考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門華廈學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門華廈學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

12.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TogotoSusanforadvice.

B.TotrytothinklikeSusan.

C.TobreakupwithSusan.

D.TohaveadatewithSusan.

【答案】A

【解析】M:MenarefromMars,andwomenarefromVenus.It’sreallyhardformetounderstandEmily.

W:SusanisthebestfriendofEmily,whydon’tyoupickherbrain?

Q:Whatdoesthewomanadvicethemantodo?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士提議：SusanisthebestfriendofEmily,whydon’tyoupickherbrain?即建議去找Susan了解一下。

2.單選題

Strangelyenough,anoldman（）meandintroducedhimself,whoturnedouttobeafriendofmyfather’s.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stoodupto

B.walkedupto

C.livedupto

D.addedupto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)standupto“經(jīng)得起，抵抗”，B項(xiàng)walkupto“走近，走向”，C項(xiàng)liveupto“不辜負(fù)，做到”，D項(xiàng)addupto“合計(jì)達(dá)，總共達(dá)”；根據(jù)空格前后關(guān)鍵詞anoldman（老人）和introducehimself（介紹他自己）可推斷，空格部分表示“向我走進(jìn)”。句意：奇怪的是，一個(gè)老人走到我面前并做了自我介紹，原來(lái)是我父親的朋友。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thecriminalalwayspaid（）cashsothepolicecouldnottrackhimdown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.at

C.for

D.in

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。此題考查固定詞組。payincash是一固定詞組，意為“付現(xiàn)金”。句意：那名罪犯總是用現(xiàn)金付款，因此警方無(wú)法追捕到他。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)和句意可知，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Medicineachieveditssplendideminencebyapplyingtheprincipleoffragmentationtothehumancondition.Ourbodilyillshavebeensplituprelegatedtodifferentexperts:anitchtothedermatologist,atwitchtotheneurologistandifallelsefails,avisittothepsychiatrist.Forthislast,intangiblefunction&thefamilydoctorhasbeentakenoverbythespecialistconfessional.

InIsrael,youqueueatonedeskforacutfinger,atanotherforasprain,andathirdforshock-evenifallthreesymptomsresultedfromoneaccident.InBritain,boththegrowingimportanceofhospitalfacilitiesandthereluctanceofGE.stounittheirresourceshasgonefartowardsmakingthesurgeryababyorcalminganeurotic.

ConsultantsandG.Psbeginthesameway,asmedicalstudentsobligedtocultivatedetachment.Butwhereasfamilydoctorgetsinvolvedintheintimatedetailsofhis“parish”，theconsultantneedonlymeetaspectsofthepatientrelevanttohisspecialty.Themoreheendeavorstospecialize,themoreextraneousphenomenamustbeshutout.Beyondthetokenbedsideexchangesheneednotgo.

Consequently,inasurgicalward,therearenopeopleatall:onlyanappendectomy,atumor,twohernias,anda“terminalcase”(hospitalsavoidtheword“dying”).Tomakeimpersonalityeasier,bedsarenumberedandpatientsareknownbynumbers.Remotenessprovidesthehospitalwithapracticalworkingcode.

Nursestoohaveevolvedtheirowndefensesystem.Sincetheycareforindividuals,theycouldwithdangerouseasebecometooinvolved.Thenursingprofessionhasthereforeperfecteditsowntechniqueoffragmentation,taskassignment”.Thisenablesonepatient’sneedstobesplitupamongmanynurses.Onejuniorwillgodownarowofbedsinsertingathermometerintoarowofmouths.Whethertheownersareasleepordrinkingteaisirrelevant;thejobcomesfirst,inherfinalyear,astudentwillundertakethepre-medicationofpatientsontheatre-list.Shehasbythattimelearnttoseethemasobjectsforinjection,notfrightenedpeople.

Nursingleadersrealizethedrawbacksinthissystem.There-hasbeentalkofgroup-assignmenttolinknurseswithparticularpatientsandgivesomecontinuity.Buttheactualnumberofexperimentscanbecountedononehand.Nurses,astheyoftenplead,touchingly,“areonlyhuman”.Theyshunresponsibilityforlifeanddeath,ifresponsibilityissplitintoakaleidoscopeofurines,itweighslessonanyoneperson.

