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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽現(xiàn)代信息工程職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
Bobwasnota(
)manwhonevermadeaquickdecisionaboutanything.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.bold
B.reckless
C.deliberate
D.rash
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。bold“大膽的,英勇的”;reckless“魯莽的,不顧后果的”;deliberate“故意的,深思熟慮的”;rash“輕率的,魯莽的”。句意:Bob不是那種在做決定之前多加思考的人。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
2.單選題
Hishumorousremark(
)thetensionatthemeeting.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.released
B.replaced
C.relieved
D.retained
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他幽默的言辭緩和了會(huì)議上的緊張氣氛。
考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去式。Release釋放,放出,發(fā)泄;replace代替,取代,更新;relieve緩和,解除,減輕;retain保持。由關(guān)鍵詞thetension(緊張局勢)可知C符合句意。
3.單選題
Itisdoubtfulthatshehas()theroleofthePrimeMinisterinBritishpolitics.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Transplanted
B.transferred
C.transported
D.transformed
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)transplanted“移植;轉(zhuǎn)移”,B選項(xiàng)transferred“轉(zhuǎn)讓;轉(zhuǎn)接;移交”,C選項(xiàng)transported“運(yùn)輸;流放”,D選項(xiàng)transformed“改變(尤指角色),使……變形”;題干:她是否()英國政壇首相的角色令人懷疑。根據(jù)剩下的題意可以判斷指她是否改變了英國政治中首相的角色值得懷疑。
4.單選題
Thefinaldocumentwas,ofcourse,supposedtomendthedamage(
)upontheworldbythewar.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.imposed
B.impressed
C.compelled
D.compressed
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。impose“把…強(qiáng)加于”;impress“給予…印象”;compel“強(qiáng)迫,迫使”;compress“壓縮”。句意:當(dāng)然,最終的文件應(yīng)該去修復(fù)戰(zhàn)爭強(qiáng)加給世界的損害。imposeupon“強(qiáng)加給…”為固定搭配。答案A
5.單選題
Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.Themakingandsellingofdrugshasalonghistoryandiscloselylinked,likemedicalpracticeitself,withthebeliefinmagic.Onlyduringthelasthundredyearsorsohasthedevelopmentofscientifictechniquesmadeitpossibleforsomeofthecausesofsymptomstobeunderstood,sothatmoreaccuratediagnosishasbecomepossible.Thedoctorisnowabletofollowupthecorrectdiagnosisofmanyillnesseswithspecifictreatmentoftheircauses.Inmanyotherillnesses,ofwhichthecausesremainunknown,itisstilllimited,liketheunqualifiedprescribes,tothetreatmentofsymptoms.Thedoctoristrainedtodecidewhentotreatsymptomsonlyandwhentoattackthecause:thisistheessentialdifferencebetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication.
Theadvanceoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmuchprogressinsomefieldsofmedicine,includingthedevelopmentofscientificdrugtherapy.Inmanycountriespublichealthorganizationisimprovingandpeople’snutritionalstandardshavearisen.Parallelwithsuchbeneficialtrendsaretwowhichhaveanadverseeffect.Oneistheuseofhigh-pressureadvertisingbythepharmaceuticalindustry,whichhastendedtoinfluencebothpatientsanddoctorsandhasledtotheoveruseofdrugsgenerally.Theotheristheemergenceofthesedentarysocietywithitsfaultywaysoflife:lackofexercise,over-eating,unsuitableeating,insufficientsleep,excessivesmokinganddrinking.Peoplewithdisordersarisingfromfaultyhabitssuchasthese,aswellasfromunhappyhumanrelationships,oftenresorttoself-medicationandsoaddthetakingofpharmaceuticalstothelist.Advertisersgotogreatlengthstocatchthismarket.
Cleveradvertising,aimedatchronicsuffererswhowilltryanythingbecausedoctorshavenotbeenabletocurethem,caninducesuchfaithinapreparation,particularlyifsteeplypriced,thatitwillproduce-bysuggestion-averyrealeffectinsomepeople.Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime.
Thesearethemainreasonswhylaxatives,indigestionremedies,painkillers,tonics,vitaminandirontabletsandmanyotherpreparationsarefoundinquantityinmanyhouseholds.Itisdoubtfulwhethertakingthesethingseverimprovesaperson’shealth;itmayevenmakeitworse.Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought.
1.Thefirstparagraphisintendedto(
).
2.Advertisementsareaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintsbecause
(
).
3.Paragraphs2and3explain
(
).
4.InParagraph4theauthorillustrates
(
).
