Everyyearthousandsofpeoplearearrestedandtakentocourtforshop-lifting.InBritainaloneaboutHK$3,000,000’sworthofgoodsarestolenfromshopseveryweek.ThisamountstosomethinglikeHK$150millionayear,andrepresentsabout4percentoftheshops’totalstock.Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices.

Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateur,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves.Theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofaproblemforthestoredetectives,who,assistedbyclosedcircuittelevision,two-waymirrorsandvariousothertechnologicaldevices,canusuallycopewiththem.Theprofessionalstendtogoforhighvaluegoodsinpartsoftheshopswheresecuritymeasuresaretightest.And,inanycase,theyaccountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting.

Thesameappliestothedeliberateamateurwhois,sotospeak,aprofessionalintraining.Mostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybythecourts.

Therealproblemisthepersonwhogiveswaytoasuddentemptationandisinallotherrespectsanhonestandlaw-abidingcitizen.Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofshop-lifterisrarelypoor.Hedoesnotstealbecauseheneedsthegoodsandcannotaffordtopayforthem.Hestealsbecausehesimplycannotstophimself.Andtherearecountlessotherswho,becauseofage,sicknessorplainabsent-mindedness,simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops.Whencaught,allareliabletoprosecution,andthedecisionwhethertosendforthepoliceornotisinthehandsofthestoremanager.

Inordertopreventthequiteincrediblegrowthinship-liftingof-fences,somestores,infact,aredoingtheirbesttoseparatethethievesfromtheconfusedbyprohibitingcustomersfromtakingbagsintothestore.However,whatismostworryingaboutthewholeproblemis,perhaps,thatitisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority.Itistheaircrafthijacksituationinanotherform.Becauseofthepossibilityofonepassengerinamillionboardinganaircraftwithaweapon,theother999,999passengersmustsubjectthemselvestosearchesanddelays.Unlessthesituationintheshopsimproves,intenyears'timewemayallhavetosubjectourselvestoabody-searcheverytimewegointoastoretobuyatinofbeans!

1.Whydoesthehonestpublichavetopayhigherpriceswhentheygototheshops?

2.Thethirdgroupofpeoplestealthingsbecausethey（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,law-abidingcitizens

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutthemaintypesofshop-lifting?

5.Theaircrafthijacksituationisusedinordertoshowthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisa“shrinkage”inmarketvalues.

B.Manygoodsarenotavailable.

C.Goodsinmanyshopslackvariety.

D.Therearemanycasesofshop-lifting.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.arementallyill

B.arequiteabsent-minded

C.cannotresistthetemptation

D.cannotaffordtopayforgoods

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.canpossiblystealthingsbecauseoftheirpoverty

B.canpossiblytakeawaygoodswithoutpaying

C.haveneverstolengoodsfromthesupermarkets

D.aredifficulttobecaughtwhentheystealthings

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Abigpercentageofthetotallossesarecausedbytheprofessionals.

B.Thedeliberateamateurswillbepunishedseverelyiftheygetcaught.

C.Peoplewouldexpectthatthosewhocan'thelpthemselvesarepoor.

D.Theprofessionalsdon’tcausealotoftroubletothestoredetectives.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A."theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofaproblemforthestores"

B.somepeople"simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops"

C."thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices"

D.thethirdtypeofshop-liftersaredangerouspeople

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices.（由于商店所說的“收縮”，誠實(shí)的公眾不得不支付更高的價(jià)格）可知是“shrinkage”是原因，“shrinkage”是指前面的shop-lifting（店內(nèi)盜竊）導(dǎo)致商場的損失，為了