1.Inthispassage,thewriterisultimatelysuggestingthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassagenursesare（

）.

3.Inthispassage,thewriterisultimatelysuggestingthat（

）.

4.Accordingtothewriterstheattemptsbynursingleaderstoimprovethesystem

5.Theword“shun”inthelastparagraphmeans（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.healthcarehasbecomemoreefficient

B.healthcarehasbecomelesscaring

C.hospitalshavetoomanyspecialists

D.thereshouldbemoreopportunitiesforamateursinhospitals

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.overpaidanduncaring

B.overworkedandunfairlycriticized

C.overwhelmedandundervalued

D.uncaringbutefficient

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.healthcarehasbecomemoreefficient

B.healthcarehasbecomelesscaring

C.hospitalshavetoomanyspecialists

D.thereshouldbemoreopportunitiesforamateursinhospitals

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.astepinthefightdirection

B.impressive

C.few

D.flawed

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.dodge

B.claim

C.appreciate

D.undertake

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理。作者通篇都在說(shuō)當(dāng)今醫(yī)護(hù)人員不把病人當(dāng)活生生的人，而只是看成需要處理改善的對(duì)象。故選B。

2.歸納推理。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知,護(hù)士們雖然冷漠但是高效。

3.判斷推理。本篇都在說(shuō)當(dāng)今醫(yī)護(hù)人員只把病人看成一個(gè)個(gè)的需要處理改善的對(duì)象而不是有感情的人。因此推測(cè)本題選B項(xiàng)(醫(yī)護(hù)變得冷漠了)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。文中倒數(shù)最后一段第二行"Buttheactualnumberof...canbecountedononehand."可以得出答案。

5.詞義題。單詞“shun”所在句句意:他們逃避對(duì)生命和死亡的責(zé)任。shun意為“避免，躲開(kāi)’，因此選A項(xiàng)dodge(閃開(kāi)躲開(kāi))。

5.單選題

Accordingtoagrowingnumberofexperts,itisalreadytechnically（）toconstructapioneeringspacecolony,poweredbysolarenergy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.practical

B.flexible

C.feasible

D.beneficial

【答案】C

【解析】practical現(xiàn)實(shí)的,實(shí)際的；flexible靈活的；feasible可行的；beneficial有好處的。句意：據(jù)越來(lái)越多的專家表示,建立首個(gè)使用太陽(yáng)能的太空殖民地在技術(shù)方面是可行的。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

6.單選題

Doyouthinkit'sfairtokeepabird（

）inacageallthetime?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.restricted

B.limited

C.confined

D.enclosed

【答案】C

【解析】restrictin限制，約束（指不能自由行動(dòng)）；限定；limitedin受制于；confine限制，禁閉（指被限制在某局部地區(qū)不能自由行動(dòng)）；enclose圍繞，裝入。句意：你認(rèn)為把一只鳥(niǎo)一直關(guān)在籠子里公平嗎？選項(xiàng)C更符合語(yǔ)境。

7.單選題

Heresented（

）towait.Heexpectedtheminister（

）

himatonce.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobeasked,tosee

B.beingasked,tosee

C.tobeasked,seeing

D.beingasked,seeing

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他憎恨等待。他希望總理馬上見(jiàn)他。resented后面一般直接接名詞或者動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式；expect后面一般接不定式，所以答案選B。

8.單選題

Thecapitalintendedtobroadentheexportbaseand（

）efficiencygainsfrominternationaltradewaschanneledinsteadintouneconomicimportsubstitution.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.secure

B.extend

C.defend

D.possess

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)secure“保護(hù)（使免受危險(xiǎn)或失?。?，提供保證；獲得，取得”；B選項(xiàng)extend“延伸，擴(kuò)大”；C選項(xiàng)defend“防護(hù)，辯護(hù)，防衛(wèi)”；D選項(xiàng)possess“占有，擁有；纏住，迷住”。句意：本打算用來(lái)擴(kuò)大出口基地從而有效地從國(guó)際貿(mào)易中獲得效益的資金卻用到了沒(méi)有經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的進(jìn)口貿(mào)易中去了。根據(jù)句意可知，且選項(xiàng)中能與gains搭配的只有secure，故A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Themostdangerousenemyisonewhosmilesatyoubut（）hatredintheheart.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cherishes

