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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京科技大學(xué)天津?qū)W院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
Thenovelcontainssomemarvelousrevealing()ofrurallifeinthe19thcentury.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.glances
B.glimpses
C.glares
D.gleamed
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)glance“瞥閃,掃視,匆匆一看”;B選項(xiàng)glimpse“瞥見”;C選項(xiàng)glare“怒目而視,瞪眼看;發(fā)出刺眼的光”;D選項(xiàng)gleamed“閃爍;隱約地閃現(xiàn)”。句意:這本小說包括對(duì)19世紀(jì)鄉(xiāng)村生活的一瞥,絕妙而富于啟發(fā)。glimpse“瞥見”,是glance的結(jié)果?!皌akeaglanceat...”(看一看)的結(jié)果便是“getaglimpseof...”(瞥見了),此句中,小說提到的是19世紀(jì)的鄉(xiāng)村生活,是結(jié)果不是看一看的動(dòng)作。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
2.單選題
MarkMoore,directoroftheNorthwestWeather,warnedskiersofthedeadlyavalanchesthathave_______themountainsofWashingtonstate,killingninepeople.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.pummeled
B.elaborated
C.executed
D.alleged
【答案】A
【解析】pummel擊,打;elaborate詳細(xì)描述;execute執(zhí)行,處死;allege宣稱,斷言。句意:西北氣象局局長(zhǎng)MarkMoore警告滑雪者,致命的雪崩襲擊了華盛頓州的山區(qū),造成9人死亡。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
3.單選題
Hisproposalis______toallofusandyoudonotneedtotellusmoreaboutit.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.apparent
B.appearing
C.approaching
D.apart
【答案】A
【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)apparent“明白易懂的;未必真實(shí)的”;B選項(xiàng)appearing“表現(xiàn)得;似乎”;C選項(xiàng)approaching“(在距離或時(shí)間上)靠近”;D選項(xiàng)apart“(指空間或時(shí)間)相隔”。句意:他的建議我們大家都______,你不需要進(jìn)一步說明。根據(jù)語境,這里指大家都明白了他的建議是怎么回事,A選項(xiàng)apparent“明白易懂的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
Pleasedonotbe(
)byhisoffensiveremarkssinceheismerelytryingtoattractattention.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.distracted
B.disregarded
C.irritated
D.intervened
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。distract“使心煩意亂”;disregard“忽視,不尊重”;irritate“刺激,激怒”;intervene“干涉,調(diào)停”。句意:請(qǐng)不要被他無禮的評(píng)論所激怒,因?yàn)樗皇窍胍鹱⒁?。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
5.單選題
InWesternhistory,workwasnotonlyausefulactivity,but()whichcarriedwithitaprofoundsatisfaction.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.theone
B.one
C.activity
D.work
【答案】B
【解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞theone,something等時(shí),不能用引導(dǎo)詞which而應(yīng)該用that,所以A選項(xiàng)可首先排除;填空處應(yīng)填入代詞來指代前面提到的work,所以選項(xiàng)B正確;填入D選項(xiàng)重復(fù),所以不正確。句意:在西方歷史上,工作不僅是一種有用的活動(dòng),而且還帶來了一種深深的滿足感。本題選擇B選項(xiàng)。
6.翻譯題
1.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese(5marks)
AfteranumberofreportsregardingthesupposedlaunchdateofApplePayinChina,themobilepaymentserviceprovidedbytheUStechgiantwithChinaUnionPayhasofficiallybecomeavailableinthecountryat5amonThursday.ChinahasbecomethefifthcountryinwhichApplehasdeployeditspaymentsystem,aftertheUS,theUK,Canada,andAustralia.Insteadofscanningabarcode,whichisrequiredbyexistingmobilepaymentservicesprovidedbyAlipayandWeChat,ApplePayuserswillutilizewhatiscallednear-fieldcommunicationtechnologytoallowcontactlessdataexchangebetweeniPhone,AppleWatchandpointofsaleterminals.