彌補(bǔ)損失，因此誠實(shí)的顧客需要比以前付出更高的價(jià)格，因此選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateur,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves.（店內(nèi)盜竊可分為三大類：專業(yè)竊賊，深思熟慮的業(yè)余竊賊和那些無法控制自己的竊賊）可知C選項(xiàng)“抵擋不住誘惑”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的Andtherearecountlessotherswho,becauseofage,sicknessorplainabsent-mindedness,simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops.（還有數(shù)不清的其他人，由于年齡、疾病或明顯的心不在焉，干脆忘了為他們從商店拿走的東西買單）可知B選項(xiàng)“可能沒付錢就拿走商品”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Theprofessionalstendtogoforhighvaluegoodsinpartsoftheshopswheresecuritymeasuresaretightest.And,inanycase,theyaccountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting.（專業(yè)竊賊傾向于在安全措施最嚴(yán)格的部分商店購買高價(jià)值商品。而且，在任何情況下，它們只占因盜竊而造成的總損失的一小部分）可知A選項(xiàng)“總損失的大部分是由專業(yè)竊賊造成的”不正確，注意題干中問的是“NOTtrue”，因此選A。

5.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的thatitisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority.Becauseofthepossibilityofonepassengerinamillionboardinganaircraftwithaweapon,theother999,999passengersmustsubjectthemselvestosearchesanddelays.（這是又一個(gè)例子，無辜的大多數(shù)因?yàn)樯贁?shù)人的行為而受到懲罰和不便。由于每百萬名乘客中就有一名乘客攜帶武器登上飛機(jī)，因此其他999，999名乘客必須接受搜查和延誤）可知此處指“店內(nèi)盜竊”與“飛機(jī)劫持事件”所帶來的后果在本質(zhì)上一樣的，耽誤了多數(shù)守法的人的時(shí)間，損害了他們的利益，因此選C。

5.單選題

ThemyththatUnitedStatesisnotopentoconcernsfromoutsidehasbeen______atastroke.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.demolished

B.precluded

C.kindled

D.hampered

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)demolish“拆除，破壞，推翻，駁倒”，B項(xiàng)preclude“排除，妨礙，阻止”，C項(xiàng)kindle“點(diǎn)燃，著火，激起，照亮”，D項(xiàng)hamper“妨礙，束縛，使困累”。由myth“神話”和atastroke“一下子”可知，“推翻”符合語境。句意：美國不會(huì)對外開放的神話一下子就被推翻了。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Fool（）Janeis,shecouldnothavedonesuchathing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.who

B.as

C.that

D.like

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞和代詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)who“誰；什么人”；B選項(xiàng)as“如同，像……一樣；雖然”；C選項(xiàng)that沒有實(shí)意；D選項(xiàng)like“像，如同”。由本句前后語義關(guān)系可知，前半句應(yīng)該是一個(gè)讓步狀語從句。句意：盡管吉英很蠢，她也不會(huì)做出這種事來。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Ihappenedtobecaughtinashower.Itwasjustacoupleofminutes（）Iwaswetthrough.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.before

B.since

C.that

D.until

【答案】A

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。A選項(xiàng)before“在……之前”，說明兩個(gè)時(shí)間或兩個(gè)事件之間的先后關(guān)系，句子一般用過去時(shí)，例如：Shedidn’tunderstandmebeforeIexplainedittoher.（在我向她解釋之前，她不理解我的意思。）；B選項(xiàng)since“自……以來”，通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，例如：Heleftthevillagein1982andIhaven’tseenhimsincethen.（1982年他離開這個(gè)村子，從那以后，我沒再見過他。）；C選項(xiàng)that“那個(gè)”，做代詞或引導(dǎo)從句，這里在名詞后應(yīng)該引導(dǎo)定語從句或者同位語從句，在此題中不適用，排除C選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)until“直到……時(shí)候”，不符合句意，排除D選項(xiàng)。句意：我碰巧遇上陣雨了。只過了幾分鐘我就渾身濕透了。綜上所述，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

TheBenefitsofNewUrbanism

(1)Newurbanismisthemostimportantplanningmovementinthiscentury,andisaboutcreatingabetterfutureforusall.Itisaninternationalmovementtoreformthedesignofthebuiltenvironment,andisaboutraisingourqualityoflifeandstandardoflivingbycreatingbetterplacestolivein.Newurbanismistherevivalofourlostartofplace-making,andisessentiallyare-orderingofthebuiltenvironmentintotheformofcompletecities,towns,villages,andneighborhoods—thewaycommunitieshavebeenbuiltforcenturiesaroundtheworld.Newurbanisminvolvesfixingandinfillingcities,aswellasthecreationofcompactnewtownsandvillages.Thebenefitsofnewurbanismareasfollows:

