考研考博-英語-和田師范?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-和田師范?？茖W(xué)校考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

IfyoujudgetheprogressofhumanitybyHomerSimpson,ParisHilton,andGirlsGoneWildvideos,youmightconcludethatourevolutionhasstalledorevenshiftedintoreverse.Notso,scientistssay.Humansareevolvingfasterthaneverbefore,pickingupnewgenetictraitsandtalentsthatmayhelpussurviveaturbulentfuture.

Muchremodelinghasgoneonsciencethedawnofagricultureabout10millenniumsago.”Peoplewholived10000yearsagoweremuchmorelikeNeanderthalsthanwearelikethosepeople:saysJohnHawks,aprofessorofanthropologyattheUniversityofWisconsin."We’vechanged".

Hawksisamongagrowingnumberofscientistswhoareusingwhole-genomesequencing(全基因組測試)andothermodemtechnologiestozeroinonjusthowwe’vechanged.Theirresearchishelpingilluminatenotonlyhowhumansbecamewhatwearebutalsowherewemightbeheaded.Forinstance,somescientistsspeculatethatchangesinhumanmatingpatternsmaybecontributingtotheincreaseinautism.Otherstrackhowhumanshavemorphedinresponsetochangingcircumstance,includingenhancedabilitiestometabolizesugarandfightdisease.SomepeoplearegeneticallymoreresistanttotheHIVvirus,forinstance,andthattraitshouldbecomemorecommoninthefuture,asthosepeoplearemorelikelytosurviveandhavechildrenwhoareresistant.Yetforsomepeople,themakeoverisn’tbigenoughorfastenough.SomeparentshavestartedusingDNAtestingtochoosethegeneticmakeupoftheirchildren,rejectingembryoswithinheritedflawsorembracingthosewithdesiredtraits-suchasbeingtherightsex.

Untilrecently,anthropologistthoughtthathumanevolutionhadsloweddown,butlastDecember,Hawksreportedthatithadactuallyaccelerated100-foldinthepast5000to10000years.HefiguredthatoutbycomparingchunksofDNAamong269peoplefromaroundtheworld.Overtime,DNAaccumulatesrandommutations,justasthefrontofawhiteT-shirttendstoaccumulatespots.ThebiggerthechunksofDNAwithoutrandomspots,themostrecentlyithadbeenmimed.Usingthissystem,Hawksconcludedthatrecentgeneticchangesaccountforabout7percentofhumangenome.Muchoftheincrease,hesays,hasfueledbythegrowthoftheworld’spopulation,whichhasexpandedbyafactorof1000overthepast10000years.Havingmorepeopleincreasestheoddsofmutations.

Atthesametime,thehumangenomehasbeenscramblingtoadopttoarapidlychangingworld-11000yearsago,nobodyframed,nobodymilkeddomesticatedanimals,andnobodylivedinacity.Peoplewithamutationthataidedsurvivalweremorelikelytothrive,reproduce,andpassthatmutationalongtooffspringForexample,thecapacitytodigestlactose,thesugarinmilk,hasbecomecommononlyoverthepast3000years.Now,about95percentofthepeopleinnorthernGermanyhavethemutation,whichalsopoppedupindependentlyamongtheMasaiinAfricanandtheLappsinFinlandHawkssays:"thisisreallyrapidevolution."

Humanswillcontinuetochangetocopewithnewdiseases,ifhistoryisanyguideGenesthatdefendagainstinfectionsdiseasehavebeenamongthemostrapidlyevolvingpartsofthehumangenome.PeoplewhoseancestorslivedinEuropeancitiesaremorelikelytohavesomeresistancetosmallpox,whilepeopleinsub-SaharanAfricaaremorelikelytogeneticallyresistancetomalaria.Justweeksago,researchreportedthatonegeneticvariantthatonegeneticvariantthatprotectsagainstmalariaalsomakespeoplemoresusceptibletoAIDS,adiscoverythatcouldleadtotailoredtreatmentifforAIDSinAfrica.

