《西方文化導(dǎo)論》練習(xí)題

ChapterOneGreekCultureI。Fillintheblanks： 1。Europeancultureismadeupofmanyelements，twooftheseelementsconsideredtobemoreenduringandtheyaretheGreco-Roman（希臘羅馬的elementandtheJudeo-Christian（猶太教與基督教的）element.2。Greekculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentinthe5thcentury. 3.InthesecondhalfofthecenturyB.C.，allGreecewasbroughtunderruleofAlexanderkingofMacedon。4.In146B.C.theRomansconqueredGreece. 5. Revivedin1896，theOlympicGameshavebecometheworld'samateursportscompetition.6. AncientGreeksconsideredHomertobetheauthoroftheirepics。7. TheHomer'sepicsconsistedofIliadandOdyssey。 8. TheIliaddealswiththeallianceofthestatesofthesouthernmainlandGreeceledbyAgamemnonintheirwaragainstthecityof。 9。 TheOdysseydealswiththereturnofOdysseusaftertheTrojanwartohome,islandofIthaca。10.TherepresentationformofGreekDemocracyiscitizen-assembly(公民大會(huì)） 11.OfthemanylyricpoetsofancientGreece,twoarestilladmiredbyreaderstoday:SapphoandPindar.12。SapphowasconsideredthemostimportantlyricpoetofancientGreece。 13.Pindarisbestknownforhisodescelebratingthevictoriesattheathleticgamessuchasthe14Olympicodes。 14.ThethreegreattragicdramatistsofancientGreeceareAeschylusSophocles,andEuripides。15.Aeschylus wrote such plays as Prometheus Bound，Persians andAgamemnon。 16.SophocleswrotesuchtragicplaysasOedipustheKing(）,Electr《伊萊克特拉》謀殺其母及其情人者),andAntigon。Oedipuscomplex()andElectracomplex()derivedfromSophocles’plays。17.Euripides(歐里庇得斯) wrotemainly about women in such plays asAndromache,Medea,andTrojanWomen。 18.Comedyalsoflourishedinthe5thcenturyB.C。ItsbestwriterwasAristophanes，whohasleftelevenplays,includingClouds,Wasps。19。Euripides_isthefirstwriterof”problemplays"。 20希羅多德isoftencalled“FatherofHistory”HewroteaboutthewarsbetweenGreeksandPersians。 21Thucydides(修西得底斯）describedthewarbetweenAthensandSpartabetweenAthensandSyracuse,aGreekstateontheIslandof。 畢達(dá)哥拉斯）wasaboldthinkerwhohadtheideathatallwerenumbers.23。Pythagoraswasthefounderofscientificmathematics。赫拉克利特)believedfiretotheprimaryelementoftheuniverse，outofwhicheverythingelsehadarisen。25.ThegreatestnamesinEuropeanphilosophyareSocrates,PlatoandAristotle. 26。Inthe4thcenturyB。Cfourschoolsofphilosophersoftenarguedwitheachother,theyaretheCynics（犬儒學(xué)派）,theSceptics（懷疑論學(xué)派）,Epicurean（伊壁鳩魯學(xué)派，andtheStoic（斯多葛學(xué)派）. 27Euclid(歐幾里得iswell-knownforhisElementsatextbookofgeometry。28Toillustratetheprincipleofthelevel,Archimedesissaidtohavetoldtheking,“Givemeaplacetostand，andIwillmovetheworld.” 29。Greekarchitecturecanbegroupedintothreestyles:theDoric（多利安式）stylewhichisalsocalledthemasculinestyl；theIoni（愛奧尼亞式）stylewhichisalsocalledthefemininestyle；andalaterstylethatiscalledtheCorinthian（林斯式）style。 30。TheAcropolisatAthens（雅典衛(wèi)城）andtheParthenon（萬神殿)arefinestmonumentofGreekarchitectureandsculptureinmorethan2000years。II.Multiplechoices：1Whichculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentinthe5thcentury。CA。GreekCulture B。RomanCulture C。EgyptianCulture D.Culture2。