5.Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.suggestthatself-medicationhasalonghistory
B.distinguishbetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication
C.praisedoctorsfortheirexpertise
D.tellthesymptomsfromthecauses
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.theyoftenwatchadsonTV
B.theyaremorelikelytobuythedrugsadvertised
C.theygenerallyleadasedentarylife
D.theydon’ttaketosportsandeasilycatchcolds
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.thatgoodthingsarenotwithoutsideeffects
B.whycleveradvertisingissopowerful
C.whyinmodemtimesself-medicationisstillpracticed
D.whypeopledevelopfaultywaysoflife
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.thereasonsforkeepingmedicinesathome
B.people’sdoubtabouttakingdrugs
C.whyitmaybeworsetotakedrugsbyoneself
D.thepossibleharmsself-medicationmaydotopeople
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.MedicalPractice
B.CleverAdvertising
C.Self-medication
D.Self-treatment
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:C
【解析】1.考察推理判斷。文章第一段第一句occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving提到偶爾的自我治療已經(jīng)成了人們正常生活中的一部分,接下來又提到了由于近百年來科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,使得制藥跟買藥的現(xiàn)象越來越普遍,這些都是說明自我治療已經(jīng)有一段很長的歷史了。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
2.考察推理判斷。文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime提到廣告人將目標(biāo)定在那些得感冒或者咳嗽的人身上,因?yàn)榈眠@些小毛病的人都愿意在短時(shí)間內(nèi)自行買藥治療,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
3.考察細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。文章第二段提到科技進(jìn)步帶動(dòng)了醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步,但是醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步又產(chǎn)生了兩個(gè)不利的影響,一是各種醫(yī)藥廣告盛行甚至導(dǎo)致過度服用藥物,二是久坐不動(dòng)的現(xiàn)象越發(fā)嚴(yán)重,人們不愛運(yùn)動(dòng)、過度飲食、抽煙等各種不好的生活習(xí)慣。文章第三段主要講述了聰明的廣告人針對(duì)有需要的人打廣告。這兩段講述了由于生活習(xí)慣,由于廣告的影響,人們愿意去買藥物自行治療。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
4.考察細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。文章第四段主要講述了自我治療是否會(huì)導(dǎo)致情況更遭:Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought,列舉出了很多情況,比如購買的藥物可能有不恰當(dāng)?shù)某煞?、使用者?huì)依賴這些藥物、使用者可能過去食用等等。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
5.考察主旨大意。文章第一段講述了自我治療的歷史;第二段講述了自我治療出現(xiàn)的原因;第三段講述了廣告商對(duì)自我治療產(chǎn)生的影響;第四段講述了自我治療有可能會(huì)引發(fā)的問題。由此可知,全文都是在講述自我治療。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
6.單選題
Afterall,thefoodcrisisisoverandthewoodwill(
)itslong-termupwardtrendinagricultureproduction.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.resume
B.renew
C.recover
D.restore
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。resume“重新開始,繼續(xù)”;renew“更新”;recover“恢復(fù)”;restore“恢復(fù),還原”。句意:畢竟糧食危機(jī)已經(jīng)解除,木材將繼續(xù)它在農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品中的上漲趨勢。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
7.單選題
Idon’tknowhowtogetthereeither—perhapswe,dbetter(
)amap.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.note
B.mark
C.consult
D.draft
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。note“做筆記”;mark“做標(biāo)記”;consult“咨詢”;draft“做草圖”。句意:我也不知道怎么去那里,也許我們最好在地圖上標(biāo)記一下。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
8.單選題
ThewholeembarrassinginthebarwasagreatdisappointmenttothemandsetabadexampleofEnglishhospitality.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.incident
B.accident
C.thing
D.matter
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)incidentn.事件,事變,插曲;B選項(xiàng)accidentn.事故,意外;C選項(xiàng)thingn.事情,東西,情況;D選項(xiàng)mattern.物質(zhì),原因。句意:酒吧里那件令人尷尬的事讓他們非常失望,這為英國人的好客樹立了一個(gè)不好的典范。因此,正確答案為A項(xiàng)。
9.單選題
Heknewthathewaspoor,andwouldadmitit;hewouldhavediedsoonerthanconfessany()totherich.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.superiority
B.inferiority
C.priority
D.preference
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。superiority“優(yōu)越”;inferiority“自卑”;priority“優(yōu)先權(quán)”;preference“偏愛、優(yōu)先權(quán)”。本句意為“他知道自己窮,也愿意承認(rèn);他寧愿死也不愿承認(rèn)自己比富人低一等”,inferiority的意思讓本句邏輯成立。選項(xiàng)符合題意。
10.單選題
IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelativesplay(
)rolesinraisingchildren.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.incapable
B.indispensable
C.insensible
D.infinite
【答案】B
【解析】形容詞辨析題。incapable無能力的,不能勝任的;indispensable不可缺少的;insensible昏迷的,無知覺的;infinite無限的。
句意:在中國家庭中,祖父母和其他親戚在撫養(yǎng)孩子方面扮演著不可或缺的角色。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
11.單選題
Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Experience.