Rightnow,ourgenesareplayingcatch-upagainstmodemscourges-likediabetes,NativeAmericansandPolynesians,whoseculturesonlyrecentlyadoptedaEuropean-styledietofdiabetes.Thetheoryisthatthe'thriftygenes"thathelpedthosegroupssurvivefamineshaven’thadtimetoadapttotheglucosespikescausedbyeatingstarchyfood."Howwemovesugarsaroundhowbumthemhavereallychangedalot,"saysGregoryWary,anevolutionarybiologistatDukeUniversity.

It’sevenpossiblethatveryrecentchangesinsocietyandtheworkplacecouldunderpintherecentriseincasesofautism.SimonBaron-Cohen,directoroftheAutismResearchCentreattheUniversityofCambridge,wasstruckbyhowmanyoftheparentsofchildrenwithautismwhohetestedwerereallygood‘‘systematizers”peoplewhounderstandtheworldaccordingtorulesorlaws.TheyalsoweremorelikelytohaveafatherwhoworkedinengineeringHewondersiftheincreaseinautismdiagnosescouldbepartlydueto‘a(chǎn)ssortativemating’thatis,peoplepickingmateslikethemselves.

Peoplewithautism(自閉癥)spectrumdisorderareoftendetailorientedandanalytical,andtodaytheymighthaveaneasiertimefindingaspousewithsimilarabilitiesthantheywouldhaveinpasteras.Baron-Cohennotesthatinthelate1950s,onlytwopercentoftheundergraduatesatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologywerewomen;now,50percentare.So,he’ssettingupastudytotestwhetherassortativematingamongpeoplewithageneticpredispositionforautismcouldbefuelingthebirthofmorechildrenwithautism.

Thehumanbrain,whichhasevolvedintocognitionuniqueintheworld,islikelytochangeevenmoreinthefuture.Ournicheinnature,saysStephenPinker,anexperimentalpsychologistatHarvardUniversitywhostudiestheevolutionoflanguageandthemindisthe’’cognitiveniche".Inresearchpublishedlastyear,Waryidentifiedgenesthatcontrolglucosemetabolisminthebrainasamongthosemostrecentlyevolved.Thosechangesmayhavebeenessentialtofuelingthehumanbrain’sgrowthtoasizetwicethatofournearestcousinthechimpanzee."Ifyoumakeabigbrain,it’sanenergyhog:Warysays.’’It'slikeputtingV-8energyinatinylittlecar/'Itcouldalsohelpexplainwhychimpanzeesdon'tgetdiabetes,whitehumansdo.

【答案】霍克斯是越來越多使用全基因組測序和其他現(xiàn)代技術(shù)來關(guān)注人類變化的科學(xué)家之一。

例如，有些人在基因上對(duì)艾滋病毒有更強(qiáng)的抵抗力，這種特性在未來應(yīng)該會(huì)變得更加普遍，因?yàn)檫@些人更有可能存活下來，并生下具有抗艾滋病毒能力的孩子。

一些父母已經(jīng)開始使用DNA測試來選擇他們孩子的基因組成，拒絕那些有遺傳缺陷的胚胎，或者接受那些有理想特征的胚胎例如恰當(dāng)?shù)男詣e的胚胎。

其祖先生活在歐洲城市的人更有可能對(duì)天花有抵抗能力，而生活在撒哈拉以南非洲地區(qū)的人更有可能生來就有抗瘧疾能力。

自閉癥譜系障礙患者往往注重細(xì)節(jié)，善于分析。如今，他們可能比過去的時(shí)代更容易找到具有類似能力的配偶。

2.單選題

Itgavemeastrangefeelingofexcitementtoseemynamein（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.news

B.print

C.publication

D.press

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。news意為“新聞，消息”；print意為“印刷業(yè)，印記”；publication意為“出版”；press意為“新聞，出版社”。inprint意為“印出來”。

句意：當(dāng)看到我的名字出現(xiàn)在出版物上時(shí)，我有一種奇怪的興奮感。

3.單選題

ItisshockingtoreadJohnson’swordsfromthe1960s.Hespoke____about“whiteguilt”and“equality(of)result”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bluntly