In theRomanconqueredGreece.A。1200B.C。 B.700B。C。 C。146B.C. D。The5thcentury 3.WhichofthefollowingworksdescribedthewarledbyAgamemnonagainstcityofA。OedipustheKingB.Iliad C。Odyssey D.Antigone4。WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheplayswrittenbyAeschylus?A。Antigone B.Agamemnon C.PersiansD。PrometheusBound5。WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheplayswrittenbySophocles?Electra B.Antigone C。TrojanWoman D。OedipustheKing6。WhichofthefollowingistheplaywrittenbyEuripides?A。Antigone B.Persians C.Electra D.Medea7WhichofthefollowingisNOTthegreatesttragicdramatistofancientGreece？Aristophanes 。Euripides C。Sophocles D.Aeschylus8。Whoeversaidthat“Youcannotsteptwiceintothesame?！?？Pythagoras B。Heracleitus C。Aristotle D。Plato9。Whowasthefounderofscientificmathematics？Heracleitus B.Aristotle C.Socrates D.Pythagoras10。Whoischieflynotedforhisdoctrinethat“manisthemeasureofallthings”?A。Protagoras B.Pythagoras C.Pyrrhon D.EpicurusChapterTwoRomanCultureIFillintheblanks： 1.TheburningofCorinthin146B.CmarkedRomanconquestofGreece,wasthenreducedtoaprovinceoftheRomanEmpire。 2。TheRomanwriterHoracesaid:“CaptiveGreecetookherrudeconquerorcaptive”.（）3。In27B.C.Octavius（屋大維)tooksupremepowerasemperorwiththetitleofAugustus(奧古斯都）. 4.TheRomansenjoyedalongperiodofpeacelastingtwohundredyears,aremarkablephenomenoninhistoryknownasthePaxRomana（羅馬的和平）. 5.Inthe4thcentury,theemperorConstantinemovedthecapitalfromRometoByzantium,renameditConstantinople(modernIstanbul）. 6.In476thelastemperorofthewestwasdeposedbytheGoths（哥特人)andmarkedtheendoftheWestRoman。 7。TheEastRomanEmpirecollapsedwhenConstantinoplefelltotheTurks1453. 8.JuliusCaesarrecordedwhathedidandsawinthevariousmilitarycampaignshetookpartinandthesewritings,collectedinhisCommentarie）,modelsofsuccinctLatin.9。VirgilwasthegreatestofLatinpoetsandwrotethegreatepic,theAeneid。 10。ThePantheonisthegreatest andthebestpreservedRomantemple,wasbuiltin27B.C。Andreconstructedinthe2thcentury。D.。。She-wolfisthestatuewhichillustratesthelegendofcreationofRoman。12.ThedividingrangeintheRomanhistoryrefersto27。C。13.“Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.”issaidbyJuliusCaesar.II.Choice:Whowrote,“Icame，Isaw,Iconquered"?A。Horace B。JuliusCaesar C。Virgil D.MarcusTulliusCicero2。TheauthorofthephilosophicalpoemOntheNatureofThingsis _。A.Virgil B.JuliusCaesar C.Horace D.LucretiusWhichofthefollowingisnotRomanarchitecture？A.TheColosseum B。ThePantheon C.TheParthenon。PontduGardWhowrote“CaptiveGreecetookherrudeconquerorcaptive。"？A。Sappho B。Plato C.Virgil D。HoraceChapterThereChristianCultureFillintheblanks：1.Amongallthereligionsbywhichpeopleseektoworship，ChristianityisbyfarthemostinfluentialintheWest.2。BothJudaismandChristianityoriginatedinPalestinethehubofmigrationandtraderoutes，whichledtoexchangeofideasoverwideareas。 Some3800yearsagotheancestorsoftheJews–thethroughthedesertsoftheMiddleEast.

