考研考博-英語-吉林司法警官職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林司法警官職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Lacking（

）politicalgoals,thetwopartiesquarreled.

問題1選項

A.intricate

B.coherent

C.intrinsic

D.distinct

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項intricate“復雜的”；B選項coherent“連貫的，一致的”；C選項intrinsic“本質的，固有的”；D選項distinct“明顯的，獨特的”。句意：由于缺乏一致的政治目標，兩黨發(fā)生了爭吵。選項B更符合語境。

2.單選題

Althoughwetriedtoconcentrateonthelecture,wewere（

）bythenoisefromthenextroom.

問題1選項

A.distracted

B.displaced

C.dispersed

D.discarded

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項distract“轉移；分心”；B選項displace“取代；置換；轉移”；C選項disperse“分散；傳播”；D選項discard“拋棄；丟棄”。句意：盡管我們努力集中精力聽演講，但還是被隔壁房間的噪音……了。句中存在轉折關系詞，表明前后方向改變，前半句說“集中精力”，后半句則是噪音讓我們“無法集中精力”。綜合分析選項可知A選項正確。

3.單選題

Oldpeopleare（

）toclaimaspecialheatingallowancefromthegovernment.

問題1選項

A.engaged

B.charmed

C.involved

D.entitled

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Engaged“使用中的”；charmed“著迷的”；involved“涉及的”；entitled“有資格的，有權的”。句意：老人有資格向政府申請?zhí)貏e的取暖津貼。選項D符合題意。

4.單選題

Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,painfreelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeverattainingrealhappiness.Iffunandpleasureareequaltohappiness,thenpainmustbeequaltounhappiness.Butinfact,theoppositeistrue;moreoftenthannotthingsthatleadtohappinessinvolvesomepain.

Asaresult,manypeopleavoidtheveryattemptsthataresourceoftruehappiness.Theyfearthepaininevitablybroughtbysuchthingsasmarriage,raisingchildren,professionalachievement,religiouscommitment,orself-improvement.

Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifheishonesthewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment.Forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventure,andexcitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.

Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight’ssleeporthree-dayvacation.Idon’tknowwhyanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfantodescriberaisingchildren.Butcoupleswhodecidenottohavechildrenneverknowthejoysofwatchingachildgrowuporofplayingwithagrandchild.

Understandingandacceptingthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisonemostliberatingrealization.Itliberatestime:nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthosewhoarealreadyhavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.

1.Tounderstandwhattruehappinessisonemust（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,abachelorresistsmarriagechieflybecause（

）.

3.Raisingchildren,intheauthor’sopinion,is（

）.

4.Fromthelastparagraph,welearnthatenvysometimesstemsfrom（

）.

5.Whatisthemainpointtheauthorisgoingtotellus?

問題1選項

A.putupwithpainunderallcircumstances

B.beabletodistinguishhappinessfromfun

C.makeeveryefforttoliberateoneselffrompain

D.haveasmuchfunaspossibleduringone’slifetime

問題2選項

A.hefindsmorefunindatingthaninmarriage

B.heisreluctanttotakeonfamilyresponsibilities

C.hebelievesthatlifewillbemorecheerfulifheremainssingle

D.hefearsitwillputanendtoallhisfunadventureandexcitement

問題3選項

A.amoralduty

B.athanklessjob

C.arewardingtask

D.asourceofsuffering

問題4選項

A.hatred

B.ignorance

C.prejudice

D.misunderstanding

問題5選項

A.Happinessoftengoeshandinhandwithpain

B.Onemustknowhowtoattainhappiness.

C.Itisimportanttomakecommitments

D.Itispainthatleadstohappiness.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據文章第一段：Iffunandpleasureareequaltohappiness,thenpainmustbeequaltounhappiness.如果娛樂和快樂等同于幸福，那么痛苦就等于不幸。...theoppositeistrue;moreoftenthannotthingsthatleadtohappinessinvolvesomepain.但事實上，恰恰相反;導致幸福的事情往往包含一些痛苦。確定B選項’娛樂與幸福區(qū)分開來‘正確。A選項’忍受各種環(huán)境下的痛苦‘、C選項’盡一切努力讓自己從痛苦中解脫出來‘、D選項’—生當中，盡可能的娛樂‘與原文不符，排除。