【答案】在一系列關(guān)于蘋果支付在中國上市日期的報(bào)道之后,這家美國科技巨頭與中國銀聯(lián)合作提供的移動(dòng)支付服務(wù)已于周四凌晨5點(diǎn)正式在中國上市。中國已經(jīng)成為繼美國、英國、加拿大和澳大利亞之后,蘋果第五個(gè)部署支付系統(tǒng)的國家。蘋果支付用戶將利用所謂的近場(chǎng)通信技術(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)iPhone、AppleWatch和銷售點(diǎn)終端之間的非接觸式數(shù)據(jù)交換,而不是掃描支付寶和微信提供的現(xiàn)有移動(dòng)支付服務(wù)所要求的條形碼。
7.單選題
The“EchoHouse”willdemonstratehowwecanlivewithhighlyefficientinsulation,solarheating,energyefficient______andorganicgardening.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.applicators
B.applications
C.applicants
D.appliances
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)applicators“涂藥器;敷帖器;上涂裝置”;B選項(xiàng)applications“應(yīng)用;申請(qǐng);應(yīng)用程序;敷用;(對(duì)事物、學(xué)習(xí)等)投入”;C選項(xiàng)applicants“申請(qǐng)人,申請(qǐng)者;請(qǐng)求者”;D選項(xiàng)appliances“器具;器械;裝置;應(yīng)用”。原句中有幾個(gè)并列成分:highlyefficientinsulation,solarheating,energyefficient____,和organicgardening,根據(jù)上下文,這些都是與生存環(huán)境有關(guān)的詞語,因此我們不難排除掉與此無關(guān)的選項(xiàng)A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)。另外,原句中的幾個(gè)并列成分都是具體名詞。因此可以推斷B選項(xiàng)application“應(yīng)用;申請(qǐng);應(yīng)用程序;敷用;(對(duì)事物、學(xué)習(xí)等)投入”與題意不符。句意:“回音屋”將向我們展示如何使用高效隔熱、太陽能飲食、節(jié)能電器和有機(jī)園藝來生活。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
8.單選題
Firstthegoodnews:9in10peoplesaidtheyweresatisfiedwiththeirjobsorworkthattheydo-andthatremainedsteadythroughout2008,despitetheeconomy.Andnowthebad,evenifitsnotsosurprising:Thenumberofpeoplewhosaidtheiremployerreducedthesizeoftheworkforcerosedramaticallyduringtheyear,from15%inthefirstquarterto23%inthefourthquarter.
That’saccordingtoasurveyfromGallupandhealthmanagementcompanyHealthways.Nearlyeachdayin2008,about1,000adultswereaskedabouttheirphysical,emotional,economicandworkplacewell-being.Whenitcametotheirworkenvironment,manyofthe355,334peoplesurveyedbyphonewerepositive.Butthereweresomelaborpains.
Just47%ofrespondentsfromHawaiisaidtheyweresatisfiedwiththeirjobs,usedtheirstrengthsatwork,weretreatedbyasupervisorasapartnerandworkedinan“open,trustingenvironment”.Thatwasthelowestscoreofanystateonaworkenvironmentindexthatwascompiledbycalculatingpositiveresponsesinthosefourareas.Utahnabbedtophonors,with59%ofitsrespondentssayingthosefourelementswereprevalentinworklives.AmongthebiggestdifferencesbetweenUtahandHawaii:73%ofUtahrespondentssaidtheirsupervisorcreatedatrustingenvironment,whileonly58%offolksinHawaiifeltthatway.Thenationalaveragewas65%.TheGallup—HealthwaysAHIPCongressionalReportdidn’tofferanyinsightsintowhyUtahruledandHawaiirankedsopoorlyontheworkplacefront.
Hawaii’sresidentstooktheNo.1slotinanothertwosurveyareas,emotionalhealthandlivingconditions.“Maybehavingajobwhileyou’reinparadisemaynotbeallthatgreat,”saysJimHarter,achiefscientistofworkplaceandwell-beingatGallup.
Utahhasdonewellinseparateworkplacestudies,aswell.Afterconsideringfactorssuchasunemploymentrate,jobgrowth,incomegrowth,medianhouseholdincomeandthecostofliving,Moody’sEnameditscapital,SaltLakeCity,thebestU.S.citytoworkinfor2007and2008.Butthoseglorydayshavefaded,saysGusFaucher,Moody’sEdirectorofmacroeconomics.Utah’shousingboomturnedintoabustlaterthanmoststates.ThenationalrecessionbeganinDecember2007,accordingtotheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch.SaltLakeCity’srecessionbeganinNovember2008,accordingtoMoody’sE.
Fromanon-economicangle,FauchersayshecanseewhyUtahwouldearnstrongmarksontheworkfront.“ThestateisreallyMormon,sothereisasenseofsolidarity”amongmanyemployees,hesays.“Peoplefeelveryconnectedtoeachother.”Also,withitshighbirthrate,Utahhasarobustpopulationofyoungeremployeeswhooftenaddenthusiasmtotheworkplace,Fauchersays.That’sthecaseattheWasatchMusicCoachingAcademyinSaltLakeCity,schoolownerDavidMurphysays.Mostinstructorsarebetween22and35yearsoldandareextremelypassionateandexcitedaboutteachingstudents,hesays.Murphy,52,whosayshehasa“dream”job,takesacollaborativeapproachinmanagingallstaffers,“Iseemyselfworkingsidebysidewithmystaff,notovermystaff.”
1.Whatcanweinferfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?
2.FromParagraph4,wecaninferallofthefollowingEXCEPTthat______.
3.TheauthormentionsseveralfactorsthatwillaffectthehappinessofpeopleEXCEPT:______.
4.Whichofthefollowingiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?
5.WhycouldUtahearnstrongmarksontheworkfront?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Theeconomyof2008wasstillsteady.
B.Morepeoplehadtochangetheirjobs.