希伯來人–wandered以撒克和雅各的后代；古以色列人；猶太人) About1300C.,theHebrewscametosettleinPalestineknownasCanaanattime,andformedsmallkingdoms。Canaan：迦南(《圣經(jīng)》故事中稱其為上帝賜給以色列人祖先的“應(yīng)許之地”，是巴勒斯坦，敘利亞和黎巴嫩等地的古稱)5。ThekingoftheHebrewswashandeddownorallyfromonegenerationtoanotherintheformoffolktalesandstories，whichwererecordedlaterintheOldTestament.6。TheBibleisacollectionofreligiouswritingscomprisingtwoparts:theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.TheoldTestamentconsistsof39books,theoldestandmostimportantofarefirstfivebooks，calledPentateuch(摩西五書）. WhentheHebrewsleftthedesertandenteredthemountainousSinai，MosesclimbedtothetopofthemountaintoreceivefromGodmessage,whichcametobeknownastheTen。ChronologicallyAmosistheearliestprophetintheOldTestament.Amos：阿摩司（前八世紀(jì)的希伯來先知）InBabyloninthe6thcenturyC.theHebrews,nowknownasJewssynagoguestopractisetheirreligion.AttheageofJesusreceivedthebaptismatthehandsofJohnBaptist.12。JesusspentmostofhislifeinGalilee,whereheapparentlymadeasensation。Galilee：加利利（巴勒斯坦北部一多ft地區(qū))JesusofNazareth((巴勒斯坦地區(qū)北部古城)拿撒勒）livedinPalestinethereignofthefirstRomanEmperorAugustus.JesuswentwithhisdisciplestoJerusalemforthePassover,butwasbetrayedJudas。15。In313theEdictofMilan(米蘭敕令)wasissuedbyConstantineIandgrantedreligiousfreedomtoallandmadeChristianitylegal。16。In392D,EmperorTheodosiusmadeChristianitytheofficialreligionsofempireandoutlawedallotherreligions。17。AfterJesusdied,St。PeterandSt.PaulledthedisciplesofJesustospreadgospelintheMediterraneanregions。By300A。D.eachlocalchurchwascalledaparish（教區(qū))andhadafullleaderknownaspriest.Towardstheendofthefourthcenturyfouraccountswereacceptedaspartof NewwhichtellsthebeginningofChristianity.20。WhenasJesus’motherMarywasespousedtoJoseph，beforetheycametogether,shewasfoundwithchildoftheHolyGhost21.JesuswentwithhisdisciplestoJerusalemforthePassover（逾越節(jié)）,butwasbetrayedbyJudasandcaughtattheLastSupper.22。TheHebrewshistorywasrecordedinTheOldTestamentoftheBible。23.TheNewTestamentisaboutthedoctrineofJesusChrist。24。ThestoryaboutGod'sfloodingtothehumanbeingandonlygood—virtuesavedwasrecordedinGenesis,PentateuchtheOldtheBiblewasknownasNoah's。TheBirthofJesuswasrecordedinMatthew（馬太福音。ThestoryaboutJesusbeingpinnedinthecrosstodeathwasknownasTheSupper。ThefirstEnglishversionofwholeBiblewastranslatedfromtheLatinVulgatein1382andwascopiedoutbyhandbytheearlygroupofreformersledbyWycliff.Choice： 1。WhichofthefollowingisbyfarthemostinfluentialintheA。Buddism B.Islamism C.Christianity D。Judaism2。TheOldTestamentconsistsof39books,theoldestandmostimportantwhicharethefirstfivebooks，called 。A。Exodus B。Commandments C.Amos D。摩西五書）3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthecontentoftheTenCommandments?Honoryourfatherandyourmother。。Donotcommitsuicide.C.Donotdesireyourneighbor’swife。D。DonottakethenameofGodinvain.WheninBabylontheHebrewsformedsynagoguestopractisetheirreligion?A。in169B。C。 。inthe4thcenturyC.in76B。C. D。inthe6thcenturyAfterthe centuryNestorianismreached。A.sixth B.fifth C.second D.third(Nestorianism:聶斯托里教;景教：5世紀(jì)君士坦丁大主教N(yùn)estorius創(chuàng)立的)WhichofthefollowingemperorsmadeChristianitytheofficialreligionoftheempireandoutlawedallotherreligions？