2.根據文章第三段：Ifheishonesthewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment.Forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.如果他是誠實的他會告訴你他害怕做出承諾，承諾是非常痛苦的。確定B選項‘他不愿意承擔家庭責任‘正確。A選項’他發(fā)現(xiàn)約會比婚姻有更多的樂趣‘、C選項’他相信，如果他繼續(xù)單身，他的生活會更加快樂‘、D選項’他害怕結束生活中的快樂、冒險和刺激‘與原文不符，排除。

3.根據文章第四段：Butcoupleswhodecidenottohavechildrenneverknowthejoysofwatchingachildgrowuporofplayingwithagrandchild.但是，決定不生孩子的夫妻永遠體會不到看著一個孩子長大和含飴弄孫所帶來的快樂。確定C選項‘是一項有回報的使命‘正確。A選項‘一種道德義務’、B選項‘一項吃力不討好的工作’、D選項‘是痛苦的來源’與原文矛盾。

4.根據文章最后一句：Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthosewhoarealreadyhavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.它把我們從嫉妒中解放出來：我們現(xiàn)在知道那些總是有那么多樂趣的人也許根本就不幸福。確定D選項‘誤解’正確。A選項‘憎恨’、B選項‘無知，愚昧’、C選項‘偏見’不符合原文，排除。

5.根據文章第一段：Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,painfreelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeverattainingrealhappiness.我們堅信充滿樂趣，沒有痛苦的生活就等于幸福，實際上減少了他們獲得真正幸福的機會。Iffunandpleasureareequaltohappiness,thenpainmustbeequaltounhappiness.Butinfact,theoppositeistrue;moreoftenthannotthingsthatleadtohappinessinvolvesomepain.如果娛樂和快樂等同于幸福，那么痛苦就等于不幸福。但事實上，但事實上，恰恰相反;導致幸福的事情往往包含一些痛苦。整個文章就是圍繞這一主題展開論述的，所以A選項‘幸福經常與痛苦緊密相連’正確。B選項‘人必須知道怎樣獲得幸?！?、C選項‘做出承諾很重要’原文沒有提到。D選項‘是痛苦引起了幸福‘與原文矛盾，排除。

5.單選題

Theriverwas（）withindustrialwastefromthenearbyfactory.

問題1選項

A.Irradiated

B.contaminated

C.corrupted

D.fragmented

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:這條河被來自附近的工業(yè)廢料（）。

irradiate輻射；contaminate污染；corrupt使腐敗，使墮落；fragment分裂，使成碎片。由題意可知這條河被工業(yè)廢料污染了，B選項“污染”符合句意。

6.翻譯題

在當今快速發(fā)展變化的世界，各行各業(yè)的領導者都需要有充分的想象力和批判精神，而非某種不成熟的狹隘觀點。就現(xiàn)實而言，堅實的人文和科學學科的教育通常會對很多具有挑戰(zhàn)性的高級職業(yè)，以及越來越多的成年人追求的職業(yè)做著最實實在在的準備。沒有任何一個特別的研究領域會永遠成為安全感、領導力和個人滿足感的門票。

【答案】Intoday'sfastchangingworld,leadersinallwalksoflifeneedtohavesufficientimaginationandcriticalspirit,ratherthanthenarrowviewofsomeimmature.Realistically,thesolideducationinthehumanitiesandsciencesoftenbealotofchallengingseniorcareer,aswellasagrowingnumberofadultspursuingcareerdoingthemosttangiblepreparations.Thereisnooneparticularareaofresearchwillalwaysbeasenseofsecurity,leadershipandpersonalsatisfactiontickets.

7.翻譯題

這是一只如此靈敏的（sensitive）安培表（ammeter）以至于它能測出電流的微弱變化。

【答案】

Thisissuchasensitiveammeterthatitcanmeasureaslightchangeinthecurrent.

8.單選題

Shedecidedto____inthehistorycourseatthelocaleveningschool.

問題1選項

A.enter

B.enroll

C.attend

D.register

【答案】B

【解析】

【選項釋義】

A.enter進來；進去B.enroll登記；報名

C.attend出席；參加D.register登記；注冊

【答案】B

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：她決定在當?shù)氐囊剐！瓪v史課。根據句意，可以推測她應該是在當?shù)氐囊剐竺蠚v史課。因此選B。

【干擾項排除】

A選項enter“進來；進去”，指進入或進入某事物，不符合語境；

C選項attend“出席；參加”，指出席某一事件，不符合語境；

D選項register“登記；注冊”，指把你/某人/某物的名字記在正式的名單上，不符合語境。

【句意】她決定報名當?shù)匾剐５臍v史課程。

9.單選題

Intheprocessofacquiringknowledge,asmuchcanbelearnedfromseekingasfromfinding,fromjourneysasfrom（

）.