B.crossly

C.discreetly

D.tenderly

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.bluntly直言地B.crossly憤怒地

C.discreetly謹(jǐn)慎地D.tenderly溫柔地

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接

【解題思路】根據(jù)前文“令人震驚的（shocking）”和后文“白人的罪惡感（whiteguilt）”和“結(jié)果的平等（equality(of)result）”推斷，A選項(xiàng)bluntly“直言地”最符合原文語義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原句前后語義銜接。

【句意】讀到約翰遜上世紀(jì)60年代的文字，令人震驚。他直言不諱地談到了“白人的罪惡感”和“結(jié)果的平等”。

4.單選題

I’msureyourresearchhas______thisdisease.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contributedtounderstandingof

B.contributedtounderstandof

C.beencontributedtounderstandof

D.beencontributedtounderstandingof

【答案】A

【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：我相信你的研究有助于了解這種疾病。I’msure(that)+賓語從句，根據(jù)contribute的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去、對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，確定用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；根據(jù)contribute的動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)發(fā)生，確定用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；根據(jù)of所屬結(jié)構(gòu)確定用名詞性的understanding，A選項(xiàng)contributedtounderstandingof符合題意。B選項(xiàng)understand是動(dòng)詞詞性，C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)中hasbeendone是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Maryfounditdifficultto____Jim’sfatherwhenhedisapprovedoftheirmarriage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standfor

B.standout

C.standby

D.standupto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析與上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)standfor“代表”；B選項(xiàng)standout“顯眼；突出”；C選項(xiàng)standby“繼續(xù)支持（某人），尤指處于困境者”；D選項(xiàng)standupto“經(jīng)受住；反抗（某人）”。句意：Mary發(fā)現(xiàn)很難____Jim的父親，當(dāng)他不贊成他們的婚姻時(shí)。A、B選項(xiàng)不符合句意，排除；Jim的父親不是處于困境者，而是相對(duì)來說更強(qiáng)大的人，D選項(xiàng)更符合句意，表達(dá)的是“Mary發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)Jim的父親不贊成他們的婚姻時(shí)，反抗他很難”。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

6.單選題

Thespeaker______uswithtalesofexoticlandsandburiedtreasure.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.detour

B.offset

C.tantalized

D.ushered

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.detour繞行，繞道B.offset抵消，彌補(bǔ)；襯托出

C.tantalized逗弄；令人干著急D.ushered引導(dǎo)；招待；迎接

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)withtalesofexoticlandsandburiedtreasure（講述異國風(fēng)情和埋藏寶藏的故事）可知，這個(gè)演講者是通過講故事來逗樂我們，C項(xiàng)詞義符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】演講者講了許多關(guān)于異國他鄉(xiāng)和埋藏寶藏的故事，把我們逗樂了。

7.單選題

Hequickly（

）alargefortune.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accumulated

B.compiled

C.accompanied

D.accommodated

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他很快積累了一大筆財(cái)富。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去式。Accumulate積累,増加,聚集;compile編寫(書、列表、報(bào)告等),編纂,編譯;accompany陪伴,伴隨…發(fā)生;accommodate提供住宿,使…適應(yīng)。因此A符合句意。

8.單選題

Whiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstopping（

）togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.occasionally

B.simultaneously

C.eventually

D.promptly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)occasionally“偶爾地，偶然”；B選項(xiàng)simultaneously“同時(shí)地”；C選項(xiàng)eventually“最后，終于”；D選項(xiàng)promptly“迅速地，立即”。根據(jù)togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth（來捋一下她又長又飄逸的頭發(fā)）及句意可知A選項(xiàng)符合邏輯，表示捋頭發(fā)這個(gè)動(dòng)作偶爾做。句意：在打字時(shí)，海倫有一個(gè)習(xí)慣，偶爾停下來捋一下她又長又飄逸的頭發(fā)。

9.單選題

Bacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings.Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesorcentimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofamillimeter:apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shapedbacteriaareusuallyfromtwotofourmicronslong,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thus,ifyouenlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthesizeofapinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbeoveramile(1.6kilometers)tall.

