考研考博-英語(yǔ)-蘭州城市學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-蘭州城市學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

______sherealizeditwastoolatetogohome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Nosooneritgrewdarkthan

B.Hardlydiditgrowdarkthat

C.Scarcelyhaditgrowndarkthan

D.Itwasnotuntildarkthat

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查倒裝句。句意：直到天黑，她才意識(shí)到太晚了，不能回家了。A、B、C選項(xiàng)意思為“一……就”；A選項(xiàng)nosooner…than置于句首，前面部分倒裝；B選項(xiàng)hardly…when“”和C選項(xiàng)scarcely…when是固定搭配。D選項(xiàng)itisnotuntil…that“直到……才”用法正確。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably（

）reportonlyinafewpagesbutwithallthedetails.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.concise

B.clear

C.precise

D.elaborate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。concise“簡(jiǎn)明的”；clear“清楚的”；precise“精確的”；elaborate“詳盡的”。句意：新秘書只用了幾張紙就寫出了一份包含所有的非常詳盡的報(bào)告。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

OurfootballteamisnowcontendingwithonefromtheUniversityofBritishColumbia.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.meeting

B.contesting

C.conceding

D.contemplating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的足球隊(duì)正在和英國(guó)哥倫比亞大學(xué)的球隊(duì)……。meet“滿足，遇見”；contest“比賽，競(jìng)賽”；concede“承認(rèn)，讓步”；contemplate“考慮，沉思”。根據(jù)“ourfootballteam”可知是在進(jìn)行比賽，contend的意思是“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；斗爭(zhēng)”。因此，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Intheaccidentthewindshieldofthebuswas______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scattered

B.shattered

C.knocked

D.battered

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)scatter“撒播，散開，散布”，B項(xiàng)shatter“粉碎，打碎，破壞”，C項(xiàng)knock“敲，打，敲擊”，D項(xiàng)batter“連續(xù)猛擊，虐待毆打”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞accident“事故”和windshield“擋風(fēng)玻璃”可知，空格處填入“粉碎”符合句子語(yǔ)境。句意：在事故中，公共汽車的擋風(fēng)玻璃被震碎了。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Thechildrenhaveamore（

）view,onlytakinginconsiderationwhatwillwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pragmatic

B.dreary

C.marital

D.dominant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)pragmatic“實(shí)用的，講求實(shí)效的”；B選項(xiàng)dreary“令人沮喪的，沉悶的”；C選項(xiàng)marital“婚姻的，夫妻關(guān)系的”；D選項(xiàng)dominant“首要的，占支配地位的，占優(yōu)勢(shì)的”。由后面的“onlytakinginconsiderationwhatwillwork（只有考慮到什么才能起作用）”可知A選項(xiàng)最符合邏輯搭配。句意：孩子們有一個(gè)更實(shí)用的觀點(diǎn)，只考慮什么會(huì)起作用。

6.單選題

Much（

）Ihavetraveled,Ihaveneverseenanyonetoequalherinthoroughness,whateverthejob.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.more

C.farther

D.as

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這是由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)，需要倒裝，但不是主謂倒裝而是將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容放在句首，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Thoughheisacompetentengineer,itdoesno（）thathewillmakeasuccessfulfactorydirector.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conclude

B.follow

C.deduce

D.doom

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:conclude“結(jié)束；終止”；B:follow“跟隨，接著”；C:deduce“推論，推斷”；D:doom“命運(yùn)；厄運(yùn)”。句意：雖然他是一名稱職的工程師，但是，并不能推斷他將成為一名成功的廠長(zhǎng)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，故選C選項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

Thesenatorwasaccusedofwafflingonmajorissues.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vaguing

B.stiffening

C.vacillating

D.reshuffling

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vaguing“模糊的，含糊的，不明確的，曖昧的”；B選項(xiàng)stiffening“變硬，（使）變粘稠”；C選項(xiàng)vacillating“躊躇的，搖擺的”；D選項(xiàng)reshuffling“重新安排，重新排序”。句意：這位參議員被指責(zé)在重大問題上含糊其辭。Waffling“優(yōu)柔寡斷的，模糊不清的”，A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Superstitionisabiasedword.Lookupalmostanydictionarydefinitionandyouwillseethatitimpliesthateveryreligionnotbasedonreasonorknowledgeiscalledasuperstition.Eventhewordknowledgeisatwo-facedword.Presumably,itisusedasasynonymforreason.Whatitallcomesdowntoisthatpeopledesignateassuperstitiouswhattheydonotthinkreasonableinsomeoneelse’sreligion.

