考研考博-英語-九江學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-九江學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thedoctorhasdifficulty______thisinfection.

問題1選項

A.fortreading

B.totreat

C.intreating

D.beingtreating

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：醫(yī)生在治療這個感染病上遇到困難。做某事遇到困難用sb.havedifficulty(in)doingsth.，所以C選項intreating符合題意，故正確。其余選項語法錯誤。因此C選項正確。

2.單選題

Fundamentally,incomedisparitydescribestwodisparategroups:richandpoor.Itishardlynewsthatthericharegettingricher.Theunderlyingstoryisafamiliarone:thewealthiesthouseholdsownthemostassets,namelystocks,andassetpriceshaverisenataferociouspaceinrecentyears.Beyondthestandardexplanation,itisalsothecasethattheemergenceoftechnology,risingproductivity,andanexpandingglobalmarkethavebroughtforthanewupperclassamongcorporations.Thesenewlywealthyfirmspayskilledemployeeswellandinanever-tighterlabormarket,theyareforcedtoconstantlysweetentheiremployees'compensation.

Thentherearethepoor,whereconditionsarealittlemurky.Fallingunemployment,anecdotalevidenceofrisingstarlingwagesforlowlevelservicejobs,andtherelativenon-eventofwelfarereformsofarsuggestthatconditionsatthelowendareimproving.Yetatthesametime,wholecommunitiesundersiegebycrimeandhopelessnesscannotbeignored.

Thatsaid,incomeinequalityasablanketindictmentoffoureconomicsystemdoesnotfly.Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine.Theabilitytosomedayearnmore,toliveatahigherstandard,iswhatgetspeopleoutofbedinthemorning,particularlyinourconsumer-orientedeconomy.Incomedisparityonlybecomesaproblemifitwidenstotheextentthatthelaborforcebelievesthatgreaterwealthcanonlybeachievedbythealreadywealthy.

Indeed,itisunreasonabletostatethatincomedisparityiserodingthelaborforce'swilltoimproveproductivityandmoveahead.Increasinglaborforceparticipation,recordhomeownership,surgingconsumerconfidenceandspending,nearrecordlevelsofimmigration,andurbanrenewalareallanecdotalevidencethathopesarehigh.AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring.

Sowhyaretherestillverypoorhouseholdsinthiscountry?Therearemanyreasons.Oureconomyisshiftingtowardstheproductionofhighervaluegoodsandservices.Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly.TherehasalsobeenarecentsurgeofimmigrationintotheU.S.Manymigrantstothiscountry,particularlythosewhoareunskilledorlanguagechallenged,requiretimetobeabsorbedintooureconomy.Ifskillsarelacking,itmaytakeagenerationortwotomoveahead.

Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich.Oneofthefundamentalsofeconomicsisthatonedecideshowhardtowork,wheretowork,andwhatriskstotake.Monetarywealthisnotthesolemeansofmaximizingutility.Eachpersonhasafinitelifespanandfiniteabilities;itisuptotheindividualtoapplythoseastheyseefit.Thewealthygettingwealthierisnotalwaysevidencetoothersthattheythemselvesarefallingbehind.

1.Intheauthor’scountry,（）maybenefitfromthedevelopmentofitseconomy.

2.Itisimpliedinthispassagethatincomeinequalityis（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Theauthorbelievesthatincomedisparitywill（）.

5.Themainideapresentedinthelastparagraphisthat（）.