Evenwithanordinalmicroscopy,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots.Onecannotmakeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecanseethatsomebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy-looking"hairs"calledflagella.Othershaveonlyoneflagellum.Theflagellarotate,pushingthebacteriathroughthewater.Manybacterialackflagellaandcannotmoveaboutbytheirownpower,whileotherscanglidealongoversurfacesbysomelittle-understoodmechanism

Fromthebacterialpointofview,theworldisaverydifferentplacefromwhatitistohumans.Toabacterium,waterisasthickasmolassesistous.Bacteriaaresosmallthattheyareinfluencedbythemovementsofthechemicalmoleculesaroundthem

Bacteriaunderthemicroscope,eventhosewithnoflagella,oftenbounceaboutinthewater.Thisisbecausetheycollidewiththewatermoleculesandarepushedthiswayandthat.Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofasecondthemoleculesaroundabacteriumhaveallbeenreplacedbynewones;evenbacteriawithoutflagellaarethusconstantlyexposedtoachangingenvironment.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Bacteriaaremeasuredin（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthesmallest?

4.Accordingtothepassage,someonewhoexaminesbacteriausingonlyamicroscopethatmagnifies100timeswouldsee

（

）.

5.Therelationshipbetweenabacteriumanditsflagellaismostnearlyanalogoustowhichofthefollowing?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thecharacteristicsofbacteria

B.Howbacteriareproduce

C.Thevariousfunctionsofbacteria

D.Howbacteriacontributetodisease

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Inches

B.Centimeters

C.Microns

D.millimeters

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Apinhead

B.Aroundedbacterium

C.Amicroscope

D.Arod-shapedbacterium

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.tinydots

B.small’’hairs”

C.largerods

D.detailedstructures

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Ariderjumpingonahorse'sback

B.Aballbeinghitbyabat

C.Aboatpoweredbyamotor

D.Adoorclosedbyagustofwind.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章主要介紹了細(xì)菌“小”的這個(gè)特點(diǎn)（Bacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings）。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.文章第一段第二句Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesorcentimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons提到細(xì)菌是用microns“微米”來測量的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.文章第一段提到一個(gè)針頭大約1000微米，桿狀細(xì)菌（rod-shapedbacterium）大概是2-4微米，球狀細(xì)菌（roundedbacterium）直徑是一微米。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.文章第二段第一句Evenwithanordinalmicroscopy,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots提到一顆細(xì)菌在顯微鏡下幾乎都是極細(xì)的現(xiàn)狀或者微小的點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.文章最后一段作者對(duì)鞭毛和細(xì)菌的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了描述：一顆顆細(xì)菌附著在鞭毛上，只有鞭毛旋轉(zhuǎn)了，細(xì)菌才能跟著在水中運(yùn)動(dòng)。這樣的關(guān)系跟馬與騎手的關(guān)系很像。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Excellentfilmsarethosewhich（）_nationalandculturalbarriers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transcend

B.traverse

C.abolish

D.suppress

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。transcend“勝過，超越”；traverse“穿過，來回移動(dòng)，反駁”；abolish“廢除，廢止”；suppress“抑制，鎮(zhèn)壓”。句意：優(yōu)秀的電影是那些超越國家和文化障礙的電影。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Bothpartiespromisedto（

）thecontracttobesignedthefollowingday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.keepwith

B.tanglewith

C.adhereto

D.devoteto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。keepwith意為“陪伴”；tanglewith意為“與……吵架，與……爭論”；adhereto意為“遵循，依附，堅(jiān)持”；devoteto意為“專用于做……，專心于做……”。

句意：雙方都承諾遵守次日將要簽署的合約。

12.單選題

Chinatodayishometo1.3billionpeople——nearlyonequarteroftheworld’spopulation.ThegrowthofChina'spopulationislargelytheresultofmodernization,whichhasbroughtwithitmorefood,bettermedicalcare,lessdisease,andfewerepidemicsandfamines.ThedeathrateinChinahasdecreased,andmorechildrensurvive.ThehighersurvivalrateinChinameansthatmorepeopleareenteringchildbearingage.ThispopulationgrowthwasthreateningtodestroyChina’schancestobecomearichercountry:justprovidingfoodandbasicnecessitiesforeveryonewouldconsumeallofitseconomicgains.