Itistruethataperson’sreligionmustbebasedonsomekindofknowledge.Butwhatkindofknowledgeismeant?Scientific,experimental,rational?Suchknowledgeisnaturalandmaybeethicalandthenitisnaturalreligiousknowledge.ApersonmayquiteeasilyconcludefromobservingtheuniversethatonlyGodcouldhaveproducedit.Thatknowledgeisnotreligion,notevenifapersonisboundtorecognizeaCreatoroftheuniverse.ItisnaturalknowledgesuchasConfucius,SocratesorZoroasterpossessed.

Naturalreligiousknowledge,asisevidentinthehistoryofthehumanrace,althoughithelpstomakeamangood,hardlysufficestokeephimgood,especiallyintimesofcrisis.Willsuchnaturalknowledge,forinstance,sustainamanwhenhehassuddenlylostallhismoneyandevenhiswifeandchildren?Willitofferthehopeofeverseeingthemagain?Willitinfluencehimgladlytosacrificehislifeforhisfamily,hiscountry,hisreligion?Onlyastrongsenseofsupernaturalreligion,arelianceuponGod,willprovidethenecessarycourageforrightaction.

Allthegreatreligionsoftheworld—Christianity,Hinduism,ChineseBuddhismandIslam—haveshownmenthewaytosuchcourageanditsresultingpeaceofmindandheartandpeacewithallmen.Theypointtoabettersortoflife,mostlyalifesomewhereelse,or,atleast,anendtothetroublesofthislife.

ChristianityandIslamdirectmentolookup,hopeforandstriveafteraneternallifeofhappinessinthepossessionofGod.Hinduism,althoughitbelievesinreincarnations,alsoencouragesitsadherentstoachievesuccessivelyhigherincarnationsuntiltheyachieveunity,becomeonewithBrahman—God.ChineseBuddhismtellsitsfollowersthatiftheyperformgooddeedsandhavefaithinOmitofoobyfrequentlycallinguponthisGodofInfiniteCompassiontheywillberewardedbyeternallifeintheWesternParadise.

Theagnosticortheatheistthinksofallofthosecreedsasreligioussuperstition.Aretheagnosticandtheatheistfreeofsuperstition?Hardly.Everythinkingmanhasanaturalbentforreligion,foridealsaboveandbeyondearthlyones.Ifhecrusheshisnaturalinclination,whichisGod-inspiredideals,hemostlikelywillsubstituteaseriesofself-inspiredidealsorsomefadlikeastrology,whichwillbecomeareligionforhim.

Thereisalinebetweenreligionandsuperstitionwhicheveryonemustlearntoidentify,orforfeitatruedirectioninhislife.

1.Accordingtothepassage,peopledefinesuperstitionas______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,allthegreatreligionsoftheworld______.

3.Fromthepassagewearetoldthattheatheists______.

4.Ofthefollowingsuggestedtitle,theonethatmostaccuratelysumsupthepassageis______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.somereligiousknowledgenotbasedonreason

B.naturalknowledgeofareligion

C.anythingthatseemsunreasonableinanotherperson’sreligion

D.someoneelse’sreligion

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.bringpeaceofmindandpeacewithotherhumanbeing

B.putforthabetterlifenowandpromiseeternallifeintheWesternParadise

C.givecouragetotheiradherentstoliveanddiepeacefully

D.urgetheiradherentstoachievehigherincarnations

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.havelittleornoreligiousknowledge