問題1選項

A.thewealthyratherthanthepoor

B.alltheimmigrants

C.onlyskilledemployees

D.allthepeople

問題2選項

A.notnecessarilyharmfultothepoor

B.harmfultothedevelopmentofeconomy

C.destructiveratherthanconstructive

D.beneficialonlytotherich

問題3選項

A.Everypersonwantstobecomerich

B.Unskilledpeopletendtobepoor

C.Mostimmigrantsareverypoor

D.Thewealthyisgettingwealthier

問題4選項

A.disappearsoonerorlater

B.begraduallynarrowed

C.persistaseverbefore

D.bemoreandmorewidened

問題5選項

A.noteverypersoniswillingtobecomeaswealthyaspossible

B.itisunderstandableforthewealthytogetwealthier

C.eachindividualknowsexactlywhathisultimategoalis

D.whatapersonpursuedintheworldisnotmonetarywealth

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在作者的國家，哪類人受益于經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展？”文章第四段最后一句話提到“所有人都在新經(jīng)濟中發(fā)展”(AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomy)，因此選項D符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“這篇文章暗示收入差距……”。文章第四段提到“各種各樣的人都在新經(jīng)濟中蓬勃發(fā)展，有足夠的證據(jù)表明大多數(shù)人仍然想要獲得發(fā)財機會”（AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring），由此可知“不一定對窮人有害”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“下列哪個表述是正確的？”文章第五段提到“非技術勞動力的償付水平與以前不同了……”（Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly），選項B“非技術人員傾向貧窮”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者認為收入差距將……”。文章第三段第一句話提到“收入差距是驅動經(jīng)濟引擎的汽油”（Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine），因此它不可能消失，所以選項C“一直存在”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。題目問的是“最后一段的主要思想是什么？”文章最后一段第一句提到變得富有并不是每個人的最終目標（Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich），因此選項A符合題意。

3.單選題

To（）istosaveandprotect,toleavewhatweourselvesenjoyinsuchgoodconditionthatothersmayalsosharetheenjoyment.

問題1選項

A.conserve

B.conceive

C.convert

D.contrive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項conserve“保存，保護”；B選項conceive“構思，設想”；C選項convert“轉變”；D選項contrive“謀劃”。句意：保護就是保存和保護，把我們自己喜歡的東西留在如此好的條件下，別人也可以分享我們的樂趣。選項A符合句意。

4.單選題

Itmaybeworthwhileatthismomentto（）andseewhatprogresswehavemadeafteroneyear’sstudyincollege.

問題1選項

A.lookinto

B.lookaround

C.lookover

D.lookback

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。Lookinto“調查，研究”；lookaround“環(huán)顧”；lookover“查看”；lookback“回顧”。句意：現(xiàn)在回顧一下我們在大學的一年學習中所取得的進步是值得的。選項D符合題意。

5.單選題

Theapartmenthasbeen（

）sineSmith'smovedout.

問題1選項

A.vacant

B.versatile

C.vacuum

D.vain

【答案】A

【解析】vacant空虛的，空缺的，空閑的；versatile多才多藝的，萬能的；vacuum真空的；vain徒勞的，自負的。句意：自從Smith搬出去后，那套公寓一直空著。選項A符合句意。

6.單選題

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblankfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CorDandwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

Publicofficialsandcandidatesforpublicofficesroutinelyusepublicopinionpollstokeep（31）ofwhatthepeoplearethinking.Animportantquestionisthedegreetowhichthesepollsshouldguideleaders（32）theiractions.Thereareargumentsforandagainsttheuseofpollsasthebasisforpolicy（33）.

Pollscancontributetoeffectivegovernmentbykeepingpoliticalleadersfromgettingtoofar（34）linewiththepublic’sthinking.Inademocraticsociety,theeffectivesofapublicpolicydependsontheextentofitspublic（35）.Whenapolicyiscontrarytothepublic’sdesires,peoplemaychooseto（36）orunderminedit,thusmakingitcounterproductiveorinefficient.Furthermore,whengovernment（37）acourseofactionwithwhichalargeproportionofthepublicdisagrees,it（38）alossofpublicconfidence,whichcanhaveanegativeeffectonitsabilitytolead.TheReaganadministration,flyinghighfrom1981to1985,wasbroughtlowin1986bypublicreactiontonewsofitssecretsalesofweaponstoIran.Theadministrationhadnotpaid（39）attentiontopollsthathadrevealedthedeepantagonismAmericansstillfelttowardIranbecausetheAyatollahKhomeini’sregimehadheldthreeAmericanhostages.

However,leaderscanalsodoadisservicetothepublictheyrepresentbyusingpollresultsasa（40）forpolicyjudgment.Effectivegovernment,asWalterLippmannwrote,cannotbeconductedbylegislatorsandofficialswho,whenaquestionispresented,askthemselvesfirstandlastnotwhatisthetruthandwhichistherightandnecessarycourse.

問題1選項

A.trace

B.trade

C.track

D.trap

問題2選項

A.with

B.to

C.for

D.in

問題3選項

A.determination

B.conclusion

C.decision

D.choice

問題4選項

A.from

B.by

C.at

D.about

問題5選項

A.admission

B.support

C.disagreement

D.reaction

問題6選項

A.dispute

B.disregard

C.disrespect

D.disrupt

問題7選項

A.continues

B.carrieson

C.embarks

D.pursues

問題8選項

A.risks

B.costs

C.makes

D.endangers

問題9選項

A.efficiency

B.effective

C.sufficient

D.scarce

問題10選項

A.replacement

B.substitute

C.change

D.diversity

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:B

【解析】31、【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查名詞與詞組辨析。A選項keeptraceof“保留痕跡，跟蹤”；B選項trade“貿(mào)易”；C選項keeptrackof“記錄；與……保持聯(lián)系，明了”；D選項trap“陷阱，圈套”。由空格后“whatthepeoplearethinking”（人民的想法）可知與其對應的是了解，明了的意思。A、B、D在此處語義不符。因此C選項正確。

32、【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析。由空格前后語義可知這里指這些民調應該在多大程度上指導領導人的行動，在……方面，使用介詞in。A選項with“隨著，由著”；B選項to“對于”；D選項for“給，對；為了”，在此處語義不符。因此D選項正確。

33、【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項determination“決心；果斷”；B選項conclusion“結論”；C選項decision“決定”；D選項choice“選擇”。由空格前“pollsasthebasisforpolicy”（民意作為政治……的基礎）可知與其對應的是決定，即將民調作為政治決定的基礎。A選項一般指人決心做某事；B、D在此處語義不符。因此C選項正確。

34、【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析與前后邏輯關系。Farfrom意為“遠離”，由空格前后語義可知這里指這些民調能幫助政治領導人避免與公眾的想法偏離太遠，從而提高政府的效率。因此A選項正確。

35、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析與語義關系。A選項admission“承認”；B選項support“支持；幫助”；C選項disagreement“不一致；爭論”；D選項reaction“反應，感應”。由空格前theeffectivesofapublicpolicydependsontheextentofitspublic”（公共政策的有效性取決于其公眾……的程度）可知與其對應的是支持，即有效性取決于公眾的支持程度。A、C、D在此處語義不符。因此B選項正確。

36、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項dispute“辯論；爭吵”；B選項disregard“忽視，無視”；C選項disrespect“無禮，失禮”；D選項disrupt“破壞；使瓦解”。由空格后“or”可知該空與undermined（破壞）是并列選擇關系。A、C選項在此處語義不符；D選項意義也為破壞，與空格后語義重復，排除。因此B選項正確。

37、【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項continues“繼續(xù)，連續(xù)”；B選項carrieson“開展；實行”；C選項embarks“上船（或飛機）”；D選項pursues“追求，從事”。由空格后“acourseofactionwithwhichalargeproportionofthepublicdisagrees”（大部分公眾不同意的行動方針）可知是采取大眾不同意的方針，pursue有一種貶義的意義，即對應后文帶來不好的影響。A、C選項在此處語義不符；B選項意義也為采取，實行，但多為褒義，即經(jīng)過周密調查而實行的計劃，排除。因此D選項正確。

38、【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項risks“冒……危險”；B選項costs“花費；使損失”；C選項makes“做，制作”；D選項endangers“危及；使遭到危險”。由空格后“l(fā)ossofpublicconfidence”（公眾信心的喪失）可知是實行公眾不同意的計劃，是冒著失去公眾信心的風險實行的，所以A選項與其語義相對應。B、C、D選項在此處語義不符，排除。因此A選項正確。

39、【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項efficiency“效率；效能；功效”為名詞，此處需填入形容詞，排除；B選項effective“有效的，起作用的”；C選項sufficient“足夠的；充分的”；D選項scarce“缺乏的，不足的”。由空格后“thathadrevealedthedeepantagonismAmericansstillfelttowardIranbecausetheAyatollahKhomeini’sregimehadheldthreeAmericanhostages”（這顯示出美國人對伊朗仍然懷有深深的敵意，因為阿亞圖拉?霍梅尼(AyatollahKhomeini)的政權扣押了三名美國人質）可知是由于政府沒有注意到民調顯示出的美國人仍然對伊朗懷有深深的敵意，所以D選項與其語義相對應。A、B、C選項在此處語義不符，排除。因此D選項正確。

40、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項replacement“更換；復位”，一般與介詞of以及by搭配使用；B選項substitute“代用品；代替者”，通常與介詞of以及for搭配使用；C選項change“變化”；D選項diversity“多樣性；差異”。由空格后介詞“for”可知B選項與其語義相對應。A選項一般表示代替不與for搭配；C、D選項在此處語義不符，排除。因此B選項正確。

7.單選題

Thistimehecouldaffordtomakenomistake:histeacherwasthere_______,watchingeverymove.

問題1選項

A.athiselbow

B.offhishand

C.onhisfeet

D.inhiseyes

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.athiselbow近在手邊，在身邊B.offhishand（getsth.offofone’shand把某物從某人手上甩掉）

C.onhisfeet站立著D.inhiseyes在他眼里

【答案】A

【考查點】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關鍵詞watchingeverymove，可知他不能再犯錯的原因是老師在關注他的一舉一動，athiselbow符合語境，也就是說老師就在旁邊，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項不符合語境。

【句意】這次他可不敢犯錯了：他老師就在他身邊，注視著他的一舉一動。

8.單選題

Althoughhehadbeengivenseveraltraffictickets,thedriver（）thathehadnotbeenresponsibleforasingleaccident.

問題1選項

A.defended

B.acknowledged

C.inferred

D.contended

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。defend辯護；acknowledged承認，確認；inferred推測；contended主張，為…競爭。句意：盡管他收到了幾張交通罰單，但司機辯護稱他對這幾起交通事故都沒有責任。由Although可知前后兩句是讓步關系。雖然該司機收到幾張罰單，但他辯護….故A項符合句意。

9.單選題

Itisbelievedthatdictionariesarehighestauthority[A]inmatterofmeaningandusage.[B]Fewpeopleask[C]bywhatauthoritythedictionariessaywhattheysay.Nowletusseehowdictionariesaremade.Butwhatfollows[D]appliesonlytothoseofficeswherefirsthand,originalresearchgoeson.

問題1選項

A.inmatterof

B.Fewpeople

C.bywhat

D.applies

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞用法。A選項中的matter做名詞時是可數(shù)名詞，它后面有meaning和usage兩個名詞，因此matter應改為matters。

10.單選題

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,and,hence,whetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

1.Whichofthefollowingistheprincipaltopicofthepassage?

2.Theauthoruses“l(fā)abormarketproblems”inlines1torefertowhichofthefollowing?

3.Theauthorcontraststhe1930swiththepresentinordertoshowthat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?

5.Theauthor’spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringatwelve-monthperiodismostprobablytoshowthat（）.

6.Theauthorstatesthatthemitigatingeffectofsocialprogramsinvolvingincometransfersontheincomeleveloflow-incomepeopleisoftennotfeltby（）.

7.Accordingtothepassage,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe（）.

8.Theconclusionstatedinlines15-19aboutthenumberofpeoplewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenessdependsprimarilyonthepointthat（）.

9.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,isthebestcriticismoftheauthor’sargumentconcerningwhypovertystatisticscannotproperlybeusedtoshowtheeffectsofproblemsinthelabormarket?

問題1選項

A.Whatcauseslabormarketpathologiesthatresultinsuffering

B.Whyincomemeasuresareimpreciseinmeasuringdegreesofpoverty

C.Wheretheareasofagreementareamongpoverty,employment,andearningsfigures

D.Howsocialstatisticsgiveanunclearpictureofthedegreeofhardshipcausedbylowwagesandinsufficientemploymentopportunities

問題2選項

A.Theoverallcausesofpoverty

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingoftheworkforce

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods

D.Shortagesofjobsprovidingadequateincome

問題3選項

A.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930s

B.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

C.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow

D.therenowisagreaterproportionofelderlyandhandicappedpeopleamongthoseinpoverty

問題4選項

A.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.