問題1選項

A.travel

B.destination

C.instruction

D.seeking

【答案】B

【解析】根據句意可知,“seeking”和“finding”相對,那么填空處的詞應該與“journeys”相對,首先排除選項D;其次選項A與之意思相同,也可排除;選項C不符合句意;只有選項B正確。

10.單選題

Thereareasgoodfishinthesea（

）evercameoutofit.

問題1選項

A.than

B.like

C.as

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】句意:海里的好魚多得是（強中更有強中手）。

固定搭配?！癮s（作副詞用）+形容詞或副詞+as（作連詞用）”表示同級比較。

11.單選題

Theplane（

）,itsbombsexplodingasithittheground.

問題1選項

A.smashed

B.crushed

C.plunged

D.crashed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。smash意為“打碎，打破，撞擊”；crush意為“壓壞，壓碎”；plunge意為“暴跌，驟降”；crash意為“碰撞、墜落，墜毀”，根據習慣用法，飛機失事，動詞都是用crash。

句意：飛機墜毀了，其炸彈在撞擊地面時爆炸。

12.單選題

Thephonehasrungsooftentodaythatitisbecomea/an（

）.

問題1選項

A.interruption

B.frustration

C.distress

D.nuisance

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項interruption“中斷，干擾”；B選項frustration“挫折”；C選項distress“危難，不幸”；D選項nuisance“麻煩事”。句意：今天電話響了很多次，真煩人。選項D符合句意。

13.填空題

Filleachofthenumberedblanksinthefollowingpassagewithonesuitableword.

Fromthebeginning,waterhasfurnishedmanwithasourceoffoodandahighwaytotravelupon.Thefirstarose（1）waterwasadominantelementintheenvironment,achallenge（2）man'singenuity.TheEgyptiansinventedthe365（3）.calendarinresponse（4）theNile'sannualflooding.TheBabylonians,whowereamong（5）mostfamouslaw-makers（6）antiquity,devisededictsregulatingwaterusage.WaterinspiredtheChinese（7）builda1,000milecanal,acomplexsystem（8）,afternearly2,500years,（9）stillpartlyinuseandstillcommandstheaweofengineers.Buttheancientsneverfoundcompletesolutions（10）theirwaterproblems.TheHwangHo,orYellowRiverisalsoknown（11）"China'sSorrow";itissoerraticanddangerous（12）inasinglefloodithascausedmilliondeaths.FloodshazardedthegreatcivilizationoftheIndusRivervalley,andinadequatedrainageruinedmuch（13）itslanD.Today（14）dominatesmanasitalwayshas（15）.Itspresencecontinuestogovernthelocationofhishomesandcities;itstempestuousvariabilitycankill（16）orhisherdsorhiscrops;itsrouteslinkhimto（17）fellows;itsimmensevaluemayadd（18）.alreadydangerouspoliticalconflicts.Therearemanyexamples（19）thisinour（20）time.

【答案】1.where

2.to

3.day

4.to

5.the

6.in

7.to

8.which

9.remains

10.to

11.as

12.that

13.of

14.water

15.done

16.man

17.his

18.his

19.of

20.own

【解析】1.考查狀語從句。此處大意為：第一次發(fā)生在水在環(huán)境中占主導地位的地方?？崭袂笆莿釉~，空格后為一個句子，結合句意和語境得知正確答案為where。