B.haveidealsthatarebeyondearthlyones

C.aremostlyastrologerswhohavetoomanymaterialisticidealsinlife

D.areactuallynotfreefromsuperstition

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheGreatReligionsonEarth

B.IngredientsofSuperstition

C.ReligionandSuperstition

D.AchieveUnitywithGod

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，人們把迷信定義為……”。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Whatitallcomesdowntoisthatpeopledesignateassuperstitiouswhattheydonotthinkreasonableinsomeoneelse’sreligion.（歸根結(jié)底，人們認(rèn)為在別人的宗教中他們認(rèn)為不合理的東西是迷信的）可知，C項(xiàng)“在另一個(gè)人的宗教中似乎不合理的任何事情”正確；A項(xiàng)“一些不是基于理性的宗教知識(shí)”是字典上對(duì)于迷信的定義，并不是人們的定義；B項(xiàng)“宗教的自然知識(shí)”這屬于宗教信仰建立的基礎(chǔ)；D項(xiàng)“其他人的宗教”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)作者，世界上所有偉大的宗教……”。根據(jù)第四段第一句Allthegreatreligionsoftheworld—Christianity,Hinduism,ChineseBuddhismandIslam—haveshownmenthewaytosuchcourageanditsresultingpeaceofmindandheartandpeacewithallmen.（世界上所有偉大的宗教—基督教、印度教、中國(guó)佛教和伊斯蘭教—都向人們展示了通往這種勇氣的道路，以及由此產(chǎn)生的心靈和平與所有人的和平）可知，A項(xiàng)“帶來內(nèi)心的平和，以及與他人之間的平和”正確；B項(xiàng)“提出更好的生活，并承諾在西天永生”和D項(xiàng)“敦促他們的追隨者達(dá)到更高的化身”該段沒有提到；由第四段第二句Theypointtoabettersortoflife,mostlyalifesomewhereelse,or,atleast,anendtothetroublesofthislife（它們預(yù)示著一種更好的生活，大多是另一個(gè)地方的生活，或者至少，結(jié)束了今生的煩惱）可知，C項(xiàng)“給他們的信徒勇氣，讓他們平靜地活著和死去”與原文不符。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“從文章中我們得知，無神論者……”。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Aretheagnosticandtheatheistfreeofsuperstition?Hardly.Everythinkingmanhasanaturalbentforreligion,foridealsaboveandbeyondearthlyones.（不可知論者和無神論者都能擺脫迷信嗎？幾乎不能。每個(gè)有思想的人都有一種天生的宗教傾向，一種超越世俗的理想傾向）可知，D項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上并不能擺脫迷信”正確；A項(xiàng)“很少或沒有宗教知識(shí)”沒有提到；B項(xiàng)“有超越世俗的理想”不夠全面；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Ifhecrusheshisnaturalinclination,whichisGod-inspiredideals,hemostlikelywillsubstituteaseriesofself-inspiredidealsorsomefadlikeastrology,whichwillbecomeareligionforhim.（如果他打破了自己的自然傾向，那就是上帝啟發(fā)的理想，他很可能會(huì)用一系列自我啟發(fā)的理想或某種流行的占星術(shù)來代替，這將成為他的宗教）可知，C項(xiàng)“大多是在生活中有太多的唯物主義的理想的占星家”中的唯物主義理想并沒有提到。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“在以下建議的標(biāo)題中，最準(zhǔn)確地總結(jié)了這篇文章的是……”。文章開篇先闡述了迷信的定義，這個(gè)概念和宗教有關(guān)，然后又講述了宗教信仰中存在的迷信思想，并在文章的最后總結(jié)了迷信和宗教的區(qū)別：Thereisalinebetweenreligionandsuperstitionwhicheveryonemustlearntoidentify,orforfeitatruedirectioninhislife.（宗教和迷信之間有一條界線，每個(gè)人都必須學(xué)會(huì)辨別這條界線，否則就會(huì)失去人生的真正方向）；綜合推斷，C項(xiàng)“宗教和迷信”最適合做文章的標(biāo)題；A項(xiàng)“地球上最偉大的宗教”、B項(xiàng)“迷信的成分”和D項(xiàng)“與神合一”都只是文章的一部分。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Becauseofthetightermoneypolicy,（

）defenseforthecomingyearsisgreatlycut.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reservation

B.budget

C.allowance

D.finance

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。reservation“預(yù)約”；budget“預(yù)算”；allowance“津貼”；finance“財(cái)政；金融”。句意：由于財(cái)政政策緊張，來年的國(guó)防預(yù)算大大縮減了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.翻譯題

2.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

和平與發(fā)展是當(dāng)今世界的兩大主題。維護(hù)世界和平，加強(qiáng)友好合作，促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展是各國(guó)人民的共同愿望。當(dāng)前，貧困、失業(yè)、難民、犯罪、人口膨脹、環(huán)境惡化、毒品泛濫、恐怖主義等問題仍然嚴(yán)峻，影響著全球的穩(wěn)定與發(fā)展。中國(guó)與西方國(guó)家雖然國(guó)情不同，但在一系列重大國(guó)際問題上具有廣泛一致的利益。我對(duì)中國(guó)同西方各國(guó)關(guān)系的改善與發(fā)展感到高興。中國(guó)政府和人民愿在相互新生和平等互利的基礎(chǔ)上，同包括西方國(guó)家在內(nèi)的世界各國(guó)政府和人民一道，為和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè)做出貢獻(xiàn)。

【答案】參考譯文：Peaceanddevelopmentarethetwomajorthemesintoday'sworld.Themaintenanceofworldpeace,strengtheningfriendshipandcooperationandpromotingcommondevelopmentarethecommonaspirationofallpeoples.Atpresent,poverty,unemployment,refugees,crime,apopulationexplosion,environmentaldegradation,drugtrafficking,terrorismandotherissuesarestillsevereandaffectglobalstabilityanddevelopment.AlthoughChinaandwesterncountrieshavedifferentnationalconditions,bothsideshavebroadlyconsistentinterestsinaseriesofmajorinternationalissues.IamdelightedtoseetheimprovementanddevelopmentoftheconnectionbetweenChinaandwestcountries.ThegovernmentandpeopleofChinawouldliketodevotetothegreatpeaceanddevelopmentonthebasisofmutualtrustandequalityandmutualbenefitwithallthepeopleandallthegovernmentsincludingwestcountries.