B.flourishes

C.nourishes

D.furnishes

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)cherishes“珍愛(ài)；懷有……感情”；B選項(xiàng)flourishes“繁榮；夸耀”；C選項(xiàng)nourishes“滋潤(rùn)；撫養(yǎng)”；D選項(xiàng)furnishes“提供；供應(yīng)”。hatred“憎恨；敵意”，句意：最危險(xiǎn)的敵人，就是對(duì)著你微笑，心里卻……仇恨。最危險(xiǎn)的敵人，是對(duì)你笑臉相迎卻懷恨在心的人。故選A。

10.單選題

ThedoorclosedbehindTweedashescannedthehandsomely（）doubleroomwhichoverlookedAlbemarleStreet.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.furnished

B.finished

C.supplies

D.provided

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)furnished“有家具的”，B選項(xiàng)finished“完成的；結(jié)束的”，C選項(xiàng)supplied“有……提供的”，D選項(xiàng)provided“假如；倘若”，然后帶入原文的句意得出句子應(yīng)該是想形容這個(gè)房間“裝飾的很好”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意為：門在特威德身后關(guān)上了，他掃視著俯瞰阿爾伯馬爾街的那間陳設(shè)華麗的雙人房。

11.寫作題

Directions:Writeanessayof180to200wordsonthetopic:“PrivateCarsShouldNotBeEncouragedinChina?”Youressayshouldincludeabeginning,abodyandaconclusion.Pleasepayspecialattentiontoitsstructure,contentandlanguage.Writetheessayontheanswersheet.

【答案】略

12.單選題

ForonebriefmomentinApril,LarryEllisoncamewithinafewdollarsofbeingtherichestmanintheworld.ThecomputertycoonwasholdingaglobalconferencecallonaWednesdaymorning,whenthevalueofhiscompanysurged.

ItwasthemomenthealmostovertookBillGates,founderofMicrosoft,asthewealthiestontheplanet.Forafewseconds,asshareoftradersmarkedMicrosoftdownandOracleup,EllisoncamewithinUS$200,000ofGates.Theself-proclaimed“badboy”ofSiliconValleyfoundhimselfworthmorethanUS$52billion,upfromamereUS$10billionthistimelastyear.ThenMicrosoft’sshareprice,whichhadplungedinrecentweeks,recoveredandthemomentpassed.

Once,Ellison,founderofthesoftwarecompanyOracle,wouldhavedancedaroundhisdeskcursinglikeapirateatfailingtobringdownGates,arivalhehadconstantlymadefunofinpublic.ButSiliconValleyinsiderssaidheremainedcalm,andmuttered:“Oneday,onedayvery,verysoon.”Heknewhismomentwasclose.UnlikeGates,heisnotbigoncharity,preferringtospendhismoneyinhisway.Hehashisownprivateairforce,amilitary-stylecrewbasedatSanJoseairportnearRedwoodCity,tohelphimflyhisGulfstreamVjet(withtwomarbledbathrooms),aMarchettifighterplaneimportedfromItaly,andahandfulofotheraircraft,includingatrainerforhisson.HealsoplanstoimportaRussianMig-29fighter(capableof1,500mph).Whydoeshewantone?Sothat,hejoked,hecanblastGateshomenearSeattle.Carsarecheapandcheerfulbycomparison.Hehasarelatively-modestPorscheBoxster,twospeciallyalteredMercedesandaUS$900,000silverMcLaren.InSanFranciscoheownsamagnificenthouseinPacificHeights,oneofWesternAmerica’smostexpensivestretchesofrealestate.Thehouseisatechnicalmarvel:Whenheinsertshiskey,theopaqueglassdoorturnstransparent,revealingaJapanesegardeninthemiddleofthehouse.Forreasonsheknowsbest,EllisonisobsessedwithJapaneseculture.

WhileGatescomesfromastrongfamily,Ellisonstilldoesnotknowwhohisfatherwas.HewasborntoanunmarriedmotherandadoptedbyhisRussianuncleandaunt.Abrilliantbutunpredictableself-promoter,hedroppedoutofcollege,drovetoCaliforniainabatteredThunderbirdcarandendedupworkingwithcomputertechniciansatabank.“Healwayshadachampagnelifestyleonbeermoney,”hisfirstwifesaid.

HesetupOraclein1977asasuper-salesmanwith3programmers,creatingsoftwareforbusinesses.Italmostcollapsedwhenitpromisedmorethanitcoulddeliver,butsincethenitsfortuneshavesoared.Nowitemploys43,000peopleandhasdesigneddata-processingsystemsusedbyBritain’sMl5spyserviceaswellasbigwesterncompanies.Oracle’ssoftwareismoreInternet-friendlythanGatesWindowonefactorbehindthecompany’srecentsharepricerise.

Sincehiscompanygotbig,Ellisonhaspromisedshareholdersthathewillspendmoretimeintheoffice.Butcanheescapebeingthethrill-seekerheisatheart?Assummerapproaches,hemayfindithardtoresistthelureofhisyachts,Sakura,oneofthelongestintheworld,andSayonara(Japanesefor“seeyoulater”),whichheracesfuriously.Itisdangeroussport,evenforguests.MediatycoonRupertMurdochoncenearlylostafingerwhenhegrabbedaropeduringaraceonboardthesayonara.Ellisonjokedatleasthecouldstillwrotechecks.

Regardlessofdistractions,EllisonwillnotgiveupinhisbattleagainstGates.Hehatestolose.Ellisondeclaresthatanysuchdominancebyoneman,likeMicrosoftincomputerindustry,isunhealthy.Hehasobviouslyforgottenhisownplanforaglobalempire,whichhewantedtocalltheUniversalTitanicOctopusCorporation.

1.Inthestockmarket,（）.

2.UnlikeBillGates,Ellison（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTEllison’sbelongings?

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutEllison?

5.Oracle’sadvantageisthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.EllisonisasrichasBillGates

B.EllisonhasUS$200,000lessthanBillGates

C.Ellisonisricherthanbill

D.OraclehasmoremoneythanMicrosoft

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.comesfromastrongfamily

B.hasapoorfather

C.doesnotspendmuchoncharity

D.wasborninCalifornia

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.AGulfstreamVjet.

B.AMarchettifighter.

C.APorscheBoxster.

D.ARussianMig-29fighter.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ellisonlacksthecharacteristicsofcalmness.

B.EllisondislikeJapaneseculture.

C.Ellisoniskeenonyachting.

D.Ellison’sbusinesshasgonesmoothlysincethebeginning.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.itssharepriceisprettyhigh

