考研考博-英語-南京理工大學(xué)泰州科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京理工大學(xué)泰州科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Bribery（）theconfidencethatmustexistbetweenbuyerandseller.

問題1選項

A.aggravates

B.deteriorates

C.corrodes

D.degenerates

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:aggravates“加重，使惡化；使惱火”；B:deteriorates“惡化，變壞”；C:corrodes“（漸漸）損害；（一點一點地）損傷”；D:degenerates“使退化；惡化；使變質(zhì)”。句意：賄賂傷害了買賣雙方必須存在的信任。根據(jù)句意及動賓搭配可知C最合適。

2.單選題

Ifonebrandofcomputeris（）withanotherbrand,theycanbeusedtogetherandcanusethesamesoftware.

問題1選項

A.competent

B.compulsory

C.comparable

D.compatible

【答案】D

【解析】competent勝任的,有能力的；compulsory義務(wù)的,必修的；comparable同等的,可比較的；compatible兼容的,能共處的。句意：如果一個品牌的電腦與另一個品牌的電腦兼容,它們就可以一起使用,并且可以使用相同的軟件。選項D符合句意。

3.單選題

Thegrowthofpopulationduringthepastfewcenturiesisnoproofthatpopulationwillcontinuetogrowstraightupwardtowardinfinityanddoom.Onthecontrary,demographichistoryoffersevidencethatpopulationgrowthhasnotbeenatallconstant.Accordingtopaleo-ecologistEdwardDeevey,thepastmillionyearsshowthreemomentouschanges.Thefirst,arapidincreaseinpopulationaroundonemillionB.C.,followedtheinnovationsoftool-makingandtool-using.Butwhenthenewpowerfromtheuseoftoolshadbeenexploited,therateofworldpopulationgrowthfellandbecamealmoststable.

Thenextrapidjumpinpopulationstartedperhaps10.000yearsago,whenmenbegantokeepherds,plowandplanttheearth.Onceagainwheninitialproductivitygainshadbeenabsorbed,therateofpopulationgrowthabated.

Thesetwoepisodessuggestthatthethirdgreatchange,thepresentrapidgrowth,whichbeganintheWestbetween250and350yearsago,mayalsoslowdownwhen,oriftechnologybeginstoyieldfewerinnovations.Ofcourse,thecurrentknowledgerevolutionmaycontinuewithoutforeseeableend.Eitherway—contrarytopopularbeliefinconstantgeometricgrowth—populationcanbeexpectedinthelongruntoadjusttoproductivity.Andwhenonetakesthisview,populationgrowthisseentorepresenteconomicprogressandhumantriumphratherthansocialfailure.

1.Inthepassage,whendidthefirstsignificantdemographicchangeoccur?

2.Whatdidhumanbeingslearntodowhenthe2nddemographicchangetookplace?

3.Whatisfoundtohavecloserelationshipwithrapidincreaseinpopulation?

4.Whatcanbeconcludedwhenthecurrenttideofknowledgerevolutionebbs?

5.Whatistheconceptmostpeoplehaveonpopulationgrowth?

問題1選項

A.Threetofourcenturiesago.

B.Tenthousandyearsago.

C.Atatimewhensteamedenginewasinvented.

D.Atatimewhenhumanbeingsbegantousetools.

問題2選項

A.Tousestone.

B.Toplanttheearth.

C.Tobuildaircraft.

D.Toderiveautomobiles.

問題3選項

A.Warbetween2centuries.

B.Waysdiscoveredtoincreaseproductivity.

C.Migrationfromacontinenttoanothercontinent.

D.Anewreligionbeginningtobeacceptedbypeople.

問題4選項

A.Productivitywillrise.

B.Productivitywillreceivenoimpact.

C.Populationgrowthwillslowdown.

D.Populationgrowthwillbecomeaccelerated.

問題5選項

A.Thepopulationisalwaysinconstantgeometricgrowth.

B.Rapidgrowthisfollowedbystablegrowth.

C.Deceleratedgrowthisfollowedbyadecline

D.Nogrowthatall.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“arapidincreaseinpopulationaroundonemillionB.C.,followedtheinnovationsoftool-makingandtool-using.”公元前100萬年左右，人口迅速增長，伴隨著工具制造的創(chuàng)新和工具的使用。選項D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Thenextrapidjumpinpopulationstartedperhaps10.000yearsago,whenmenbegantokeepherds,plowandplanttheearth.”第二次人口的快速增長大約始于一萬年前，那時人們開始放牧、犁地和種地。選項B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Onceagainwheninitialproductivitygainshadbeenabsorbed,therateofpopulationgrowthabated.”當(dāng)最初的生產(chǎn)力增長再次被吸收后，人口增長率又降低了。由此推斷，人口的增長和生產(chǎn)力的提高有關(guān)，選項B正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“thepresentrapidgrowth,...,mayalsoslowdownwhen,oriftechnologybeginstoyieldfewerinnovations.”如果技術(shù)創(chuàng)新開始減少，當(dāng)前人口的快速增長也可能放緩。選項C符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“...popularbeliefinconstantgeometricgrowth...”選項A與原文相符。