12.單選題

W:DoyoumindifItakeacoupleofhoursoffthisafternoon?

M:OK,butwhatfor?

Q:Whatisthewomanaskingfor?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Advice

B.Leave

C.Time

D.Reason.

【答案】B

【解析】題目中“takeacoupleofhoursoff”的意思是“請(qǐng)幾個(gè)小時(shí)的假”，和B選項(xiàng)的“askforleave”意思相同，B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.翻譯題

Infact,therobotsthataredoingthemostforyouandme—theindustrialrobots—don’tevenhaveahead.Atinymicroprocessorcapableoffittingonasiliconchipthesizeofapeamakesuppartoftherobot’s“brain”.Severalofthesesiliconchipsareplacedontwoorthreeprintedcircuitboardstoprovidetheinputandmemorybankfunctions.Whenpluggedintoanelectricaloutlet,thisassemblyofmicroprocessors,muchlikethehumanbrain,transmitselectricalimpulsesalongpathwayswhichrunfromthecomputeritselfdowntherobot’sarmandintoitshand.Inhumans,thesepathwaysarethenervefibers;inrobots,theyareelectricalcables.

【答案】【參考譯文】事實(shí)上，那些對(duì)人類貢獻(xiàn)最大的機(jī)器人——工業(yè)機(jī)器人——甚至連頭都沒有。一個(gè)能裝在豌豆大小的硅芯片上的微型處理器，構(gòu)成了機(jī)器人“大腦的一部分”。幾塊這樣的芯片被放置在兩到三塊印刷電路板上，提供輸入和記憶庫(kù)的功能。當(dāng)插入電源插座時(shí)，這組微型處理器就像人類的大腦一樣，將電脈沖從計(jì)算機(jī)本身傳遞到機(jī)器人的手臂，再傳遞到它的手。對(duì)人類來說，這些路徑是神經(jīng)纖維，而對(duì)機(jī)器人來說，它們就是電纜。

14.單選題

Itwasunusualforthere（）sofewstudentsintheclassroom.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobe

B.be

C.being

D.are

【答案】A

【解析】考查句式。介詞for后面跟的存在句采用不定式形式。句意：教室里的學(xué)生這么少是不尋常的。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Duringtheinterview,themayorexpressedhisheart-feltgratitudethroughthereportersforthetimelyassistanceandsupportthatpeoplefromothercitieshavekindly（

）tohiscitizensafterthecitywasstruckbyseveralearthquakes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rendered

B.secured

C.sought

D.furnished

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)的render“給予某物作為報(bào)償或用以交換，回報(bào)，歸還”；B選項(xiàng)的secure“將某物固定住，系住，使某物安全，保護(hù)”；C選項(xiàng)的seek“尋找，探索”；D選項(xiàng)的furnish“提供，陳設(shè)，布置”。根據(jù)句意‘在采訪中，市長(zhǎng)通過報(bào)道對(duì)其他城市的人在該市遭受了幾次地震襲擊后給予市民的及時(shí)的友好的援助和支持表示了衷心的感謝’確定A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.填空題

Sincehewasachild,DonCameronhasbeeninterestedinanythingwhichflies.HegrewupontheoutskirtsofGlasgowand,asastudentatGlasgowUniversity,joinedtheUniversityAirSquadron.1.（）Hisgrandfatherwasanengineer,whoturnedhishandtomakingmodelsteamenginesandboats.

DonCameron’sfirstjobwasatBristolAircraft,whereheworkedasanengineer.HethenhadjobsinthesteelworksatLanwemandforRio-TintoZineinBristol,workingwithcomputers.Inthemid-sixties,newsofAmericanexperimentswithhotairballoonscrossedtheAtlantic,andheandacoupleoffriendsdecidedtobuildtheirownballoon.ProbablythefirsthotairballooninwesternEurope,theycalleditTheBristolBelle2.（）.