Totametheexplosivepopulationgrowth,theChinesegovernmentlaunchedadrasticpolicyofallowingonechildperfamily.Toenforcethispolicy,thegovernmenthasavarietyofincentivesforthosewhocomplyandpunishmentforthosewhodonot.Forexample,coupleswhohaveonlyonechildgetamonthlypayuntilthechildisfourteen,specialconsiderationforscarcehousing,freemedicalcare,andextrapensionbenefits.Thepressuretoconformispowerful.Coupleswhoignorethestate’sdirectivesuffersocialdisgraceandeconomicpenalties.

Thefamily-planningpolicy,institutedinChinain1979,hasbeenremarkablyeffective(thoughconsiderablymoresoincitiesthaninthecountryside).Birthstowomanofchildbearingagehavefallendramaticallytoabout2.5childrenforeverywoman.

Chinamayeventuallysucceedinbalancingitspopulationgrowth,butindoingso,itiscreatinganewproblem.TheironyisthatbecauseoftheverysuccessofChina’spopulationpolicy,theChinesepopulationisagingrapidly.In1982,5%ofthepopulationwasoverage64.In2010,about9%willbeover64andin2050,25%willbe.Atthefamilylevel,childrenwithoutbrothersorsisterswilleachhavetocarefortwoagingparents.Atthenationallevel,thegreatnumbersofagingpeoplewilltaxthesociety’sresources.Chinastaresthisproblemarapidlyagingpopulationwithoutalargeenoughfollowinggenerationtosupportit——withmanyofthedevelopednationsoftheworld.

1.Accordingtothepassage,Chinaisinapopulationdilemmainthesensethat（）.

2.TopunishthosewhoviolatethefamilyplanningpolicytheChinesegovernmentdoeswhichofthe

following?

3.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingarethecausesforthepopulationexplosioninChina

except（）.

4.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.moreoldpeoplesurviveinthesociety

B.Chinesepopulationwillcontinuetoincreaserapidlyinthenearfuture

C.birth-ratedecreasesbutthepercentageofoldpeopleincreases

D.itisdifficulttocarryoutthefamilyplanningpolicy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Advisethemtoobservetherule

B.Reducetheirwages

C.Finethosecouples

D.Putthemintoprison

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.bettereducation

B.betterhealth

C.betterlife

D.decreaseddeathrate

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.explainwhythefamilyplanningpolicyisadoptedinChina

B.predictthepopulationprobleminChina

C.demonstratethecauseandeffectofthefamilyplanningpolicy

D.illustratetheresultoffamilyplanningpolicy

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“中國在人口方面面臨的一個(gè)窘境是……”。文章第四段提到由于計(jì)劃生育的成功，中國人口正在迅速老齡化（Chinamayeventuallysucceedinbalancingitspopulationgrowth,butindoingso,itiscreatinganewproblem.TheironyisthatbecauseoftheverysuccessofChina’spopulationpolicy,theChinesepopulationisagingrapidly），因此選項(xiàng)C“出生率降低，但是人口老齡化加劇”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“為了懲罰那些違反計(jì)劃生育的人，政府是怎樣做的？”文章第二段最后一句話提到忽視國家政策的夫妻會(huì)受到經(jīng)濟(jì)處罰（Coupleswhoignorethestate'sdirectivesuffersocialdisgraceandeconomicpenalties），因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“下列選項(xiàng)中都是中國人口爆炸的原因，除了哪一項(xiàng)？”文章第一段第二句話提到中國人口增長是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)代化帶來了更多的食物，更好的醫(yī)療條件，疾病減少，流行病和饑荒減少（ThegrowthofChina’spopulationislargelytheresultofmodernization,whichhasbroughtwithitmorefood,bettermedicalcare,lessdisease,andfewerepidemicsandfamines），由此可知只有選項(xiàng)A“好的教育”沒有提及，符合題意。