C.FromJan.toApr.,about54,000peoplelosttheirjobs.
D.Mostofthepeoplesurveyedfelthopeless.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Hawaii’sresidentsmayfeelmorerelaxed
B.theword“paradise”mayrefertoHawaii
C.peoplemaypreferlivinginHawaiitoworkingthere
D.JimHartermaybeascientistinHawaii
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Physicalhealth
B.Psychologicalcondition
C.Placestheycomefrom
D.Workingenvironment
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.SaltLakeCityisthebestplacetoworkinforever.
B.Utah’seconomyneverencounteredrecession.
C.Hawaiiisabestplaceforentertainmentandwork.
D.ManycitiesintheUnitedStateshaveencounteredeconomicdepression.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Thesenseofsolidarityandpassionsofyoungemployees.
B.Goodregulationssetbythegovernment.
C.Favoriteclimate.
D.Goodgeographicallocation.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:A
【解析】1.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“2008年的經(jīng)濟(jì)保持穩(wěn)定”,可以定位到文章第一段第一句9in10peoplesaidtheyweresatisfiedwiththeirjobsorworkthattheydo-andthatremainedsteadythroughout2008.(90%的人說他們對(duì)自己的工作或目前的工作感到滿意,而且在整個(gè)2008年這一比例都保持穩(wěn)定),2008年,90%對(duì)工作滿意度呈平穩(wěn)趨勢(shì),可排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)“更多的人不得不換工作”,可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Thenumberofpeoplewhosaidtheiremployerreducedthesizeoftheworkforcerosedramaticallyduringtheyear,from15%inthefirstquarterto23%inthefourthquarter.(今年,聲稱雇主裁員的人數(shù)大幅上升,從第一季度的15%上升到第四季度的23%),雇主削減了勞動(dòng)力規(guī)模的人數(shù)在今年大幅上升,可以推測(cè)更多的人不得不更換工作,B選項(xiàng)正確。C選項(xiàng)“從1月到4月,大約有54000人失業(yè)”,文章沒有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容,可排除。D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)接受調(diào)查的人感到絕望”,文章提到許多人對(duì)工作環(huán)境持肯定態(tài)度,因此大多數(shù)人不會(huì)感到絕望,可排除D選項(xiàng)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
2.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干我們可以定位到文章第四段。D選項(xiàng)“吉姆?哈特可能是夏威夷的科學(xué)家”,文章第四段沒有提到此內(nèi)容,D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“夏威夷的居民可能會(huì)感到更放松”,可以定位到第四段第一句Hawaii’sresidentstooktheNo.1slotinanothertwosurveyareas,emotionalhealthandlivingconditions.(夏威夷居民在情緒健康和生活條件這兩個(gè)調(diào)查領(lǐng)域也名列榜首),文章所說夏威夷居民在情緒健康和生活條件這兩個(gè)調(diào)查領(lǐng)域也名列榜首,也就是夏威夷的居民會(huì)感到放松,A選項(xiàng)排除。B選項(xiàng)“天堂這個(gè)詞可能指的是夏威夷”,可以定位到文章第四段第二句Maybehavingajobwhileyou’reinparadisemaynotbeallthatgreat.(在天堂擁有一份工作可能不是那么地好),可以推測(cè)天堂也就是代指前面的夏威夷,B選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“人們可能更喜歡住在夏威夷而不是在那里工作”,可以定位到文章第四段第二句Maybehavingajobwhileyou’reinparadisemaynotbeallthatgreat.(在天堂擁有一份工作可能不是那么地好),也就是夏威夷不太適合工作,C選項(xiàng)可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
3.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】判斷推理題。C選項(xiàng)“他們來自哪里”,文章沒有提到,他們來自哪里會(huì)影響他們的幸福感,C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“身體健康”,可以定位到第四段第一句Hawaii’sresidentstooktheNo.1slotinanothertwosurveyareas,emotionalhealthandlivingconditions.(夏威夷居民在情緒健康和生活條件這兩個(gè)調(diào)查領(lǐng)域也名列榜首),情緒健康和生活條件這兩個(gè)調(diào)查領(lǐng)域也名列榜首,也就是身體健康會(huì)影響人們的幸福感,A選項(xiàng)可排除。B選項(xiàng)“心理狀態(tài)”,心理狀態(tài)會(huì)影響人們的幸福感,B選項(xiàng)可排除。D選項(xiàng)“工作環(huán)境”,可以定位到文章第三段第一句Just47%ofrespondentsfromHawaiisaidtheyweresatisfiedwiththeirjobs,usedtheirstrengthsatwork,weretreatedbyasupervisorasapartnerandworkedinan“open,trustingenvironment”(在夏威夷的受訪者中,只有47%的人對(duì)自己的工作感到滿意,在工作中發(fā)揮自己的優(yōu)勢(shì),被上司視為合作伙伴,在一個(gè)“開放、信任的環(huán)境”中工作),文章提到在“開放、信任的環(huán)境”中工作,會(huì)對(duì)工作感到滿意,人們的幸福感也就會(huì)提升,D選項(xiàng)可排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
