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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-新疆天山職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thegovernment()aheavytaxontobacco,whicharousedoppositionfromthetobaccoindustry.

問題1選項

A.pronounced

B.imposed

C.complied

D.prescribed

【答案】B

【解析】句意:政府征收煙草稅,這激起煙草行業(yè)的反對。

考查固定搭配pronounce宣告,斷言;impose征稅,強加,通常與on搭配使用;compile編譯,編制;prescribe指示,規(guī)定。因此,B項符合句意。

2.單選題

Themenwerefullof()becausetheythoughttheirfriendshadbeenunjustlypunished.

問題1選項

A.diagnosis

B.indigestion

C.indignation

D.aggression

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這些人非常憤怒,因為他們認(rèn)為他們的朋友受到了不公正的懲罰。

考查名詞辨析。diagnosis診斷,結(jié)論;indigestion消化不良,難理解;indignation憤怒,憤慨;aggression侵略。故C符合句意。

3.填空題

Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreamingpupils.Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthefact

thatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates.Itcanhaveabadeffectonboththebrightandthenot-so-brightchild.Afterall,itcanbequite

A

B

C

discouragedtobeatthebottomofthetopGrade!

D

【答案】Ddiscouraged改為discouraging

【解析】【考查點】形容詞。

【解題思路】discouraged的意思為“沮喪的,氣餒的”,指的是人自己的感受,discouraging的意思為“使人沮喪的,令人氣餒的”,指的是某個事物令人沮喪,這里指的是倒數(shù)第一這件事令人沮喪,因此D部分應(yīng)為“discouraging”。

【句意】我們認(rèn)為把學(xué)生按成績分班有很多弊端。這沒有考慮到兒童發(fā)展的速度不同這一事實。這對聰明的孩子和不那么聰明的孩子都有消極的影響。畢竟,在高手如云的班級中倒數(shù)第一這件事,相當(dāng)令人沮喪!

4.單選題

Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredwillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittlesueofthefacewithtoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner”.

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmerican’siswelldefined;speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyreestablisheyecontactwiththelistenertoreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerreestablisheseyecontact:iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

21.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare______.

22.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson______.

23.Accordingtothepassage,theJapanesefixtheirgazeontheirconversationpartner’sneckbecause______.

24.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto______.

25.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants______.

問題1選項

A.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas

B.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson’sinnerworld

C.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting

D.somethingthevaluesofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate

問題2選項

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C.whosefaceisseenfromtheside

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering

問題3選項

A.theydon’tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker

B.theyneednotcommunicatethrougheyecontact

C.theydon’tthinkitpolitetohaveeyecontact

D.theydidn’thavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrougheyecontactinbabyhood

問題4選項

A.onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother

B.eyecontactofmorethanonesecond

C.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

問題5選項

A.nottoweardarkspectacles

B.nottomakeanyinterruption

C.nottoglanceawayfromeachother

D.nottomakeunpredictablepauses

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】21.【選項釋義】

21.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare______.21.作者相信眼睛______。

A.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideasA.在表達(dá)感情和交流思想方面是極其重要的

B.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson’sinnerworldB.是某種東西,通過它我們可以看到一個人的內(nèi)心世界

C.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinterestingC.在使對話變得有趣的過程中是非常重要的

D.somethingthevaluesofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebateD.它的價值在很大程度上是一個長期爭論的問題

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位第一段第一句“眼睛是否是心靈的窗戶還有待商榷,但它們在人際交往中非常重要(intenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunication),這是事實”,可知,作者認(rèn)為眼睛在人際交流中是非常重要的,A項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項與原文不符,原文提到“眼睛是否是心靈的窗戶還有待商榷”,所以該項屬于反向干擾;

C、D選項沒提到,屬于無中生有。

22.【選項釋義】

22.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson______.22.嬰兒不會被______的人刺激而微笑。

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceivedA.能完全看到正臉

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamaskB.戴著面具

C.whosefaceisseenfromthesideC.呈現(xiàn)側(cè)面臉

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycoveringD.臉上沒有任何遮蓋物

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位第一段第四句“值得注意的是,一個蒙著雙眼(arealhumanfacewitheyescovered)或者從側(cè)面只看到一只眼睛的人臉(onlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresentedinprofile)并不會激發(fā)微笑”,可知C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A、D選項可以從第四句推知,蒙著雙眼或只能從一側(cè)看到一只眼睛的人臉不會刺激嬰兒微笑,反推,一張正臉或臉上沒有任何遮擋物的人臉會刺激嬰兒微笑,該兩項符合原文;