B.Acompromiseshouldbefoundbetweenthepositionsofthosewhoviewjoblessnessasanevilgreaterthaneconomiccontrolandthosewhoholdtheoppositeview.

C.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.

D.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.

問題5選項

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforce

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipresultingfromjoblessness

C.recurrentinadequaciesinthelabormarketcanexistandcancausehardshipsforindividualworkers

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanyonetimedonotsufferseverehardship

問題6選項

A.theemployedpoor

B.dependentchildreninsingle-earnerfamilies

C.workerswhobecomedisabled

D.retiredworkers

問題7選項

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflow-wageworkers

B.possibilitythatearningsmaybereceivedfrommorethanonejobperworker

C.establishmentofasystemofrecord-keepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

D.prevalence,amonglow-wageworkersandtheunemployed,ofmembersoffamiliesinwhichothersareemployed

問題8選項

A.intimesofhighunemployment,therearesomepeoplewhodonotremainunemployedforlong

B.thecapacityforself-supportdependsonreceivingmoderate-to-highwages

C.thoseinforcedidlenessinclude,besidestheunemployed,bothunderemployedpart-timeworkersandthosenotactivelyseekingwork

D.atdifferenttimesduringtheyear,differentpeopleareunemployed

問題9選項

A.Ashort-termincreaseinthenumberofthoseinpovertycanindicateashortageofjobsbecausethebasicnumberofthoseunabletoacceptemploymentremainsapproximatelyconstant.

B.Forthosewhoareinpovertyasaresultofjoblessness,therearesocialprogramsavailablethatprovideaminimumstandardofliving.

C.Povertystatisticsdonotconsistentlyagreewithearningsstatistics,wheneachistakenasameasureofhardshipresultingfromunemployment.

D.Theelderlyandhandicappedcategoriesincludemanywhopreviouslywereemployedinthelabormarket.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:A

【解析】1.主旨題。文章開頭引出了整篇文章的話題“Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.”有多少人會因為勞務市場問題而遭受不幸？這是最關鍵但也是最有爭議的社會政策問題之一。所以整篇文章的主題為勞務市場及就業(yè)問題。下文分析了這一問題的出現(xiàn)，并且提出由于社會統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)的缺陷和不完善，使人們無法確定勞務市場問題的嚴重程度和因勞務市場問題而遭受不幸的具體人數(shù)。最后文章提出“Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,and…”，由于這些相互矛盾的證據(jù)，目前還不確定那些由于勞務市場問題而遭受嚴重損失的人數(shù)是數(shù)十萬人還是數(shù)千萬人……由此可判斷出本篇文章主要內(nèi)容為：社會統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)是如何模糊不清地反映出低工資和就業(yè)機會不足所造成的困難程度的。選項D符合題意。

2.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第四句“Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.”，如今，失業(yè)不會像20世紀30年代那樣帶來可怕的后果，因為當時大多數(shù)失業(yè)者都是家里的主要經(jīng)濟支柱，當時收入通常更接近于溫飽線，當時對于那些在勞務市場上失敗的人，沒有相應的解決措施。所以整篇文章提到的勞務市場問題主要是兩個方面的問題，一是失業(yè)，二是收入。所以選項D“提供豐厚收入的崗位的缺乏”符合文章意思。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930s…”，可知作者認為在許多方面，社會統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)夸大了勞務市場的困難程度。將20世紀30年代和現(xiàn)今進行對比，是為了說明失業(yè)所帶來的后果不像20世紀30年代時那樣嚴重?？赏茢喑鍪I(yè)影響的嚴重程度有所降低。選項B符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions…”,作者提出的問題是“由于矛盾的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，不確定因為勞務市場問題而遭受不幸的具體人數(shù)究竟是多少”。根據(jù)文章最后一句“Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.”，作者對這一問題所持有的觀點是：現(xiàn)有的貧困、就業(yè)和收入統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)不足以用來衡量勞務市場問題的后果嚴重性?？赏茢喑鲎髡哚槍@一問題，可能最恰當?shù)奶嶙h是制定新的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，以衡量勞務市場問題所造成的不幸程度。選項C符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.”，可知第二段作者提出的主要觀點是我們的社會統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)在許多方面低估了與勞務市場相關的困難程度。此句為第二段的中心句，其他部分都是圍繞此句展開的論述，可推斷出下文作者提到那些一年之內(nèi)多次失業(yè)的人目的是為了說明失業(yè)統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)可能低估了失業(yè)帶來的困難。選項B符合題意。

