考研考博-英語-凱里學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-凱里學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

修剪樹木可能是為了確保樹木有一個所要求的形狀或大小。

傳統(tǒng)上，電視一直是一種大眾轉(zhuǎn)播傳媒。我們對電視最熟悉，因為它以一種相似的形式存在近50年了。

你可以相信，一個作家付出的努力越大，寫作效果就會越好，得到的回報也就越大。

一個婦女當(dāng)她扮演起多重角色的時候，她會感到更加幸福。

很明顯，在一種體制下，如果每一項決定都只是根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣來做，那么，社會就會很難進(jìn)步。

【答案】Thepurposeofpruningtreesistoensurethatthetreeshaveadesignedshapeorsize.

Traditionally,TVhadbeenakindofpopularbroadcastmedia.Wearemostfamiliarwithtelevision,foritisasimilarformofexistencefornearly50years.

Itisbelievedthatthemoreeffortawritermakesthebettereffecthewouldobtainandthegreaterresultshewillreceive.

Awomanwhoplaysmanyroleswouldfeelhappier.

Obviously,inasystem,ifeverydecisionmakingisbasedontraditionalhabits,thesocietywouldbeverydifficulttodevelop.

2.單選題

Tryingto（）thebestcourseofactioninthefaceofthedecliningmarket,heconsultedCharlesBillwhohadworkedforaleadingfirminChicagoasmarketingconsultantformanyyears.

問題1選項

A.reasonout

B.markout

C.spellout

D.sendout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。reasonout“推理出，推論出”；markout“規(guī)劃；制定”；spellout“講清楚”；sendout“發(fā)送，派遣”。根據(jù)后面heconsultedCharlesBill“他咨詢了查爾斯?比爾”可知他是“為了制定最好的行動方案來面對衰退的市場”，因此選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

Toomuch（

）toX-rayscancauseskinburns,cancerorotherdamagetothebody.

問題1選項

A.disclosure

B.exhibition

C.contact

D.exposure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“揭露，揭發(fā)”；B選項“展示”；C選項“聯(lián)系，接觸”；D選項“暴露”。句意：太多（）在X光線上會導(dǎo)致曬傷，癌癥以及身體其他部位的損傷。答案選D，暴露在X-光里。C選項一般表用郵件或者電話聯(lián)系或接觸，所以不能選。

4.單選題

Englandbecameunifiedlateinthe15thcentury.OnBosworthField,in1485,HenryTudorputanendtothecivilstrifeoftheWarsoftheRosesandcrownedhimselfHenryVII.Forcefullybringingrecalcitrantnoblestoheel,hestrengthenedhisauthority.Forthefirsttimeinnearlyacentury,thecountryhadstabilityingovernmentandaconsiderabledegreeofpeaceandprosperity.Henry,therefore,coulddevotehisattentiontothepromotionofcommerce.HeencouragedEnglishmerchantstoenterforeigntrade,supportedtheformationoftradingcompanies,andrestrictedtheactivitiesoftheforeignmerchantsinLondonandBristol,whohadmonopolizedtrade.ColumbusevensenthisbrothertoEnglandwhenhefailedtoobtainsupportfromthePortugueseorSpanishKingsforhisproposalthatCathaycouldbereachedbysailingwestacrosstheAtlantic.HenryVIIagreedtofinancethevoyageandurgedColumbustocomeatoncetoEngland.But,beforethelatterleftSpain,theSpanishmonarchsexperiencedachangeofheartandsupportedthevoyagethatwastogiveSpainanempire.

Meanwhile,HenryVIInevergaveuphishopeofobtainingforEnglandashareoftherichEasterntrade.BritishmerchantsestablishedatradelinkwithIcelandabout1490.AndencouragedbynewsofColumbus'voyage,onMarch5,1496,HenryVIIgrantedletters-patenttothe"well-belovedJohnCabot"andhisthreesonstosailacrosstheAtlantictoAsia.AnItalian-bornnavigator,CabothadlivedinEnglandsince1484.Asayouth,hehadvisitedtheEast,andwhenhearrivedinLondonhehadalreadydecidedthatanall-waterroutecouldbefoundtothetradingcentersthere.HemayhavemadeafewtripstoIcelandbeforetheKingcommissionedhistrans-Atlanticvoyage.

InMayof1497,CabotleftBristolwithacrewof18and,afteravoyageof52daysacrosstheNorthAtlantic,landedonCapeBretonIslandandtookpossessionofthelandforHenryVII.Fromthere,heexploredseveralislandsintheGulfofSt.LawrenceandinAugustreturnedtoEnglandandthepraiseofHenryVII,whograntedhimnewletters-patent.WhenCabotsailedagain,in1498,hehadperhaps5or6ships,whosecrewstotaledsome300men.TheKingpersonallyfinancedasubstantialportionoftheexpedition'scost.Onhissecondvoyage,CabotprobablyexploredtheNorthAmericancoastfromNewfoundlandsouthtotheDelawareorChesapeakeBays.

HavingfailedtofindtheshoresofCathay(China)orCipango(Japan),theEnglishturnedintheoppositedirection.HenryⅦ’sson,HenryⅧ——betterknownforhismartialinvolvementandhisbreakwiththePope——enthusiasticallybegantobuild“afleetthelikeofwhichtheworldhasneverseen.”JohnCabot’sson,Sebastian,becamearenownednavigator.AfterservingSpainforanumberofyears,hereturnedtoEnglandandopenedthenorthernsea-landroutetoMoscow.HealsohelpedfoundthecompanyofMerchant-Adventurers,predecessoroftheMuscovyCompany,andbecameitspresidentforlife.

Thus,fornearlyacentury,England'sinterestwasdivertedfromtheNewWorldandherenergieswereconcentratedonthedevelopmentofacommercialempireandamerchantfleetthatbecamesecondtononeinEurope.ButJohnCabothadgivenEnglandaclaimtothenorthernshoresoftheNewWorld,andinthecourseoftimethe"seadogs"andotherEnglishmarinersweretobreathenewlifeintoit.

1.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementisbestsupportedbyinformationinthepassage?

3.TheauthorcitesColumbuschieflyto

（

）.

4.AccordingtothePassage,SebastianCabotandChristopherColumbus（

）.

5.TheauthorsuggeststhatHenryⅦ'sinterestinnavigationwaschiefly

（

）.

6.AccordingtothepassageHenryⅦ'spoliciesincludedallofthefollowingEXCEPT

（

）.

7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbyinformationinthepassage?

8.Forthepurposesofthispassage,theendofthewarsoftheRoseswasimportantchieflybecause

（

）.

9.Forthepurposesofthispassage,JohnCabot'sprincipalimportanceisthathe

（

）.

10.Accordingtothepassage,theinitialvoyagesofChristopherColumbusandJohnCabotweremotivatedchieflybyadesire（

）.

問題1選項

A.recounttheCabots'contributionstoEngland'scommercialdevelopment.

B.demonstratethefar-sightednessoftheTudormonarchs.

C.explainEngland'searlyinvolvementwiththeNewWorld.

D.analyzethelate15thcenturycompetitionbetweenEnglandandSpain.

問題2選項

A.HenryⅦfollowedhisfather'spolicyofrapidexplorationoftheNewWorld.

B.England'ssuperiormerchantfleetwasestablishedbeforeherinitialvoyagestotheNewWorld.

C.HenryⅧ’sfamerestsmainlyonhisestablishmentofacommercialempire.

D.SebastianCabotestablishedasea-landroutetoMoscowduringHenryVIII'sreign.

問題3選項

A.EmphasizethecompetitionbetweenEnglandandSpain

B.illustratedthedisloyaltyofSpanishnavigators

C.demonstratethatEnglandtrailedherchiefrivalsinexploration

D.illustrateHenryⅦ'sinterestinpromotingcommerce

問題4選項

A.competedwitheachothertofindnewroutestotheNewWorld

B.discoveredcontinents

C.establishedtradingcompanies

D.workedforSpanishmonarchs

問題5選項

A.commercial

B.military

C.political

D.educational

問題6選項

A.financingofforeign-bornvoyagers

B.useofforceinsubduingEnglishnobles

C.encouragementofforeignmerchantsinEngland

D.formationoftradingcompanies

問題7選項

A.Someearlyvoyagerswerewillingtoservewhateverkingwouldfinancetheirexpeditions.