At40hehasalreadybeenhalfwayroundtheworldbyballoon3.（）HehascrossedtheChannelbyballoonandevenflownintheArcticCircleinone."Beforeyouflythere"，heremembers,“youaretoldhowtobuildigloosandsurviveinthesnow.It'salovelyplacetofly”.

"Intheearlydays”,herecalls.“Iusedtoworknightandday.”Helooksdownathisscheduleforthenextfewdays.ItincludesadrivetoFrancetomakeadelivery,plusreadingproofsofaballooninghandbookhehaswritten.“Istilldon'ttakeitveryeasy.”hesays.HestartedthebusinessinthebasementofthelargeVictorianhouse,whereheliveswithhiswifeKinandtwochildren.4.（）.Theyincludespeciallydesignedballoonsforadvertisingpurposes.ThefirmexportsallovertheworldandissettingupafactoryinAmerica,whereballoonswillbemadeforthemunderlicense.5.（）.

【答案】1.D

2.E

3.B

4.C

5.A

【解析】1.D項(xiàng)提到了familytradidion家庭傳統(tǒng)，與空格后面的內(nèi)容即對(duì)爺爺?shù)慕榻B對(duì)應(yīng)。

2.由空格前的內(nèi)容“heandacoupleoffriendsdecidedtobuildtheirownballoon.ProbablythefirsthotairballooninwesternEurope,theycalleditTheBristolBelle.他和幾個(gè)朋友決定自己造一個(gè)氣球?？赡苁俏鳉W的第一個(gè)熱氣球，他們叫它布里斯托爾貝爾?！笨芍穫惻c他的朋友決定自己造氣球，并且創(chuàng)造了西歐第一個(gè)熱氣球。E項(xiàng)講述的是他們公司的成就，現(xiàn)在本國(guó)就有300個(gè)熱氣球。有三分之二的熱氣球是由卡梅倫的公司制作的。能與下文自然銜接。

3.At40hehasalreadybeenhalfwayroundtheworldbyballoon40歲時(shí)，他已經(jīng)乘氣球環(huán)游了半個(gè)世界。這句為本段的中心句，接下來應(yīng)該會(huì)提到他乘坐熱氣球去過的地方。故B項(xiàng)正確。

4.此空前面HestartedthebusinessinthebasementofthelargeVictorianhouse,whereheliveswithhiswifeKinandtwochildren.他在一幢維多利亞時(shí)代的大房子的地下室里開始了他的生意，他和他的妻子及兩個(gè)孩子住在那里。此空與過去進(jìn)行對(duì)比，講述仙子它的公司很有前途。由空格后的Theyincludespeciallydesignedballoonsforadvertisingpurposes.其中包括為廣告目的而特別設(shè)計(jì)的氣球,也可知they是指代熱氣球。故C項(xiàng)正確。

5.文章最后講述了卡梅倫公司的成就，A項(xiàng)用具體的數(shù)字能讓人更清楚地知道這家公司的成功。故A項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Massproductionis（）onlyinaneconomywithahighlydevelopedtechnology.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vulnerable

B.invaluable

C.feasible

D.compatible

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。vulnerable易受攻擊的；invaluable無價(jià)的；feasible可行的；compatible兼容的。句意：大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)只有在技術(shù)高度發(fā)達(dá)的經(jīng)濟(jì)中才可行。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

18.單選題

Thesegoodsaresoldatreducedprices,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedefectsarepointedouttothecustomers

B.thedefectspointedouttothecustomers

C.thedefectshavebeenpointedouttothecustomers

D.thedefectsbeingpointedouttothecustomers

【答案】D

【解析】考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)，起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。選項(xiàng)A，B，C結(jié)構(gòu)完整，如果放于句中缺少連詞，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

19.單選題

Whenlightilluminatesanobject,partofitisabsorbedandpartreflected;the_______lightnessofanobjectdependsontheproportionoflightthatisreflected.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.denoted

B.embodied

C.insulated

D.perceived

【答案】D

【解析】denoted指示,表示;embodied所包含的;insulated被隔離的;perceived所察覺到的。句意：當(dāng)光照射一個(gè)物體時(shí),它的一部分被吸收,一部分被反射;被感知的物體的亮度取決于被反射的光的比例。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

20.翻譯題

Arecentphenomenoninthechoiceofcareersonthepartofthecollegegraduatesistheincreasingtrendtowardsbigcompanies.Fewareinterestedinresearchfields.Thisisanunavoidableprobleminamaterialisticsociety,wheretemptingsalariesandfringebenefitsareofferedbybigcompaniestocompetewitheachothertorecruitstudentsbeforetheyhavecompletedtheirstudies.Ontheotherhand,asmanybigenterprisesandevengovernmentdepartmentstendtoconcentrateonimmediateeconomicresultsandshowcomparativelylittleinterestinlongrangeresearch,thereisasteadyshiftofscientistsandresearchersfromthepureresearchtotheappliedfield,wheretherearemorejobsavailablewithbettersalaries.Allthishasnotonlyseriouslyinfluencedyoungpeople’sviewonthechoiceofcareers,butoneducationaswell.Manycollegeteachersdeplorethatfewerandfewerstudentsthesedaysacquireknowledge.