BenefitstoResidents

(2)Higherqualityoflife;betterplacesinwhichtolive,work,andplay;morestablepropertyvalues;lesstrafficcongestionandlessdriving;healthierlifestylewithmorewalkingandlessstress;closeproximitytomainstreetretailandservices;closeproximitytobiketrail,parks,andnature;pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown,resultinginmeaningfulrelationshipswithmorepeople,andfriendliertown;morefreedomandindependencetochildren,theelderly,andthepoorinbeingabletogettojobsrecreation,andserviceswithouttheneedforacarorsomeonetodrivethem;greatsavingstoresidentsandschoolboardsinreducedbusingcostsfromchildrenbeingabletowalkorbicycletoneighborhoodschools;morediversityandsmaller,uniqueshopsandserviceswithlocalownerswhoareinvolvedincommunity;bigsavingsbydrivingless,andowninglesscars;lessugly,congestedsprawltodealwithdaily;bettersenseofplaceandcommunityidentitywithmoreuniquearchitecture;moreopenspacetoenjoythatwillremainopenspace;moreefficientuseoftaxmoneywithlessspentonutilitiesandroadsusedforthesprawl.

BenefitstoBusinesses

(3)Increasedsalesduetomorefoottrafficandpeoplespendinglessoncarsandgas;moreprofitsduetospendinglessonadvertisingandlargesigns;betterlifestylebylivingnearworkunitssavesthestressfulandcostlycommute;economiesofscaleinmarketingduetocloseproximityandcooperationwithotherlocalbusinessincubation;lowerrentsduetosmallerspacesandsmallerparkinglots;healthierlifestyleduetomorewalkingandbeingnearhealthierrestaurants;morecommunityinvolvementfrombeingpartofcommunityandknowingresidents.

(4)BenefitstoDevelopers.Moreincomepotentialfromhigherdensitymixed-useprojectsduetomoreleasablesquarefootage,moresalespersquarefoot,andhigherpropertyvaluesandsellingprices;fasterapprovalsincommunitiesthathaveadoptedsmartgrowthprinciplesresultingincost/timesayings:costsavingsinparkingfacilitiesinmixed-usepropertiesduetosharingofspacesthroughoutthedayandnight,resultinginlessduplicationinprovidingparking;lessneedforparkingfacilitiesduetomixofresidencesandcommercialuseswithinwalkingdistanceofeachother;lessimpactonroads/traffic,whichcanresultinlowerimpactfees;lowercostofutilitiesduetocompactnatureofnewurbanistdesign;fasterselloutduetogreateracceptancebyconsumersfromawiderproductrangeresultinginwidermarketshare.

BenefitstoMunicipalities

(5)Stable,appreciatingtaxbase;lessspentpercapitaoninfrastructureandutilitiesthantypicalsuburbandevelopmentduetocompacthigh-densitynatureofprojects;increasedtaxbaseduetomorebuildingspackedintoatighterarea;lesstrafficcongestionduetowalkabilityofdesign;lesscrimeandlessmoneyspentonpoliceduetothepresenceofmorepeopledayandnight;betteroverallcommunityimageandsenseofplace;lessincentivetosprawlwhenurbancoreareaisdesirable;easytoinstalltransitwhereit’snot,andimproveitwhereitis;greatercivicinvolvementofpopulationleadingtobettergovernance.

(6)Themosteffectivewaytoimplementnewurbanismittoplanforit,andwriteitintozoninganddevelopmentcodes.Thisdirectsallfuturedevelopmentintothisform.