2.考查固定搭配。achallengeto...“對……的挑戰(zhàn)”。

3.考查固定搭配。由空格前“365”和空格后“calendar日歷”可知應該填入day。

4.考查固定搭配。inresponseto“對……做出反應”。

5.考查最高級。most修飾形容詞表示最高級，和the搭配。

6.考查介詞。根據關鍵詞“antiquity古代”，以及空格前為完整句子，因此填入in，表示時間。

7.考查介詞。介詞to與后文動詞構成不定式，空格前是完整的主謂賓結構。

8.考查定語從句。空格前是名詞結構，空格后是缺乏主語的句子，結合語境，填入which構成定語從句。

9.考查動詞。根據語法結構，由and并列，此處應是與commands構成并列謂語動詞，根據后文stillpartlyinuse可知此處最佳答案為remains。

10.考查固定搭配。solutionto“解決……的辦法/方法”。

11.考查固定搭配。beknownas“被稱之為……”。

12.考查固定搭配so...that...“如此……以致于”。

13.考查詞組。muchof“大量，許多的”。

14.考查名詞。根據上下文，此處大意為：水一如既往地控制著人類。

15.考查現(xiàn)在完成時。此處大意為：水一如既往地控制著人類。根據句意和語境可知，應填入done。

16.考查名詞。根據后文的or和his可知應填入man。

17.考查代詞，根據前文提到hisherdsorhiscrops判斷出此處填入his。

18.考查詞組。addto“增加，加強”。

19.考查介詞。前文example和后文this表示所屬，因此填of。

20.考查代詞/形容詞。根據空格前后關鍵詞inour...time，以及句意：我們自己的時代，可知此處填own“自己的；特有的”。

14.寫作題

“Financialgainshouldbethemostimportantfactorinchoosingacareer.”

Discusstheextenttowhichyouagreewiththeopinionstatedabove.Supportyourviewswithreasonsand/orexamplesfromownexperience,observations,orreading.

【答案】FinancialGainShouldNotBetheMostImportantFactorinChoosingaCareer15.問答題

(A)Defineambitionandyouinstantly(B)revealagreatdealaboutyourself:Eventhatmostneutralofworks,Webster's,initsSeventhNewCollegiateEdition,(C)givesitselfoff,(D)definingambitionfirstandforemostas“anardentdesireforrank,fameandpower.”

【答案】C；改成givesitselfaway

16.單選題

VisatoMelina.R.D.gotthesurpriseofhercareerlastyear,whentheSeattle-basedvegetariannutritionistwasaskedtogiveaseminaronvegetarianismataseniorcitizencenter.“Ithoughtthere'dbefourorfivepeople,”shesays.Instead,theroomwaspackedwithseniorswhohadpaida$5feetohearheradvice.Andtheirinterestinbetterhealthwasn’tonlykeen;itwasinformed."They'veobviouslybeenpayingattentiontonewresearch,”shesays.

IfMelinastudieddemographictrendsforaliving,sheprobablywouldn’thavebeensosurprised.Trendwatchershaveverifiedanintriguingnewphenomenon.Olderpeopleareturningtoavegetariandietinever-increasingnumbers.Notsurprisingly,demographicsaredrivingthedrift.Bytheyear2005,peoplebombetween1949and1963theBabyBoomGeneration,willmakeup38percentoftheAmericanpopulation.Furthermore,statisticssuggestthiseducated,health-conscious,rebelliousandrelativelyaffluentcontingentfitsthetraditionalvegetarianprofile.Addtothefactthatolderpeopleseeknatural,pleasantwaystocombatproblemsassociatedwithaging-weightgain,highercholesterolandbloodpressure,increasedcancerriskandimpaireddigestion-andyouhaverealmotivationtogomeatless,saysSuzanneHavala,R.D.,authoroftheAmericanDieteticAssociation'spositionpaperonvegetarianism.

Quantifyingthisnewtrendisn'teasy,buta1994studybyHealthFocusInc.,anindependentresearchorganizationbasedinDesMoines,Iowa,foundthatshoppersoverage50arecuttingdownontheirconsumptionofredmeatoreliminatingitfromtheirdietsentirely.Morecompellingevidencefortheseniorsurgetowardvegetarianismcomesfromvegetariangroupsnationwide,whichreportaswellintheranksofoldervegetarians.Forexample,oneoutoffivemembersofthenewSyracuse(N.Y.)AreaVegetarianEducationSocietyisover50;unusuallyhighforafledglingorganization.Andtwo-thirdsofthe850-memberVegetarianSocietyofHonoluluarealsomembersoftheAmericanAssociationofRetiredPersons,societyexecutivessay.