【答案】最近在高校畢業(yè)生擇業(yè)問題上出現(xiàn)了一種傾向,這就是畢業(yè)生越來越青睞大公司,很少有人愿意到研究單位。在物欲橫流的社會(huì)里,這是一個(gè)不可避免的問題。學(xué)生還沒有走出校門,大公司便在競(jìng)相聘用他們,向他們提供誘人的薪水和福利待遇。另一方面,由于許多大企業(yè),甚至包括一些政府部門往往看重直接經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,而相對(duì)來說對(duì)長(zhǎng)期的理論研究不感興趣,所以科研人員不斷從純理論研究領(lǐng)域流向?qū)嵱霉I(yè)。因?yàn)樵谀抢锕ぷ饕妊芯款I(lǐng)域里好找,工資往往也高。這些情況不僅嚴(yán)重影響青年人的擇業(yè)觀,而且還影響了教育。許多教師哀嘆,現(xiàn)在單純?yōu)榱藢W(xué)知識(shí)而學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生越來越少了。

21.單選題

Undoubtedlythefloodcouldhavebeen______ifthelocalgovernmenthadinvestedmoremoneyingreeningtheenvironment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.putoff

B.turnedoff

C.keptoff

D.writtenoff

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)putoff“推遲；扔掉；阻止”；B選項(xiàng)turnoff“關(guān)掉，關(guān)閉；拐彎，使轉(zhuǎn)變方向；使失去興趣”；C選項(xiàng)keepoff“讓開；不接近”；D選項(xiàng)writeoff“注銷；取消；勾銷；報(bào)廢”。句意：毫無疑問，如果當(dāng)?shù)卣诰G化環(huán)境方面投入更多的資金，洪水本可以被阻斷。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

22.翻譯題

Themostintensiveformsofrurallanduseforagriculturalpurposesarethoseconcernedwithharvestablecropsorwiththeproductionofanimalproducts.Unlikeprimitiveagriculture,whichinvolvedonlythetemporaryremovalofnaturalvegetationanddependedforashortperiodoftimenaturalsoilfertility,conventionalagriculturetodayuseslargeinputsofchemicals,energyandtechnicalskillstoproduceincreasedyieldsofcropsoranimals.Inthetechnologicallyadvancedcountriesfoodproductionisoftengreaterthanpopulationgrowth,anditispossibletoretireformerfarmlandsfromuseandtoproducecropsaccordingtodemandwithoutapproachingthemaximumyieldsobtainable.Theso-calledGreenRevolutionhasbeenbasedonthespreadsuchfarmingmethodstolessdevelopednationoftheworld.Ithasbeenmadepossiblebythebreedingofhigh-yieldingformsofgrainspecificallyadaptedtotheecologicalconditionsofthecountriesinvolved.Thedecisiontouseanareaoflandforhigh-yieldagricultureessentiallyrulesoutitsuseforattarpurposes.Theintensiveproductionoffarmcropsinanagriculturalregionmayalsohavesideeffects;ashasbeenpreviouslynoted,thesemayincludethepollutionofotherthepesticides,herbicides,orotheragriculturalchemicalsblownorwashedfromfarmlandsaffectvegetationandanimallifeelsewhere.Nevertheless,committinganareatointensiveagriculturalproductiondoesnotruleoutitsfuturerestorationforotheruses.Aslongasthesoilsarewellcaredfor,suchareascanbeconvenedquicklytootherpurposesifitisnotnecessarytokeeptheminfarmproduction.AbandonedfarmlandsinthesouthernUnitedStates,forexample,arenowhighlyproductiveforestareas,andformerfanninglandselsewherearebeingusedtosupportwildlifeandoutdoorrecreation.Ingeneralplanningforconservationofnaturalresources,intensiveuseandhighproductioninthoseareasbestsuitedforfarmingmustbeofcourse,thatthepollutingeffectsoftheseactivitiesonthegeneralenvironmentareavoided.Suchconcentrationcansparethedestructionofotherresourcesthroughtouseinadequatelandsformarginalfarmingactivities.