4.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】判斷推理題。D選項(xiàng)“美國許多城市都遭遇了經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條”,文章倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句ThenationalrecessionbeganinDecember2007,accordingtotheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch.(根據(jù)美國國家經(jīng)濟(jì)研究局的數(shù)據(jù),這場(chǎng)全國性的衰退始于2007年12月),也就是美國經(jīng)濟(jì)經(jīng)歷了全國大蕭條,D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“鹽湖城永遠(yuǎn)是最好的工作場(chǎng)所”,文章倒數(shù)第二段第五句SaltLakeCity,thebestU.S.citytoworkinfor2007(鹽湖城評(píng)為2007年美國最適宜工作的城市),沒有提到是永遠(yuǎn)適宜工作的地點(diǎn),A選項(xiàng)可排除。B選項(xiàng)“猶他州的經(jīng)濟(jì)從未遭遇過衰退”,可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句Utah’shousingboomturnedintoabustlaterthanmoststates.(猶他州的房地產(chǎn)泡沫破滅的時(shí)間比大多數(shù)州都晚),但并不是從沒有經(jīng)歷衰退,B選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“夏威夷是娛樂和工作的最佳場(chǎng)所”,可以定位到文章第四段第二句Maybehavingajobwhileyou’reinparadisemaynotbeallthatgreat.(在天堂擁有一份工作可能不是那么地好),可推測(cè)夏威夷可能不太適合工作,C選項(xiàng)可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
5.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過題干我們可以定位到文章最后一段第四句Also,withitshighbirthrate,Utahhasarobustpopulationofyoungeremployeeswhooftenaddenthusiasmtotheworkplace(此外,由于猶他州的高出生率,年輕員工的數(shù)量也非常多,他們經(jīng)常為工作增添熱情),這也就是猶他州能夠獲得高分的原因。A選項(xiàng)“年輕員工的團(tuán)結(jié)感和激情”符合文章內(nèi)容,A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“政府制定的良好規(guī)章制度”,文中沒有提到此內(nèi)容,B選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“最喜歡的氣候”,氣候并不是造成猶他州取得高分的原因,C選項(xiàng)可排除。D選項(xiàng)“地理位置優(yōu)越”,文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容,可排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
9.單選題
Itrainedheavily,and()afloodcamedestroyingeverythinginthevalley.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.consequently
B.yet
C.subsequently
D.thus
【答案】A
【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。consequently“因此,結(jié)果”;yet“但是”;subsequently“隨后,后來”;thus“因此,從而”。句意:雨下得很大,______洪水摧毀了山谷中的一切??崭裉幒笫谴笥暝斐傻慕Y(jié)果,因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
10.單選題
Thecropwasseverely()bytherecentheavydrought.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.infected
B.afflicted
C.affected
D.inflicted
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。infect“感染”;afflict“折磨;使痛苦”;affect“影響”;inflict“造成;給與(打擊)等”。crop“莊稼”與heavydrought“嚴(yán)重干旱”之間的聯(lián)系是:后者影響前者。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
11.單選題
Justfourbitsofinformationcollectedfromashopper’screditcardcanbeusedtoidentifyalmostanyone,researchershavefound.
ThestudyinthejournalScience(1)threemonthsofcreditcardrecordsfor1.1millionpeopleinan(2)industrializedcountry.
Ninetypercentofindividualscouldbe(3)identifiedusingjustfourpiecesof(4),suchaswheretheyboughtcoffeeonedayorwherethey(5)anewjumperorpairofshoes.
(6),creditcardsusewasjustas(7)atidentifyingsomeoneasmobilephonerecords,thestudyfound.
Knowingthepriceofa(8)couldboosttheriskofre-identificationby22percent.
“Evendatasetsthat(9)coarseinformationatanyorallofthedimensionsprovidelittleanonymity(匿名),”thestudy,ledbyYves-AlexandredeMontjoyeattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandcolleaguesatAarhusUniversityinDemark,revealed.
(10)someofthespecificswerestrippedfromcreditcarddata,suchas(11)thegeneralareawhereapurchasewasmadeinsteadofthe(12)shop,orexpandingthetimerangeto15days(13)one,apersonwhowouldhavebelievedthemselves(14)couldbere-identifiedwith“justafewmore(15)datapoints”,saidthestudy.
“Womenaremorethan(16)menincreditcardmetadata.”itadded.
Peoplewithhigher(17)werealsoeasiertoidentify,perhapsbecausethey“have(18)patternsinhowtheydividetheirtimebetweenthe(19)theyvisit”,addedthestudy.