B.ithasmoreemployeesthanMicrosoft

C.itsthebiggestwesterncompany

D.itssoftwareismoreinternet-friendlythanMicrosoft

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段Forafewseconds,asshareoftradersmarkedMicrosoftdownandOracleup,EllisoncamewithinUS$200,000ofGates.（有那么幾秒鐘，當(dāng)交易員們認(rèn)為微軟股價(jià)下跌、甲骨文股價(jià)上漲時(shí)，埃里森的股價(jià)只比蓋茨便宜20萬(wàn)美元。）因此B選項(xiàng)“埃里森比比爾?蓋茨身價(jià)少20萬(wàn)美元”正確。A選項(xiàng)“埃里森和比爾?蓋茨一樣富有”不正確，文章討論的是他們的身價(jià)，而不是誰(shuí)更有錢。C選項(xiàng)“埃里森比比爾?蓋茨更富有”，不正確，文章沒(méi)有給出這個(gè)信息；D選項(xiàng)“甲骨文比微軟有更多的錢”，根據(jù)埃里森的身價(jià)沒(méi)有比爾蓋茨高可以推斷甲骨文（埃里森的公司）應(yīng)該是沒(méi)有微軟更有錢的。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段UnlikeGates,heisnotbigoncharity,preferringtospendhismoneyinhisway.（與蓋茨不同的是，他不熱衷于慈善事業(yè)，更喜歡按自己的方式花錢。）因此C選項(xiàng)“在慈善事業(yè)上花的錢不多”正確。A選項(xiàng)“來(lái)自一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的家庭”在后文WhileGatescomesfromastrongfamily,Ellisonstilldoesnotknowwhohisfatherwas.（雖然蓋茨來(lái)自一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的家庭，但埃里森仍然不知道他的父親是誰(shuí)。）A選項(xiàng)不正確；B選項(xiàng)“有一個(gè)貧窮的父親”，他甚至都不知道自己的父親是誰(shuí)，不正確；D選項(xiàng)“出生在加利福尼亞”，后文說(shuō)他自己駕車去了加利福尼亞，所以可以判斷他不是在這里出生的，錯(cuò)誤。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段Hehashisownprivateairforce,amilitary-stylecrewbasedatSanJoseairportnearRedwoodCity,tohelphimflyhisGulfstreamVjet(withtwomarbledbathrooms).（他有自己的私人空軍，一個(gè)駐扎在雷德伍德城附近的圣何塞機(jī)場(chǎng)的軍事風(fēng)格的機(jī)組人員，幫助他駕駛灣流V型噴氣式飛機(jī)。）因此A選項(xiàng)是他的所有物；同樣在第三段aMarchettifighterplaneimportedfromItaly,andahandfulofotheraircraft,includingatrainerforhisson.（一架從意大利進(jìn)口的馬爾切蒂戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)，以及其他幾架飛機(jī)，包括給他兒子的一名教練員。）因此B選項(xiàng)也是他的所有物；在第三段Hehasarelatively-modestPorscheBoxster,twospeciallyalteredMercedesandaUS$900,000silverMcLaren.（他有一輛相對(duì)普通的保時(shí)捷Boxster，兩輛經(jīng)過(guò)特別改裝的奔馳和一輛價(jià)值90萬(wàn)美元的銀色邁凱輪。）因此C選項(xiàng)也是他的所有物；只有D選項(xiàng)是原文沒(méi)有提到的，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第六段Assummerapproaches,hemayfindithardtoresistthelureofhisyachts,Sakura,oneofthelongestintheworld,andSayonara(Japanesefor“seeyoulater”),whichheracesfuriously.（隨著夏天的臨近，他可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很難抗拒他的游艇——世界上最長(zhǎng)的游艇之一“Sakura”和他瘋狂的“Sayonara”(日語(yǔ)“再見(jiàn)”)的誘惑。）可以推斷出Ellison本人是熱衷于游艇運(yùn)動(dòng)的，因此C選項(xiàng)“埃里森熱衷于游艇運(yùn)動(dòng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“埃里森缺乏冷靜的特質(zhì)”，文章并沒(méi)有給出明確表示；B選項(xiàng)“埃里森不喜歡日本文化”，在第三段的最后一句話Forreasonsheknowsbest,EllisonisobsessedwithJapaneseculture.（出于對(duì)日本文化最了解的原因，埃里森癡迷于日本文化。），因此B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“埃里森的業(yè)務(wù)從一開(kāi)始就進(jìn)展順利”，一開(kāi)始的時(shí)候他的公司幾近崩潰，是后來(lái)挺過(guò)來(lái)了才蒸蒸日上，因此D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第五段的最后一句話Oracle’ssoftwareismoreInternet-friendlythanGatesWindowonefactorbehindthecompany’srecentsharepricerise.（甲骨文的軟件在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上比蓋茨的Windows系統(tǒng)更友好，這是該公司最近股價(jià)上漲的一個(gè)原因。）由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“它的軟件比微軟在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上更友好”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它的股價(jià)相當(dāng)高”原文沒(méi)有提到；B選項(xiàng)“他比微軟有更多的員工”，文章沒(méi)有說(shuō)這個(gè)是優(yōu)勢(shì)；C選項(xiàng)“它是最大的西方公司”，這個(gè)是文章沒(méi)有說(shuō)到的。

13.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPoppaintingduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatisse—presupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity—inshort,anart.

47.Whatistheauthormainlyconcernedwith?Theauthorisconcernedwith______.

48.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes“theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism”astheauthorrepresentsitinparagraph2?

49.WhydoestheauthorintroduceAbstractExpressionistpainter?

50.Howdidthenineteenth-centurydefendersofphotographystressthephotography?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineart

C.explainingtheattitudeofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Objective

B.Mechanical

C.Superficial

D.Paradoxical

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Hewantstoprovideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodernart.

B.HewantstosetforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters.

C.HewantstoprovideacontrasttoPopartistandothers.