【答案】最密集的農(nóng)業(yè)用途的農(nóng)村土地使用形式與提高農(nóng)作物或者動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量有關(guān)。原始農(nóng)業(yè)涉及的僅僅是自然植被的臨時(shí)遷移，還有短時(shí)間內(nèi)依靠自然土壤的肥力，與之不同的是，今天的傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)使用大量的化學(xué)品，能源還有技術(shù)技能，從而農(nóng)作物和動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量得到很大的提高。技術(shù)先進(jìn)國(guó)家食物產(chǎn)量的增長(zhǎng)往往比人口增長(zhǎng)快，并有可能讓之前的農(nóng)田荒廢，根據(jù)需求生產(chǎn)作物，避免其索取接近最高產(chǎn)量。所謂的綠色革命一直立足于向世界欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家傳播這種耕作方式。通過播種適應(yīng)于當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)環(huán)境的高產(chǎn)作物可能實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)。決定使用某個(gè)地方來種植高產(chǎn)農(nóng)作物后，基本排除了將這個(gè)地方做其他用途。農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)的集約化農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)也有副作用；之前已經(jīng)提到過，這些可能包括其他地區(qū)的污染比如農(nóng)藥、除草劑或者從其他農(nóng)田風(fēng)刮過來或者沖過來的農(nóng)用化學(xué)品，這些都會(huì)影響到其他地方的植被和動(dòng)物。然而，將一個(gè)地區(qū)專項(xiàng)集約化農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)并不排除將來將其恢復(fù)用于其他用途。只要土壤被保護(hù)得好，這些地區(qū)能夠很快被轉(zhuǎn)換到其他目的，其他是沒有必要再讓它們用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。例如，美國(guó)南部的棄耕地，現(xiàn)在是高生產(chǎn)力的森林地區(qū)，其他前耕作土地正在用來支持野生動(dòng)物和戶外休閑。對(duì)自然資源的保護(hù)，針對(duì)最適合耕種的區(qū)域的集約化利用和高產(chǎn)量的總體規(guī)劃當(dāng)然應(yīng)該避免這些活動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)境的污染。這種集中通過利用邊際農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)中使用不足的土地可以免除對(duì)其他資源的破壞。

23.單選題

AnAsianengineerisassignedtoaU.S.laboratoryandalmostsuffersanervousbreakdown.AU.Sexecutivetellshisstallhe’sgoingtotreatthemfairlyandcreatesdissension.AJapanesemanageispromotebyhisBritishPresident,butwithinsixmonthsasksforatransfer.

Eachofthesereal-lifecasesinvolvedpeoplewhowereregardedassuperioremployees,butwereill-equippedtocopewiththecomplexitiesanddangersofinterculturalmanagement.

“Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelse,nowtheyarefinallylookingatculture,”saysCliffordClarke,founderandpresidentoftheCaliforniabasedIRIInternationalinc,oneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofconsultingfirmsthatspecializeinteachingbusinesspeoplefromdifferentcultureshowtocommunicateandworkwitheachother.

“NevershowtheshoetoanArad,neverarriveontimeforapartyinBrazil,andinJapan,don’tthink‘yes’means‘yes’,adviseU.S.consultantsLennieCoplandandLewisBrownGriggs,whohaveproducedaseriesoffilmsandabooktohelpmanagersimprovetheirinternationalbusinessskills.Butsimplylearningthesocial“dos”and“don’ts’'isnottheanswer,accordingtothenewculturespecialists.Thepenaltiesforignoringdifferentthinkingpatterns,theypointout,canbedisastrous.

Forexample,theAmericanmanagerwhopromisedtobefairthoughthewastellinghisJapanesestaffthattheirhardworkwouldberewarded,butwhensomeworkersreceivedhighersalaryincreasesthanothers,therewerecomplaints.“Youtoldusyou'dbefair,andyouliedtous,”accusedonesalesman.“'Ittookmeayearandahalf,”sighedtheAmerican,“torealizethat‘fair’，tomystaff,meantbeingtreatedequally.”

TheAsianengineerwhosufferedinAmericawasthevictimofanothermistakenexpectation,“hewasaccustomedtothewarmgroupenvironmentsotypicalinJapan,”saidhisU.S.Manager,“butinourcompany,we’reallexpectedtobeself-starters,whothriveonworkingalone.Forhim,itwasemotionalstarvation.He’smadetheadjustmentnow,buthe’dbehumiliatedif1toldyouhisname,that’sanotherculturedifference.”

TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldnotbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisLondon-basedsuperiors.“Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturecommunicationwasalotofbaloney,”saysEugeneJ.Flath,presidentofIntelJapanLtd,asubsidiaryoftheAmericansemiconductormaker.“Now,Icanseeitisarealproblem.Miscommunicationhasslowedourabilitytocoordinateactionwithourhomeoffice.”

“That’swhyIntel,withthehelpofconsultantClarke,begananinterculturaltrainingprogramthisspringwhichFlathexpectswilldramaticallyreducedecision-makingtimenowlostinmakingsuretheAmericanandtheJapaneseunderstandeachother.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（

）.

2.Fromthecontext,theword“baloney”iscloseinmeaningto

（

）.

3.WhydidtheJapanesestaffcomplaintotheAmericanmanager?

4.Theculturalcommunicationproblemsarebecomingespeciallyurgentfor

（

）.

5.WhydidthepromotedJapanesemanageraskfortransfer?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.BuildingBridgesOvertheCulturalRivets

B.MultinationalTrainingforBusinessman

C.LearningDifferentThinkingPatterns

D.CommunicationProblemsandComplaints

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.balcony

B.feat

C.nonsense

D.simplicity

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheAmericanmanagerhadliedtothem.

B.Thesalaryincreaseswereinsufficient.

C.Moststaffhadnotreceivedsalaryincreased.

D.Therewasamisunderstandingoftheword“fair”.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Americanmanagers

B.multinationalcompanies

C.Japaneseemployees

D.consultingfirms

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasnotcompetentforthehigherposition.

B.Hewasnotaccustomedtoworkingbyhimself.

C.Hecouldnotmaketheadjustmenttohisnewjob.

D.Helackedadequatecommunicationwithhissuperiors.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“本文最佳標(biāo)題是……”。文章首先是通過一些實(shí)例來引出不同文化間的交流障礙這個(gè)話題，比如一位亞洲工程師被派到美國(guó)實(shí)驗(yàn)室后幾乎精神奔潰；隨后提到跨國(guó)公司開始重視這個(gè)問題并且采取了一些措施來解決這些問題，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選項(xiàng)A包含了其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容，最適合做文章標(biāo)題。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章中可知，baloney與哪個(gè)單詞意思最接近”。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到（Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturecommunicationwasalotofbaloney）與（Icanseeitisarealproblem），把之前的觀點(diǎn)與現(xiàn)在的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，前后發(fā)生了變化，由此可知baloney的意思與“arealproblem”是相反的，即“胡說八道”的意思。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“為什么日本員工向他們美國(guó)經(jīng)理抱怨”。文章第五段提到“這位美國(guó)經(jīng)理說他花費(fèi)了一年半的時(shí)間來明白日本員工認(rèn)為的公平是被平等對(duì)待”（“'Ittookmeayearandahalf,”sighedtheAmerican,“torealizethat‘fair’，tomystaff,meantbeingtreatedequally.”），由此可以看出是因?yàn)閷?duì)fair這個(gè)單詞的誤解，使得日本員工對(duì)此抱怨。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“對(duì)于……來說，文化交流問題正變得特別重要”。文章第三段提到跨國(guó)公司開始重視文化（Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelse,nowtheyarefinallylookingatculture），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“被提升的日本籍經(jīng)理為什么要求換工作”。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到“不能適應(yīng)職位提升的日本經(jīng)理不能用更直接的語(yǔ)言與自己在英國(guó)的上司進(jìn)行溝通從而提出了調(diào)換工作的要求”（TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldnotbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisLondon-basedsuperiors），選項(xiàng)C“他不能適應(yīng)新工作”符合題意。

24.單選題

People___thatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.convinced

B.anticipated

C.resolved

D.assured

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)convinced“說服；使確信，使信服”；B選項(xiàng)anticipated“預(yù)料，預(yù)期；預(yù)見，預(yù)計(jì)（并做準(zhǔn)備）”；C選項(xiàng)resolved“決定；溶解；使……分解；決心要做……”；D選項(xiàng)assured“保證；擔(dān)保；使確信；弄清楚”。句意：人們___，垂直飛行運(yùn)輸將像今天的飛機(jī)一樣運(yùn)載數(shù)百萬乘客。本句表達(dá)“人們?cè)?jīng)預(yù)計(jì)”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

25.單選題

TherearetwocolumnsmarkedAandBbelow.10setwordsarelistedincolumnAwiththedefinitionsprovidedincolumnB.StudythephrasesincolumnAcarefullyandmatcheachwordwiththecorrectdefinitionincolumnB.

ColumnA

1.vitality

2.prompting

3.instantaneous

4.dynamic

5.prudent

6.original

7.feverish

8.facilitate

9.likewise

10.sponsor

ColumnB

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimm