考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京第二外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京第二外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ticketsforthefirstthreerowsarenotavailabletothoseofordinarysocialstanding;theyare（

）

forcelebrities.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.retained

B.occupied

C.preserved

D.reserved

【答案】D

【解析】retained保留,保存；occupied占用；preserved保藏；reserved預(yù)訂,保留。句意：社會(huì)地位一般的人買不到前三排的票;它們是為名人保留的。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

2.寫(xiě)作題

Directions:Opinionsvaryaboutthemostimportantfactorthatinfluencesastudent’ssuccessinschool.Somepeoplearguethatthemostimportantfactorisagoodteacher.Giveyourcommentbyusingspecificreasonsandexamples.Pleasewriteanessayonthistopicinnolessthan200wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】【參考范文】

Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonwhatisthemostimportantfactortoinfluencestudents’successinschool.Somepeoplethinkthemostimportantfactoristhestudents’intellectualabilityorstudents’interestinlearning,whileothersbelievethatateacherwithrichteachingexperienceisthemostimportant,becausesuchateachercangivestudentsthemostaccurateguidanceinclass.Personally,Ibelievethattherearemanyfactorsthataffectstudents’academicperformance,althoughteachersareimportant,thefoundationoflearninglieswiththestudentsthemselves.

Firstly,studentsarethesubjectsoflearningandthebearersoflearningtasks.Iftheyarenotwillingtolearn,orthereareproblemsinlearningmethodsandattitudes,itisquitenormalthattheydonothaveobviousachievements.Therefore,inordertogetstudentstodowell,thefirstproblemtobesolvedshouldbetoarousestudents’learningenthusiasm,teachthemthelearningmethodsandskillstheyshouldhave,andmakethemwillingtolearn,otherwiseothereffortswillbeinvain.

Secondly,theteacher’steachingisalsoveryimportant.Therealmastersarethosewhoaregoodatsimplifyingcomplexproblems,notthoseso-calledexpertswhoaremystifying.Iftheteachercansystemizethefragmentedknowledge,simplifythecomplexknowledge,maketheboringknowledgeinteresting,andteachsomelearningskills,itwillgreatlyreducethedifficultyofstudents’learning,sothatmorestudentswillbewillingtolearn.Butit’sallbasedonstudents’willingnesstolearn.

Inconclusion,themostimportantfactoraffectingstudents’academicperformanceisthestudentsthemselves.Ifwecanworkonthefactorsthatcanbechanged,Ibelievethatourstudents’performancewillimprove.

3.單選題

Investigatorsbelievethefirewascausedby（）electricalwiring.Theysaidthebuilding’swiringhadnotbeendonebyaprofessionalelectrician.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sober

B.faulty

C.prompt

D.fussy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sober“清醒的”；B選項(xiàng)faulty“錯(cuò)誤的”；C選項(xiàng)prompt“敏捷的”；D選項(xiàng)fussy“愛(ài)挑剔的”。句意：調(diào)查人員認(rèn)為火災(zāi)是由錯(cuò)誤的電線引起的。他們說(shuō)，大樓的布線不是由專業(yè)電工完成的。本句表示錯(cuò)誤的電線布線。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

BenjaminFranklin,tactlessinhisyouth,becamesodiplomatic,so______athandlingpeoplethathewasmadeAmericanAmbassadortoFrance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adroit

B.shrewd

C.considerate

D.foxy

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adroit“敏捷的，靈巧的；熟練的”；B選項(xiàng)shrewd“精明的；機(jī)靈的”；C選項(xiàng)considerate“體貼的；體諒的；考慮周到的”；D選項(xiàng)foxy“像狐貍的；狡猾的；（女性）狐媚的；赤褐色的；（葡萄酒）有麝香味的；（紙或其他材料）有斑點(diǎn)的，泛黃的”。句意：本杰明?富蘭克林年輕時(shí)很笨拙，但后來(lái)變得善于交際，善于與人打交道，被任命為美國(guó)駐法國(guó)大使。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Volcanicfireandglacialicearenaturalenemies.Eruptionsatglaciatedvolcanoestypicallydestroyicefields,astheydidin1980when70%ofMountSaintHelensicecoverwasdemolished.Duringlongdormantintervals,glaciersgaintheupperhandcuttingdeeplyintovolcanicconesandeventuallyreducingthemtorubble.OnlyrarelydothesecompetingforcesofheatandcoldoperateinperfectbalancetocreateaphenomenonsuchasthesteamcavesatMountRainierNationalPark.