D.Hewantstoprovideanexplanationofwhyseriousphotography,likeothercontemporaryvisualforms,isnotandshouldnotpretendtobeanart.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theystressedphotographywasameansofmakingpeoplehappy.

B.Itwasartforrecordingtheworld.

C.Itwasadeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially.

D.Itwasanartcomparabletopainting.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】47.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“作者主要關(guān)注的是……”。文章一開(kāi)始講述了19世紀(jì)攝影家為確立攝影是藝術(shù)而提出的種種依據(jù)，并把繪畫和攝影作比較，來(lái)反駁否定攝影的論點(diǎn)，第二段和第三段闡述了即使攝影被確立為一門藝術(shù)，當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師仍然聲稱自己絕不是創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品，接著作者用抽象表現(xiàn)主義繪畫和古典現(xiàn)代主義繪畫進(jìn)行舉例，證明攝影更多的是關(guān)注自身的主題而非藝術(shù)，最后總結(jié)攝影宣傳會(huì)使公眾忘記攝影是一種藝術(shù)。綜上所知，文章中的作者主要關(guān)注的是當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對(duì)藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，所以C項(xiàng)“解釋當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對(duì)攝影藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，并將這些態(tài)度放在他們的歷史背景中”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“定義現(xiàn)代主義對(duì)藝術(shù)的態(tài)度”、B項(xiàng)“解釋攝影是如何成為一門藝術(shù)的”和D項(xiàng)“定義當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對(duì)他們的藝術(shù)采取的各種方法，并評(píng)估這些方法的價(jià)值”都只是部分提及。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

48.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】作者態(tài)度題。題干意思是“下面哪個(gè)形容詞最好地描述了作者在第2段中描述的‘現(xiàn)代主義的勝利所強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)概念’？”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段最后一句話ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.（這說(shuō)明他們就是把現(xiàn)代主義勝利所強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)概念視為合理的，其合理程度是：藝術(shù)越強(qiáng)，對(duì)藝術(shù)的傳統(tǒng)目的破壞得越大。），結(jié)合第二段倒數(shù)第三句有提到Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.（嚴(yán)肅的攝影師都聲稱自己在尋找、記錄、公正地觀察、見(jiàn)證事件、探索自我，但絕不是創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品。）可知，嚴(yán)肅的攝影師雖然聲稱自己不是在創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品，但是他們卻把現(xiàn)代主義勝利強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)概念視為合理的，可推理這是一種矛盾的現(xiàn)象，所以D項(xiàng)“矛盾的”正確。A項(xiàng)“客觀的”、B項(xiàng)“機(jī)械的，呆板的”和C項(xiàng)“膚淺的”都不正確。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

49.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者為什么要介紹抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家？”。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息定位到第三段第二句Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.（例如，這些認(rèn)為通過(guò)拍照可以擺脫繪畫所表現(xiàn)的藝術(shù)的矯飾的攝影家，使我們想起了那些抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家，他們想象著通過(guò)專注于繪畫的物理行為來(lái)擺脫古典現(xiàn)代主義繪畫的嚴(yán)肅思想），結(jié)合第二段提到的Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.（嚴(yán)肅的攝影師都聲稱自己在尋找、記錄、公正地觀察、見(jiàn)證事件、探索自我，但絕不是創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品。）推斷，作者在第三段介紹抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家的例子，是要舉例說(shuō)明這些畫家也如同當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家一樣，擺脫了傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)目的，故A項(xiàng)“他要列舉這樣藝術(shù)家的例子，他們像當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家一樣拋棄了傳統(tǒng)上被接受的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)目的”正確。B項(xiàng)“他想在抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家和古典現(xiàn)代主義畫家之間找出相似點(diǎn)”不符合原文。C項(xiàng)“他要在流行藝術(shù)家和其它藝術(shù)家之間作一個(gè)對(duì)比”，文中在此處介紹抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家是想和當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家進(jìn)行類比，而不是流行藝術(shù)家和其他藝術(shù)家的對(duì)比，所以C項(xiàng)不選。D項(xiàng)“他想解釋為什么嚴(yán)肅攝影，像其它當(dāng)代視覺(jué)形式一樣不是藝術(shù)，而且也不應(yīng)當(dāng)充作藝術(shù)”，文中沒(méi)有提到其他當(dāng)代視覺(jué)藝術(shù)形式不是藝術(shù)。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