Aninformalpollofolderpeoplesuggestsbetterhealthisoftenthemainincentiveandobjectiveforturningveg.ThreeyearsagoNancyRoberts,a53-year-oldmagazineeditorfoundherselfdoingwhatmanypeopledoovertheholidays:overindulginginrichtreats.However,thistimeitmadeherin.“Thecrashfeltliketheflu,”shesays.Bychance,Robertswasaskedtoeditsomevegetarianrecipesduringthatsameperiod.Shemadeafewathome,andher"flu”disappeared.

Moredramatically,RuthHeidrichbelievesvegetarianismsavedherlife.The61-year-oldmarathonerandtriathletewasdiagnosedwithbreastcancer14yearsago,atage47.Whenaninitialbiopsyindicatedfarmorecancerthanherdoctorshadthought,shewasreadytotakedesperatemeasures.Onthedayofthediagnosis,shespottedanewspaperadlookingforvolunteerstoenrollinastudyofbreastcanceranddiet,conductedbyJohnMcDougall,M.D.,aleadingadvocateoftheuseofdiettofightdisease.AftermeetingMcDougallandreviewingwhatshesayswasaneight-inchthickfileofstatisticslinkingahigh-fatdietwithbreastcancer,HeidrichconvertedfromatraditionalAmericandiettoanextremelylow-fatregimenwithnoanimalproducts.”1didn'tevenhaveskimmilkonmycereal,”shesays.Afteramastectomyandreconstructivesurgery,sheiscancer-free.Sheneverhadtoundergoradiationtreatmentorchemotherapyandbelievesherstrictvegetariandiethelpedspeedherrecoveryfromsurgery.

1.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"...demographicsaredrivingthedrift"?

2.WhydidNancyRobertsfallill?

3.HowdidNancyRobertsrecoverfromherillness?

問題1選項

A.ThehugeBabyBoomGenerationhasdecidedtobecomevegetarians.

B.Seniorcitizensbelievethatgoingmeatlessisanaturalandpleasantwaytocombatproblemsofaging.

C.Thegrowingtrendtowardvegetariansisduetoanincreaseinthenumberofelderpeople.

D.Moreandmorepeopleofallagesaregoingonavegetariandiettostayhealthy.

問題2選項

A.Becausesheatetoomuchrichfood.

B.Becausesheoverexertedherselfduringtheholidays.

C.Becauseshewasonahigh-fatdiet.

D.Becauseshecaughttheflu.

問題3選項

A.Bygoingonanextremelylow-fatregimen.

B.Byeatingsomevegetariandishesathome.

C.Bynotevenhavingskimmilkwithhercereal.

D.Byfollowingastrictvegetariandiet.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者說“人口統(tǒng)計學正在推動這一趨勢”是什么意思？’根據第二段中第四句“Bytheyear2005,peoplebornbetween1949and1963theBabyBoomGeneration,willmakeup38percentoftheAmericanpopulation.至2005年，出生在1949到1963歲之間的人--嬰兒潮一代--將占美國人口的38%。和第五句Furthermore,statisticssuggestthiseducated,health-conscious,rebelliousandrelativelyaffluentcontingentfitsthetraditionalvegetarianprofile.此外，統(tǒng)計數(shù)據顯示，這一受過教育、有健康意識、叛逆和相對富裕的隊伍符合傳統(tǒng)的素食主義?！贝_定題目中此話的意思是指C選項“素食主義者的增長趨勢是由于老年人人數(shù)的增加”。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問“為什么南希?羅伯茨會生?。俊备鶕箶?shù)第二段中“ThreeyearsagoNancyRoberts,a53-year-oldmagazineeditor,foundherselfdoingwhatmanypeopledoovertheholidays:overindulginginrichtreats.3年前，53歲的資深雜志編輯南希?羅伯茨，發(fā)現(xiàn)她做了很多人在假期會做的事：過度沉迷于吃豐富的食物?！贝_定A選項“因為她吃了太多豐富的食物”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘南希?羅伯茨是如何從病中康復的？根據文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Bychance,Robertswasaskedtoeditsomevegetarianrecipesduringthatsameperiod.Shemadeafewathome,andherfludisappeared.碰巧，羅伯茨在同一命期被要求編輯一些素食食譜。她在家做了一些素食，她的“流感”消失了?！贝_定B選項“在家吃些素食”正確。

17.單選題

InthecaseofFinney,whereanattendantatamentalhospitalcausedthedeathofapatientbyreleasingaflowofboilingwaterintoabath,thetestwaswhetherhewasgrossly______.