Theresearchers(20)moreadvancedtechnologiestoprotectdatathatissimplymadeanonymous.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.analyzed
B.cherished
C.diverted
D.revived
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.agitated
B.unidentified
C.associated
D.obsessed
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.consciously
B.hardly
C.uniquely
D.suspiciously
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.intoxication
B.confusion
C.confirmation
D.information
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.purchased
B.distributed
C.preserved
D.distorted
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.Onthecontrary
B.Inotherwords
C.Inaddition
D.Byanalogy
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.passionate
B.domineering
C.reliable
D.weird
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.translation
B.transplantation
C.transformation
D.transaction
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.provide
B.refute
C.exchange
D.computerizing
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.Exceptthat
B.Evenif
C.Nowthat
D.Onlyif
問題11選項(xiàng)
A.detecting
B.retaining
C.noting
D.neglecting
問題12選項(xiàng)
A.assigned
B.common
C.general
D.specific
問題13選項(xiàng)
A.insteadof
B.intermsof
C.inneedof
D.incase
問題14選項(xiàng)
A.autonomous
B.anonymous
C.unregistered
D.unauthorized
問題15選項(xiàng)
A.spatial
B.inaccurate
C.additional
D.subconscious
問題16選項(xiàng)
A.vulnerable
B.defendable
C.respectable
D.re-identifiable
問題17選項(xiàng)
A.incomes
B.taxes
C.debts
D.rent
問題18選項(xiàng)
A.ambiguous
B.distinctive
C.capricious
D.vague
問題19選項(xiàng)
A.garages
B.offices
C.shops
D.apartments
問題20選項(xiàng)
A.keptup
B.turned
C.putforward
D.calledfor
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:A
第6題:B
第7題:C
第8題:D
第9題:A
第10題:B
第11題:C
第12題:D
第13題:A
第14題:B
第15題:C
第16題:D
第17題:A
第18題:B
第19題:C
第20題:D
【解析】(1)根據(jù)原文可知,這里指發(fā)表在《青年科學(xué)》上的研究分析了110萬人三個(gè)月的信用卡記錄。選項(xiàng)A符合原文語境。
(2)形容詞辨析。agitated激動(dòng)的,焦慮的;unidentified身份不明的,未經(jīng)確認(rèn)的;associated關(guān)聯(lián)的,聯(lián)合的;obsessed著迷的。形容詞用來修飾工業(yè)化國家,根據(jù)語境可知,選項(xiàng)B更恰當(dāng)。這里指不知名的工業(yè)化國家。
(3)副詞辨析。根據(jù)句意:90%的人的身份僅僅憑借四條信息就可以被唯一地識(shí)別出來。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)識(shí)別出來的唯一性,準(zhǔn)確性。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。
(4)intoxication中毒,陶醉;confusion混淆,混亂;confirmation證實(shí),證明;information信息。根據(jù)第一段的“fourbitsofinformation”可知,選項(xiàng)D正確。
(5)動(dòng)詞搭配。這里是收集的信用卡消費(fèi)記錄,根據(jù)上文的bought也可推測(cè)出,選項(xiàng)A正確。
(6)根據(jù)原文,這里指信用卡識(shí)別身份和手機(jī)識(shí)別身份的性質(zhì)是一樣的,也就是用另一種方式來描述信用卡識(shí)別身份,選項(xiàng)B符合語境。
(7)根據(jù)原文可知,這里指信用卡識(shí)別身份和手機(jī)識(shí)別身份一樣可靠。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
(8)選項(xiàng)中能與price搭配使用且符合原文語境的只有transaction,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。
(9)根據(jù)句意:即使數(shù)據(jù)集在任何或所有維度上提供不完整的信息,也很少提供匿名性。
(10)根據(jù)原文,填空處前后句子沒有遞進(jìn)或因果關(guān)系,也沒有表示條件,所以選項(xiàng)A,C,D均不符合原文。Evenif表讓步,這里指即使一些詳情從信用卡的數(shù)據(jù)中被抹去。
(11)根據(jù)句意:比如記錄的是在普通地區(qū)的采買。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
(12)insteadof的前后構(gòu)成反義關(guān)系。填空處應(yīng)與general意思相反。所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
(13)one后面省略了day。這里指擴(kuò)大時(shí)間范圍到15天而不是1天。和上一句句型相同,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。
(14)根據(jù)句意:一個(gè)自認(rèn)為匿名的人可以通過上述方法被重新認(rèn)出。選項(xiàng)B符合原文句意。
(15)spatial空間的;inaccurate錯(cuò)誤的;additional附加的,額外的;subconscious潛意識(shí)的。信息越多,被識(shí)別出的幾率越高,所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文語境。
(16)根據(jù)added可知,本句是對(duì)上一段的補(bǔ)充。句意:在信用卡的元數(shù)據(jù)中,女性比男性更容易被重新識(shí)別出來。選項(xiàng)D符合原文語境。
(17)根據(jù)下文可推測(cè),這里指收入較高的人群,選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
(18)選項(xiàng)A和D都表示模糊的,選項(xiàng)C表示反復(fù)無常的。選項(xiàng)B很明顯區(qū)別于其它三項(xiàng),更符合原文語境。
(19)本文主要是講通過信用卡的消費(fèi)來識(shí)別人群,適合信用卡消費(fèi)的當(dāng)然是shops,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。
(20)keepup保持,不落后;turned使變成;putforward提出;callfor需要,要求。句意:研究人員需要更先進(jìn)的技術(shù)來保護(hù)匿名數(shù)據(jù)。