(7)Increasingly,regionalplanningtechniquesarebeingusedtocontrolandshapegrowthintocompact,high-density,mixed-useneighborhoods,villages,towns,andcities.Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresultswhendesignedinharmonywithregionallandplanningknownasTransitOrientedDevelopment(TOD).Atthesametime,therevitalizationofurbanareasdirectsandencouragesinfilldevelopmentbackintocitycenters.

(8)Planningforcompactgrowth,ratherthanlettingitsprawlout,hasthepotentialtogreatlyincreasethequalityoftheenvironment.Italsopreventscongestionproblemsandtheenvironmentaldegradationnormallyassociatedwithgrowth.

(9)Therearesomeobstaclesinimplementationofnewurbanism.Themostimportantobstacletoovercomeistherestrictiveandincorrectzoningcodescurrentlyinforceinmostmunicipalities.Currentcodesdonotallownewurbanismtobebuilt,butdoallowsprawl.

(10)AnequallyimportantobstacleisthecontinuousroadbuildingandexpansiontakingplaceineverycommunityacrossAmerica.Thisencouragesmoredrivingandmoresprawlwhichhasadominoeffectonincreasingtrafficcongestionacrosstheregion.Haltingroadprojectsandbuildingnewtrainsystemcanhelpreversethisproblematictrend.

1.Apedestrianstreetisastreet（）.

2.Accordingtothepassagenewurbanismemphasizes（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingcanBESTsummarizethebenefitsofnewurbanismtoresidents?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

5.Topreservetheenvironment,newurbanismlaysstresson（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suitableforbicycling

B.suitableforwalking

C.designedforpedals

D.designedforscooters

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theexpansionofurbanareas

B.theartisticdecorationofnewly-builtbuildings

C.theimprovementofthebuiltenvironment

D.theenvironmentalpreservation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Compactnessincivicstructure,conveniencesandeconomiesinlife.

B.Betterrelationshipswithmorepeopleandafriendliertown.

C.Easyshoppingandmoreservicesthatreducebusingcosts.

D.Walkability,healthierlifestyleandmorefreedom.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Newurbanismlikestodesignmoreroadsinordertofacilitatethetraffic.

B.Newurbanismfavorsthetransportationwithnewrailwaysystems.

C.Newurbanistplannersopposetopedestrianfriendlydesign.

D.Newurbanistplannersdonotsupporttheinfilldevelopment.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thereductionoffactories