問題1選項

A.negative

B.negligent

C.neglected

D.negligible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項negative“負的；消極的；否定的；陰性的”；B選項negligent“疏忽的；粗心大意的”；C選項neglected“被忽視的；無人照管的”；D選項negligible“微不足道的，可以忽略的”。句意：在芬尼案中，精神病院的一名護工將沸騰的開水倒入浴缸，導致一名病人死亡，測試的是他是否嚴重疏忽。因此B選項正確。

18.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

1.Andgivingshouldbestrategicphilanthropyshouldnotsimplyrespondtoneedsbutshouldlookforinvestmentopportunitiesthatyieldsignificancereturns.

2.Whatremainspertinentisthereport’svisionoftheroleofgovernmentinresearch,includinghisassertionthatthefederalgovernmenthadboththeauthorityandtheobligationtosupportbasicresearch.

3.Thisneedisenshrinedintheconceptofsustainabledevelopment,whichmeansthatwemust,forthebenefitofcominggenerations,leaveenoughenvironmentalspacesothatthesegenerationswillbeabletoaddresstheirneedsandfulfilltheiraspirations.

4.ThethreatoftheColdWarwasaprimedrivingforceleadingtotheexpansionofU.S.science,nationallabsandacademicinstitutions.

5.Itisworthnotingthatpreventivemeasuresinvolvingsmokinganddietareconvenientlysimilarforcancerandheartdisease;oneexceptionisalcoholariskfactorfortheformer,apreventiveforthelater.

【答案】1.捐贈也應講策略——慈善事業(yè)應該不單是應人之需，而應該覓尋投資機會，以求產生可觀的回報。

2.該報告對政府在研究中所扮演的角色的看法仍然中肯，包括他的主張，即聯(lián)邦政府既有權力也有義務支持基礎研究。

3.這種需要體現(xiàn)在可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念中，這意味著為了后代的利益，我們必須留下足夠的環(huán)境空間，以滿足他們的需要，施展抱負。

4.冷戰(zhàn)的威脅曾是一個主要的驅動力，它導致了美國科學、國家實驗室以及學術機構團體的擴張。

5.值得注意的是，癌癥和心臟病的預防措施與吸煙和飲食很相似;一個例外是酒精——癌癥的危險因子，但卻是心臟病的預防因子。

19.單選題

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturedeliveredbytheprofessorbecauseitssubjectwasvery（）.

問題1選項

A.intriguing

B.indefinite

C.obscure

D.dubious

【答案】C

【解析】句意:幾乎沒有人能聽懂教授的講座，因為其主題很晦澀難懂。

考查形容詞辨析。intriguing有趣的，引人入勝的，神秘的；indefinite無期限的，不明確的，表示因定義不明確而引起理解上的模糊；obscure不淸楚的，模糊的，晦澀的，強調費解；dubious可疑的，含糊的，強調因可疑而引起的不確定。根據前半句句意“幾乎沒有人能聽懂教授的講座”可知C正確。

20.單選題

Nooneinthe____apartmentwasawakedbytheirquarrellingsounds.

問題1選項

A.approached

B.distant

C.neighbor

D.adjacent

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.approached臨近（過去式或過去分詞）B.distant遠的

C.neighbor鄰居n.D.adjacent相鄰的

【答案】D

【考查點】語義銜接與近義詞辨析

【解題思路】原句語義為“____公寓里沒有人被他們的爭吵聲吵醒?！卑凑照Z義和選項推測，爭吵聲吵醒的應該是臨近公寓的人，該處所填詞應該是一個形容詞，修飾公寓。D選項adjacent“相鄰的”符合要求。

【干擾項排除】

A選項approached“臨近（過去式或過去分詞）”，動詞，不做定語修飾“公寓”；

B選項distant“遠的”，不符合語義銜接；

C選項neighbor“鄰居”，名詞，不能直接修飾公寓。

【句意】他們的吵鬧聲沒有吵醒隔壁公寓的人。

21.單選題

Althoughshegivesbadly（

）titlestohermusicalcompositions,theyincorporateunusualcombinationsofmaterialsincludingGregorianchant,Asianscalepatternsandrhythms,electronicsounds,andbirdsongs.