12.單選題
TheEuropeanParliamenthasbannedtheterms“Miss”and“Mrs”theyoffendfemalemembers.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.aslongas
B.themoment
C.sothat
D.incase
【答案】D
【解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。aslongas“只要”;themoment“一……就……”;sothat“所以,以便”;incase“萬一,假使”。句意:歐洲議會(huì)禁止使用“小姐”和“夫人”這兩個(gè)詞,以防它們冒犯女性議員。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
13.單選題
Thereisthefearthatbabiesmightbegeneticallyalteredtosuittheparents’wished.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.enhanced
B.revised
C.alternated
D.modified
【答案】D
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.enhanced加強(qiáng),提高B.revised修改
C.alternated交替,輪流D.modified修改
【考查點(diǎn)】近義詞辨析
【解題思路】原文指的是嬰兒為了滿足父母的意愿改變基因。D選項(xiàng)modified“修改”,指為了適應(yīng)某一特定的目的,稍微改變某物,與原文最相符。原文alter“改變”。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)enhanced“加強(qiáng),提高”,改變不一定是提高;
B選項(xiàng)revised“修改”,指修改意見或計(jì)劃,或者修訂書刊或估算;
C選項(xiàng)alternated“交替,輪流”,與altered屬于形近詞,但兩者意義不同。
【句意】人們擔(dān)心,嬰兒可能會(huì)根據(jù)父母的意愿進(jìn)行基因改造。
14.單選題
Afolkcultureisasmall,isolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandrace,withastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Orderismaintainedthroughsanctionsbasedinthereligionorfamily,andinterpersonalrelationshipsarestrong.Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.Rather,eachpersonisexpectedtoperforinagreatvarietyoftasks,thoughdutiesmaydifferbetweenthesexes.Mostgoodsarehandmade,andasubsistenceeconomyprevails.Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkculturesasaresocialclasses.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAnglo-AmericanistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlabor-savingdevicesoftheIndustrialage.InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.TheAmish’scentralreligiousconceptofDemut,"humility",clearlyreflectstheweaknessofindividualismandsocialclassessotypicaloffolkcultures,andthereisacorrespondingstrengthofAmishgroupidentity.RarelydotheAmishmarryoutsidetheirsect.Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.
Bycontrast,apopularcultureisalargeheterogeneousgroup,oftenhighlyindividualisticandconstantlychanging.Relationshipstendtobeimpersonal,andapronounceddivisionoflaborexists,leadingtotheestablishmentofmanyspecializedprofessions.Secularinstitutionsofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandamiytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoney-basedeconomyprevails.Becauseofthesecontrasts,“popular”maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfrom“folk”.
Thepopularisreplacingthefolkinindustrializedcountriesandinmanydevelopingnations.Folk-madeobjectsgivewaytotheirpopularequivalent,usuallybecausethepopularitemismorequicklyorcheaplyproduce,iseasierortime-savingtouse,orlendsmoreprestigetotheowner.
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
2.Whichofthefollowingistypicaloffolkcultures?
3.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheUnitedStatesandCanada?
4.WhatisthemainsourceoforderinAmishsociety?
5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAmishbeliefsdoesthepassagesupport?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Twodecadesinmodernsociety.
B.Theinfluenceofindustrialtechnology.
C.Thecharacteristicsof“folk”and“popular”societies
D.ThespecializationoflaborinCanadaandtheUnitedStates
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Thereisamoney-basedeconomy
B.Socialchangeoccursslowly
C.Contactwithotherculturesisencouraged.
D.Eachpersondevelopsonespecializedskill.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Theyvaluefolkcultures.
B.Theyhavepopularcultures.
C.Theyhavenosocialclasses.
D.Theydonotvalueindividualism.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Thegovernment.
B.Theclanstructure.
C.Theeconomy.
D.Thereligion.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Variousreligiouspracticesaretolerated.
B.Individualismandcompetitionareimportant.
C.Pre-moderntechnologyispreferred.