50.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“19世紀(jì)的攝影捍衛(wèi)者是如何強(qiáng)調(diào)攝影的？”。第一段最后兩句提到Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.（整個(gè)十九世紀(jì)，對(duì)攝影的捍衛(wèi)與將其確立為一門藝術(shù)的斗爭(zhēng)是一致的。有人指責(zé)攝影是一種沒(méi)有靈魂的和對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)機(jī)械性的復(fù)制，攝影工作者卻聲稱攝影不是復(fù)制品，而是一種特殊的觀察方式，是對(duì)平庸視覺(jué)的叛逆，和繪畫一樣有藝術(shù)價(jià)值。），由此可推知，19世紀(jì)的攝影捍衛(wèi)者認(rèn)為攝影和繪畫一樣具有藝術(shù)價(jià)值，它是一種藝術(shù)，所以D項(xiàng)“這是一種可與繪畫相媲美的藝術(shù)”正確。A項(xiàng)“他們強(qiáng)調(diào)攝影是一種讓人快樂(lè)的方式”沒(méi)有提到。B項(xiàng)“它是記錄世界的藝術(shù)”和C項(xiàng)“這是一種公正地觀察世界的裝置”是當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對(duì)自己工作的聲稱，并不是攝影捍衛(wèi)者強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

14.填空題

Thesituationcomedy(orsitcom)dependsonaudience________withrecurringcharactersandconditionstoexplorelifeinthehome,workplace,orsomeothercommonlocation.(familiar)

【答案】familiarity

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】名詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)dependson，可知audience________為名詞短語(yǔ)，familiarity的意思為“熟悉”，符合語(yǔ)境，指的是觀眾對(duì)情景喜劇的反應(yīng)需要看他們對(duì)情景喜劇中的角色和環(huán)境有多熟悉。

【句意】情景喜劇要看觀眾對(duì)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的角色和用來(lái)探索家庭、工作場(chǎng)所及其他常見(jiàn)場(chǎng)所的生活環(huán)境有多熟悉。

15.單選題

Thisbookisabouthowthesebasicbeliefsandvaluesaffectimportant______ofAmericanlife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fashions

B.frontiers

C.facets

D.formats

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fashions“時(shí)尚；時(shí)裝；樣式；方式；時(shí)髦人物”；B選項(xiàng)frontiers“前沿；邊界；國(guó)境”；C選項(xiàng)facets“面；方面；小平面”；D選項(xiàng)formats“格式；版式；開(kāi)本”。句意：這本書大致介紹了這些根本的信仰和價(jià)值觀對(duì)美國(guó)人生活各個(gè)重要層面的影響。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

The（

）preventsthepeopleinthetwoneighboringnationsfromlivinginpeace.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brevity

B.amenity

C.enmity

D.fidelity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。brevity“簡(jiǎn)潔”；amenity“舒適，愉悅”；enmity“敵意，憎恨”；fidelity“忠誠(chéng)”。題干中提到有一種東西會(huì)阻止兩鄰國(guó)友好相處，這種東西很明顯是enmity，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

17.單選題

ScientistsonTuesdaypushedthehandsoftheinfamous“DoomsdayClock”forwardoneminutefromlastyear,signalingtheir______pessimismabouttheeffortsofworldleaderstohandleglobalthreats.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.increase

B.increased

C.increasedly

D.increasing

【答案】D

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。空格前是their形容詞性物主代詞，后是名詞pessimism悲觀主義，所以空格處應(yīng)填形容詞，可排除A和C。increased“增強(qiáng)的”；increasing“越來(lái)越也多的，漸增的”。句意：周二，科學(xué)家們把臭名昭著的“世界末日時(shí)鐘”撥快了一分鐘，比去年提前了一分鐘，這表明他們對(duì)世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人應(yīng)對(duì)全球威脅的努力持……悲觀態(tài)度。B選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)“已經(jīng)增強(qiáng)的”，綜合句意D選項(xiàng)更符合。

18.單選題

Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandrelativesense:ThesurfaceoftheEarthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferentuses.Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.