問題1選項

A.exotic

B.eccentric

C.imaginative

D.conventional

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。exotic異國的，外來的eccentric古怪的，反常的；imaginative虛構的，富于想象的；conventional符合習俗的，日常的。句意：盡管她糟糕地給她的音樂作品賦以尋常的（傳統(tǒng)的）題目，但是這些作品卻體現(xiàn)出對一些材料的不尋常整合，比如羅馬教的圣歌、亞洲的音階風格節(jié)奏、古怪的聲響和鳥鳴。由although及unusual可知空格處所填單詞應與unusual相反，故答案為D。

22.單選題

Thisisanexcitingareaofstudy,andone（）whichnewapplicationsarebeingdiscoveredalmostdaily.

問題1選項

A.from

B.by

C.in

D.through

【答案】C

【解析】考査定語從句。inwhich表示“在某個領域被發(fā)現(xiàn)”。句意：這是一個令人興奮的研究領域,

一個幾乎每天都有新的應用程序被發(fā)現(xiàn)的領域。

23.單選題

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjam,thecostofpetrolandthefastpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecomingdeplorable.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisallverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatter.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog（占道者）,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign;otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadcourtesyisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtohitbackwhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofcourtesyhelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofcourtesyarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizecourtesywhentheyseeit.

Contrarytogeneralopinion,youngdrivershavebettermannersthantheirseniors.Butthisisshort-livedintheworldofmoderndrivingwheremanydriversneitherexpectnorgiveanymercy.Thismaybeencouragedonthebattlefieldbutisoutofplaceontheroads.

Lorrydriverssaytheyhavealmostabandonedthepracticeofsignalingcarstoovertakewhentheroadisclear,becausemanyofthecarstooktoolongtopass.Theycouldn’tbebotheredtoselectalowergear.Thecardrivers,afterovertaking,sloweddownagainandhoggedtheroad.Again,amotoringmagazinehasrecentlydrawnattentiontotheincreasingnumberofdriverswhoneverwaitforgaps.“Theymanufacturethembyforce,usingtheirdirectionindicatorsasathreatratherthanawarning.”Punch-ups（打群架）arequitecommon.Itcan’tbelongbeforewehearofpistolsandknivesbeingused.

Drivingisessentiallyastateofmind.Howevertechnicallyskilledadrivermaybe,hecan’tbeanadvancedmotoristifheisalwaysarrogantandaggressive.

1.Theauthorismostconcernedabout（）.

2.Theword“deplorable”(Para.1)mostprobablymeans“（）”.

3.Theword“courtesy”(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans“（）”.

4.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?

5.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3that（）.

6.Anexampleofgoodmannersontheroadsis（）.

7.Accordingtotheauthor,agooddrivershould（）.

問題1選項

A.trafficjam

B.roadmanners

C.fastpaceoflife

D.highcostofpetrol

問題2選項

A.moreserious

B.moretempting

C.disturbing

D.noticeable

問題3選項

A.driving

B.waving

C.goodmanners

D.badmanners

問題4選項

A.Manydriverstendtofightbackagainstrudebehaviors.

B.Alittlecourtesymayhelpeasethetensionsontheroad.

C.Goodwillandtolerancemayhelprelievetrafficjam.

D.Manydriversnowadayslackagoodsenseofcourtesy.

問題5選項

A.youngdriversaremoreaggressive

B.youngdriverswouldsoonlosetheirgoodmanners

C.elderdriversaremorecautious

D.elderdriversshouldimprovetheirdrivingskills

問題6選項

A.signalingcarstoovertake

B.manufacturingagap

C.selectingalowergear

D.usingthedirectionindicator

問題7選項

A.betechnicallyskilled

B.haveagoodstateofmind

C.besympatheticwithothers

D.takegoodcareofhisvehicle

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。作者圍繞交通文明而展開論述。因此B項“道路禮貌”比較符合本文主旨。

2.【試題解析】詞義題?！癲eplorable”所在句為：Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjam,thecostofpetrolandthefastpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecomingdeplorable（交通堵塞、汽油價格和現(xiàn)代生活的快節(jié)奏固然應該指責，但道路上的禮儀正變得……）。由此可知，deplorable有“糟糕，變壞”之意，故選A。