B.thesprawlofthecity

C.thelesseningoftrafficjams

D.thecompactgrowthoftheurbanarea

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“pedestrian”可以定位到文章第二段pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown（行人友好型社區(qū)提供了更多的機(jī)會(huì)去認(rèn)識鄰里和城鎮(zhèn)中的其他人），說明pedestrianstreet是對行人友好的社區(qū)。因此B選項(xiàng)“適合行走”正確。A選項(xiàng)“適合騎自行車”，C選項(xiàng)“為腳踏車設(shè)計(jì)”和D選項(xiàng)“為小型摩托車設(shè)計(jì)”都不是指步行，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Itisaninternationalmovementtoreformthedesignofthebuiltenvironment,andisaboutraisingourqualityoflifeandstandardoflivingbycreatingbetterplacestolivein.（它是一場改革建筑環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)的國際運(yùn)動(dòng)，是通過創(chuàng)造更好的居住場所來提高我們的生活質(zhì)量和生活水平。），說明新城市主義強(qiáng)調(diào)對居住環(huán)境的改善。因此C選項(xiàng)“改善建筑環(huán)境”正確。A選項(xiàng)“城市地區(qū)的擴(kuò)張”，B選項(xiàng)“新建筑的藝術(shù)裝飾”和D選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境保護(hù)”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“residents”可以定位到文章第二段，healthierlifestylewithmorewalkingandlessstress（更健康的生活方式，更多的步行和更少的壓力）說明新城市主義對居民健康生活方式的好處；pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown（行人友好型社區(qū)提供了更多的機(jī)會(huì)去認(rèn)識鄰里和城鎮(zhèn)中的其他人）說明了新城市主義注重人的步行友好性；morefreedomandindependencetochildren,theelderly,andthepoorinbeingabletogettojobsrecreation,andserviceswithouttheneedforacarorsomeonetodrivethem（讓孩子、老人和窮人有更多的自由和獨(dú)立，他們有能力去工作、娛樂和服務(wù)，而不需要搭乘汽車或別人給他們開車）說明了新城市主義為居民帶來了更多的自由。因此D選項(xiàng)“適合步行，更健康的生活方式和更多的自由?！弊钅芨爬ㄐ鲁鞘兄髁x為居民帶來的好處。A選項(xiàng)“城市結(jié)構(gòu)的緊湊，生活的便利和經(jīng)濟(jì)”中城市結(jié)構(gòu)的緊湊是對城市的好處，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“更好的人際關(guān)系和更友好的城市”，C選項(xiàng)“方便的購物和更多的服務(wù)，減少巴士費(fèi)用”都只是對居民帶來好處的一部分，不能完整概括新城市主義為居民帶來的好處，所以B，C錯(cuò)誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由B選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“railwaysystems”可以定位到文章第七段第二句Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresultswhendesignedinharmonywithregionallandplanningknownasTransitOrientedDevelopment.（規(guī)劃新的鐵路系統(tǒng)——而不是更多的道路——如果設(shè)計(jì)與區(qū)域土地規(guī)劃相協(xié)調(diào)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生最好的效果。），說明新城市主義注重于新的鐵路系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃。因此B選項(xiàng)“新城市主義用新的鐵路系統(tǒng)促進(jìn)交通?！闭_。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“moreroads”可以定位到文章第七段第二句Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresults（規(guī)劃新的鐵路系統(tǒng)——而不是修建更多的公路能帶來最好的結(jié)果），說明新城市主義不主張修建更多的公路。因此A選項(xiàng)“新城市主義喜歡設(shè)計(jì)更多的道路，以方便交通?！辈环显?。由C選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“pedestrian”可以定位到文章第二段pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown（行人友好型社區(qū)提供了更多的機(jī)會(huì)去認(rèn)識鄰里和城鎮(zhèn)中的其他人），說明新城市主義者注重行人友好性。因此C選項(xiàng)“新城市主義規(guī)劃師反對行人友好的設(shè)計(jì)?！辈环显摹Ｓ蒁選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“infilldevelopment”可以定位到第七段最后一句Atthesametime,therevitalizationofurbanareasdirectsandencouragesinfilldevelopmentbackintocitycenters.（與此同時(shí)，城市地區(qū)的振興引導(dǎo)和鼓勵(lì)對城市中心的填充式開發(fā)。），說明新城市主義者是支持“infilldevelopment”的。因此D選項(xiàng)“新城市主義規(guī)劃師不支持填充開發(fā)。”不符合原文。

5.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“environment”可以定位到第八段第一句Planningforcompactgrowth,ratherthanlettingitsprawlout,hasthepotentialtogreatlyincreasethequalityoftheenvironment.（緊湊發(fā)展的規(guī)劃，而不是讓它向外擴(kuò)張，有可能極大地提高環(huán)境質(zhì)量。），說明為了保護(hù)環(huán)境，新城市主義強(qiáng)調(diào)的是緊湊發(fā)展的規(guī)劃。因此D選項(xiàng)“城市區(qū)域的緊湊發(fā)展”正確。A選項(xiàng)“工廠的減少”，B選項(xiàng)“城市的擴(kuò)張”和C選項(xiàng)“交通堵塞的減輕”都和保護(hù)環(huán)境無關(guān)，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

9.單選題

Thenewtouristhotelissaidtohave

foroveronethousandguests.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.convenience

B.capacities

C.accommodations

D.capability

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。convenience“方便”；capacities“容量；能力”；accommodations“住房，住宿”；capability“才能，能力”。句意：據(jù)說這家新的旅游旅館能容納一千多名客人。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Publicspeakingfillsmostpeoplewithdread.Humiliationisthegreatestfear;self-exposureandfailingtoappealtotheaudiencecomeaclosesecond.Womenhateitmost,sincegirlsarepressurizedfromanearlyagetobeconcernedwithappearancesofallkinds.