B選項定位第三句“對眼睛的刺激不需是真實的,帶有兩個點的面具也能引起微笑”,可知,該項也是正確的。

23.【選項釋義】

23.Accordingtothepassage,theJapanesefixtheirgazeontheirconversationpartner’sneckbecause______.23.根據(jù)文章,日本人盯著談話對象的脖子是因為______。

A.theydon’tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeakerA.他們不喜歡盯著說話人的臉

B.theyneednotcommunicatethrougheyecontactB.他們不需要通過眼神交流

C.theydon’tthinkitpolitetohaveeyecontactC.他們認(rèn)為目光接觸是不禮貌的

D.theydidn’thavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrougheyecontactinbabyhoodD.在嬰兒時期,他們沒有太多的機會通過眼神交流

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段最后三句“在日本,由于嬰兒是背在母親的背上,他們不像其他文化中的孩子那樣熟悉眼睛。所以,成年日本人在編譯或解讀話語的意思時很少有面部表情。事實上,Argyle發(fā)現(xiàn),日本人在進(jìn)行交談時,其目光注視的合適位置是談話對象的頸部?!保瑥闹锌芍毡救苏勗捪矚g盯著脖子是因為他們在嬰兒時期沒有很多眼神交流,D項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項均為曲解原文。

24.【選項釋義】

24.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto______.24.根據(jù)文章,兩個美國人之間的對話可能會因為______而中斷。

A.onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheotherA.一個人暫時把目光從另一個人身上移開

B.eyecontactofmorethanonesecondB.目光接觸超過一秒鐘

C.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontactC.不合時宜地停止眼神交流

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontactD.不斷調(diào)整眼神交流

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“重要的是,當(dāng)說話者的目光重新停留在聽眾的臉上時(whenthespeakerreestablisheseyecontact),聽眾一定要看著說話者,如果聽眾沒看,說話者就會認(rèn)為聽眾不感興趣,于是就會停下來(pause)等聽眾的目光重新回到說話者的臉上或終止談話(terminatetheconversation)”可知,如果說話者的目光停留在聽眾臉上,聽眾沒有看說話者,那么對話就可能會終止,所以C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項中的one并沒有明確是speaker還是listener,指代不清,屬于曲解原文;

B選項在文中只是提到“說話者與聽者的眼睛接觸約一秒鐘就會把目光移開”,并不代表對話終止,屬于出處錯位;

D選項沒提到,屬于無中生有。

25.【選項釋義】

25.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants______.25.為了讓對話順利進(jìn)行,參與者最好是______。

A.nottoweardarkspectaclesA.不要戴墨鏡

B.nottomakeanyinterruptionB.不要打斷

C.nottoglanceawayfromeachotherC.不要把目光移開

D.nottomakeunpredictablepausesD.不要做出不可預(yù)知的停頓

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位文章最后一句話“當(dāng)兩個說話者都戴著墨鏡(wearingdarkglasses)的時候,這種眼神交流對于保持對話流暢的重要性就變得顯而易見了:可能會有一種由打斷(interruption)、錯誤的開始和不可預(yù)知的停頓(unpredictablepauses)引起的語言阻塞”,從中可知,如果說話者戴著墨鏡,那么對話中將無法進(jìn)行眼神交流,從而會引起一些語言阻塞、停頓等,所以該題選擇A項正確。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項都是A選項的結(jié)果,不夠全面,屬于以偏概全。

5.單選題

Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemust______thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworldmarketdemand.

問題1選項

A.improve

B.enhance

C.guarantee

D.gear

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。improve“改善”;enhance“加強”;guarantee“保證”;gear“開動,使……合適”。句意:為了在國家激烈的貿(mào)易競爭中生存,我們必須使我們生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量和種類適合市場需求。選項D符合題意。

6.填空題

Hereisagreatironyof21st-centuryglobalpublichealth:Whilemanyhundredsofmillionsofpeoplelackadequatefoodasaresultofeconomicinequities,politicalcorruption,orwarfare,manyhundredsofmillions(1)areoverweighttothepointofincreasedriskfordiet-relatedchronicdiseases.Obesityisaworldwidephenomenon,affectingchildrenaswellasadultsandforcingallbutthepoorestcountriestodivertscarceresources(2)fromfoodsecuritytotakecareofpeoplewithpreventableheartdiseaseanddiabetes.