A。Theodosius B.Augustus C.ConstantineI D.NeroCaesar7WhichofthefollowingemperorsissuedtheEdictofMilanandmadelegalin313?Augustus B。Thedosius C。Nero D.ConstantineIAttheageofJesusChristreceivedthebaptismatthehandsof .A.St.Peter B。。Paul C。JohnBaptist(施洗者約翰）D。Wycliff9。By1963，thewholeoftheBiblehadbeentranslatedin languagesA.228 B。974 C。1202 D。15410。TheoldestextantGreektranslationoftheOldTestamentisknownas .A。theLatinVulgate B.theAristease” D.theSeptuagint《舊約圣經(jīng)》的希臘文譯本）Whenprintingwasinventedinthe1500’s,the Biblewasthefirstcompleteworkprinted。A.English B.Latin C。Aramaic D.Hebrew12。WhendidthestandardAmericaneditionoftheRevisedVersionA。1885 B.1611 C。1901 D。1979ChapterFourMedievalCultureI.Fillintheblanks: 1.InEuropeanhistory，thethousandyearperiodfollowingthefalloftheRomanEmpireinthefifthcenturyiscalledtheMiddle。 2.Betweenthefifthandeleventhcenturies，WestEuropewasthescenefrequentwarsandinvasions。 3。TheMiddleAgeisaperiodinwhichclassical,HebrewandGothicmerged. 4.FeudalisminEuropewasmainlyasystemoflandholding–asystemholdinglandinexchangeformilitaryservice。 5。In732CharlesMartel，aFrankishrulergavehissoldiersestatesknownfiefs(封地,采邑)asarewardfortheirservice。6.Thecenterofmedievallifeunderfeudalismwasthemanor。 7。Bythe12thcenturymanorhousescametobecalledcastle,whichwereofstoneanddesignedasfortress。 8.Asaknight,hewaspledgedtoprotecttheweak,tofightforthechurch，toloyaltohislordandtorespectwomenofnoblebirth。Theseruleswereknownascodeofchivalryfromwhichthewesternideaofgoodmannersdeveloped。 9After1054theChurchwasdividedintotheRomanCatholicChurchandEasternOrthodoxChurch。 10。ThemostimportantofalltheleadersofChristianthoughtwasAugustineofHippowholivedinNorthAfricainthefifthcentury. （奧古斯丁：羅馬帝國基教思想家；北非希波主教)） 11.Underfeudalism,peopleofwesternEuropeweremainlydividedintoclasses:clergy,lordsandpeasants. 12.ThePopenotonlyruledRomanandpartsofItalyasaking,hewasalsoheadofallChristianchurchesinwesternEurope. 13IntheMedievaltimestheChurchsetupachurchcourttheInquisition（教審判所tostampoutso—calledheresy（異教。 14Oneofthemostimportant圣禮)wasHoly禮),whichwastoremindpeoplethatChristhaddiedtoredeemman. 15ToexpresstheirreligiousmanypeopleintheMiddleAgeswentjourneystosacredplaceswhereearlyChristianleadershadlived.ThemostimportantofallwasJerusalem(耶路撒冷：巴勒斯坦著名古城。 16。WithareturnattackagainsttheMoslems,theWesternChristianslaunchedseriesofholywarscalledtheCrusades. 17。Charlemagne，whotemporarilyrestoredorderinwesternandcentralEurope，wasperhapsthemostimportantfigureofthemedievalperiod.18.CharlemagnewascrowedEmperoroftheRomans"bythePopein800。 19.TheSummaTheologic）byS。ThomasAquinasanenormoussystemandsumsupalltheknowledgeofmedievaltheology. 20.RogerBaconwasoneoftheearliestadvocatesofscientificresearchcalledforcarefulobservationandexperimentation. 21.“Nationalepicreferstotheepicwritteninvernacular(本國的）languages–thatis，thelanguagesofvariousnationalstatesthatcameintobeingintheMiddleAges。 