4.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章的主要目的是什么？”文章開篇講述了中國人口增長的原因，及其弊端，從而引出“計(jì)劃生育”，詳細(xì)說明了這一政策的實(shí)施方式以及取得的效果。后半部分講述了該政策帶來的問題。因此選項(xiàng)C“說明計(jì)劃生育的原因及其影響”符合題意。

13.單選題

Itispossiblethatnature,likesomemastermusician,（）onoccasion,departingfromtheexpectedorpredictable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.repeats

B.improvises

C.ornaments

D.harmonizes

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)repeat“重復(fù)”；B選項(xiàng)improvise“即興創(chuàng)作”；C選項(xiàng)ornament“裝飾，修飾”；D選項(xiàng)harmonize“協(xié)調(diào)，使和諧”。句意：有可能，大自然就像一些音樂大師，有時(shí)會(huì)即興發(fā)揮，偏離預(yù)期或預(yù)測。結(jié)合上下文可知，選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

14.單選題

AseniorUnitedNationsChildren’s（UNICEF）officialonMay29praisedChinaforitsremarkableachievementsinchildren'swelfare.

A.H.M.Farook,UNICEF’soperationsareaofficerforChinaandMongoliasaidthatChina“canbeverysatisfiedtotellthewholeworldwhatcanbedonewithlimitedresourcestohelpitschildrentogrowhealthilyandhappily.”

China’schildpopulationmakesupone-fifthoftheworld'stotal.“ThereasonbehindthetremendousachievementisChina’slongtraditionofcaringforchildrenbothathomeandinsociety,hesaid.”

“What’smoreisthatChinesepeoplehavealwaysgivenspecialattentiontochildrenwhoareinspecialneed.”TheUNofficialmadetheremarkswhenaddressingagroupof50childrenandstafffromtheBeijingChildren’sWelfareHomeattheShangri-laHotel.Beijing.

Thehotelinvitestheorphanstosharesnacks,sing,danceandplaygamesataparkinsidethehotelfora“SharetheSunshine”party,asapreludetocelebrationstomarktheChildren’sDay.

TheBeijingchildren’sWelfareHome,setupsoonafterNewChinawasfoundedin1949,hasatpresentmorethan400children.

Aleadingofficialofthewelfareinstitutionsaidthatthechildrenliveahappylifeandthattheagencyspends400-500yuanamonthforanaverageorphan.AnaverageChineseworkersearned440yuanamonthduringthefirstquarterthisyear.GoXiaojin,deputysecretary-generaloftheChinaYouthDevelopmentFoundation（CYDF）saidpeoplefromallwalksoflifehavecontributedtothewelfareoftheChinesechildren.ShesaidthatCYDFsetuptheProjectHopein1989,whichcallsonpeopleacrossthecountrytodonatemoneytohelppoorchildrentocontinuetheirschooling.

Bytheendoflastyear,shesaid,CYDFhadcollectednearly700millionyuanindonations,whichhashelpedtheestablishmentof2,074hopeprimaryschoolsandenabledmorethan1.25milliondropoutstoreturntoschoolclassrooms.Three“HopeStars”alsoattendedtheparty.Theyweremode1teenagerschosenamongstudentswhoareeconomicallysupportedbytheProjectHopetofurthertheirnine-yearcompulsorystudiesinthepoverty-strickenregions.TheywillbetorchbearersfortheChineseTeamfortheupcomingAtlantaOlympicGamesthisyear.

1.Childrencangrowhealthilyandhappilyaslongas（）.

2.EveryyeartheBejingChildren’sWelfareHomespends（）ontheorphans.

3.CYDFcollected700millionyuanwiththepurposeof（）.

4.Wecaninferfromthetextthat（）.