Toreversetheobesityepidemic,wemustaddressfundamentalcauses.Overweightcomesfromconsumingmorefoodenergythan(3)expendedinactivity.Thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity.Peopleuseextraincometoeatmoreandbelessactive.Marketeconomiesencouragethis.Theyturnpeoplewithexpendableincomeintoconsumersofaggressivelymarketedfoodsthatarehighinenergybutlowin(4)value,andofcars,televisionsets,andcomputersthatpromotesedentarybehavior.Gainingweightisgoodforbusiness.Foodisparticularlybigbusinessbecauseeveryoneeats.

Moreover,foodissooverproducedthatmanycountries,especiallytherichones,havefar

morethantheyneed(5)irony.IntheUnitedStates,totakeanextremeexample,most

adultsofallages,incomes,educationallevels,andcensuscategories—areoverweight.TheU.S.foodsupplyprovides3800kilocaloriesperpersonperday,nearlytwiceasmuchasrequiredbymanyadults.Overabundantfoodforcescompaniestocompete(6)salesthroughadvertising,healthclaims,newproducts,largerportions,andcampaigns(7)towardchildren.Foodmarketingpromotesweightgain.Indeed,itisdifficulttothink(8)anymajorindustrythatmightbenefitifpeopleatelessfood;certainly(9)theagriculture,foodproduct,grocery,restaurant,diet,ordrugindustries.Allflourishwhenpeopleeatmore,andallemployamidesoflobbyiststodiscouragegovernmentsfromdoinganythingtoinhibit(10).

A.splendid

B.elegant

C.snobbish

D.prudent

A.hehadagoodopinionoftheStClairfamily

B.hegrantedtheStClairfamilysomecredits

C.heowedsomemoneytotheStClairfamily

D.hewasmorerespectablethansomemembersoftheSt.Clairfamily

A.marryingformoney

B.robbingone'swife

C.makingfortunes

D.sellingtheteethofdeadsoldiers

A.brag

B.possess

C.arrange

D.pluck

A.detached

B.positive

C.cynical

D.liberal

【答案】1.more

2.away

3.is

4.nutritional

5.another

6.for

7.directed

8.of

9.not

10.overeating

【解析】1.考查前后邏輯??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵寒?dāng)成千上萬的人由于經(jīng)濟(jì)不平衡、政治腐敗和戰(zhàn)爭而餓肚子時,還有成千上萬的人超重。前后進(jìn)行對比,說明超重的人更多,所以more符合題意。

2.考查固定搭配。divertaway“轉(zhuǎn)移”。空格處所在句子的句意是:肥胖是一個世界性的普遍現(xiàn)象,它對大人孩子都有影響,它迫使除了最貧窮的國家外的所有國家把稀有資源從食品安全上轉(zhuǎn)移到了照顧患有可預(yù)防的心臟病和糖尿病的人們。

3.考查動詞的用法。空格處所在句子的句意是:超重源于攝入的食物能量超過了被消耗的能量。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,為了避免重復(fù),than后面省略了energythat,完整的句子應(yīng)該是energythatisexpended。

4.考查前后邏輯??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核麄儼丫哂邢M水平的人變?yōu)榀偪褓徺I食物的消費者,這些食物通常能量很高,營養(yǎng)價值很低。nutritional符合題意。

5.考查前后邏輯??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵捍送猓澄锉贿^量生產(chǎn),尤其是發(fā)達(dá)國家擁有的食物遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過他們所需要的食物--這又是一件具有諷刺意義的事。前面已經(jīng)提到過一件諷刺的事thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity,因此another符合題意。

6.考查動詞短語。空格處所在句子的句意為:過量的食物使各大公司為銷售而進(jìn)行競爭。competefor“為……而競爭”。

7.考查后置定語??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵焊鞔蠊緸榱烁偁?,采用的手段有:廣告,健康宣言,推出新產(chǎn)品,加量包裝,還有直接針對孩子的活動。空格處所在的單詞顯然是用來修飾campaigns這個單詞的,應(yīng)該填一個過去分詞來作后置定語,directtoward表示針對……。

8.考查固定搭配。thinkof“想出”。

9.考查前后邏輯。空格處所在句子的句意是:農(nóng)業(yè)、食品、雜貨店、飯店、減肥業(yè)或制藥業(yè)都不會獲益。所以此處是一個否定的意思,not符合題意。