6.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.”，我國的收入轉移一直集中在老年人、殘疾人和被贍養(yǎng)的人身上，而忽視了有工作的窮人的需要，因此，現(xiàn)金和實物轉移的急劇增長，并不一定意味著那些在勞務市場中遭受不幸的人得到了充分的保護?？膳袛喑鍪杖朕D移對低收入人群的緩解作用不惠及一些有工作的貧困者，選項A符合題意。

7.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后幾句“Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.”，文章提到收入數(shù)據(jù)也夸大了困難的程度，下文便解釋了原因，在數(shù)百萬小時工資處于或低于最低工資水平的人中，絕大多數(shù)都有多份收入，而且家庭相對富裕。可判斷出導致失業(yè)和收入數(shù)據(jù)高估經(jīng)濟困難程度的一個原因是在低收入和失業(yè)的人群中，普遍存在有工作的家庭的人。選項D符合題意。

8.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.”，對于被迫失業(yè)而受苦的人數(shù)，作者的結論為：由于一年中某段時間內(nèi)失業(yè)的人數(shù)是某個月失業(yè)人數(shù)的幾倍，因此那些被迫失業(yè)而受苦的人數(shù)可能等于或超過年平均失業(yè)人數(shù)，盡管在任何一個月里只有少數(shù)失業(yè)者真正受苦。下文就對這個結論進行了進一步說明，根據(jù)文章“Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.”，對于被記入月失業(yè)人數(shù)中的人來說，有些人因為沒有能力找到全職工作而做兼職，或者在勞務市場外，但是需要一份工作?？赏茢喑鲎髡邔τ诒黄仁I(yè)而受苦的人數(shù)做出的結論，主要取決于這一點：被迫失業(yè)的人除了失業(yè)者外，還包括未充分就業(yè)的兼職工作者和不積極尋找工作的人。選項C符合題意。

9.推斷題。題目意思為“下列哪一項最能夠批判作者關于為什么貧困統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)不能如實地表現(xiàn)出勞務市場存在的問題的觀點”，實際上題目要求選出與作者觀點相反的一項。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.”作者對于這一問題的觀點為：因為貧困統(tǒng)計中的大多數(shù)是老年人或殘疾人，或有些人由于家庭負擔而無法成為勞動力，所以貧困統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)無法準確地反映勞務市場的問題?？赏茢喑雠c此觀點相反的選項為A“貧困人口數(shù)量的短期增加可能表明就業(yè)崗位不足，因為無法接受就業(yè)的人員的基數(shù)大致保持不變?！保x項A符合題意。

11.單選題

Doyouagreewiththesayingthatthemonkeywasthe（

）ofhumanrace?

問題1選項

A.offspring

B.successor

C.breeder

D.predecessor

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項offspring“后代，子孫”；B選項successor“繼承者”；C選項breeder“飼養(yǎng)員，繁殖者”；D選項predecessor“前身，祖先”。句意：你同意猴子是人類祖先的說法嗎?選項D符合句意。

12.單選題

Ifeachrepresentativepresentheremakeshisusualspeech,themeetingwillbe（

）morethananhour.

問題1選項

A.expanded

B.prolonged

C.delayed

D.exceeded

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項expand“擴張”；B選項prolong“延長”；C選項delay“延遲”；D選項exceed“超過”。句意：如果每位出席的代表都像往常一樣發(fā)言，會議將延長一個多小時。選項B符合句意。

13.單選題

Wedidn’texpectthatthelocalgovernmentwassoefficient;allthethingswentwithaminimum（）andmaximumspeed.

問題1選項

A.autonomy

B.automation

C.frequency

D.bureaucracy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞解析。A選項autonomy“自治”；B選項automation“自動化”；C選項frequency“頻率；頻繁”；D選項bureaucracy“官僚主義”。句意：我們真沒料想當?shù)卣故侨绱酥v效率，所有事情以最低的……和最快的速度進行。governmentwassoefficient“政府的辦事效率高”，可以說明現(xiàn)在政府中一些官僚主義減少了。因此D選項符合題意。

14.單選題

AtBuffaloCreek,WestVirginia,amakeshiftdamatacoalminesitecollapsedwithalossofmorethan100lives.

問題1選項

A.fragile

B.massive

C.crude

D.temporary

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.fragile易碎的，易損的B.massive巨大的，大而重的

C.crude粗略的，簡略的D.temporary暫時的，臨時的

【答案】D

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】makeshift的意思為“臨時替代的，權宜的”，用來形容dam，指的是煤礦工地的臨時大壩，temporary與之詞義相近，因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】在西弗吉尼亞州的布法羅溪，某個煤礦工地的臨時大壩倒塌，造成100多人死亡。

15.單選題

Ifearlyhumans（

）asmuchastheydid,theyprobably（

）toevolveintodifferentspecies.

問題1選項

A.didnotmoveandintermingle...wouldcontinue

B.wouldnotmoveandintermingle...hadcontinued

C.hadnotmovedandintermingled...wouldhavecontinued

D.werenottomoveandintermingle...couldhavecontinued

【答案】C

【解析】由題干句末“進化成不同物種可知”，本題考查虛擬條件句。題干中的主語是earlyhumans“早期的人類”，說明這是對過去事實的虛擬。因此只有C選項符合題意。

16.單選題

TheSpaceAge_____inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.

問題1選項

A.initiated

B.originated

C.embarked

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項initiate“開始，發(fā)起”，一般指活動，團體的產(chǎn)生；B選項originate“起源于，來自，產(chǎn)生”；C選項embark“上船，裝船，從事”，后面常接介詞on/upon；D選項commence“開始”，指重大事件及歷史時期的開始。根據(jù)TheSpaceAge（太空時代）和thefirstartificialsatellite（第一顆人造衛(wèi)星）可知是一件重大事件，因此選D。句意：太空時代始于1957年10月，當時蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射了第一顆人造衛(wèi)星。

17.翻譯題

交流促進發(fā)展。一個國家、一個民族，只要不是由于主觀和客觀的種種原因而長期處于孤立、閉塞的狀態(tài)之中，或多或少都可以從交流中得到好處。

事實上，在現(xiàn)代國家中，絕對不受外來影響的固有文化是不存在的。一位外國的著名歷史學家曾經(jīng)寫道：“任何國家的文明，來自外來影響的產(chǎn)物總是多于本國的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。如果有人要把英國文化中任何受外國影響或來源于外國的東西剔除掉，那么，英國的文化就所剩無幾了?！?/p>

事實也近乎如此。中國古代的四大發(fā)明曾經(jīng)給古代世界的文化發(fā)展以巨大的推動。漢唐文化對朝鮮、日本等毗鄰國家的文化發(fā)展，更是給予了深刻而又久遠的影響。同樣，近代和現(xiàn)代西方的許多重要科學成果，也改變了并繼續(xù)改變著當代中國人的生活。

【答案】Actually,inmoderncountries,anintrinsiccultureabsolutelyimmunetoforeigninfluenceisnon-exist.Afamousforeignhistorianoncesaid:“Thecivilizationofanycountryismuchmoretheproductofexternalinfluencesthanofnativeinventions.IfonesubtractedeverythingfromtheEnglishculturethathasforeignrootsorbearssomeforeigninfluence,therewouldbelittleleft.”

Thisisnotfarfrombeingtrue.TheFourGreatInventionsinAncientChinagreatlyadvancedtheancientcivilizationoftheworld.Moresignificantly,theChinesecultureofHanandTangDynastiesexercisedaprofoundandlastinginfluenceonsuchneighboringcountriesasKoreaandJapan.Inthesameway,themajorscientificachievementsofmodernandcontemporaryWesthavechangedandarestillchangingtheChineselifetoday.

18.單選題

Whenyouprepareforyourspeech,besure