B.HenryVIIwishedtoreachtheNewWorldbeforeSpaindid.

C.Mostearlyvoyagerswerenotwellcompensatedfortheirdiscoveries.

D.EnglishmonarchswerequicktorecognizetheimportanceofthediscoveryoftheNewWorld.

問題8選項

A.itestablishedtheTudordynastyinEngland

B.itbroughtabenevolentkingtotheEnglishthrone

C.itunitedEngland,Scotland,andWales

D.theensuingpeaceallowedcommercialdevelopment

問題9選項

A.establishedEngland'sclaimintheNewWorld

B.openednewcommercialroutestotheEast

C.gaveEnglandnavalsupremacyinEurope

D.provedthatall-waterroutestomajortradingcentersexisted

問題10選項

A.tofindaroutetoAsia

B.forpersonalgain

C.todiscovernewlands

D.toincreasetheirmonarchs'empires

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:D

第10題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文第一段介紹了亨利七世統(tǒng)治英格蘭期間當(dāng)時的社會背景環(huán)境以及他注重商業(yè)發(fā)展、鼓勵海外貿(mào)易。亨利七世原本答應(yīng)支持哥倫布的航海計劃，但最終由西班牙君主資助；第二段介紹亨利七世授權(quán)約翰?卡伯特及其兒子跨越大西洋航行至亞洲以及約翰?卡伯特的簡介；第三段介紹了約翰?卡伯特的航行為英國發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的土地；第四段介紹了亨利八世和約翰?卡伯特的兒子的成就；最后一段介紹英國將注意力從發(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸轉(zhuǎn)向發(fā)展為商業(yè)帝國。因此本文的主旨為約翰?卡伯特為英國航海及商業(yè)作出的貢獻(xiàn)，A選項“講述卡伯特對英國商業(yè)發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的AfterservingSpainforanumberofyears,hereturnedtoEnglandandopenedthenorthernsea-landroutetoMoscow.（在西班牙服務(wù)多年后，他回到英國，開啟了通往莫斯科的海路航線）可知D選項“在亨利八世統(tǒng)治期間，塞巴斯蒂安?卡伯特建立了一條通往莫斯科的海陸航線”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Henry,therefore,coulddevotehisattentiontothepromotionofcommerce.HeencouragedEnglishmerchantstoenterforeigntrade,supportedtheformationoftradingcompanies...HenryVIIagreedtofinancethevoyageandurgedColumbustocomeatoncetoEngland.（因此，亨利可以把他的注意力集中在促進(jìn)商業(yè)上。他鼓勵英國商人從事對外貿(mào)易，支持貿(mào)易公司的成立……亨利七世同意為這次航行提供資金，并敦促哥倫布立即來到英國）可知D選項“證明亨利七世對促進(jìn)商業(yè)貿(mào)易發(fā)展興趣”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的AfterservingSpainforanumberofyears,hereturnedtoEnglandandopenedthenorthernsea-landroutetoMoscow.（在西班牙服務(wù)多年后，他回到英國，開啟了通往莫斯科的海路航線）可知塞巴斯蒂安?卡伯特以前也為西班牙君主服務(wù)，因此選D。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Henry,therefore,coulddevotehisattentiontothepromotionofcommerce.（因此，亨利可以把他的注意力集中在促進(jìn)商業(yè)上）可知作者認(rèn)為亨利七世對航海的興趣主要是商業(yè)方面的，因此選A。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的restrictedtheactivitiesoftheforeignmerchantsinLondonandBristol（限制外國商人在倫敦和布里斯托爾的活動）可知C選項“鼓勵在英國的外國商人”符合題意。

7.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的ColumbusevensenthisbrothertoEnglandwhenhefailedtoobtainsupportfromthePortugueseorSpanishKingsforhisproposalthatCathaycouldbereachedbysailingwestacrosstheAtlantic.（哥倫布提議橫渡大西洋向西航行就可以抵達(dá)中國，當(dāng)沒有得到葡萄牙或西班牙國王的支持時，哥倫布甚至把他的兄弟送到了英國）可知A選項“早期的一些航行家愿意服務(wù)于任何給他們資助的國王”符合題意。