B.Flexibility.
C.Familybackground.
D.Businessconnections.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Buyingdirectlyfromfactories.
B.Shippinggoodsinbulkbysea.
C.Havingpartnersinmanypartsoftheworld.
D.Usingthesamecontainerbackandforth.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Warehouses.
B.Factories.
C.Investors.
D.Retailers.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Trendystyle.
B.Uniquedesign.
C.Lowerimportduties.
D.Lowershippingcosts.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:C
【解析】ConversationTwo
W:I’veworkedininternationaltradeallmylife.Myfatherdidsotoobeforeme.SoIguessyoucouldsayitrunsinthefamily.
M:Whatproductshaveyouworkedwith?
W:Allsorts,really.I’veimportedtextiles,machinery,toys,solarpanels,allkindsofthingsovertheyears.Trendsanddemandcomeandgo.[5]So,oneneedstobeveryflexibletosucceedinthisindustry.
M:Isee.Whatgoodsareyoutradingnow?
W:InowimportfurniturefromChinaintoItalyandfoodsfromItalyintoChina.[6]Ievenusethesamecontainer.It’saveryefficientwayofconductingtrade.
M:Thesamecontainer?Youmeanyouowna40-footcargocontainer?
W:Yeah,that’sright.[7]IhaveawarehouseinGenova,ItalyandanotherinShanghai.Isourcemid-centurymodernfurniturefromdifferentfactoriesinChina.It’sverygoodvalueformoney.IcollectitallinmywarehouseandthendispatchittomyotherwarehouseinItaly.OverthereIdothesame,butwithItalianfoodsinsteadoffurniture,thingslikepasta,cheese,wine,chocolates.AndIsendallthattomywarehouseinChinainthesamefreightcontainerIuseforthefurniture.
M:So,Ipresumeyousellbothlinesofproductswholesaleineachrespectivecountry.
W:Ofcourse.Ipossessanetworkofclientsandpartnersinbothcountries.That’sthemainbenefitofhavingdonethisforsolong.I’vemadegreatbusinesscontactsovertime.
M:Howmanytimesdoyouship?
W:Idid12shipmentslastyear,18thisyear,andIhopetogrowtoaround25nextyear.That’sbothways,thereandbackagain.DemandforauthenticItalianfoodinChinaisgrowingrapidly.Andsimilarly,salesofaffordableyetstylishwoodenfurniturearealsoincreasinginItaly.[8]Furnitureismarginallymoreprofitable,mostlybecauseitenjoyslowercustomsduties.
5.Whatdoesthewomanthinkisrequiredtobesuccessfulininternationaltrade?
【試題答案】B
【試題解析】題目問女士認(rèn)為在國際貿(mào)易中取得成功需要什么條件?在錄音的開頭女士就提到國際貿(mào)易這個(gè)行業(yè)的趨勢和需求一直在變化,所以要想在這個(gè)行業(yè)里獲得成功,需要隨機(jī)應(yīng)變(flexible)。B選項(xiàng)flexibility是形容詞詞性flexible的名詞形式,表達(dá)的意思是一致的,因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”;C選項(xiàng)“家庭背景”和D選項(xiàng)“業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系”,雖然錄音中似乎有相關(guān)信息能夠推斷出以上選項(xiàng),但女士并沒有說以上是在行業(yè)中獲得成功的必要條件,因此可排除。
6.Whatdoesthewomansayisspecialaboutherwayofdoingtrade?
【試題答案】D
【試題解析】題目問女士說她做生意的方式有什么特別之處?錄音中女士說她在做中意貿(mào)易時(shí),貨運(yùn)的往來使用同一個(gè)集裝箱(usethesamecontainer),并說這是一種非常有效的貿(mào)易方式。D選項(xiàng)“來回使用同一個(gè)集裝箱”是對(duì)錄音原文的同義復(fù)述,因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“直接從工廠進(jìn)貨”,這只是貿(mào)易的進(jìn)貨方式,并不是其特別之處,因此可排除;B選項(xiàng)“通過海運(yùn)大批量運(yùn)貨”在錄音中沒有信息提及;C選項(xiàng)“在世界很多地方都有合作伙伴”,文中只提到中國和意大利,并沒有涉及其他地區(qū),因此C選項(xiàng)不準(zhǔn)確,也可排除。
7.WhatdoesthewomanhaveinbothItalyandChina?
【試題答案】A
【試題解析】題目問女士在意大利和中國都有什么。女士提到她在意大利熱那亞有一個(gè)倉庫(warehouse),在中國上海也有一個(gè),因此A選項(xiàng)“倉庫”正確。B選項(xiàng)“工廠”;C選項(xiàng)“投資者”和D選項(xiàng)“零售商”均不正確。
8.Whatdoesthewomansaymakesfurnituremarginallymoreprofitable?
【試題答案】C
【試題解析】題目問女士認(rèn)為是什么使得家具行業(yè)的利潤略高。在對(duì)話最后,女士提到家具行業(yè)的利潤略高一些,主要是因?yàn)樗碛休^低的關(guān)稅(lowercustomsduties)。因此C選項(xiàng)“較低的進(jìn)口稅”是對(duì)錄音原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“潮流風(fēng)格”,錄音中雖提及木制家具在意大利很受歡迎,但并不是利潤高的原因,因此不正確;B選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)特的設(shè)計(jì)”和D選項(xiàng)“較低的運(yùn)費(fèi)”在錄音中均未提及。
12.單選題
Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrustrepresentsanearlyunlimitedenergysource,butuntilrecentlycommercialretrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecov-rysystems.Thesesystemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity,wherehighratesfheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformofgeysersandhotsprings.Inotherareas,owever,hotrockalsoexistsnearthesurfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceerup-ivephenomena.Thusapotentialhotdryrock(HDR)reservoirexistswhenevertheamountofspon-aneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexistingcommercialsystems.
Asaresultofrecentenergycrisis,newconceptsforcreatingHDRrecoverysystems—whichin-olvedrillingholesandconnectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebe-ngdeveloped.InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDRs,artificialstimulationwillberequiredtoreateeithersufficientpermeabilityorboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycircula-ionofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.
TheHDRresourcebaseisgenerallydefinedtoincludecrustalrockthatishotterthan150°C,istdepthslessthantenkilometers,andcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailableequipment.Althoughellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnicallyfeasible,prevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslyeterminethecommercialfeasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas100oCmayeusefulforspaceheating;however,forproducingelectricity,temperaturesgreaterthan200°Careesirable.
Thegeothermalgradient,whichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreachaesiredtemperature,isamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermalresources.Temperaturegra-ientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssocia-ionofPetroleumGeologistssuggestthattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrossheUnitedStates.(Therearemanyareas,however,forwhichnotemperaturegradientrecordsex-st.)
IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperatureradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.?softo-alenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoaten-kilometerdepthintheUnitedStates.fweconservativelyestimatethatonlyabout0.2percentisrecoverable,wefindatotalofallthecoalemainingintheUnitedStates.Theremainingproblemistobalancetheeconomicsofdeeper,hotter,orecostlywellsandshallower,cooler,lessexpensivewellsagainstthevalueofthefinalproduct,e-ectricityand/orheat.
1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto().
2.Thepassagewouldbemostlikelytoappearina()
3.Accordingthepassage,anaveragegeothermalgradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthcanbeusedto()
4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheavailabilityoftemperature-depthrecordsforanyspe-cificareaintheUnitedStatesdependsprimarilyonthe().
5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.alertreaderstotheexistenceofHDRsasanavailableenergysource
B.documentthechallengesthathavebeensurmountedintheefforttorecoverenergyfromHDRs
C.warntheusersofcoalandoilthatHDRsarenotaneconomicallyfeasiblealternative
D.encouragetheuseofnewtechniquesfortherecoveryofenergyfromundergroundhotwaterandsteam
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.petrologicalresearchreportfocusedonthehistoryoftemperature-depthrecordsintheUnitedStates
B.congressionalreporturgingtheconservationofoilandnaturalgasreservesintheUnitedStates
C.technicaljournalarticleconcernedwiththerecoverabilityofnewlyidentifiedenergysources
D.consumerreportdescribingtheextentandaccessibilityofremainingcoalresources
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.balancetheeconomicsofHDRenergyretrievalagainstthatofundergroundhotwaterorsteamrecoverysystems
B.determinetheamountofenergythatwillbeusedforspaceheatingintheUnitedStates
C.providecomparisonsbetweenhotwaterandHDRenergysourcesinUnitedStates
D.estimatethetotalHDRresourcebaseintheUnitedStates
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.possibilitythatHDRsmaybefoundinthatarea
B.existenceofpreviousattemptstoobtainoilorgasinthatarea
C.historyofsuccessfulhotwaterorsteamrecoveryeffortsinthatarea
D.failureofinhabitantstoconserveoilgasreservesinthatarea
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.EnergyfromWaterSources:TheFeasibilityofCommercialSystems
B.GeothermalEnergyRetrieval:VolcanicActivityandHotDryRocks
C.EnergyUnderground:GeothermalSourcesGiveWaytoFossilFuels
D.TappableEnergyforAmerica’sFuture:HotDryRocks
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】1.最后一段指出:IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge(HDR能源基礎(chǔ)是巨大的)。A項(xiàng)“提醒讀者HDR可作為可利用能源”符合文意。
2.本文旨在提醒讀者HDR可作為可利用能源。所以,這篇文章可能出現(xiàn)在C項(xiàng)“關(guān)于新發(fā)現(xiàn)能源可恢復(fù)性的技術(shù)期刊”上。
3.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“averagegeothermalgradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepth”定位至最后一段:IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperaturegradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoaten-kilometerdepthintheUnitedStates(跡象表明,HDR的能源庫巨大。如果按每公里深度的地?zé)崽荻绕骄鶠?2攝氏度計(jì)算,可以得出美國1萬公里深度的地殼巖石中所包含的總能源。)D項(xiàng)“estimatethetotalHDRresourcebase”符合文意。
4.第四段指出:“Temperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationofPetroleumGeologistssuggest
thattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrosstheUnitedStates.”B項(xiàng)“該地區(qū)先前試圖獲取燃油和天然氣”符合文意。
5.本文講述了HDR能源的發(fā)現(xiàn)及應(yīng)用前景,通篇的關(guān)鍵詞為HDR。D項(xiàng)最適合做文章的標(biāo)題。
13.單選題
Thevegetativeformsofbacteriaareexterminatedby(
)intheair,althoughthedifferentspeciesexhibitpronounceddifferencesintheirresistance.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.combusting
B.quenching
C.shrinking
D.dehydrating
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。combust燃燒的,燒焦的;quenching(quench)壓抑;熄滅;shrinking收縮,萎縮;dehydrating脫水。句意:即使不同的物種在它們的抗?fàn)幹酗@現(xiàn)出顯著的差異,但是細(xì)菌繁殖體還是能以脫水的方式被根除。D項(xiàng)符合題意。
14.填空題
Inventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoflaborioustrialanderror.Innovationislikesoccereventhebestplayersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotstobeblockedmuchmorefrequentlythantheyscore.
A
B
C
D
【答案】Ctobeblocked改為blocked
【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。
【解題思路】havesth.done表示某事已經(jīng)被做完,havesth.tobedone表示有些事情等著被做,這里射門被擋住的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,此題正確用法為havetheirshotsblocked。
【句意】發(fā)明和創(chuàng)新幾乎總是來自于艱苦的試驗(yàn)和錯(cuò)誤。創(chuàng)新就像足球,即使是最優(yōu)秀的球員也會(huì)失球,他們的射門被擋出的次數(shù)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過他們進(jìn)球的次數(shù)。
15.單選題
Thenewaircraftwillbe()toatestoftemperaturesof-65℃and120℃.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.summoned