Mostpeoplehaveplentyofinsecurities,andthisseemslikeasituationthatwillbringthemout.Ifyouwereunderpressuretobeperfect,youareterrifiedoffallinginthemostpublicofways.

Extroverts,onthecontrary,willfeellessfearbeforetheordeal.Itdoesnotmeantheywillnecessarilydoitbetter.Someveryshypeoplemanagetoshine.WhenImettheBritishcomedianJulianClary,hewasshyandcautious,yethisTVperformancesareperfect.

Infact,personalityisnotthebestpredictorofwhodoesitwell.Regardlessofwhatyouarelikeinreallife,thekeyseemstobetoactyourself.

Actualacting,asinperformingthescriptedlinesofacharacterotherthanyourself,doesnotdothejob.Whilepoliticiansmaylimitdamagebyhavingcarefullyrehearsed,writtenscriptstospeakfrom,thereisalwaysahiddenawarenessamongtheaudiencethatthewordsmightnotbetrue.

Likewise,theincrediblyperfectspeechesofmanyAmericanacademicsarefarfromnatural.Youmayendupbuyingtheirbookonthewayout,butsoonafterwards,itismuchlikefastfood,andyougetanamelesssensethatyou’vebeencheated.

Although,asEarlSpencerprovedathissisterPrincessDiana’sfuneral,itispossiblebothtoprepareeverywordandtoactnaturally.Ascriptrarelyworksanditisusedtohelpmostspeakers.

But,beingyourselfdoesn’tworkeither.Ifyouspokeasifyouwereinyourownkitchen,itwouldbetooauthentic,toounawareoftheneedtocommunicatewithanaudience.

IremembergoingtoseeBritishpsychiatristR.D.Laingspeakinpublic.Hebehavedlikeaseriouslyoddperson,talkingoffthetopofhishead.Althoughhewastalkingaboutmadnessandhewroteonmentalillness,heseemedtobeexhibitingratherthanexplainingit.

Thebestpsychologicalplacefromwhichtospeakisanunselfconsciousself-consciousness,providingtheillusionofbeingnatural.Studiessuggestthatthisstateof“flow”,aspsychologistscallit,isverysatisfying.

1.Womenhatepublicspeakingmostmainlybecauseof（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheauthor’sviewpoint?

3.Whatistheauthor’sviewonpersonality?

4.Inthelastparagraphtheauthorrecommendsthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theirupbringingveryearlyon

B.theirinabilitytoappealtotheaudience

C.theirsenseofgreaterpublicpressure

D.theirsenseofgreaterhumiliation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Actinglikeperformersspoilsthemessageinaspeech.

B.Perfectionofscriptsisnecessaryinmakinggoodimpressions.

C.Actingnaturallymeanslessdependenceonthepreparedscript.

D.Thereshouldbeabalancebetweenactualactingandactingnaturally.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Personalityisthekeytosuccessinpublicspeaking.

B.Extrovertsarebetterpublicspeakers.

C.Introvertshavetolearnhardertobegoodspeakers.

D.Factorsotherthanpersonalityensurebetterperformance.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.youforgetaboutyournervousness

B.youfeelnaturalandspeaknaturally

C.youmayfeelnervous,butappearnaturally

D.youmayimagineyourselftobenatural

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Womenhatepublicspeakingmostmainlybecauseof______.1.女性討厭公開演講主要是因?yàn)開_____。

A.theirupbringingveryearlyonA.她們很早就受到了教育

B.theirinabilitytoappealtotheaudienceB.她們無法吸引觀眾

C.theirsenseofgreaterpublicpressureC.她們感到更大的公眾壓力

D.theirsenseofgreaterhumiliationD.她們更大的屈辱感

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段最后一句“女性最討厭它，因?yàn)榕男【褪艿綁毫?，要關(guān)注各種儀表（sincegirlsarepressurizedfromanearlyagetobeconcernedwithappearancesofallkinds）”，從中可知，女性討厭公開演講的原因是，她們感到更大的壓力，C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“她們很早就受到了教育”和B項(xiàng)“她們無法吸引觀眾”沒有提到，無中生有；