8.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Forthefirsttimeinnearlyacentury,thecountryhadstabilityingovernmentandaconsiderabledegreeofpeaceandprosperity.（近一個世紀(jì)來，這個國家首次實現(xiàn)了政府的穩(wěn)定和保持了相當(dāng)程度的和平與繁榮）可知D選項“隨之而來的和平使商業(yè)發(fā)展得以實現(xiàn)”符合題意。

9.推理判斷題。B選項“開辟通往東方的新商業(yè)路線”與C選項“賦予英國海軍在歐洲的霸主地位”在文章中沒有提及到，故排除。A選項“確立了英國在新大陸的主權(quán)”與D選項“證明通往主要貿(mào)易中心的水路是存在的”都屬于JohnCabot的貢獻(xiàn)，但其最重要的貢獻(xiàn)是D選項。

10.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的ColumbusevensenthisbrothertoEnglandwhenhefailedtoobtainsupportfromthePortugueseorSpanishKingsforhisproposalthatCathaycouldbereachedbysailingwestacrosstheAtlantic.（哥倫布提議橫渡大西洋向西航行就可以抵達(dá)中國，當(dāng)沒有得到葡萄牙或西班牙國王的支持時，哥倫布甚至把他的兄弟送到了英國）和第二段中的AndencouragedbynewsofColumbus'voyage,onMarch5,1496,HenryVIIgrantedletters-patenttothe"well-belovedJohnCabot"andhisthreesonstosailacrosstheAtlantictoAsia.（1496年3月5日，在哥倫布航海的消息的鼓舞下，亨利七世授予“深愛的約翰?卡伯特”和他的三個兒子跨越大西洋航行至亞洲）可知ChristopherColumbus和JohnCabot最初航行的目的是到達(dá)亞洲，因此選A。

5.單選題

Thecheerful,livelymelodyofdancemusic（

）almostallthewearysoldiers.

問題1選項

A.drained

B.diverted

C.renewed

D.revived

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。drain“喝光，排水，流干”；divert“轉(zhuǎn)移；使……轉(zhuǎn)向”；renew“使更新；續(xù)借”；revive“使復(fù)興；使蘇醒”。句意：這支充滿活力的歡快舞曲使那位筋疲力盡的士兵振奮起來。選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

Althoughthemodellooksgoodonthesurface,itwillnotbearclose（）.

問題1選項

A.temperament

B.contamination

C.scrutiny

D.symmetry

【答案】C

【解析】句意：盡管這個模特表面上看起來很漂亮，可（）就不行了。A選項temperament性格，氣質(zhì)；B選項contamination污染；C選項scrutiny細(xì)看；仔細(xì)觀察；D選項symmetry對稱。itwillnotbearclosescrutiny意為“細(xì)看就不行了”。

7.單選題

Inordertocontrolanddefeatthedreadfuldiseasesthat____humanity,concertedactivityisnecessary.

問題1選項

A.infect

B.eliminate

C.incredulous

D.plague

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.infect感染；傳染B.eliminate消除；排除

C.incredulous懷疑的；不輕信的D.plague困擾；折磨

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】首先，空格處是從句謂語，應(yīng)填入一個動詞，其次，該詞的賓語為人類，主語為致命的疾病，D選項plague“困擾；折磨”符合語義邏輯。