D.Peoplearedefinedaccordingtotheirclass.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:C
【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章主要分為三個(gè)部分,第一個(gè)部分講述的是民間文化社會(huì)的特點(diǎn),第二部分講述的是大眾文化社會(huì)的特點(diǎn),第三部分是講述在工業(yè)時(shí)代的如今,大眾流行文化正在取代民間文化。選項(xiàng)A:二十年的現(xiàn)代社會(huì);選項(xiàng)B:工業(yè)技術(shù)的影響;選項(xiàng)D:加拿大和美國的勞動(dòng)專業(yè)化,以上選項(xiàng)均與原文不符。選項(xiàng)C:“民俗化”社會(huì)與“大眾化”社會(huì)的特征“為正確選項(xiàng)。
第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干意思定位到文章第一段中Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.“傳統(tǒng)是至高無上的,很少有改變,而且變化很慢。很少有專門的勞動(dòng)分工?!庇纱丝芍x項(xiàng)B“社會(huì)變革發(fā)生得很慢”與原文相符,為正確選項(xiàng),而選項(xiàng)A、C、D均與原文表述的意思相反。
第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是關(guān)于美國和加拿大,作者暗示了什么?可以定位到文章第—段中UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.“在美國和加拿大等工業(yè)化國家,一成不變的民間文化已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在?!笨梢酝茢喑鰞蓚€(gè)國家的文化均已大眾流行化,由此可知B選項(xiàng)“它們有大眾流行文化”與原文意思相符,因此B為正確選項(xiàng)。
第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段最后一句Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.“其宗教,作為Mennonite信仰的一種,提供了維持秩序的主要機(jī)制?!庇纱丝芍狣選項(xiàng)“宗教”為正確選項(xiàng),選項(xiàng)A、B、C均與題意不符。
第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng)A:容忍各種宗教活動(dòng)。這與文章所表述的阿米什人很少與他們宗派以外的人通婚不符,因此錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)B:個(gè)人主義和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)很重要這與文章“theweaknessofindividualismandsocialclasses”意思不符,所以為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)D:每個(gè)人發(fā)展一項(xiàng)專門技能,明顯與文中第一段描述不符。選項(xiàng)C:現(xiàn)代以前的技術(shù)更受喜歡,與原文“InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.”所表述的意思“在Amish地區(qū),輕便馬車仍然是當(dāng)?shù)氐慕煌üぞ撸磐絺儾辉试S擁有汽車。”相符,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
15.單選題
Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation,butthegesturesthataccompanyspeechareasurprisinglyneglectedarea.ItissometimesjokinglysaidthatthewaytorenderanItalianspeechlessistotiehiswriststogether,butalmosteveryonemovestheirhandsinmeaningfulwayswhentheytalk.SusanGoldin-MeadowoftheUniversityofChicago,however,studiesgesturescarefully-andnotoutofidlecuriosity.Introspectionsuggeststhatgesturingnotonlyhelpspeoplecommunicatebutalsohelpsthemtothink.Shesetouttotestthis,andspecificallytofindoutwhethergesturesmightbeusedasanaidtochildren’slearning.Itturnsout,asshetoldtheAAAS,thattheycan.
Theexperimentsheconductedinvolvedbalancingequations.Presentedwithanequationof2+3+4=x+4writtenonablackboard,achildisaskedtocalculatethevalueofx.IntheequationsDr.Goldin-Meadowalwaysmadethelastnumberontheleftthesameasthelastontheright;soxwasthesumofthefirsttwonumbers.Commonly,however,childrenwhoarelearningarithmeticwilladdallthreeofthenumbersonthelefttoarriveatthevalueofx.
InherpreviousworkDr.Goldin-Meadowhadnotedthatchildrenoftenusespontaneousgestureswhenexplaininghowtheysolvemathematicalpuzzles,sotoseeifthesehand-movementsactuallyhelpachildtothink,oraremerelydescriptive,shedividedagroupofchildrenintotwoandaskedthemtobalanceequations.Onegroupwasaskedtogesturewhiledoingso.Asecondwasaskednotto.Bothgroupswerethengivenalessoninhowtosolveproblemsofthissort.
AsDr.Goldin-Meadowsuspected,thefirstgrouplearntmorefromthelessonthanthesecond.Byobservingtheirgesturessherefinedtheexperiment.Often,achildwouldtouchorpointtothefirsttwonumbersontheleftwiththefirsttwofingersofonehand.DrGoldin-Meadowthereforetaughtthisgestureexplicitlytoanothergroupofchildrenor,rather,shetaughtathirdofthem,taughtanotherthirdtopointtothesecondandthirdnumbersthiswayandtoldtheremaindertousenogestures.Whenallweregiventhesamelessonitwasfoundthosegesturing“correctly”learntthemost.Butthosegesturing“incorrectly’stilloutperformedthenon-gesturers.
Gesturing,therefore,clearlydoeshelpthought.Indeed,itissothought-provokingthateventhewronggestureshavesomevalue.
1.WhydoesSusanGoldin-Meadowcarryoutsuchastudy?
2.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?
3.AccordingtoSusan’sstudy,childrenwholeantheleastmaybe(
).
4.Thelastsentenceofthistextprobablymeans(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Totestgesturingonlyhelpspeoplecommunicate.
B.Totestgesturingonlyhelpspeopletothink
C.Totestgesturinghelpspeoplecommunicateandthink.
D.Totestgesturinghelpspeoplecommunicatenottothink.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation.
B.Beingone’swriststogetherisanItalianwaytoshowspeechless.
C.Everyonemovestheirhandsinmeaningfulwayswhentheytalk.