Thecostofaproductintermsofmoneymaynotmeasureitstruecosttosociety.Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonicjetisthevalueoftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasaresult.Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety’savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.Indecidinghowtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythewantsofthecommunity,thisopportunitycostmustultimatelybetakenintoaccount.

Inamarketeconomy,thepriceofagoodandthequantitysupplieddependonthecostofmakingit,andthatcost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanismenforcesthisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thelabor,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceoftheseinputs,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduceelsewhere—iftheleathercanbeusedtoproducehandbagsthatarevaluedhighlybyconsumers,thepricesofleatherwillbebidupcorrespondingly.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheopportunitycostsofanitem?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatistherelationshipbetweenproductionandresources?

4.Whatdeterminesthepriceofagoodinamarketeconomy?

5.WhichofthefollowingexamplesBESTreflectsacosttosocietyasdefinedinthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thescarcityofmanufacturedgoods.

B.Thevalueofscarcematerials.

C.Themanufacturingofscarcegoods.

D.Thecostofproducingshoes.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theamountoftimeandmoneyspentinproducingit.

B.Theopportunitiesapersonhastobuyit.

C.Thevalueofwhatcouldhavebeenproducedinstead.

D.Thevalueoftheresourcesusedinitsproduction.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Availableresourcesstimulateproduction.

B.Resourcesaretotallyindependentofproduction.

C.Productionincreasesasresourcesincrease.

D.Productionlessenstheamountofavailableresources.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thecostofallelementsinproduction.

B.Thecostofnotmakingothergoods.

C.Theefficiencyofthemanufacturingprocess.

D.Thequantityofmaterialssupplied.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Afamilybuyingadog.

B.Eatinginarestaurantinsteadofathome.

C.Usinglandforahouseinsteadofapark.

D.Stayingathomeinsteadofgoingtoschool.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可知文章三段均圍繞短缺原料的價(jià)值進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。文章第一段說(shuō)明了什么叫原料相對(duì)短缺，第二段說(shuō)明了什么叫機(jī)會(huì)成本，第三段說(shuō)明了原料的價(jià)格是由什么決定的。A選項(xiàng)“制成品的缺乏”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，文章更多的是描寫原料的短缺，而非制成品；B選項(xiàng)“稀有材料的價(jià)值”符合題意；C選項(xiàng)“稀有商品的制造”文章沒(méi)有提到；D選項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)鞋子的成本”可定位到文章第三段“Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thelabor,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.（比如說(shuō)，一雙鞋的成本就是皮革、勞動(dòng)力、燃料和其他生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中所消耗的元素的價(jià)格。）”，由此可知D選項(xiàng)只是文章中列舉的一個(gè)例子，并不能概括全文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety’savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.（每一種生產(chǎn)行為都會(huì)消耗一些社會(huì)可用資源；它意味著放棄一個(gè)生產(chǎn)其他東西的機(jī)會(huì)。）”，由此可知機(jī)會(huì)成本是用可生產(chǎn)的其他商品來(lái)衡量的，所以C選項(xiàng)“可生產(chǎn)的其他商品的價(jià)值”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)它所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間和金錢”只能說(shuō)是生產(chǎn)成本，不是機(jī)會(huì)成本；B選項(xiàng)“人們必須購(gòu)買它的機(jī)會(huì)”；D選項(xiàng)“在生產(chǎn)中使用的資源的價(jià)值”文中都沒(méi)有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.（用于一個(gè)目的產(chǎn)品的材料不能同時(shí)用于其他產(chǎn)品；如果投入的材料數(shù)量是有限的，那么在另一個(gè)制造過(guò)程中增加投入材料的使用量必然會(huì)導(dǎo)致投入的其他用途的可用性降低。）”，由此可知社會(huì)總資源是有限的，用掉其中一些就會(huì)使總量減少并限制其他商品的生產(chǎn)，所以D選項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)減少了可用資源的數(shù)量”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“可用資源刺激生產(chǎn)”文中沒(méi)有提到；B選項(xiàng)“資源完全獨(dú)立于生產(chǎn)”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，資源不可能獨(dú)立于生產(chǎn)；C選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)量隨著資源的增加而增加”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，產(chǎn)量的增加不止取決于資源。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Inamarketeconomy,thepriceofagoodandthequantitysup