3.【試題解析】詞義題。對于“courtesy”的理解可參考其所在句子：Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofcourtesyhelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofcourtesyarealltooraretoday.（—個友好的點頭或揮手以回應一個……的行為，有助于創(chuàng)造友好和寬容的氛圍，而這正是現(xiàn)代交通條件下迫切需要的。但是這種禮貌的回應現(xiàn)如今實在太少見了），由此可知，courtesy意為“禮貌”。

4.【試題解析】主旨大意題。第二段先是提出了道路文明，尾句是主題句：這種禮貌的回應現(xiàn)如今實在太少見了。現(xiàn)在當遇到這樣的情況，許多司機甚至都意識不到這種禮貌或好意。因此D項“現(xiàn)在許多司機缺乏禮貌意識”比較符合第二段大意。

5.【試題解析】判斷推理題。第三段指出：Butthisisshort-livedintheworldofmoderndrivingwheremanydriversneitherexpectnorgiveanymercy.（但是這會是短暫的，在這個現(xiàn)代的駕駛世界，許多司機既不期待也不給予任何寬容），由此推測，B項“年輕的司機很快就會失去他們的禮貌”正確。

6.【試題解析】判斷推理題。第四段指出：卡車司機說，他們幾乎已經放棄了在道路暢通時向汽車發(fā)出超車信號的做法，自己懶得麻煩變道，即使這么做了，上來的車也不會有好的做法。因此，這屬于一種道路禮貌的行為，故選A項。

7.【試題解析】判斷推理題。Drivingisessentiallyastateofmind.Howevertechnicallyskilledadrivermaybe,hecan’tbeanadvancedmotoristifheisalwaysarrogantandaggressive.（開車是一種心態(tài)，技術再好的司機，如果傲慢和具有侵略性，也不可能是一位優(yōu)秀的司機）。由此可知，作者認為，優(yōu)秀的司機得有一個好心態(tài)。故選B。

24.單選題

Wenowcometothevitaltopicofmoney.First,wemustrememberthatscience,onanysignificantscale,existsonlyineconomieswherethereissurplusofgoodsandservices.Aprosperouseconomyformsanecessarybaseforscientificwork.Tragically,theeconomiesofthe"underdeveloped"countries,wheretheneedisoverwhelming,havenotsupported--norhavetheybeencapableofsupporting—anysubstantialscientificandtechnicaltrainingorresearch.ReadthespeechofP.M.S.Blackette,PresidentoftheRoyalSociety,inwhichtheexistinggreatdisparitybetweenthe"have"and"have-not"economiesisconsidered.Theprimarythemeofhisaddressisthatthegapisnotclosing;onthecontrary,itsteadilygrowswider.

TheUnitedStates,asthemostwealthyindustrialnation,spendsagreateramountonresearchanddevelopmentthananyothernations.Itisbeyondthescopeofthisbooktoconsiderindetailwhethertheamountspentisadequate,eitherinrelationtoourowneconomyorinrelationtoourpositionintheworld.Atbestthequestionisanopenone.

Inthelastfewyears,financialsupportforsciencehaschangedsignificantly.Itisfrustratingtoreportthat,inspiteofnumerousstatementsabouttheextentandnatureofthesechanges,ithasbeenimpossibletofindsufficientagreementtobesurejustwhathashappened.Twopointsdoappearclear.First,therehasbeenanoverallcutinresearchfunds,furtherreinforcedbysubstantialinflationofprices.Second,therehasbeenincreasedemphasison"relevant"researchthatisresearchwithimmediatepracticalapplications.

Onereportthatreflectsmostcloselyourownestimateofthesituationwasmadebyafive-membercommitteefromtheNationalAcademyofSciences.ThisgroupinvestigatedfundingofchemistryprojectsbytheNationalInstitutesofHealth.Thecommitteeconcludedthatfundinghadbeendeclinedbyanaverageof20%andthatthesectionmostcloselyrelatedtobasicresearchhadfundscutinhalf.Thecommitteefoundthatvariousinstitutes,in-houseresearch,administrativebudgets,andcontinuingextramural（校外的）grantshadbeenprotectedwiththeresultthatnewandrenewalgrantshadbecomeadisasterarea.Otherreportsstatingthatfederalinstitutes’fundshavehadonlylimitedcutshaveapparentlyignoredthepointmadebytheNationalAcademyCommittee.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthe"underdeveloped"countries?

2.Whichofthefollowingwordsmeansnearlythesameas“disparity”usedinline