【干擾項排除】

A選項infect“感染，傳染”，沒有足夠的信息表明疾病是傳染?。?/p>

B選項eliminate“消除；排除”，疾病還不足以消滅人類；

C選項incredulous“懷疑的；不輕信的”，該詞為形容詞，非動詞，不符合語境。

【句意】為了控制和戰(zhàn)勝困擾人類的致命的疾病，協(xié)調(diào)一致的行動是必要的。

8.單選題

AconsiderablepartofFacebook’sappealstemsfromitsmiraculousfusionofdistancewithintimacy,ortheillusionofdistancewiththeillusionofintimacy.Ouronlinecommunitiesbecomeenginesofself-image,andself-imagebecomestheengineofcommunity.TherealdangerwithFacebookisnotthatitallowsustoisolateourselves,butthatbymixingourappetiteforisolationwithourvanity,itthreatenstoaltertheverynatureofsolitude.ThenewisolationisnotofthekindthatAmericansonceidealized,thelonesomenessoftheproudlynonconformist,independent-minded,solitarystoic,orthatoftheastronautwhoblastsintonewworlds.Facebook’sisolationisagrind.What’strulystaggeringaboutFacebookusageisnotitsvolume—750millionphotographsuploadedoverasingleweekend—buttheconstancyoftheperformanceitdemands.Morethanhalfitsusers—andoneofevery13peopleonEarthisaFacebookuser—logoneveryday.Among18-to-34-year-olds,nearlyhalfcheckFacebookminutesafterwakingup,and28percentdosobeforegettingoutofbed.Therelentlessnessiswhatissonew,sopotentiallytransformative.Facebooknevertakesabreak.Wenevertakeabreak.Humanbeingshavealwayscreatedelaborateactsofself-presentation.Butnotallthetime,noteverymorning,beforeweevenpouracupofcoffee.

Nostalgiaforthegoodolddaysofdisconnectionwouldnotjustbepointless,itwouldbehypocriticalandungrateful.Buttheverymagicofthenewmachines,theefficiencyandelegancewithwhichtheyserveus,obscureswhatisn’tbeingserved:everythingthatmatters.WhatFacebookhasrevealedabouthumannature—andthisisnotaminorrevelation—isthataconnectionisnotthesamethingasabond,andthatinstantandtotalconnectionisnosalvation,notickettoahappier,betterworldoramoreliberatedversionofhumanity.Solitudeusedtobegoodforself-reflectionandself-reinvention.Butnowwearelefttalkingaboutwhoweareallthetime,withouteverreallythinkingaboutwhoweare.Facebookdeniesusapleasurewhoseprofunditywehadunderestimated:thechancetoforgetaboutourselvesforawhile,thechancetodisconnect.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthepowerofFacebookcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

2.hichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheundersideofFacebookissupportedbythe

informationcontainedinthispassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingbeststates“thenewisolation”mentionedbytheauthor?

4.Whichofthefollowingbelongstothecategoryof“everythingthatmatters”accordingtothepassage?

5.WhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutFacebookdoestheauthorwantustodraw?

問題1選項

A.Itcreatestheisolationpeoplewant.

B.Itdeliversamorefriendlyworld.

C.Itproducesintimacypeoplelackintherealworld.

D.Itenablesustobesocialwhileavoidingthemessofhumaninteraction.

問題2選項

A.Itimprisonspeopleinthebusinessofself-presentation.

B.Itcausessocialdisintegration.

C.Itmakespeoplevainer.

D.Itmakespeoplelonelier.

問題3選項

A.Itisfullofthespiritofadventure.

B.Itistheextensionofindividualism.

C.Ithasatouchofnarcissism.

D.Itevolvesfromtheappetiteforindependence.

問題4選項

A.Constantconnection.

B.Instantcommunication.

C.Smoothsociability.

D.Ahumanbond.

問題5選項

A.Itcreatesfriendship.

B.Itdeniesusthepleasureofsocializing.

C.Itopensanewworldforus.

D.Itdrawsusintoaparadox.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：從這篇文章中，我們可以推斷出以下哪個關(guān)于Facebook力量的陳述？根據(jù)第一段第三句“butthatbymixingourappetiteforisolationwithourvanity”可知Facebook給予了人們想要的孤獨，同時又滿足了人們自戀的心理。選項A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：以下哪一項關(guān)于Facebook的負(fù)面陳述得到了這篇文章所包含信息的支持？根據(jù)第一段第三句“butthatbymixingourappetiteforisolationwithourvanity”以及最后兩句“Humanbeingshavealwayscreatedelaborateactsofself-presentation.Butnotallthetime,noteverymorning”可知Facebook讓人們變得越來越虛榮，時刻想著去展示自己。原文中的vanity與選項C中的vanier是同根詞。因此選型C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：作者提到的“新孤立”，以下哪一種表述最好？由題干中關(guān)鍵詞“thenewisolation”定位到第一段第四句。前文中提到“…itthreatenstoaltertheverynatureofsolitude”，加上第一段最后兩句“Humanbeingshavealwayscreatedelaborateactsofself-presentation.Butnotallthetime,noteverymorning”，可知Facebook改變了孤獨的本質(zhì)，人們時時刻刻想著在Facebook上展現(xiàn)自我（自戀）。因此選項C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：根據(jù)短文，下列哪一項屬于“每一樣重要的東西”范疇？由題干中關(guān)鍵詞“eveverythingthatmatters”定位到第二段第二句。由第二段第三句中“…isthatconnetionisnotthtesamethingasabond,andthatinstantandtotalconnectionisnosalvation,notickettoahappier,betterworldprmoreliberatedversionofhumanity”可知instantandtotalconnections與abond不同，是不太重要的東西。由此可推出ahumanbond是重要的東西。因此選項D符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：關(guān)于Facebook，作者希望我們得出以下哪一結(jié)論？根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Facebookdeniesusapleasurewhoseprofunditywehadunderestimated:thechancetoforgetaboutourselvesforawhile,thechancetodisconnect”，作者認(rèn)為Facebook奪走了我們的快樂，而我們低估了這種快樂的深奧之處。因此選項B符合題意。