22BeowulfisanAnglo—Sexonepicinalliterativeverseoriginatingthecollectiveeffortsoforalliterature. 23DanteAlighieriwasthegreatestpoetofhismasterpieceTheComedy，isoneofthelandmarksofworldliterature. 24.ChaucerwasagreatEnglishpoet,TheCanterburyTaleswerehispopularworkfortheirpowerofobservation,piercingirony，senseofhumorandwarmhumanity。 25.ThestyleofarchitectureunderRomanesqueartischaracterizedmassiveness，solidityandmonumentalitywithalloverallblockyappearance. 26。TheGothicstylestartedinFranceandquicklyspreadthroughallpartswesternEurope。II。Choice： 1。Inthelaterpartofthe4thcentury,whichofthefollowingtribessweptintoEuropefromcentralAsia,robbingandkillingalargenumbersofthehalfcivilizedGermanictribes？A。theMongolians B.theHuns（匈奴人）C.theTurkish DtheSyrians2。TheMiddleAgesisalsocalledthe .A?！癆geofChristianity” B.“AgeofLiterature"C.“AgeofHolySpirit” D.“AgeofFaith" 3。Accordingtothecodeofchivalry，whichofthefollowingisnotpledgeddoforaknight?TobeloyaltohislordB。TofightforthechurchC.Toobeywithoutquestiontheordersoftheabbot（修道院)D.Torespectwomenofnoblebirth 4.In732,whogavehissoldiersestatesknownasfiefs(）asafortheirservice?A。CharlesMartel,aFrankishruler B。CharlesI,aTurkishrulerC。ConstantineI,aFrankishruler D。St.Benedict，aItalianruler 5。WhenwastheChurchdividedintotheRomanCatholicChurchandOrthodoxChurch？after1066 B.after1296 C.after1054 Dafter476 6。WhichofthefollowingabouttheknightornobleintheMiddleAgesinWesternEuropeisNOTtrue?A.AlmostallnobleswereknightsintheMedievaldays。B.Anoblebeganhiseducationasapageattheageofseven.C.Asaknight,hewaspledgedtofightforthechurch.D.Ataboutfourteenthepagebecameaknight。 7。WhenwasanoblecrownedasaknightintheMiddleAgesinWesternEurope？A.Attheageof14。B.Whenhewastaughttosayhisprayers ，learnedgoodmannersanderrandsfortheladies。C.Ataspecialceremonyknownasdubbing（騎士爵位的授與。D.Whenhewaspledgedtofightforthechurch. 8。Whichofthefollowingis NOTtrueaboutwhatthemonksmustdoenteringthemonasteryaccordingtotheBenedictineRule？A。Theyhadtoattendservice6timesduringthedayandonceatmidnight。。Theycouldpromisetogiveupalltheirpossessionbefore enteringmonastery。C.Theywereexpectedto work5hoursadayinthefields surroundingmonastery.D.Theyhadtoobeywithoutquestiontheordersoftheabbot。9.Underfeudalism,whatwerethethreeclassesofpeopleofwesternEurope？clergy,knightsandserfs B。Pope，bishopandpeasantsC。clergy，lordsandpeasants D.knights，noblesand 10。BywhichyeartheMoslemshadtakenoverthelastChristianstrongholdandwonthecrusadesandruledalltheterritoryinPalestinethatthecrusadersfoughttocontrol?A.1270 B.1254 C.1096 D.1291Whichofthefollowingwascrowned“EmperoroftheRomans”bythePopein800？。ThomasAquinas B.CharlemagneC.Constantine D.KingJames 12.WhowastheruleroftheAnglo—SaxonkingdomofWessexandcontributedgreatlytothemedievalEuropeanculture?A。CharlesI B.ConstantineIC。AlfredtheGreat D.CharlestheGreat13。DoesSongofRolandbelongtowhichcountry’sEnglish B。Germanic C。Hebrew D。French14。WhoistheauthoroftheOpusMaiu《新工具論》)?RogerBacon BDanteAlighieriC.Chaucer DSt.ThomasAquinasChapterFiveRenaissanceFillintheblanks： 1.GenerallyspeakingRenaissancereferstotheperiodbetweenthe14thand17thcentury。