B.subjected
C.suspended
D.suppressed
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)summoned“召喚;鼓起(勇氣等)”;B選項(xiàng)subjected“使遭受”;C選項(xiàng)suspended“暫停;懸掛”;D選項(xiàng)suppressed“鎮(zhèn)壓;阻止(進(jìn)程或活動(dòng)),抑制(過程)”。句意:新的飛機(jī)會(huì)(),好去做一個(gè)到零下65℃和120℃的測試。根據(jù)語境,可知這里指的是新的飛機(jī)需要先做測試,合格以后才投入使用,suppressed“阻止(進(jìn)程或活動(dòng))”比較合理。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
16.單選題
Expertssaidtheamountofcompensationforsicksmokerswouldbereducedifcoolerjurorsprevailed.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.resigned
B.compromised
C.persisted
D.dominated
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。prevail表示“盛行,流行,戰(zhàn)勝”;A項(xiàng)resign“辭職,放棄”,B項(xiàng)compromise“妥協(xié),和解”,C項(xiàng)persist“堅(jiān)持”,D項(xiàng)dominate“占主導(dǎo)地位,支配,控制”。句意:專家表示,如果冷酷的陪審員獲勝,對(duì)生病吸煙者的賠償金額將會(huì)減少。根據(jù)句意可知,選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
17.單選題
Hisofficeiswithin(
)fromthepostoffice.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.astone’sthrow
B.athrowofastone
C.stone’sthrow
D.thestone’sthrow
【答案】A
【解析】句意:他的辦公室與該郵局的距離在一步之遙內(nèi)。
固定搭配。astone'sthrow—步之遙
18.單選題
Hehasbeen______ofmurderingtheJapanesevisitor.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.blamed
B.charged
C.accused
D.arrested
【答案】C
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.blamed責(zé)怪;指責(zé)B.charged收(費(fèi));控訴
C.accused控告;控訴D.arrested逮捕;拘留
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息murderingtheJapanesevisitor(謀殺日本游客)可推知,空格處應(yīng)該填入“指控、控訴”,而由介詞of可知,beaccusedof是固定用法,表示“被指控”,故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)不符合句意;
B項(xiàng)要與with搭配,chargesb.withsth.表示“控告某人某事”;
D項(xiàng)要與for搭配使用,arrestsb.forsth.表示“因某事逮捕某人”。
【句意】他被指控謀殺了那名日本游客。
19.單選題
Childrenare()tohavesomeaccidentsastheygrowup.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.obvious
B.bound
C.indispensable
D.doubtless
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obvious“明顯的;顯著的;平淡無奇的”;B選項(xiàng)bound“受約束的;被……限制的”;C選項(xiàng)indispensable“不可缺少的;絕對(duì)必要的”;D選項(xiàng)doubtless“無疑的”。句意:孩子們在成長過程中……會(huì)發(fā)生一些意外。本題還需要注意的是搭配,beboundto表示“必然”符合本句句意。
20.單選題
Toomanypeoplebelievethattoachievegreatthingswemustmakebrutalsacrifices,thattosucceedinworkwemustfocussingle-mindedly,atthe(
)ofeverythingelseinlife.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.heart
B.beginning
C.mercy
D.expense
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配。attheexpenseof意為“以……為代價(jià)”。
句意:太多的人相信為了成就大事我們必須做出殘酷的犧牲,為了在工作中取得成功,我們必須一心一意,以犧牲生活中的其他一切為代價(jià)。
21.單選題
Theradioactivitytowhichtheywereexposedwassopowerfulthatthedeadmen'sbodieswerethemselvesaradiation(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.bumper
B.fatality
C.hazard
D.expansion
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。bumper意為“緩沖器”;fatality意為“死亡,致命性,宿命”;hazard意為“冒險(xiǎn)”;expansion意為“擴(kuò)大”。句意:他們接觸到的放射性是如此強(qiáng)烈,以至于死者的尸體本身就是輻射擴(kuò)散。
22.單選題
Weallwanttostandfirstinline,firstintheheartsofourcountry,firstinthepolls,firstinthestandings.The(1)ofNumberOneissurelyanimportantthinginsports,butforuniversities,beingfirstisnotasimportantasbeing(2)thebest.
Thetwenty-firstcenturyshowsno(3)ofinterestamongresearchers,institutions,donors,boardsoftrustees,andgovernmentsinusingvariousuniversityrankingsto(4)theperformanceofhighereducationinstitutions.Mostnationalresearchuniversitiesmeasurethemselves(5)awiderangeofdimensionsthattheinstitutionsbelieveimportantfordeterminingimprovementandsuccess.Atthesametime,nosingleindicatororcompositenumber(6)representswhatanindividualinstitutionhasdone,cando,orwilldo.Toimprovethequalityandproductivityofa(7)nationalresearchuniversity,itsfaculty,students,staff,andsupportersneedto(8)anumberofindicatorsthat,(9)together,giveareasonableapproximationofaccomplishmentandstrength(10)tothebestuniversitiesinthecountry.