9.單選題

Thedifferencebetweenavianfluandhumanfluthatshouldbecommandingourraptattentiontodayisthatavianinfluenza,specificallytheH5N1strainknownasbirdflu,threatenstobecometheyoungpeople’splague.Anditisagrowingcontendertocauseadevastatingworldwidepandemicinthenextfewyears.

Wearetoousedtothinkingoffluasanannualannoyancethatkillsonlythefrailandelderly.Butthatjustisn’tthecaseforH5N1.Withamortalityrateofover50percent,thisbirdfluhaskilledover110people,strikingtheyoungandable-bodiedthehardest.Itsvictimsclusterpredominantlyamong5-to-30-year-old,apatternthathasheldupinthe34knowntohavediedfrombirdflusofarthisyear.

Thisvulnerabilitymaystemfromtherobustandfast-respondingimmunesystemsoftheyoung.Thevictimsoverreacttothealienvirus,triggeringamassiveimmuneresponsecalledacytokinestorm,turninghealthylungsintoasoddenmassofdyingtissuescongestedwithblood,toxicfluid,andrampaginginflammatorycells.Asairspaceschokeoff,thebodylosesoxygenandotherorgansfail.

ScientistshaverecentlyshownthatH5N1hasominousparallelswiththedevastating1918flupandemic,whichalsojumpeddirectlytohumansfrombirdsanddisproportionatelyattackedtheyoungandthestrong.Withapatternhighlysuggestiveofacytokinestorm,deathsometimescamewithinjusthours,turningmanyWorldWarItroopshipsintodeathships.

Nowimaginehundredsofthousandsofyoungpeoplelaboringonrespirators,orlyingaloneincorridorsandmakeshifthospitalrooms,toosicktobehelpedwhenthesupplyofbeds,equipment,andtrainedstaffrunout.Seemlikehype?Nottothemedicalexpertswhodiscussedthesescenariosduringlastweek’st/.5*.NewsHealthSummitonemergencypreparedness.

ThispictureputsafaceontheU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,projectionsthat,if

H5N1mutatesintoareadilyhuman-transmissiblefrom209,000to1.9millionAmericanscoulddie.PartofourreadinessthinkingshouldbetoheedthebluntwordsofHHSSecretaryMichaelLeavittatthesummit:Anyfamilyorcommunitythatfailstopreparefortheworst,withtheexpectationthatthefederalorstategovernmentwillcometotherescue,willbe“tragicallywrong.”Inapandemic,thegovernment’smedicalresourceswillbestretchedthin,anditwon’tbeabletoguaranteefirst-linehelptoanyhometown,localhospital,orcollegecampus.EventhenationalstockpileofTamiflu,theantiviralthatisthebestwehavetopreventorlessentheimpactoftheillness,hasitslimits.IfacollegestudentishospitalizedwithapossibleH5N1infection,thefedswillprovidedrugs.Buttheywillnotmakeitavailabletofendoffthevirusinthemanyotherswhomayhavecomeinclosecontactwiththeinfectedstudent.IntheexistingfederalguidanceonH5N1,theyoungandhealthyfallintothelowest-prioritygroupforantiviraldrugsandvaccines.Studenthealthcentersorotherprovidershadbetterscroungeuptheirownstockpiles.Containingpossibleoutbreaksoncollegecampusesmaybeallbutimpossible.Socialdistancing—avoidingclosecontactwithotherpeoplewithairkissesinsteadofsmooches,orevenbydonningmasksandgloves—willbetoughtoenforce.