D項(xiàng)“她們更大的屈辱感”不只針對女性而言，該項(xiàng)曲解原文。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheauthor’sviewpoint?2.以下哪項(xiàng)不是作者的觀點(diǎn)？

A.Actinglikeperformersspoilsthemessageinaspeech.A.像演員一樣演講破壞了演講的要旨。

B.Perfectionofscriptsisnecessaryinmakinggoodimpressions.B.為了給人留下好的印象，完美的腳本是必要的。

C.Actingnaturallymeanslessdependenceonthepreparedscript.C.自然地演講意味著減少對準(zhǔn)備好的腳本的依賴。

D.Thereshouldbeabalancebetweenactualactingandactingnaturally.D.在真實(shí)的演講和自然的演講之間應(yīng)該有一個(gè)平衡。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段最后一句“腳本很少起作用，它被用來幫助大多數(shù)演講者”，從中可知，腳本在實(shí)際演講中的作用很少，所以完美的腳本并不重要，故B項(xiàng)“為了給人留下好的印象，完美的腳本是必要的”不符合題意。該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“像演員一樣演講破壞了演講的要旨”，根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容“真正的演講，如果像表演一個(gè)角色的腳本臺(tái)詞，而不是你自己的話，并不能完成任務(wù)。盡管政客們可能會(huì)通過仔細(xì)排練、寫好演講稿來限制損失，但觀眾中總有一種隱性意識，那就是這些話可能不是真的?！?，可知，像一個(gè)演員一樣做演講脫離了演講的實(shí)際目的，該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“自然地演講意味著減少對準(zhǔn)備好的腳本的依賴”，根據(jù)第七段最后一句“腳本很少起作用，它被用來幫助大多數(shù)演講者”可知，該項(xiàng)也符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“在真實(shí)的演講和自然的演講之間應(yīng)該有一個(gè)平衡”，根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“演講的最佳心理狀態(tài)是無意識的自我意識，有一種表面看起來很自然的假象”可知，該項(xiàng)也符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Whatistheauthor’sviewonpersonality?3.作者對性格的看法是什么？

A.Personalityisthekeytosuccessinpublicspeaking.A.性格是公眾演講成功的關(guān)鍵。

B.Extrovertsarebetterpublicspeakers.B.外向的人更擅長演講。

C.Introvertshavetolearnhardertobegoodspeakers.C.內(nèi)向的人要想成為一名優(yōu)秀的演講者就必須更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)。

D.Factorsotherthanpersonalityensurebetterperformance.D.性格之外的其他因素保證了更好的表現(xiàn)。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段“事實(shí)上，性格并不能很好地預(yù)測誰能做好這件事。不管你在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中是什么樣的人，關(guān)鍵似乎是做你自己?！?，從中可知，作者認(rèn)為性格并不能表明誰做得更好，那么推斷，性格之外的其他因素能使人在演講中有更好的表現(xiàn)。D項(xiàng)意思與之相符，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“性格是公眾演講成功的關(guān)鍵”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，該項(xiàng)反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“外向的人更擅長演講”，根據(jù)第三段前兩句“相反，外向的人在面對考驗(yàn)時(shí)不會(huì)那么害怕。這并不意味著他們一定會(huì)做得更好?！?，可知該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“內(nèi)向的人要想成為一名優(yōu)秀的演講者就必須更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)”沒有提到，無中生有。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Inthelastparagraphtheauthorrecommendsthat______.4.在最后一段，作者建議______。

A.youforgetaboutyournervousnessA.忘記你的緊張

B.youfeelnaturalandspeaknaturallyB.感覺自然，說話自然

C.youmayfeelnervous,butappearnaturallyC.你可能會(huì)感到緊張，但表現(xiàn)得自然點(diǎn)