2.HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance。 3。Inessence，RenaissancewasahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandscholarsmadeattemptstogetridofconservatisminfeudalistEuropeandintroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsofbourgeoisie（級(jí)，tolifttherestrictionsinallareasplacedbytheRomanChurchauthorities。 4。RenaissancestartedinFlorenceandVenicewiththefloweringofpaintings,sculptureandarchitecture。 5。Beginningfromthe11thcentury，citiesbegantoriseincentralandnorthItaly。 6Decamero)isacollectionof100talestoldby7youngladies3youngergentlemenontheirwaytoescapetheBlackDeathof1348。 彼特拉克wasbestknownfor,abookoflyricalsongswritteninhisItaliandialect.8.TheRenaissanceartistsintroducedintheirworksscientifictheoriesofanatomy（解剖學(xué)）andperspective（透視畫法）. 9.ThefourrepresentativeartistsofHighRenaissanceinItalyareLeonardoVinci,MichelangeloRaphaeland。 10。LoenardodaVinci’smajorworks：LastSupperisthemostfamousofreligiouspictures；MonaLisaprobablyistheworld’smostfamousportrait. 11.Michelangelocreatedastyleofartinwhichhefreedhimselffromtheoldtraditionofdecorationontheonehandanddocumentaryrealismontheother. 12。Titian’spaintingisacknowledgedtohaveestablishedoilcolouroncanvasasthetypicalmediumofthepictorialtraditioninwesternart. 13。Inworldtrade，ItalyhadlostitssupremacybecauseofthediscoveryofAmericain1492andtheroundingoftheCapeofGoodHopein1488,theopeningofanall—waterroutetoIndiawhichprovidedacheapermeansoftransport。14.Petrarchislookedupasthefatherofmodernpoetry.15.ItalyisregardedasthebirthplaceoftheRenaissance。 16TheReformationledbyMartinLutherwhichsweptoverthewholeofEuropewasaimedatopposingtheabsoluteauthorityoftheRomanCatholicChurchandreplacingitwiththeabsoluteauthorityoftheBible. 17。MartinLutherwastheGermanleaderoftheProtestantReformation.doctrinemarkedthefirstbreakintheunityoftheCatholicChurch. 18。WhenthePoperefusedtorecognizedHenry’smarriagewithAnneBoleyn，BritishParliamentin1534passedtheActof會(huì)的法令）whichmarkedtheformalbreakoftheBritishwiththePapalauthorities。 19Ignatius()andhisfollowerscalledthemselvesthe會(huì)會(huì)士)membersoftheSocietyofJesus(耶穌會(huì)). 20.JohnCalvinputhistheologicalthoughtsinhisInstitutesoftheChristianReligion(《基督教原理》)whichwasconsideredoneofthemostinfluentialtheologicalworksofalltimes. 21.TheProtestantgroupinFrancewasknownastheHuguenots(徒）whoserivalrywiththeCatholicChurchledtothewarsofreligionfrom1562to1598. 22.In1492theMoors（摩爾人）thathadruledSpainforfourcenturiesdrivenoutfromtheirlaststronghold.23。In1492ColumbusdiscoveredAmericanandclaimedAmericaforSpain.24。TheauthorofDonQuixote）isCervante（塞萬提斯). 25AlbrechtDürerwastheleaderoftheRenaissanceinGermany.Hisengravingsareunsurpassedandhispaintingsofanimalsandplantsareexceedinglysensitive. 26。UnderthereignofElizabethI,Englandbegantoembarkontheroadtocolonizationandforeigncontrolthatwastotakeitontoitsheydayofcapitalistdevelopment. 