D.Gesturesaccompanyingspeecharenotstudiestopeople’scontent.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.thosewhomakenogestures
B.thosewhogesturecorrectly
C.thosewhogesturewrongly
D.thosewhomakenogesturesandgesturewrongly
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.correctgesturinginsteadofwronggesturingisinspiringinlearning.
B.correctgesturingtogetherwithwronggesturingisinspiringinlearning
C.nogesturingismoreinspiringinlearningthanwronggesturing
D.neithernogesturingnorwronggesturingisinspiringinlearning
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:B
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。題目提問‘為什么SusanGoldin-Meadow要進(jìn)行這樣的研究?’根據(jù)文章第一段第三句與第四句的“Introspectionsuggeststhatgesturingnotonlyhelpspeoplecommunicatebutalsohelpsthemtothink.Shesetouttotestthis.研究認(rèn)為手勢(shì)不僅能幫助人們進(jìn)行交流,而且還幫助他們?nèi)ニ伎?。她打算通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來證明這些研究”確定C選項(xiàng)‘測(cè)試手勢(shì)幫助人們進(jìn)行交流和思考‘正確。A選項(xiàng)’測(cè)試手勢(shì)僅僅幫助人們進(jìn)行交流‘、B選項(xiàng)‘測(cè)試僅僅幫助人們進(jìn)行思考‘只提及了一部分,不正確;D選項(xiàng)’測(cè)試手勢(shì)幫助人們進(jìn)行交流而不進(jìn)行思考‘與原文不符。
2.推斷題。題目提問‘我們能從第一段推斷出什么?’A選項(xiàng)‘人類語言是無止境的科學(xué)研究的主題’是第一段中直接提出的,不是推斷出的,排除;B選項(xiàng)‘意大利人表示無語的方式是手腕放在—起’與文中的“ItissometimesjokinglysaidthatthewaytorenderanItalianspeechlessistotiehiswriststogether.人們有時(shí)開玩笑說,讓意大利人閉嘴的方法是將他們的手腕綁在一起’意思不符,排除;C選項(xiàng)‘在交談的時(shí)候都會(huì)做出一些意義豐富的手勢(shì)’與“almosteveryone幾乎所有人”不符排除;根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation,butthegesturesthataccompanyspeechareasurprisinglyneglectedarea.人類語言一直是科學(xué)研究的主題,但伴隨語言而來的手勢(shì)卻出人意料地被忽視了?!蓖茢喑鯠選項(xiàng)‘對(duì)伴隨講話的手勢(shì)研究還不盡人意‘正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)題。題目提問‘根據(jù)蘇珊的研究,學(xué)到最少的小孩可能是……?!鶕?jù)文中倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句“itwasfoundthosegesturing“correctly”learntthemost.Butthosegesturing“incorrectly”stilloutperformedthenon-gesturers.研究發(fā)現(xiàn)手勢(shì)正確的小孩學(xué)到的最多。但是也發(fā)現(xiàn)手勢(shì)不正確的小孩學(xué)到的仍然比沒有使用手勢(shì)的小孩多”確定A選項(xiàng)‘沒有做手勢(shì)的那些小孩’正確。
4.細(xì)節(jié)題。題目提問‘這篇文章的最后一句話可能是指……?!鶕?jù)文章最后一句“Indeed,itissothought-provokingthateventhewronggestureshavesomevalue.的確,它是如此發(fā)人深省,以至于即使是錯(cuò)誤的姿態(tài)也有一定的價(jià)值。”確定B選項(xiàng)‘正確的和錯(cuò)誤的手勢(shì)都能激勵(lì)學(xué)習(xí)’正確。
16.單選題
Thewordhospiceishundredsofyearsold.ItcomestousfromthetimecalledtheMiddleAgesinEurope.Religiousgroupsthenprovidedhospiceasaplacewheretravelerscouldstay.Sometimesthegroupsalsoofferedaplaceforthesickandthedying.Todaythewordhospicemeansmorethanaplace.Itmeansawayofcaringforthedying.Inthemodemsenseoftheword,itmeansthat,ifpossible,dyingpeoplecanreceivecareathomeduringtheirlastdays;andthehealth-careworkersdonottrytolengthenthelivesofthedyingwithmodemmedicalequipment.Instead,care-giversmakeeveryefforttocontrolorstopthepatient’spain.Italsomeansthatpatientsgethelpfortheiremotionalneedsinadditiontotheirphysicalneeds.
ABritishwomanCicelySaunderswasthefirstmajoractivistforhospicecareinmodemtimes.CicelySaundersworkedasanurseinahospitalrightafterWorldWarII,whereshemetamanwhowasdyingofcancer.Togethertheyfoundideasaboutthebestpossibletreatmentforpeoplewhowouldnevergetwellagain.Theytalkedabouttreatmentsthatwouldpermitpatientstodiscusstheirfeelingsandtotakepartinactivitiesmeaningf
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