D.youmayimagineyourselftobenaturalD.你可以想象自己很自然

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至文章最后一段第一句“從心理上說，演講的最佳心理狀態(tài)是無意識的自我意識，有一種表面看起來很自然的假象（providingtheillusionofbeingnatural）?！?，從theillusionofbeingnatural可知，作者建議即使可能你的內(nèi)心很緊張，在演講時(shí)也要表現(xiàn)得很自然。C項(xiàng)“你可能會(huì)感到緊張，但表現(xiàn)得自然點(diǎn)”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“忘記你的緊張”、B項(xiàng)“感覺自然，說話自然”和D項(xiàng)“你可以想象自己很自然”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)都曲解原文。

11.單選題

Inaprimaryschool,achildisinacomparativelysimplesettingandmostoftheformsarelationshipwithonefamiliarteacher.Onenteringsecondaryschool,anewworldopensupandfrequentlyitisamuchmoredifficultworld.Thepupilsoonlearnstobelessfreeinthewayhespeakstoteachersandeventohisfellowuppupils.Hebeginstolosegraduallythefreeandeasywaysoftheprimaryschool,forhesensestheneedforamorecautiousapproachinthesecondaryschoolwherethereareolderpupils.Secondarystaffandpupilssufferfromthepressureofacademicworkandseemtohavelesstimetostopandtalk.Teacherswithspecialistrolesmayseehundredsofchildreninaweek,andapupilmaybeabletoformrelationshipwithveryfewofthestaff.Hehastodecidewhichadultsareapproachable;goodschoolswillmakecleartoeveryyoungpersonfromthefirstyearwhatguidanceandpersonalhelpisavailablebutwhethertherealityoflifeintheinstitutionactuallyencouragesrequestsforhelpisanothermatters.

Adultsoftenforgetwhataconfusingpictureschoolcanoffertoachild.Heseesagreatdealofmovement,agreatnumberofpeople-oftenratherfrightening-lookingpeople-andrealizesthatanincreasingnumberofchoicesanddecisionhavetobemade.Asheprogressesthroughtheschooltheconfusionmaybecomelessbutthechoicesanddecisionsrequiredwillincrease.Theschoolwillrightlyexpectthepupiltotakethefirststepstoobtainthehelpheneeds,forthisisthepatternofadultlifeforwhichhehastobeprepared,butallthetimetheopportunitypersonalandgroupadvicemustbepresentedinawaywhichmakesthemeasytounderstandandwithineasyreachofpupils.

1.Accordingtothepassageoneoftheproblemsforpupilsenteringsecondaryschoolsisthat

（

）

2.Insecondaryschoolseverypupilhavingproblemsshould（

）.

3.Inthispassageaboutsecondaryschools,theauthorismainlyconcernedabout（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyaretaughtbymanydifferentteachers

B.theydonotattendlessonsineverysubject

C.theteachersdonotwanttobefriendly

D.theteachersgivemostattentiontothemoreacademicpupils

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.knowhowtoaskforhelp

B.befreefromanypressureofacademicwork

C.toabletodiscusshisproblemsinclass

D.beabletodiscusshisproblemswithanyteacher

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.academicstandards

B.theroleofspecialistteachers

C.thetrainingoftheindividualteachers

D.thepersonaldevelopmentofpupils

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Pupilswillformrelationshipwitholdpupilsratherthanteachers.

B.Thesettingoftheprimaryschooliscomparativelysimplerthanthatofthesecondaryschool.

C.Alltheteachersinthesecondaryschoolareratherfrightening-looking.

D.Pupilshaveopportunitiestogethelpfromanyteacherinthesecondaryschool.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thedifferencebetweentheprimaryschoolandthesecondaryschool.

B.Themethodthatpupilsgethelpfromtheteachers.

C.Thepersonaldevelopmentofthepupilsinthesecondaryschool.

D.Thefunctionofthesecondaryschool.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.文章第一段teacherswithspecialistrolesmayseehundredsofchildreninaweek,andapupilmaybeabletoformrelationshipwithveryfewofthestaff提到老師每周要與幾百個(gè)孩