LocatedinsideRainier’stwoice-filledsummitcraters,thesecavesformalabyrinthoftunnelsandvaultedchambersaboutoneandone-halfmilesintotallength.Theircreationdependsonanunusualcombinationoffactorsthatnaturealmostneverbringstogetherinoneplace.Thecave-makingrecipecallsforasteadyemissionofvolcanicgasandheat,aheavyannualsnowfallatanelevationhighenoughtokeepitfrommeltingduringthesummer,andabowl-shapedcratertoholdthesnow.

SnowaccumulatingyearlyinRainier’ssummitcratersiscompactedandcompressedintoadenseformoficecalledfirm,asubstancemidwaybetweenordinaryiceandthedensercrystallineicethatmakesupglaciers.Heatrisingfromnumerousopening(calledfumaroles)alongtheinnercraterwallsmeltsoutchambersbetweentherockywallsandtheoverlyingicepack.Circulatingcurrentsofwarmairthenmeltadditionalopeningsinthefirmice,eventuallyconnectingtheindividualchambersand,inthelargerofRainier’stwocraters,formingacontinuouspassagewaythatextendstwo-thirdsofthewayaroundthecratersinterior.

Tomaintainthecavesystem,theelementsoffireundericemustremaininequilibrium.Enoughsnowmustfillthecratereachyeartoreplacethatmeltedfrombelow.Iftoomuchvolcanicheatisdischarged,thecrater’sicepackwillmeltawayentirelyandthecaveswillvanishalongwiththesnowsofyesteryear.Iftoolittleheatisproduced,theice,replenishedannuallybywintersnowstorms,willexpand,pushingagainsttheenclosingcraterwallsandsmotheringthepresentcavernsinsolidfirnice.

31.Withwhattopicisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

32.Accordingtothepassage,longperiodsofvolcanicinactivitycanleadtoavolcaniccone’s______.

33.ThesecondparagraphmentionsallofthefollowingasnecessaryelementsinthecreationofsteamcavesEXCEPT______.

34.Accordingtothepassage,heatfromMountRainier’ssummitcratersrisesfrom______.

35.“smothering”(Paragraph4)means______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheimportanceofsnowfallforMountRainier.

B.ThesteamcavesofMountRainier’s.

C.Howicecoversaredestroyed.

D.TheeruptionofMountSaintHelensin1980.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.strongeruption

B.suddengrowth

C.destruction

D.unpredictability

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.aglacier

B.acrater

C.heat

D.snow

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.crystallineice

B.firns

C.chambers

D.fumaroles

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.eliminate

B.enlarged

C.prevented

D.hollowed

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】31.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章主要討論什么主題？”。文章第一段通過(guò)火山火和冰川冰的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)引出雷尼爾山國(guó)家公園的蒸汽洞穴的話題，隨即第二段介紹了蒸汽洞穴形成的特征，第三段講述冰川與火山口相互作用形成蒸汽洞的具體過(guò)程，最后一段講述了蒸汽洞的維持需要熱與雪在火山口的獨(dú)特平衡。綜上所述，這篇文章主要討論的是雷尼爾山的蒸汽洞穴，B項(xiàng)“雷尼爾山的蒸汽洞穴”正確。A項(xiàng)“降雪對(duì)雷尼爾山的重要性”屬于以偏概全。C項(xiàng)“冰雪是如何被破壞的”和D項(xiàng)“1980年圣海倫斯火山爆發(fā)”只是少部分提及或者舉例，也屬于以偏概全。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

32.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這篇文章，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的火山不活動(dòng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致火山錐的……”。定位第一段第三句Duringlongdormantintervals,glaciersgaintheupperhandcuttingdeeplyintovolcanicconesandeventuallyreducingthemtorubble.（在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的休眠期間，冰川占據(jù)上風(fēng)，深深地切割火山錐，最終將它們夷為平地）可知，如果火山長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不活動(dòng)，那么冰川會(huì)把火山錐夷為平地，C項(xiàng)“破壞”正確。A項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)烈的火山噴發(fā)”和B項(xiàng)“突然的增長(zhǎng)”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。D項(xiàng)“不可預(yù)測(cè)性”屬于無(wú)中生有。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

33.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“第二段提到了除了……以外的所有蒸汽洞穴的必要元素”。定位第二段第二句Thecave-makingrecipecallsforasteadyemissionofvolcanicgasandheat,aheavyannualsnowfallatanelevationhighenoughtokeepitfrommeltingduringthesummer,andabowl-shapedcratertoholdthesnow.（建造洞穴的方法需要穩(wěn)定的火山氣體和熱量的釋放，在海拔足夠高的地方每年有大量的降雪，以防止在夏季融化，還有一個(gè)碗狀的火山口來(lái)容納雪）可知，蒸汽洞穴的必要元素是火山口、降雪和熱量，B項(xiàng)“火山口”、C項(xiàng)“熱”和D項(xiàng)“雪”都正確。只有A項(xiàng)“冰川”沒(méi)提到。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

34.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這篇文章，雷尼爾山山頂火山口的熱量從……上升”。定位第三段第二句Heatrisingfromnumerousopening(calledfumaroles)alongtheinnercraterwallsmeltsoutchambersbetweentherockywallsandtheoverlyingicepack.（沿著火山口內(nèi)壁的大量噴氣孔上升的熱量融化了巖壁和上面的冰袋之間的洞穴）可知，D項(xiàng)“噴氣孔”正確。定位第一句SnowaccumulatingyearlyinRainier’ssummitcratersiscompactedandcompressedintoadenseformoficecalledfirn,asubstancemidwaybetweenordinaryiceandthedensercrystallineicethatmakesupglaciers.（在雷尼爾山頂?shù)碾E石坑里，每年積累的雪被壓實(shí)并壓縮成一種稱為硬冰的密集形式，這種物質(zhì)介于普通冰和構(gòu)成冰川的更致密的結(jié)晶冰之間）可知，A項(xiàng)“結(jié)晶冰”和B項(xiàng)“積雪”與題干無(wú)關(guān)，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。C項(xiàng)“洞穴”也屬于出處錯(cuò)位。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

35.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“第四段的smothering的意思是……”。定位第四段最后一句Iftoolittleheatisproduced,theice,replenishedannuallybywintersnowstorms,willexpand,pushingagainsttheenclosingcraterwallsandsmotheringthepresentcavernsinsolidfirnice.（如果產(chǎn)生的熱量太少，每年由冬季暴風(fēng)雪補(bǔ)充的冰就會(huì)膨脹，擠壓周圍的隕石坑壁，并用堅(jiān)實(shí)的冰smothering現(xiàn)在的洞穴），結(jié)合前一句Iftoomuchvolcanicheatisdischarged,thecrater’sicepackwillmeltawayentirelyandthecaveswillvanishalongwiththesnowsofyesteryear.（如果火山釋放出過(guò)多的熱量，火山口的冰塊將完全融化，洞穴將和去年的雪一起消失），這兩句分別是闡述熱量過(guò)少和熱量過(guò)多時(shí)，蒸汽洞穴的變化，前一句提到了vanish，所以smothering的意思也和vanish相近，表示“消失”，A項(xiàng)“消除”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“放大”、C項(xiàng)“預(yù)防”和D項(xiàng)“挖空”都是曲解原文。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thedoctorsareverymuchworriedaboutthe（）ofthepatient’sconditionafteroperation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disposition

B.deliberation

C.deterioration

D.diversion

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。disposition“處置,性情”;deliberation“審議,考慮”;deterioration“惡化,退化”;diversion“消遣,轉(zhuǎn)移注意力”。句意:醫(yī)生非常擔(dān)心病人手術(shù)后情況會(huì)惡化。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

Thatthematerialintheadsmaynotbepertinenttotherealissuesthecandidatewillbeaddressingonceinofficeorwhattheymightdoontherealissuestheymightfaceis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atallpoints

B.besidethepoint

C.uptoapoint

D.tothepoint

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。atallpoints“在各方面”；besidethepoint“不中肯，離題”；uptoapoint“在一定程度上”；tothepoint“中肯”。句意：廣告中的內(nèi)容可能與候選人在正式會(huì)議上要討論的真正問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)，或者與在他們可能面臨的真正問(wèn)題所處理的事情也不相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Weneedonehundredmoresignaturesbeforewetakethe（

）tothegovernor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.panel

B.kernel

C.petition

D.paragraph

【答案】C

【解析】panel儀表板,陪審員；kernel核心,要點(diǎn)；petition請(qǐng)?jiān)笗?shū),訴狀。句意:在把請(qǐng)?jiān)笗?shū)遞交給州長(zhǎng)之前,我們還需要100多人的簽名。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.單選題

Weshouldalwayskeepinmindthat（）decisionsoftenleadtobitterregrets.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.urgent

B.hasty

C.instant

D.prompt

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，既然是痛苦的后悔，說(shuō)明決定很草率，選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

10.單選題

Sometimespatientssufferingfromseverepaincanbehelpedby"drugs”thataren'treallydrugsatall（

）sugarpillsthatcontainnoactivechemicalelements.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.butrather

B.orratherthan

C.orrather

D.butratherthan

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。no...butrather...“不是……而是”固定搭配。句意：有時(shí)候能幫助緩解病人劇痛的不是真正意義上的藥物，而是不含任何化學(xué)成分的糖衣片。答案A

11.單選題

Yearsaftertheaccidenthewasstill（）byimagesofdeathanddestruction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.twisted

B.dipped

C.haunted

D.submerged

【答案】C

【解析】句意:事故過(guò)去好多年后，他的腦中仍縈繞著死亡和毀滅的畫(huà)面。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。twist扭曲，扭動(dòng)；dip浸，蘸；haunt縈繞；submerge淹沒(méi)，沉入水中。因此C符合句意。

12.翻譯題

Menliveinsocietynotbecausetheyaremen,butbecausetheyareanimals.Thesocialwayoflifeisastageintheevolutionoflifepriortotheappearanceofthehumanrace.

Whatisdistinctiveaboutmanisthathehaddevelopedsocialorganizationfarmorequicklythananyotheranimalspecies,sothatitisagiantstepincomplexitybetweenthemostelaboratenon-humansocietyandthemostelementarysocietyofmen.Humansocietysharescharacteristicswithanimalsocieties;itisformedbyagivenpopulationofindividuals,allbelongingtothesamespecies.Itshowsaninternalspecializationoftasks.Individualsinteractasmembersofthesamespeciesandpossessonecommonlanguagewhichsetsthemapartfromotherspecies.Thelevelofpopulationisperpetuatedbymeansofbiologicalreproductionandofconstantstruggleagainsttheenvironment.Similaritieslikethesebecameconspicuouswhenhumansocialorganizationiscomparedwiththatofotherprimates(靈長(zhǎng)目).

【答案】【參考譯文】人類生活在社會(huì)中不是因?yàn)樗麄兪侨?，而是因?yàn)樗麄兪莿?dòng)物。社會(huì)性的生活方式是生命進(jìn)化中一個(gè)先于人類出現(xiàn)的階段。

人類的獨(dú)特之處在于他發(fā)展社會(huì)組織的速度要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)快于任何其他動(dòng)物物種，所以在區(qū)分最復(fù)雜的非人類社會(huì)和最初級(jí)的人類社會(huì)之間的復(fù)雜性方面，這是一大的進(jìn)步。人類社會(huì)和動(dòng)物社會(huì)具有相同的特點(diǎn)，它是由屬于同一物種的特定數(shù)量的個(gè)體組成；它顯示了任務(wù)的內(nèi)部具體化過(guò)程。個(gè)體作為同一物種的一部分相互接觸，擁有著共同的語(yǔ)言，而正是這種語(yǔ)言將他們與其他物種區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)；通過(guò)生物繁衍和與環(huán)境的持續(xù)斗爭(zhēng)，人口數(shù)量基本保持不變。當(dāng)人類社會(huì)組織和其他靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物的社會(huì)組織作比較時(shí)，類似這樣的相同之處就變得明顯了。

13.單選題

Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmelterscomparedwithanimals,21thisislargelybecause,22animals,westandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare23toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,24__themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact,__25__,weareextremelysensitivetosmells,__26wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof27humansmellsevenwhentheseare28tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.

Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,__29__othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate30smellreceptorsinthenose,Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend31tothebrain,However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell32cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen33toitoftenenough.

Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit34tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan35newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay__36__explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells—wesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot37oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe38newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’s.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors39forunfamiliarandemergencysignals__40__thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.although

B.as

C.but

D.while

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.above

B.unlike

C.excluding

D.besides

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.limited

B.committed

C.dedicated

D.confined

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.catching

B.ignoring

C.missing

D.tracking

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.anyway

B.though

C.instead

D.therefore

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.evenif

B.ifonly

C.onlyif

D.asif

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.distinguishing

B.discovering

C.determining

D.detecting

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.diluted

B.dissolved

C.dispersed

D.diffused

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.since

C.for

D.whereas

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.unusual

B.particular

C.unique

D.typical

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.signs

B.stimuli

C.messages

D.impulses

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.atfirst

B.atall

C.atlarge

D.attimes

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.subjected

B.left

C.drawn

D.exposed

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.ineffective

B.incompetent

C.inefficient

D.insufficient

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.introduce

B.summon

C.trigger

D.create

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.still

B.also

C.otherwise

D.nevertheless

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.sure

B.sick

C.aware

D.tired

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.tolerate

B.repel

C.neglect

D.notice

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.available

B.reliable

C.identifiable

D.suitable

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.similarto

B.suchas

C.alongwith

D.asidefrom

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:B

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:D

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:D

第19題:A

第20題:B

【解析】21.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查邏輯銜接。A項(xiàng)although表示讓步，B項(xiàng)as表示時(shí)間或者原因，C項(xiàng)but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，D項(xiàng)while表示時(shí)間或者對(duì)比；根據(jù)句子Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,…thisislargelybecause,…animals,westandupright.（與動(dòng)物相比，人類常常被認(rèn)為嗅覺(jué)不夠敏銳，……這主要原因是因?yàn)椋瓌?dòng)物，人類直立行走）可知，這里應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系；but表示后面的內(nèi)容是語(yǔ)句重心所在，While也可以表示對(duì)比、轉(zhuǎn)折，但作為從屬連詞也有讓步含義。從本題前后的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系來(lái)看，后半句語(yǔ)義應(yīng)當(dāng)是重心所在，因此正確答案為C。

22.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接。A項(xiàng)above“在……上面”，B項(xiàng)unlike“不像”，C項(xiàng)excluding“除……之外”，D項(xiàng)besides“另外”；根據(jù)句子butthisislargelybecause,…animals,westandright.（但是主要原因是因?yàn)?，……?dòng)物，人類直立行走）可知，人類不像動(dòng)物一樣，人類是直立行走的。因此正確答案為B。

23.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接及詞匯辨析。A項(xiàng)limited“限制的”，belimitedto被限制在（指能力的缺點(diǎn)，弱點(diǎn)）；B項(xiàng)committed“堅(jiān)定的，效忠的”，becommittedto致力于；C項(xiàng)dedicated“專注的，獻(xiàn)身的”，bededicatedto獻(xiàn)身于，從事于；D項(xiàng)confined“有限制的，封閉的”，beconfinedto限制在，局限于（某地或某種境地）；根據(jù)句子Thismeansthatournosesare…toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair.（這意味著我們的鼻子……聞到漂浮在空氣中的氣味）可知，我們的鼻子只能感知飄在空氣中的氣味。B、C錯(cuò)誤，D項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)義。因此正確答案為A。

24.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接。A項(xiàng)catching“抓住”，B項(xiàng)ignoring“忽視”，C項(xiàng)missing“錯(cuò)過(guò)”，D項(xiàng)tracking“跟蹤，追溯”；根據(jù)句子Thismeansthatournosesarelimitedtoperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,…themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.（.這意味著我們的鼻子只能聞到漂浮在空氣中的氣味，……附著于地表的大多數(shù)氣味）可知，我們的鼻子只能聞到浮在空氣中的氣味，對(duì)于大部分停留在表面的氣味是聞不到的。首先可以排除A、D項(xiàng)，ignore含有“有意不……”的意思，顯然不符合語(yǔ)境。因此正確答案為C。

25.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查邏輯銜接。A項(xiàng)anyway“不管怎樣”（表示讓步），B項(xiàng)though“盡管”（表示讓步或轉(zhuǎn)折），C項(xiàng)instead“相反，然而”，D項(xiàng)therefore“因此”（表示結(jié)果）；根據(jù)句子Infact,…weareextremelysensitivetosmells,wedonotgenerallyrealizeit（事實(shí)上，我們對(duì)氣味非常敏感，我們通常沒(méi)有注意到這一點(diǎn)）可知，本句中的infact提示了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此要選擇表示轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系詞。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有though能與infact連用表示轉(zhuǎn)折；因此正確答案為B。

26.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查邏輯銜接。A項(xiàng)evenif“即使”（表示讓步），B項(xiàng)ifonly“但愿”（后常接虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示愿望），C項(xiàng)onlyif“如果”（用于表達(dá)條件關(guān)系，only表強(qiáng)調(diào)），D項(xiàng)asif“似乎”（用于表達(dá)比較關(guān)系）；根據(jù)句子Infact,thoughweareextremelysensitivetosmells,…wedonotgenerallyrealizeit（事實(shí)上，我們對(duì)氣味非常敏感，……我們通常沒(méi)有注意到這一點(diǎn)）可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)evenif用于表達(dá)讓步關(guān)系；因此正確答案為A。

27.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接和詞匯辨析。A項(xiàng)distinguish“區(qū)別”，B項(xiàng)discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”（原先沒(méi)看見(jiàn)或不知道的事物），C項(xiàng)determine“決定”，D項(xiàng)detect“察覺(jué)，發(fā)現(xiàn)”（尤指發(fā)現(xiàn)有意隱藏之物）；根據(jù)句子Ournosesarecapableof…h(huán)umansmells（我們的鼻子能……人的氣味）可知，我們的鼻子能察覺(jué)（引申為聞到）人的氣味；因此正確答案為D。

28.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接和詞匯辨析。A項(xiàng)diluted“稀釋的（可指液體或氣體的稀釋）”，B項(xiàng)dissolved“溶解（通常指固體溶解為液體）”，C項(xiàng)dispersed“散開(kāi)”，D項(xiàng)diffused“擴(kuò)散，彌漫”；根據(jù)句子Ournosesarecapableofdetectinghumansmellsevenwhentheseare…tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.（我們的鼻子能夠聞到人的氣味，即使這些氣味被……到百萬(wàn)分之一）可知，氣味應(yīng)該是被稀釋或沖淡到百萬(wàn)分之一；因此正確答案為A。

29.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查邏輯銜接。A項(xiàng)when“何時(shí)”，B項(xiàng)since“自從”，C項(xiàng)for“為”，D項(xiàng)whereas“然而，鑒于”；根據(jù)句子Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,…othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers（奇怪的是，有些人發(fā)現(xiàn)他們能聞到一種花卻聞不到另一種，……其他人對(duì)兩種花的氣味都很敏感）可知，此處顯然構(gòu)成一種對(duì)比關(guān)系，只有whereas能用于引導(dǎo)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句。因此正確答案為D。

30.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查詞匯辨析。A項(xiàng)unusual“不尋常的”，B項(xiàng)particular“特別的”（強(qiáng)調(diào)某一個(gè)體或某一集團(tuán)所獨(dú)有的），C項(xiàng)unique“獨(dú)特的”（強(qiáng)調(diào)獨(dú)一無(wú)二的），D項(xiàng)typical“典型的”；根據(jù)句子Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate…smellreceptorsinthenose.（這可能是因?yàn)橛行┤藳](méi)有可以在鼻子里產(chǎn)生……嗅覺(jué)感受器所必需的基因）可知，此處應(yīng)該表示特別的嗅覺(jué)感受器；因此正確答案為B。

31.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接。A項(xiàng)sign“標(biāo)記”，B項(xiàng)stimuli“刺激”，C項(xiàng)message“信號(hào)”，D項(xiàng)impulse“沖動(dòng)，推動(dòng)”；根據(jù)句子Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend…tothebrain.（這些感知器就是細(xì)胞，它們能夠感知?dú)馕?，并且向大腦傳遞……）可知，細(xì)胞在這里傳遞的是信息；因此正確答案為C。

32.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接。A項(xiàng)atfirst“起初”，B項(xiàng)atall“完全，根本”，C項(xiàng)atlarge“全面地，詳細(xì)地”，D項(xiàng)attimes“有時(shí)”；根據(jù)句子However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell…cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoit（然而，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，甚至對(duì)某種特定氣味不敏感的人……也能突然變得敏感起來(lái)）可知，這里是缺少一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子；根據(jù)句意B選項(xiàng)最符合。

33.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接。A項(xiàng)subjected“使遭受”，besubjectedto表示遭受，屈服于；B項(xiàng)left“剩下的”，beleftto表被留給；C項(xiàng)drawn“拔，拉出”，bedrawnto表被拖到；D項(xiàng)exposed“暴露”，beexposedto表暴露在……（經(jīng)常接觸）；根據(jù)句子evenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmellatallcansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen…toitoftenenough（當(dāng)經(jīng)?！@種氣味，即使是對(duì)某種氣味完全不敏感的人也會(huì)突然變得敏感）可知，語(yǔ)境表達(dá)的是人處于某種氣味所籠罩的環(huán)境中。因此正確答案為D。

34.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接和詞匯辨析。A項(xiàng)ineffective“無(wú)效的，失效的”，B項(xiàng)incompetent“無(wú)能力的”，C項(xiàng)inefficient“效率低的”，D項(xiàng)insufficient“不充分的”；根據(jù)句子Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit…tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetime（對(duì)嗅覺(jué)不敏感的解釋似乎是大腦發(fā)現(xiàn)它……讓所有的嗅覺(jué)感受器一直工作）可知，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里應(yīng)該是說(shuō)大腦發(fā)現(xiàn)讓所有的氣味感知器一直處于工作狀態(tài)是效率低的。因此正確答案為C。

35.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接和詞匯辨析。A項(xiàng)introduce“介紹”，B項(xiàng)summon“召集，召喚”，C項(xiàng)trigger“觸發(fā)，引起”，D項(xiàng)create“創(chuàng)造”；根據(jù)句子Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsitincompetenttokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan…newreceptorsifnecessary.（關(guān)于鼻子對(duì)氣味不敏感的解釋是大腦發(fā)現(xiàn)讓所有的氣味感知器一直處于工作狀態(tài)是效率低的，但是如有需要又可以……新的氣味感知器）可知，從空格后面的new來(lái)判斷，只有create才符合邏輯。因此正確答案為D。

36.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查邏輯銜接。A項(xiàng)still“仍然”，B項(xiàng)also“也”，C項(xiàng)otherwise“否則”，D項(xiàng)nevertheless“然而，雖然如此”；根據(jù)句子Thismay…explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells—wesimplydonotneedtobe.（這或許……解釋為什么我們通常對(duì)自己的氣味不敏感-我們根本不需要對(duì)自己的氣味敏感），“this”這個(gè)詞表明了邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)該是并列，翻譯成“也”，表示和前面的句子是相同或者相近的含義，因此正確答案為B。

37.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接。A項(xiàng)sure“確信”，B項(xiàng)sick“厭惡”，C項(xiàng)aware“意識(shí)到，知道”，D項(xiàng)tired“厭倦”；根據(jù)句子Wearenot…oftheusualsmellofourownhouse（我們沒(méi)有……自己家里平常的氣味），可知，這里應(yīng)該是表示聞到/知道自己家的氣味，因此根據(jù)句意，正確答案為C。

38.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接。A項(xiàng)tolerate“忍受”，B項(xiàng)repel“抵制”，C項(xiàng)neglect“忽視”，D項(xiàng)notice“注意到”；根據(jù)句子Wearenotawareoftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe…newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’s.（我們意識(shí)不到自己家里的平常的氣味，但是在拜訪別人家時(shí)，我們……新的氣味），可知，這里應(yīng)該是聞到新的氣味，因此根據(jù)句意，正確答案為D。

39.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接。A項(xiàng)available“可達(dá)到的，可工作的”，B項(xiàng)reliable“可靠的”，C項(xiàng)identifiable“可辨認(rèn)的”，D項(xiàng)suitable“適合的”；根據(jù)句子Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors…forunfamiliarandemergencysignals（大腦發(fā)現(xiàn)最好讓嗅覺(jué)感受器保持……來(lái)接收陌生和緊急信號(hào)）和前一句“我們意識(shí)不到自己家里的平常的氣味”可知，這里應(yīng)該是表示“最好使氣味感知器隨時(shí)接受不熟悉和緊急信號(hào)”，因此根據(jù)句意，正確答案為A。

40.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接。A項(xiàng)similarto“相似于”，B項(xiàng)suchas“例如”，C項(xiàng)alongwith“和……一起”，D項(xiàng)asidefrom“除……之外”；根據(jù)句子Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptorsavailableforunfamiliarandemergencysignals…thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.（大腦發(fā)現(xiàn)自己最使氣味感知器隨時(shí)接受不熟悉的和緊急的信號(hào)，……預(yù)示火的危險(xiǎn)的煙的氣味）句意可知，這里需要填表示列舉意義的短語(yǔ)，因此正確答案為B。

14.單選題

Youshouldhavebeenmorepatient（

）thatcustomer;I’msurethatsellinghimthewatchwasapossibility.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.with

C.for

D.at

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你應(yīng)該要對(duì)那位顧客更加耐心一些的，我相信他最終一定會(huì)買那塊表。

固定搭配。bepatientwith對(duì)…有耐心。

15.單選題

EveniffewobserverswouldclassifyChinaasatrulychild-centeredsociety,Chinesecultureundoubtedlyplacesahighvalueontheirchildren.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Eveniffew

B.wouldclassify

C.asatrulychild-centeredsociety

D.ontheirchildren

E.沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】D

【解析】代詞誤用。去掉their。句子主語(yǔ)為Chineseculture,根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)推斷their指代的是Chineseculture,顯然不合適。

16.翻譯題

Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergy,tocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwaslocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproduct,itwasinefficient.Contrastthiswithfanningsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution.Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,safeandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.What'smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050.Yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe213rcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.

【答案】可持續(xù)發(fā)展幾乎適用于從能源到清潔水和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的所有領(lǐng)域，因此很難對(duì)其背后的基本假設(shè)或概念的使用方式提出質(zhì)疑。在農(nóng)業(yè)方面尤其如此，在農(nóng)業(yè)方面，可持續(xù)發(fā)展往往被視為進(jìn)步的唯一衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而沒(méi)有適當(dāng)?shù)貜臍v史和文化角度加以評(píng)價(jià)。首先，重要的是要記住，農(nóng)業(yè)的性質(zhì)在歷史上已經(jīng)發(fā)生了顯著的變化，并將繼續(xù)發(fā)生變化。北歐的中世紀(jì)農(nóng)業(yè)為主要的農(nóng)村社會(huì)提供了食物、衣服和庇護(hù)，人口密度比今天低得多。它對(duì)生物多樣性的影響微乎其微，而且它造成的任何污染都是局部的。就能量使用和產(chǎn)品中獲取的營(yíng)養(yǎng)而言，它是低效的。這與工業(yè)革命開(kāi)始以來(lái)的扇風(fēng)形成了鮮明對(duì)比。來(lái)自海外的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)促使農(nóng)民專業(yè)化并提高產(chǎn)量。在此期間，食物變得更便宜、更安全、更可靠。然而，這些變化也導(dǎo)致了棲息地的喪失和生物多樣性的減少。此外，發(fā)展中國(guó)家對(duì)動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品的需求增長(zhǎng)如此之快，以至于到2050年每年需要額外增加3億噸谷物才能滿足需求。然而，城市和工業(yè)的發(fā)展正在減少許多地區(qū)可供農(nóng)業(yè)使用的水資源。所有這一切意味著，21世紀(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)將與20世紀(jì)大不相同。