5.Itispossiblethatthispassagewaswrittenin（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.parentstakegoodcareofthembothathomeandinsociety

B.thewholesocietycareforchildrenaswellastheirparents

C.Schoolsandteacherspaymuchattentiontothegrowthofchildren

D.Chinesepeoplealwaysgivespecialattentiontochildrenwhoareinspecialneed

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.1,920,000yuan2,160.000yuan

B.2,160.000yuan

C.over2,400.000yuan

D.2.200.000yuanorso

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.reducingdropouts

B.helpinghomelessorphans

C.supportingtheChineseTeamforthecomingAtlantaOlympicGames

D.establishing2,074Hopeprimaryschoolsalloverthecountry

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.everyChinesechildhasitsownspecialneed,soweshouldpayspecialattentiontoeach

B.allthechildreninthepoverty-strickenregionsofChinaaretoopoortogotoschool

C.eversinceliberation,theChineseCommunistPartyhasbeenconcernedaboutthegrowthoftheyoungergeneration

D.withthehelpofUNICEFofficials,therearenomoredropoutsinChina

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.1992

B.1996

C.1998

D.2000

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到第一段“ThereasonbehindthetremendousachievementisChina’slongtraditionofcaringforchildrenbothathomeandinsociety,hesaid.他說，這一巨大成就背后的原因是在中國，家庭和社會(huì)都照顧兒童的悠久傳統(tǒng)?？芍袊『⒖梢越】悼鞓烦砷L的原因是社會(huì)和家庭對(duì)兒童的共同關(guān)心。故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)只強(qiáng)調(diào)了父母的作用；C項(xiàng)只強(qiáng)調(diào)了學(xué)校和老師的作用；D項(xiàng)“中國人總是關(guān)注那些有特殊需要的孩子”這句話只提到了有特殊需要的孩子(比如孤兒)，而題干問的是在什么樣的條件下，孩子們才能健康快樂成長，顯然題干是指所有的中國孩子。故D項(xiàng)不選。答案B。

2.推理計(jì)算題。由第六段TheBeijingchildren’sWelfareHome,setupsoonafterNewChinawasfoundedin1949,hasatpresentmorethan400children.以及第七段Aleadingofficialofthewelfareinstitutionsaidthatthechildrenliveahappylifeandthattheagencyspends400-500yuanamonthforanaverageorphan.可知用于400多名孤兒的福利院的開支為400x12x400=1920,000到400x12x500=2400,000之間，因?yàn)槲闹胁⑽唇o出孤兒的確切數(shù)量和每個(gè)孤兒每月的確切開支，故福利院每年用于孤兒身上的開支是不確定的，只能是一個(gè)大概范圍內(nèi)的數(shù)字，范圍為1920000-2400000之間。故D項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段Bytheendoflastyear,shesaid,CYDFhadcollectednearly700millionyuanindonations,whichhashelpedtheestablishmentof2,074hopeprimaryschoolsandenabledmorethan1.25milliondropoutstoreturntoschoolclassrooms.她說，截至去年年底，中國青少年發(fā)展基金會(huì)已籌集7億元捐款，幫助建立了2074所希望小學(xué)，使125多萬失學(xué)兒童重返校園。可知D項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第六段“TheBeijingchildren’sWelfareHome,setupsoonafterNewChinawasfoundedin1949,hasatpresentmorethan400children.北京兒童福利院成立于新中國成立（1949）后不久，目前有400多名兒童?？芍孕轮袊闪⒁詠恚本└＠航邮樟?00多名兒童，中國政府一直關(guān)心兒童的成長。故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“給每個(gè)孩子特特殊關(guān)注”是對(duì)原文“What’smoreisthatChinesepeoplehavealwaysgivenspecialattentiontochildrenwhoareinspecialneed.”的曲解。BD兩項(xiàng)表述有誤。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一句TheywillbetorchbearersfortheChineseTeamfortheupcomingAtlantaOlympicGamesthisyear.他們將成為今年亞特蘭大奧運(yùn)會(huì)中國隊(duì)的火炬手?？芍@篇文章寫于亞特蘭大奧運(yùn)會(huì)舉辦的那年，也就是1996年。故B項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

TheGreatPanicof2008mayhavedestroyedblindoptimism.Butifexcessiveoptimismwasthenear-fatalposein2008,blindpessimismhasemergedasthereflexivepost-bustcrouch.Andithasledtheeconomicestablishmenttomissyetanotherinflectionpoint.WhilewewerewringingourhandsaboutAmerica'sfinancialandindustrialcrisis,weignoredaparallelnarrativethatwasemerging:therepairingofbalancesheets,anembraceofreality,anascentrecovery.Thesamefolkswhochasedtherecessiondownnowarelikelytochasetherecoveryup.