10.考查動詞的用法??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵喝藗兂缘枚鄷r,所有行業(yè)都會發(fā)展繁榮,所有行業(yè)都花錢請游說者去勸政府不要采取任何措施禁止過度飲食(overeat)。Inhibitdoingsth.“禁止做某事”。

7.翻譯題

Totalitarianismisthepolarcaseofsuchbureaucraticconcentrationofpowerthatdestroysdemocraticprocessess,butnottheonlyone.Thesametendencycanbeobservedinpoliticalmachinethattransferthepowerthatlegallybelongstovoterstopoliticalbosses,inbusinesscorporationsthatvestthepowerthatrightfullybelongstostockholdersincorporationofficials,inthoseunionsthatbestowthepowerthatrightfullybelongstorank-and-filemembersuponunionleaders.Thesecasesleadsomewriterstocontendthatthepresenttrendtowardbureaucratizationspellsthedoomofdemocraticinstitution.Thismaywellbetoofatalisticaviewpoint,buttherecanbenodoubtthatthistrendconstitutesachallenge.Toprotectourselvesagainstthisthreat,whilecontinutingtoutilizetheseeffcientadministrativemechanisms,wemustfirstlearnfullytounderstandhowbureaucraciesfunction.

【答案】【參考譯文】

極權(quán)主義是這種官僚權(quán)力集中破壞民主進(jìn)程的極端例子,但不是唯一的例子。在其他方面也可看到相同趨勢:政治機器將合法屬于選民的權(quán)力轉(zhuǎn)移給政治領(lǐng)袖;商業(yè)公司將合法屬于股東的權(quán)力授予公司高層;一些工會將應(yīng)賦予普通成員的權(quán)力給工會領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。這些案例使一些作家認(rèn)為,目前的官僚主義趨勢預(yù)示著民主制度的滅亡。這可能是一個偏宿命論的觀點,但毫無疑問,這種趨勢(給我們)帶來了一種挑戰(zhàn)。在我們繼續(xù)使用這些有效行政機制時,為了保護(hù)自己不受這種威脅,必須首先充分了解官僚機制是如何運作的。

8.單選題

Therearenotmanyteacherswhoarestrong()oftraditionalmethodsinEnglishteaching.

問題1選項

A.sponsors

B.contributors

C.advocates

D.performers

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。sponsor贊助商;contributor貢獻(xiàn)者,參與者;advocate擁護(hù)者,提倡者;performer表演者,執(zhí)行者。句意:堅決擁護(hù)傳統(tǒng)的英語教學(xué)方法的老師并不是很多。選項C符合句意。

9.單選題

Asisknowntoall,thePopeisthe()leaderoftheRomeCatholicChurch.

問題1選項

A.ultimate

B.utmost

C.superior

D.supreme

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項ultimate“最終的,極限的”;B選項utmost“極度的,最遠(yuǎn)的”;C選項superior“上級的,優(yōu)秀的,出眾的”;D選項supreme“最高的,極大的”。句意:眾所周知,教皇是羅馬天主教會的最高領(lǐng)袖。由選項意思和句意可知,D選項符合句意。

10.單選題

Despiteatendencytobeovertly(

),thepoetryoftheMiddleAgesoftensparkstheimaginationandprovideslivelyentertainment,aswellaspioussentiments.

問題1選項

A.diverting

B.whimsical

C.didactic

D.deceitful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。diverting有趣的,令人快樂的;whimsical古怪的,異想天開的;didactic說教的,教誨的;deceitful欺詐的。句意:盡管趨勢是明顯的說教,但是中世紀(jì)的詩歌經(jīng)常激發(fā)人們想象力,提供生動的樂趣以及虔誠的感情。由despite及下文可知空格處所填的單詞與后文意思相反。

11.單選題

Thelawyerthoughtthatpieceofevidencewas()earlyintheinvestigationbutitturnedouttobevitalinconvictingthemanoftheft.

問題1選項

A.unchangeable

B.insignificant

C.inevitable

D.unsuitable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。unchangeable“無法改變的”;insignificant“無關(guān)緊要的”;inevitable“必然的,不可避免的”;unsuitable“不適合的”。根據(jù)表轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but可知前后有一個轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,后面提到“它(證據(jù))成為指控那個男人盜竊的關(guān)鍵證據(jù)”,可知前面的內(nèi)容是認(rèn)為這個證據(jù)“無關(guān)緊要”,因此選項B符合題意。

12.單選題

HostilitytoGypsieshasexistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14lhcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wereshroudedinmystery.Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago,workingasminstrelsandmercenaries,metal-smithsandservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies.Aclansystem,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmadethemadeeplyfragmentedandfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallgadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivistsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor“man”.ButonmytravelsamongthemmoststillreferredtothemselvesasGypsies.

InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism.Atvarioustimestheyhavebeenforbiddentoweartheirdistinctivebrightclothes,tospeaktheirownlanguage,totravel,tomarryoneanother,ortoplytheirtraditionalcrafts.Insomecountriestheywerereducedtoslavery,itwasn’tuntilthemid-1800sthatGypsyslaveswerefreedinRomania.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust.Theirhorseshavebeenshotandthewheelsremovedfromtheirwagons,theirnameshavebeenchanged,theirwomenhavebeensterilized,andtheirchildrenhavebeenforciblygivenforadoptiontonon-Gypsyfamilies.

ButtheGypsieshaveconfoundedpredictionsoftheirdisappearanceasadistinctethnicgroupandtheirnumbershaveburgeoned.Todaythereareanestimated8to12millionGypsiesscatteredacrossEurope,makingthemthecontinent’slargestminority.Theexactnumberishardtopindown.Gypsieshaveregularlybeenundercounted,bothbyregimesanxioustodownplaytheirprofileandbyGypsiesthemselves,seekingtoavoidbureaucracies.Attemptingtoremedypastinequities,activistgroupsmayovercount.HundredsofthousandsmorehaveemigratedtotheAmericasandelsewhere.WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown-unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.“Romanestan”saidRonaldLee,theCanadianGypsywriter,“iswheremytwofeetstand.”

1.Gypsiesareunitedonlywhenthey(

).

2.InhistoryhostilitytoGypsiesinEuroperesultedintheirpersecutionbyallthefollowingEXCEPT

).

3.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweentheGypsiesandtheJewsliesintheirconceptsof(

).

問題1選項

A.areengagedintraditionalcrafts

B.callthemselvesRoma

C.liveunderaclansystem

D.faceexternalthreats

問題2選項

A.theEgyptians

B.thestate

C.thechurch

D.theNazis

問題3選項

A.language

B.culture

C.identity

D.custom

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

【解析】1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“Gypsiesareunitedonlywhen”提供了重要信息,表明吉普賽人平時是并不會聯(lián)合在一起,是個分散的民族。第一段倒數(shù)第三句中說到“onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies只有在面對來自非吉普賽人的敵意時才真正團(tuán)結(jié)起來”,由此可知使吉普賽人團(tuán)結(jié)起來的是外人的敵意。因此D選項“面對外部威脅”符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。本題需要從歐洲對吉普賽人的種種迫害行為中作排除法。第二段提到“withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism教會在他們的算命中看到異端邪說,國家在他們的游牧中看到反社會行為”以及“InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria在更近的時期,吉普賽人陷入了納粹種族狂熱中”。因此教會、國家和納粹都對吉普賽人進(jìn)行了迫害,A選項“埃及人”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。本題需要找出吉普賽人與猶太人的區(qū)別。最后一段最后兩居中說到了兩個種族的比較“WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown-unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.除了極少數(shù)的例外,吉普賽人并沒有表現(xiàn)出想要一個國家成為自己國家的強烈愿望——不像猶太人,吉普賽人的經(jīng)歷經(jīng)常被拿來與猶太人作比較?!笨芍召惾伺c猶太人的最大區(qū)別在于建立國家的愿望是否強烈,吉普賽人對自己身份的認(rèn)同性不如猶太人高。C選項正確。

13.單選題

TheStoicsandtheEpicureans,however(

)intherestoftheirsystems,agreedinholdingthemselvesboundtoprovethattheirrespectivemaximsofconductwerethedictatesofnature.

問題1選項

A.irresponsible

B.irreconcilable

C.irreproachable

D.irremediable

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。irresponsible“不可靠的”;irreconcilable“矛盾的”;irreproachable“無可指責(zé)的”;irremediable“不能挽回的”。句意:斯多葛學(xué)派和伊壁鳩魯派在其余的體系中是矛盾的,但是他們一致認(rèn)為必須證明他們各自的行為準(zhǔn)則是符合自然要求的。選項B符合題意。

14.單選題

Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalheathchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedialknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitrestrictedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayconcernourhealth.Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodswewant,andliveacompletelysedentarylife-stylewithoutanyexercise.Thefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursociety,althoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestioned.Personalchoicesrelativetohealthoftencauseadifficulty.Asoneexample,ateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo.

Amultitudeoffactors,bothinheritedandenvironmental,influencethedevelopmentofhealth-relatedbehaviors,anditisbeyondthescopeofthistexttodiscussallthesefactorsastheymayaffectanygivenindividual.However,thedecisiontoadoptaparticularhealth-relatedbehaviorisusuallyoneofpersonalchoices.Therearehealthychoicesandthereareunhealthychoices.Indiscussingthemoralsofpersonalchoice,FriesandCrapodrewacomparison.Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.Thus,forthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpreservingboththequalityandquantityoflife,personalheathchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitalityandlongevity.

1.Theconceptofpersonalchoiceconcerninghealthisimportantbecause().

2.To“l(fā)iveacompletelysedentarylife-style”(Para.1)mostprobablymeans().

3.Soundpersonalhealthchoiceisoftendifficulttomakebecause().

4.ToknowinglyallowoneselftopursueunhealthyhabitsiscomparedbyFriesandCrapoto().

5.AccordingtoFriesandCraposoundhealthchoiceshouldbebasedon().

問題1選項

A.personalheathchoiceshelpcuremostillnesses

B.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledge

C.itisessentialtopersonalfreedominAmericansociety

D.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth

問題2選項

A.to“l(fā)iveaninactivelife”

B.to“l(fā)iveadecentlife”

C.to“l(fā)ivealifewithcompletefreedom”

D.to“l(fā)ivealifeofvice”

問題3選項

A.currentmedicalknowledgeisstillinsufficient

B.therearemanyfactorsinfluencingourdecisions

C.fewpeoplearewillingtotradethequalityoflifeforthequantityoflife

D.peopleareusuallyinfluencedbythebehavioroftheirfriends

問題4選項

A.improvingthequalityofone’slife

B.limitingone’spersonalhealthchoice

C.deliberatelyendingone’slife

D.breakingtherulesofsocialbehavior

問題5選項

A.personaldecisions

B.society’slaws

C.statisticalevidence

D.friends’opinions

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“personalchoice”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalheathchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedialknowledge.(如果個人根據(jù)目前的醫(yī)學(xué)知識做出正確的個人健康選擇,估計90%的疾病是可以預(yù)防的。),也就是說不正確的個人健康選擇可能會導(dǎo)致疾病的發(fā)生。所以D選項“錯誤的決定可能會導(dǎo)致健康狀況不佳”正確。A選項“個人健康選擇有助于治療大多數(shù)疾病”,文章說的是預(yù)防大多數(shù)疾病,而不是治療,所以A錯誤。B選項“有助于提高我們的醫(yī)學(xué)知識水平”,文章說的是只需根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的醫(yī)學(xué)知識做出個人健康選擇,而這樣不會提高醫(yī)學(xué)知識水平,所以B錯誤。C選項“對美國社會的個人自由至關(guān)重要”表述正確,但與題目的問題不相關(guān),所以C錯誤。

2.詞義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“sedentarylife-style”可以定位到文章第一段第五句Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodswewant,andliveacompletelysedentarylife-stylewithoutanyexercise.(如果我們愿意,我們可以抽煙、酗酒、拒絕系安全帶、想吃什么就吃什么,過一種完全久坐不運動的生活方式。),可以得知這種生活方式是久坐不運動的。所以A選項“過著不活動的生活”符合題意。B選項“過著體面的生活”,C選項“過著完全自由的生活”和D選項“過著罪惡的生活”均不能形容久坐不運動的生活方式,所B,C,D錯誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由A選項可以定位到文章第一段第二句Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalheathchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedialknowledge.(如果個人根據(jù)目前的醫(yī)學(xué)知識做出正確的個人健康選擇,估計90%的疾病是可以預(yù)防的。),說明現(xiàn)有的醫(yī)學(xué)知識是足夠的,所以A選項“現(xiàn)有的醫(yī)學(xué)知識仍然不足”錯誤。C選項“很少有人愿意用生命的質(zhì)量來換取生命的數(shù)量”在原文中沒有提及,所以C選項不符合題意。由D選項可以定位到第一段最后一句Asoneexample,ateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo.(例如,青少年可能知道吸煙和健康的相關(guān)事實,但可能會迫于朋友的壓力,相信這是社會公認(rèn)的事情。),舉例說明了朋友的影響是其中一個原因,但不夠全面,所以D選項“人們通常會受到朋友行為的影響”不符合題意。由B選項可以定位到第二段第一句Amultitudeoffactors,bothinheritedandenvironmental,influencethedevelopmentofhealth-relatedbehaviors(許多因素,包括遺傳因素和環(huán)境因素,影響健康相關(guān)行為的發(fā)展),說明個人健康選擇是受多方面的因素影響的,所以B選項“有許多因素影響著我們的決定”正確。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“knowinglyallowoneself”可以定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二句Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.(明知某一行為在統(tǒng)計上有縮短壽命的可能,而故意沉溺于這種行為,無異于企圖自殺。),意思是明知某種行為不健康還要去做,相當(dāng)于自殺,所以C選項“故意結(jié)束自己的生命”正確。A選項“提高一個人的生活質(zhì)量”,追求不健康的習(xí)慣不能提高生活質(zhì)量,所以A錯誤。B選項“限制個人健康選擇”,故意沉溺于不健康的行為正是個人選擇的體現(xiàn),而不是限制個人選擇,所以B錯誤。D選項“違反社會行為規(guī)則”文中沒有提及,所以D錯誤。

5.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“FriesandCrapo”可以定位到文章第二段,第二段中最后一句personalheathchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitalityandlongevity.(個人健康選擇應(yīng)該反映出那些在統(tǒng)計上有可能增加活力和長壽的行為。),說明個人健康選擇應(yīng)該基于統(tǒng)計學(xué)上的數(shù)據(jù)。所以C選項“統(tǒng)計學(xué)證據(jù)”正確。A選項“個人決定”,個人的選擇是有健康的也有不健康的,所以不能依據(jù)個人的決定來,A錯誤。B選項“社會的法律”在文中沒有提及,所以B錯誤。D選項“朋友的意見”,文章介紹了因為朋友的意見做出錯誤健康選擇的例子,所以不能依據(jù)朋友的意見,D錯誤。

15.單選題

Consumersandproducersobviouslymakedecisionsthatmoldtheeconomy,butthereisathirdmajor(1)toconsidertheroleofgovernment.Governmenthasapowerful(2)ontheeconomyinatleastfourways:

DirectServices.Thepostalsystem,forexample,isafederalsystem(3)theentirenation,asisthelargeandcomplexmilitaryestablishment.Conversely,theconstructionand(4)ofmosthighways,the(5)oftheindividualstates,andthepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalgovernment,areprimarily(6)forbycountyorcitygovernments.Policeandfireprotectionandsanitation(7)arealsotheresponsibilitiesoflocalgovernment.

RegulationandControl.Thegovernmentregulatesandcontrolsprivate(8)inmanyways,forthe(9)ofassuringthatbusinessservesthebest(10)ofthepeopleasawhole.Regulationisnecessaryinareaswhereprivateenterpriseisgranteda(11),suchasintelephoneorelectricservice,orinotherareaswherethereislimitedcompetition,aswithrailroadsorairlines.Publicpolicypermitssuchcompaniestomakeareasonable(12),butlimitstheirabilitytoraiseprices(13),sincethepublicdependsontheirservices.Oftencontrolis(14)toprotectthepublic,asforexample,whentheFoodandDrugAdministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof(15)infood.Inotherindustries,governmentsetsguidelinestoensurefaircompetitionwithoutusingdirectcontrol.

StabilizationandGrowth.Branchesofgovernment,includingCongressandsuchentitiesastheFederalReserveBoard,attempttocontroltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflationanddepression,by(16)taxrates,themoneysupply,andtheuseofcredit.Theycanalso(17)theeconomythroughchangesintheamountofpublicspendingbythegovernmentitself.

DirectAssistance.Thegovernmentprovidesmanykindsofhelpto(18)andindividuals.Forexample,tariffs(19)certainproductstoremainrelativelyfreeofforeigncompetition;importsaresometimestaxedsothatAmericanproductsareableto(20)betterwithcertainforeigngoods.Governmentsupportsindividualswhocannotadequatelycareforthemselves,bymakinggrantstoworkingparentswithdependentchildren,byprovidingmedicalcarefortheagedandtheindigent,andthroughsocialwelfaresystem.

問題1選項

A.economy

B.horror

C.magnifier

D.element

問題2選項

A.elevati

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