Manyindicators(11)thispurpose,butmostobserversknowthatresearch(12)morethananythingelsein(13)thebestinstitutions.Initsannualreports,TheCenterprovidesboththe(14)researchanddevelopmentexpendituresandthehighly-competitivefederally(15)researchanddevelopmentexpendituresasindicatorsofresearchscale.(16)thedollarsgiveagoodapproximationofresearchactivity,(17)isthefacultywhoprovidethecriticalresourceforuniversitysuccess,andTheCenterreportsthenumberofmembersoftheNationalAcademiesamonganinstitution’sfacultyalongwiththenumberofsignificantfacultyawardsearnedasindicatorsoffacultydistinction.Studentsprovidea(18)indicatorbyreflectingboththeexternallyperceivedqualityoftheinstitutionand(19)withtheirowncredentialsanimportantcontributiontothatquality.Forthegraduateandresearchinstructionaldimension,TheCenterprovidesthenumberofdoctorates(20)andthenumberofpostdoctoralappointmentssupported;andTheCenteroffersmedianSATscoresasindicatorsofstudentcompetitiveness.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.eager
B.ambition
C.pursuit
D.desire
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.in
B.among
C.for
D.on
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.fewer
B.lessening
C.weaker
D.worsening
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.assess
B.assume
C.comment
D.reflect
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.as
B.for
C.on
D.in
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.moderately
B.accurately
C.equitably
D.fairly
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.major
B.main
C.basic
D.fundamental
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.pursue
B.evaluate
C.follow
D.appraise
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.taken
B.got
C.getting
D.taking
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.reference
B.superior
C.close
D.relative
問題11選項(xiàng)
A.meet
B.serve
C.fill
D.integrate
問題12選項(xiàng)
A.implies
B.means
C.symbolizes
D.matters
問題13選項(xiàng)
A.determining
B.disclosing
C.differentiating
D.defining
問題14選項(xiàng)
A.total
B.whole
C.major
D.sum
問題15選項(xiàng)
A.recognized
B.sponsored
C.sponsoring
D.recognizing
問題16選項(xiàng)
A.However
B.Therefore
C.While
D.Nevertheless
問題17選項(xiàng)
A.that
B.which
C.this
D.it
問題18選項(xiàng)
A.second
B.double
C.twice
D.twin
問題19選項(xiàng)
A.providing
B.provide
C.provided
D.provision
問題20選項(xiàng)
A.won
B.awarded
C.awarding
D.winning
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:C
第6題:B
第7題:A
第8題:C
第9題:A
第10題:D
第11題:B
第12題:D
第13題:D
第14題:A
第15題:B
第16題:C
第17題:D
第18題:B
第19題:A
第20題:B
【解析】(1)語義連接。此處表示對(duì)第一的爭奪,追求。Eager渴望;ambition抱負(fù);pursuit追求;desire要求。
(2)邏輯分析。..foruniversities,beingfirstisnotasimportant:對(duì)許多大學(xué)來說,成為第一并不重要...。universities:用的是復(fù)數(shù)形式,可推測此處為:在一堆的大學(xué)中進(jìn)行比較,故選擇B項(xiàng)。
(3)語義連接。第一段提到到處可以見到爭“第一”的現(xiàn)象,所以這種現(xiàn)象在現(xiàn)在依舊沒有減少,由此得出選擇B:減輕,變小,nolessening:沒有減小,符合句意。Fewer更少;lessening減輕,變小;weaker較弱的;worsening惡化的。
(4)動(dòng)詞辨析??崭裉庍xA,意思是:評(píng)估高等院校的績效。A:評(píng)估;B:假設(shè);C:評(píng)論;D:反映。
(5)固定搭配。onawiderangeofdimensions:在一個(gè)更為廣闊的空間。
(6)副詞辨析。上一句提到評(píng)估要在一個(gè)更為廣闊的空間進(jìn)行,所以下一句句意為:nosingleindicatororcompositenumber...represents:單個(gè)的指標(biāo)或合成數(shù)不能準(zhǔn)確地反映出情況,選B:精準(zhǔn)地,準(zhǔn)確地。A:適度地;C:公正地;D:公平地。
(7)固定搭配。majornationalresearchuniversity:重點(diǎn)國家級(jí)研究型大學(xué)。
(8)動(dòng)詞辨析。對(duì)大學(xué)的評(píng)估要依據(jù)不同的指標(biāo),故選擇C,依據(jù)。A:追趕;B:評(píng)價(jià),評(píng)估;D:評(píng)價(jià),鑒定。
(9)固定搭配。takentogether:總算,合起來。
(10)短語辨析。giveareasonableapproximationofaccomplishmentandstrength20tothebestuniversitiesinthecountry:對(duì)其成績與實(shí)務(wù)給出一個(gè)合理的近似值,參照國內(nèi)最好的大學(xué)。由此得出選擇D:relativeto:相對(duì)于,涉及,有關(guān)。A:參考,參照,是名詞,后面不接介詞。B:superiorto:優(yōu)于,比...越。C:closeto:接近。
(11)動(dòng)詞辨析。上文提到對(duì)研究院的考核要遵循一些指標(biāo),故Manyindicatorsservesthispurpose:許多指標(biāo)服務(wù)于這個(gè)目的,故選擇B:服務(wù)。
(12)動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:研究院的成果對(duì)學(xué)院的考核很重要。因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。A:暗示;B:手段,方式;C:象征,代表;D:要緊。
(13)動(dòng)詞辨析。此處句意為:依據(jù)指標(biāo)對(duì)研究院進(jìn)行考核,再評(píng)定其是不是最好的學(xué)院。故D項(xiàng)符合句意。A:測定,決定;B:公開;C:區(qū)分;D:定義,界定。
(14)形容詞辨析。Initsannualreports意思是:在年度報(bào)告中。所以推測此處為:搜集全部的資料。故選A。
(15)動(dòng)詞辨析&語法分析。此處指的是聯(lián)邦政府對(duì)大學(xué)的贊助。這里應(yīng)該用sponsor的過去分詞形式,表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生。
(16)邏輯分析。此處表示:從事研究所需的經(jīng)費(fèi)到齊之時(shí)。故選擇C:當(dāng)...時(shí)候,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。
(17)語法分析。此處為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(通常是主語、賓語或狀語)+that/who(當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語且主語指人)+其他部分。故選擇D。A:那個(gè);B:哪個(gè);C:這個(gè)。
(18)語義連接。句子中用到:both...and:兩者都...,可知這兩方面都發(fā)揮了作用,故選擇B:雙重的,兩倍的。
(19)動(dòng)詞辨析。此處意思為:學(xué)生們提供了一些指標(biāo)反映學(xué)院的實(shí)力,故選擇A:提供,現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨,表主動(dòng)。B:提供;C:假如;D:規(guī)定,條款。
(20)固定搭配。doctoratesawarded:被授予博士頭銜。
23.單選題
_____inthepast,atthemomentitisafavoritechoiceforweddinggown.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Unpopularhasaswhitebeen
B.Whitehasbeenasunpopular
C.Unpopularhasbeenaswhite
D.Unpopularaswhitehasbeen
【答案】D
【解析】語法題。as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,一般將形容詞,名詞等提前,使用部分倒裝。A、B、C選項(xiàng)語序錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)符合部分倒裝形式,將表語提前。因此,本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。句意:盡管白色禮服在過去并不流行,但是現(xiàn)在卻是最為流行的婚紗顏色。
24.單選題
Thelion'sferociousbehaviorwasattributedtoitslackofedibleflesh.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.tame
B.relaxed
C.savage
D.fable
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。題目中ferocious表示“殘忍的;驚人的;兇殘的”;A選項(xiàng)為“馴服的;順從的;平淡的”;B選項(xiàng)為“放松的,寬松的”;C選項(xiàng)為“野蠻的;荒涼的;兇猛的”;D選項(xiàng)為“寓言,童話”,不是形容詞。根據(jù)句意可知,獅子的殘暴行為源于缺少食用肉。因此,正確答案是C項(xiàng)。
25.單選題
Thesupplyofapplesexceedsthe()thisyear.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.request
B.claim
C.requirement
D.demand
【答案】D
【解析】句意:今年的蘋果供不應(yīng)求。supply供給對(duì)應(yīng)demand需求。選項(xiàng)D更符合。
26.單選題
Iwouldappreciate(
)itasecret.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.yourkeeping
B.thatyoukeep
C.youtokeep
D.thatyouwillkeep
【答案】A
【解析】句意:感謝你保守秘密。
考查固定搭配。Appreciatesth./doingsth.感謝…。
27.單選題
He___afewmoreboardsfromthecabinettomaketheinsidemorespacious.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.separated
B.divided
C.detached
D.parted
【答案】C
【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)separated“(使)分離,分開(指把兩個(gè)人或物分開,著重從原屬一個(gè)整體中移居一部分或把兩者隔開);隔開;分手;(使)分居;(使)區(qū)別(于)”;B選項(xiàng)divided“(使)分開;分成(指把一個(gè)整體按要求分成幾個(gè)部分,暗示分配之意;也可指分開兩個(gè)對(duì)立的事物);分配;分擔(dān);分隔;(道路)分叉;使產(chǎn)生分歧;(數(shù))除,除以”;C選項(xiàng)detached“拆卸;掙脫;派遣;可方便地取下;執(zhí)行單獨(dú)任務(wù)”;D選項(xiàng)parted“離開;分別(多指使緊密相連的人或物分開,往往暗示最后分離的意味);分開;隔離;分散;解散;裂開;斷裂;(頭發(fā))梳成分頭”。句意:他從柜子上___幾塊木板,使里面更寬敞。
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