Evenastheeconomystartedimproving,corporateAmericacontinuedtoprepareforArmageddonformuchof2009.Inventoriesofmanufacturedgoodsfellin10ofthefirst11monthsof2009.BetweenOctober2008andOctober2009,retailersslashedinventoriesfrom$500billionto$432billion.Translation?Pessimisticabouttheirabilitytosellstuff,companiescutwaybackontheirorders.Butwhenconsumerdemandfinallymaterializes,retailerswillbecaughtflat-footedandmissoutonsales.

Excessivepessimisminotherareashasbeenmorecostly.VirtuallyallthemarketgeniuseswhohungonastheDowwasscythedinhalfbetweenOctober2007andMarch2009failedtocallthemarketturn.Mosthedge-fundmanagershavechasedthe60percentrallysinceMarch,notledit.Economicforecasterssimilarlymissedthedramaticturnintheoveralleconomythisspring.Havingfailedtoforecastthattheeconomywouldshrinkata6percentannualratethroughthefirstquarterof2009,economistsalsofailedtoprojectitwouldstartgrowingagainatadecentpaceinJune.Andthey'restillbehindthecurve.Myboldpredictionfor2010isthattheconsensusoftheforecasterssurveyedbythePhiladelphiaFederalReserve,whichprojectstheeconomywillgrowonly2.4percentin2010,istoopessimistic,perhapsbyhalf.

Thenthere'salargepopulationofnon-ideologueswhomaynotfullyembracethenarrativeofeconomicrecoverybecausetheydon'tfeelityetintheirpaychecks,portfolios,orhomevalues.Trytellingalaid-offautoworkerinMichiganoralaid-offmagazineeditorinBrooklynthatthingsarebetter.Buttheymaysoonbeinforpleasantsurprises,too.Foralltheadvancesofinformationtechnology,bigeconomicturnsalwaystakeusunawares.In2007allindicatorsflashedgreen—untilthebottomsuddenlyfellout.Inthisenvironment,thingscanlookawful,untilaneworderunexpectedlycomesinorafewdealsbreakinyourfirm'sfavor.Allofasudden,thingsseemmuchbetter.

We'reinaMissourieconomynow,oneinwhichrecoveryhastobeshown,nottold.Economicconditionsmaybeimproving,butitstillmaytakemorethanafewquartersofgrowthbeforepeoplefullycommittorecovery,bothfinanciallyandpsychologically.Ifcreditmeansbelief,sincethecreditcrisisbegantwoyearsago,beliefhasbeeninshortsupply.Maybeit'stimeforalittleblindfaith.

1.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Thelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat（）.

3.Theword"non-ideologues"inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto（）.

4.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheattitudeoftheauthortowardseconomicrecovery?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.EconomicPessimismvs.EconomicOptimism.

B.AmericanEconomyaftertheRecession.

C.EconomicForecastfor2010.

D.TheDangersofEconomicPessimism.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theretailersareunpreparedwhenthecustomerswanttopurchase

B.theretailersarefoundtohaveflatfeetsotheymissoutonsales

C.theunexpectedeconomicrecessionmakestheretailerslosetheirheads

D.theflat-footedretailers'salesareextinguishedbyothers'

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.peoplewhoarenotadvocatesofacertainideology

B.peoplewhoarepragmatists

C.peoplewhoareidealists

D.peoplewhobelieveinnothing

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wecannotbetoooptimisticabouteconomicrecovery

B.economyhasalreadyrecoveredsopeopleshouldbeoptimistic

C.it'llstilltaketimeforpeopletobelievethateconomyisrecovering

D.peopledonotbelieveincreditanymore

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Pessimistic.

B.Disinterested.

C.Suspicious.

D.Optimistic.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Butifexcessiveoptimismwasthenear-fatalposein2008,blindpessimismhasemergedasthereflexivepost-bustcro