Thethreatposesauniquelydifficultchallenge.Inthebestofallscenarios,theviruswillloseitsfuryandleaveinitswakeanewcultureofindividualandcommunitypreparedness.Butweneedtogetreadynow,andnotforthebestscenariobutfortheworst.

1.Thedifferencebetweenavianfluandhumanfluisthat（

）.

2.Thereasonthatbirdflustrikestheyoungandable-bodiedthehardestmaybe（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichisthebestsourcethatcollegestudentscanrelyuponifthereareoutbreaksofbirdfluoncollegecampuses?

4.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（

）.

問題1選項

A.theavianflushouldbecommandingourraptattention

B.theavianflumainlythreatenstheyoungpeople

C.theavianfluistocauseadevastatingworldwidepandemicinthenextfewyears

D.theavianfluisanannualannoyancethatkillsonlythefrailandelderly

問題2選項

A.thebodylosesoxygenandotherorgansfail

B.asoddenmassofdyingtissues

C.theenthusiasticimmunesystemsoftheyoung

D.theoverreactionofblood,toxicfluid,andrampaginginflammatorycells

問題3選項

A.ThenationalstockpileofTamiflu.

B.Thegovernment’smedicalresources.

C.Drugsprovidedbythefeds.

D.Thestockpileofthestudents’healthcenters.

問題4選項

A.itisimpossiblethatbirdfluoutbreaksoncollegecampuses

B.thereasonthatbirdflumayimpossiblyoutbreakoncollegecampusesisthatsocialdistancingwillbetoughtoenforcethere

C.bothindividualsandcommunitiesshouldbepreparedforthethreat

D.weneedtogetreadynowfortheworstscenariopreparedforthefuryofbirdflu

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞differencebetweenavianfluandhumanflu定位至第一段:differencebetween...threatenstobecometheyoungpeople’splague.故B項正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞strikestheyoung定位至第三段:Thisvulnerabilitymaystemfromtherobustandfast-respondingimmunesystemsoftheyoung,即原因是免疫系統(tǒng)太好了，過度防御造成的。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞outbreaksofbirdfluoncollege定位至第六段第五句,C項是thefedswillprovidedrugs的復(fù)現(xiàn)。

4.推斷題。文章最后一段最后一句與選項D重現(xiàn)。

10.單選題

Itisestimatedthatascientificprinciplehasalifeexpectancyofapproximatelyadecadebeforeitdrasticallyrevisedorreplacedbynewerinformation.

問題1選項

A.estimated

B.alifeexpectancy

C.decade

D.itdrastically

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)題中itisestimated可知，D項應(yīng)該也為被動語態(tài)itisdrasticallyrevised，構(gòu)成并列結(jié)構(gòu)，句意：據(jù)估計，在一項科學(xué)原則被新的信息徹底地修改和更新之前，預(yù)期的壽命大概是十年。選項D符合題意。

11.單選題

Thereisnotthewomanbornwhodesirestoeatthebreadofdependence,nomatter(

)fromthehandoffather,husband,orbrother;foranyonewhodoessoeatherbreadplacesherselfinthepoweroftheperson（）shetakesit.

問題1選項

A.whethertheybefromwhich

B.whetheritbe...fromwhom

C.wouldtheybefromwhom

D.woulditbe…fromwhich

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：世上沒有生來就想靠別人吃飯的女人，無論是靠父親、丈夫還是兄弟；因為任何一個人這樣做的話，就是將自己置于施舍之人的權(quán)利之下。根據(jù)句意可知，第一空主要是需要明確from的主語應(yīng)該是“thebread”，所以應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式的it來指代，由此可排除選項A和選項C；其次第二空的先行詞是theperson，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用whom，所以選項B正確。

12.填空題

Thesedrugs________alertness,elevatemood,anddecreasefatigueandtheneedforsleep,buttheyoftenmakeusersirritableandtalkative.(height)

【答案】heighten

【解析】【考查點】動詞。

【解題思路】Thesedrugs為句子主語，橫線處為謂語動詞。結(jié)合語境，這里先列出了這些藥物的治療功效，然后列出藥物副作用，其中一個功效就是_____警覺性，heighten的意思為“（使）加強，提高，增加”，符合語境。