17.單選題

Theydidconsiderableworkto（）themassesoftheUnitedStateswiththeelementaryproblemsofLatinAmerica.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.instruct

B.acquaint

C.impart

D.dictate

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。acquaintsb.withsth.使某人認(rèn)識(shí)某事。句意：他們做了大量工作，使美國(guó)人民了解拉丁美洲的基本問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

18.單選題

Ⅵ.(Jurisprudence)

Greenbergpronouncesmyuseofthephrase“theoryofadjudication”“unusual”,andIamafraidIcanonlyreturnthecompliment,withonequalification:“theoryofadjudication”hasnostandardusageatall,sowritingasthoughthereisausualmeaningis,itself,“unusual”.Iwasquiteclear,asGreenberg’sdiscussionreveals,aboutwhatImeantbyit,andsotherealquestioniswhetheranyoneiscommittedtoaFoundationalistStoryaboutthetheoryofadjudication.Greenberg,however,makesthesurprisingclaimthatnooneissocommitted.RecognizingthatDworkinisonepossibletargetoftheRealistcritiqueasIreconstructit,Greenbergclaimsthat“theright-answerthesisisnotcentraltoDworkin’sproject.”Theright-answerthesis—theideathateverycasehasarightanswerasamatteroflaw—wouldbeanexampleofaFoundationalistStoryaboutadjudication,andsotheRealistcritiquewouldthenhaveapotent,livingtarget.WhenGreenbergclaimstheFoundationalistaspectofDworkin’stheoryisn’tcentralheisnotmakingaclaimabouttheamountofeffortDworkindevotestodefendingtheright-answerthesis,whichisobviouslysubstantial.Greenberg’srealclaimisthattheDworkinofLaw’sEmpireisnotnecessarilycommittedtotheright-answerthesis.IratheragreewithGreenbergthatDworkin“ismostconcernedtoestablish...thatlawdependsinaparticularwayonmorality”andthat“theright-answerthesis...isadownstreamconsequenceofhisoveralltheoryoflawinconjunctionwithhisviewaboutmorality”.Sofar,thisisjustacomplicatedadmissionthatDworkinacceptsaFoundationalistStoryaboutadjudication;thebestGreenbergcandoistoassert“thatmostofDworkin’sargumentscouldsucceedconsistentwiththefalsityoftheright-answerthesis.”GreenbergdoesnotshowthatthisisDworkin’sview,anditiscertainlynotDworkin’sviewinhisearlywork,sincethe“retroactivity”objectiontolegalpositivismturns,quiteclearly,onthetruthoftheright-answerthesis.GreenbergmaybecorrectthatonecouldhaveaviewaboutthenatureofmoralitydifferentthanDworkin’sandgiveuptheright-answerthesis:JohnMackiewouldbeacaseinpoint,thoughnottheoneGreenberghasinmind,andnotoneDworkinwouldbehappywith.ButnoneofthischangesthefactthattheactualRonaldDworkinholdsatheoryofadjudicationinvolvingtheFoundationalistStorybecauseheholdsaparticularviewaboutlawandmorality.

71.Greenbergpronouncestheuseofthephrase“theoryofadjudication”“unusual”.Theauthorrebutthecomment____.

72.Theessenceoftheright-answerthesisisthat___.

73.Fromtheunderlinedsentence,onecanknowthat___.

74.Readingthewholeparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrong?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cynically

B.byfightingback

C.withdisagreement

D.withagreement

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.nooneiscommittedtoaFoundationalistStoryaboutthetheoryofadjudication

B.itisnotcentraltoDworkin’sproject

C.itisapotent,livingtargetoftheRealistcritique

D.everycasehasarightanswerasamatteroflaw

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.GreenburgdidnotthinkofJohnMackie

B.JohnMackiegaveuptheright-answerthesis

C.DworkinwasnothappywithJohnMackie

D.JohnMackiedecidedacase,whichreflectsGreenburg’stheory

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theauthorisbasicallyafoundationalistscholar.

B.TheauthorisarguingwithMr.Greenburg.

C.TheauthordoesnotagreewithDworkingtheory.

D.Greenburgmaybecorrectinoneaspect.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】71.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文開(kāi)頭Greenbergpronouncesmyuseofthephrase“theoryofadjudication”“unusual”,andIamafraidIcanonlyreturnthecompliment,withonequalification:“theoryofadjudication”hasnostandardusageatall,sowritingasthoughthereisausualmeaningis,itself,“unusual”.（格林伯格宣布我使用的短語(yǔ)“審判理論”是“不尋常的”，恐怕我只能用一個(gè)限