27。ThomasMorewasagreathumanistduringtheRenaissance.AmonghiswritingsthebestknownisUtopia。 28。CervantescrownedliteratureofSpainandShakespeareofEnglandduringRenaissance. 29。TheRenaissancewasthegoldenageofgeographicaldiscoveries:bytheof1600thesurfaceoftheknownearthwasdoubled。30.ColumbuswasaGenoese—bornnavigatoranddiscovereroftheNew。31。DiaswasaPortuguesenavigatorwhodiscoveredtheCapeofGoodHope。32.VascodaGaa達(dá)伽馬)wasaPortuguesenavigator,whodiscoveredtheroutetoIndiaroundtheCapeofGoodHopebetweentheyearof1497and1498。 33.Amerigo)wastheItaliannavigatorinwhoseAmericawasnamed 34。AmerigoVespuccidiscoveredandexploredthemouthoftheAmazon（遜河）andacceptedSouthAmericaasanewcontinent.35.Copernicus（哥白尼）cametobeknownasfatherofmodernastronomy。 36。DuringhislifetimeLeonardodaVincidissectedmorethanthirtycorpsewasagreatanatomistinItaly. 37。AndreasVesaliuswasthefounderofmodern。維塞利亞斯（1514—1564）解剖學(xué)的奠基人，他的主要作品《人體結(jié)構(gòu)（Fabrica,1543年)進(jìn)行細(xì)致的解剖基礎(chǔ)上. 38VesaliuswasaFlemishanatomist.HisworkFabric）thebeginningofanewerainthestudyofanatomy(解剖學(xué))。39。Machiavelli（馬基雅弗利）wascalled“Fatherofpoliticalscience”inthe（政治學(xué)之父） 40.TheReformationshatteredMedievalChurch's沉悶的；令人窒息的controlovermanthuspavingthewayforcapitalism。Choice:1WheredidtheRenaissancestartwiththefloweringofpaintingssculpturearchitecture?inGreeceandRome 。inFlorenceandVeniceC。inMilanandFlorence D。inItalyand2.WhendidtheRenaissancereachitsheightwithitscentermovingtoMilan,toRome,andcreatedHighRenaissance?inthecentury B。inthe15thcenturyC.inthe16thcentury D。inthe17thcentury3.WhichofthefollowingworksiswrittenbyBoccaccio？A。Decameron B.Canzoniers C。David D。Moses4。Whoistheauthorofthepainting，KissofJudas?(見下圖）Giotto(喬托:意大利畫家、雕刻家、建筑師）Brunelleschi C。Donatello D。Giorgione 5.WhichofthefollowingHighRenaissanceartistsisthefatherofthemodeofpainting?Raphael B.Titian C.daVinci DMichelangelo 6.WhichofthefollowingHighRenaissanceartistswasbestknownforMadonna(VirginA。Titian B.daVinci C.Michelangelo D.Raphael 7WhichofthefollowingpaintingswasbasedonthestoryintheBiblewithridingonadonkeyreadytofacethehardshipahead?Tempesta B.SacredandProfaneLoveC。FlightintoEgypt(見下圖） D。TheReturnoftheHuntersKissofJudas FlightintoEgypt(逃往埃及)WhotookupthetranslationoftheBibleintoEnglishforthefirsttime?JanHus 。JohnWyliff C.MartinLuther D。JohnCalvinWhoistheauthorInstitutesoftheChristianReligion?JohnWycliff B.JanHus C.JohnCalvin D.ErasmusInwhosereigndidtheformalbreakoftheBritishwiththepapal( 教皇制度的authoritiestakeplace？ElizabethI B.WilliamI C。EdwardIII D。HenryVIII。AftertheformalbreakoftheBritishwiththepapalauthoritieswhowasheadofthechurch？A.King B.Pope C。Bishop D。Queen12。WhichofthefollowingworkswaswrittenbyRabelais(拉拍雷）,inwhichhepraisesthegreatnessofman，expresseshisloveofloveandhisreverenceandsympathyforhumanistlearning?A。GargantuaandPantagruel B.DonQuixoteC。ThePraiseofFolly D。Utopia13。Whosemottoputdowninhisessays“WhatdoIKnow？isworldfamous?Cervantes B.RabelaisC.Montaigne(蒙田:法國人文主義思想家）D.Shakespeare14.WhichofthefollowingworksisworthreadingforMontaigne'shumanistideasandastylewhichiseasyandfamiliar？A。Sonnets 。Decameron C.Rabelais D.OfRepentance15.WhichofthefollowingisNOTFrenchwriterpoet？Cervantes B。PierredeRonsard C.Rabelais D。Montaigne16。In1516whopublishedthefirstGreekeditionoftheNewA。Bruegel 。Erasmus（伊拉茲馬斯C。ElGreco D。Rabelais17.“Tobe,ornotto——thatisthequestion”isfromwhoseworks?A。Chaucer B。Dante C.RogerBacon D。ShakespeareChapterSixCultureintheEnlightenmentI.Fillintheblanks:1。TheEnlightenmentwasanintellectualmovementoriginatinginFranceattractedwidespreadsupportamongtherulingandintellectualclassesofEuropeandNorthAmericainthesecondhalfofthecentury.2。TheEnlightenmentissometimescalledtheAgeofReasonbecauseitcharacterizestheeffortsbycertainEuropeanwriterstousecriticalreasontofreemindsfromprejudice，unexaminedauthorityandoppressionbyChurchorState。 3.ThemostimportantforerunnersoftheEnlightenmentweretwo17thcenturyEnglishmenJohnLocke（洛克）andIsaacNewton. 4ThemajorforceoftheEnlightenmentwastheFrenchphilosophersthemweresuchwell—knownmenoflettersasMontesquieu（孟德斯鳩andRousseau。 5Diderotwhoeditedthefamousencyclopedia,wasalsoanimportantEnlightenmentfigure. 6.Inartandliterature，whatcoincidedwiththeAgeofReasonwasaperiodcalledneo-classicism。 7。InAmerican，TheAmericanWarofIndependenceof1776endedBritishcolonialruleoverthatcountry。 8。TheseizureofBastille（攻占巴士底獄)markedtheendoftheFrenchmonarchy,andtheFirstFrenchRepublicwasbornin。 9。TheIndustrialRevolution(1760-1840),beginningwiththeinventionofthesteamenginerapidlychangedthefaceoftheworldandusheredinacompletelynewage. 10。Montesquieu’sdoctrinesoftheseparationofpowersbecameoneofthemostimportantprinciplesofthe。S.constitution. InTheOriginofHumanInequalityRousseauarguesthatthesocialordercivilizedsocietyintroduceinequalityandunhappiness.Thissocialorderrestsuponprivateproperty. 12。BesidesHobbesandLocke,Rousseauisalsofamousforhistheoryofcontract. 13。InElementsofPhysiology,Diderotdevelopedhismaterialistphilosophyfore-shadowedthedoctrineofevolutionsaslaterproposedbyCharlesDarwin. 14MontesquieuisthefirstofthegreatFrenchmenoflettersassociatedwithEnlightenment。 15.Poperepresentedtherationalisticneoclassicaltendencyin literatureandoftenbeencalledthespokesmaninverseoftheAgeof。 16。InAModestProposal,SwiftbitterlycriticizestheBritishGovernmentsuggestingthatthechildrenbefattenandeaten.Thisessayhasbeenregardedbymanyasthemostsavagesinglepieceofironicalsatireeverwritten. 17.Richardson,novelist,isoftencalledthefounderoftheEnglishdomesticHistypeofnoveliscalledtheepistolarynovel（書信體小說）.18.Fielding，novelist，dramatistandessayist,wascalledbySirWalterScottthe“FatheroftheEnglishnovel”.19。JohnsonwastheeditorofADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage(1747—1755）,thefirstgreatEnglishdictionary. 20.In18th-centuryEngland，twowritersmustbementionedasfarasperiodicalessayisconcerned：AddisonandSteele. 21。BothAddisonandSteelecontributedtoTheTatlerandTheseriesofperiodicalessays. 22。Gulliver'sTravelsisSwift'sbest，asocia