【句意】這些藥物會提高警覺性，改善情緒，減少疲勞和睡眠需求，但它們往往讓服用者易怒并且健談。

13.單選題

Thetraditionalappealoftheincometaxhascomefromitswideacceptanceasafairtax,closelyrelatedtoanindividual’sabilitytopay.Formanyyearstheincometaxprovidedlargefederalincomewithoutimposingheavyburdensonthegreatmajorityofpeople.Bythemid-20thcentury,however,seriouscriticismsoftaxloopholeswereheard;concertedattemptsatreformresultedonlyinamorecomplexanderodedtaxbase.Thesituationworsenedinthe1970s,asrisinginflationpushedpeopleintohighertaxbracketsalthoughtheirincomewerebarelykeepingpacewithrisingprices.Thispressurefurthererodedpublicconfidenceinthefairnessoftheincometax;atthesametimeitcreatedstrongincentivestoutilizetaxsheltersandotherloopholes,aswellastoconcealoff-the-recordincome.Built-ininflationadjustmentswereadopted,firstbyanumberofstatesandthenin1985bythefederalgovernment.

Incometaxpolicyisinevitablycontroversialbecauseitrestsessentiallyonjudgmentsthatmustbeconstantlyreconsideredassocialvalueschange.Thecomplextaskofworkingoutthemanyreductionsandexclusionstobeallowedfromincomebecausetheyeithermakeforgreaterfairnessamongtaxpayersorpromoteworthysocialgoals(suchascharitablecontributions)isboneofthemostdifficultandpoliticallysensitiveproblemsfacedbygovernments.

Anothermajorareaofdisputeiswhetherwagesandsalariesshouldbetaxedthesamewayasbusinessprofitsorinvestmentincome.WhilesomecountriesandafewU.S.statesexplicitlyapplyseparatesetsofrulestothemeasurementofdifferentkindsoftaxableincome,others,likemostU.S.stategovernments,seektotreatallsourcesofincomeinthesameway.Evenso,dissimilaritiesinevitablyarise.Somecostsofearningincomearemorereadilydeductedfrombusinessandself-employmentearningsthantheyarefromwagesandsalaries.Inflation,byerodingthevalueofcapital,distortsthemeasurementofincomefromthatsource.Complexadjustmentstothetaxlawscouldinprincipleeliminatetheseimbalances,butmostcountrieshavepreferredsimpler,morearbitrarysolutions.

1.Mostpeopleacceptincometaxasafairtaxsince____.

2.Inthe1970s,____.

3.In1985,____.

4.Whichofthefollowingincomemayenjoyareducedtaxorexclusion?

5.ThemajorityoftheUSstategovernments____.

問題1選項

A.everyindividualenjoyspublicwelfare

B.everycitizenofacountryhasthedutytopaytaxes

C.itiswithintheircapabilitytopayit

D.itiscloselyrelatedtotheindividual’sbenefits

問題2選項

A.manypeoplecalledforthecancellationofincometax

B.manypeoplequestionedthefairnessofincometax

C.inflationcausedmanypeopleunabletousetaxshelters

D.inflationrosebeyondthegovernments’control

問題3選項

A.inflationwastakenintoaccountinthefederalgovernment’sincometaxpolicy

B.inflationratewasbroughtundercontrolandincometaxratewasreduced

C.anumberofstatesmadetheirownlawagainsttherisinginflation

D.thefederalgovernmentadoptedhighertaxbracketstohelpthepoor

問題4選項

A.Off-the-recordincome.

B.Self-employmentearnings.

C.Businessearnings.

D.Incomefromcharitableactivities.

問題5選項

A.usedifferentsetsofrulesforvarioustaxableincome

B.allowforareductionforself-employmentearnings

C.treatbusinessandinvestmentincomedifferently

D.applythesamepolicytoallsourcesofincome

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

Mostpeopleacceptincometaxasafairtaxsince____.大部分人都認(rèn)為所得稅是“公平的稅”，因為____。

A.everyindividualenjoyspublicwelfareA.每個人都享有公共福利

B.everycitizenofacountryhasthedutytopaytaxe