4.單選題

Inanunfinishedbuthighlysuggestiveseriesofessays,thelateSarahEisensteinhasfocusedattentionontheevolutionofworkingwomen’svaluesfromtheturnofthecenturytotheFirstWorldWar.Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity”,butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies—feminism,socialism,tradeunionism—andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.Inthusmaintainingthatwages—workhelpedtoproduceanew“consciousness”amongwomen.Eisensteintosomeextentchallengestherecent,controversialproposalbyLeslieTentlerthatforwomentheworkexperienceonlyservedtoreinforcetheattractivenessofthedominantideology.AccordingtotheTentler,thedegradingconditionsunderwhichmanyfemalewageearnersworkedmadethemviewthefamilyasasourceofpowerandesteemavailablenowhereelseintheirsocialworld.Incontrast,Eisenstein’sstudyinsiststhatwage-workhadotherimplicationsforwomen’sidentitiesandconsciousness.Mostimportantly,herworkaimstodemonstratethatwage-workenabledwomentobecomeawareofthemselvesasadistinctsocialgroupcapableofdefiningtheircollectivecircumstance.Eisensteininsiststhatasagroupworking-classwomenwerenotabletocometocollectiveconsciousnessoftheirsituationuntiltheybeganenteringthelaborforce,becausedomesticworktendedtoisolatethemfromoneanother.

Unfortunately,Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.WhateverEisenstein’soverallplanmayhavebeen,initscurrentformherstudysuffersfromthelimitednatureofthesourcesshedependedon.Sheusesthespeechesandwritingsofreformersandlabororganizers,whosheacknowledgeswerefarfromrepresentative,asthevoiceofthetypicalwomanworker.Andthereislessthanadequateattentiongiventothedifferingvaluesofimmigrantgroupsthatmadeupasignificantproportionofthepopulationunderinvestigation.Whileraisingimportantquestions,Eisenstein’sessaysdonotprovidedefinitiveanswer,anditremainsforotherstotakeupthechallengestheyoffer.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,inEisenstein’sview,workingwomenattheturnofthecenturyhadwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardthedominantideologyoftheirtime?

3.WhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoapproveasacontinuationofEisenstein’sstudy?

問題1選項

A.criticizeascholar’sassumptionsandmethodology

B.evaluateanapproachtowomen’sstudy

C.comparetwosociologicaltheories

D.defendanunpopularideology

問題2選項

A.Theyresentedthedominantideologyasdegrading.

B.Theypreferredthedominantideologytootheravailableideologies.

C.Theybelievedthatthedominantideologyisolatedthemfromoneanother.

D.Theyacceptedsomebutnotallaspectsofthedominantideology.

問題3選項

A.Adocumentaryaccountoflabor’sroleintheintroductionofwomenintothelaborforce.

B.Ananalysisoflettersanddiarieswrittenbytypicalfemalewageearnersattheturnofthecentury.

C.Anassessmentofwhatdifferentsocialandpoliticalgroupsdefinedasthedominantideologyintheearlytwentiethcentury.

D.Atheoreticalstudyofhowsocialismandfeminisminfluencedoneanotherattheturnofthecentury.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“Inanunfinishedbuthighlysuggestiveseriesofessays,thelateSarahEisensteinhasfocusedattentionontheevolutionofworkingwomen’svaluesfromtheturnofthecenturytotheFirstWorldWar.”，SarahEisenstein在其未完成但極具啟發(fā)性的文章中，關(guān)注了從本世紀(jì)初到第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間職業(yè)女性價值觀的演變?？膳袛喑霰酒恼聦ε匝芯康南嚓P(guān)話題展開討論。下文緊接著提到了愛森斯坦在職業(yè)和工作對女性的影響問題的研究。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.”，愛森斯坦未完成的研究沒有充分深入或詳細(xì)地發(fā)展這些觀點，只提供了令人感興趣的線索，而沒有詳盡的分析?？膳袛喑鲎髡哒J(rèn)為愛森斯坦對女性的研究是不充分的，所以本篇文章的目的就是為了對女性研究的方法進(jìn)行評估。選項B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity”,butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies—feminism,socialism,tradeunionism—andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.”，愛森斯坦認(rèn)為，世紀(jì)初的女性既沒有完全接受也沒有拒絕所謂的“家庭生活”的主導(dǎo)意識形態(tài)，而是接受了這種意識形態(tài)和其他可用的意識形態(tài)——女權(quán)主義、社會主義、工會主義——并根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗和需要對它們進(jìn)行修改或調(diào)整。可判斷出女性只接受主流意識形態(tài)的某些方面，而不是全部。選項D符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.WhateverEisenstein’soverallplanmayhavebeen,initscurrentformherstudysuffersfromthelimitednatureofthesourcesshedependedon.”，愛森斯坦未完成的研究沒有充分深入或詳細(xì)地發(fā)展這些觀點，提供了令人感興趣的線索，而不是詳盡的分析。不管愛森斯坦的總體計劃是什么，以她目前的研究形式來看，她所依賴的資料來源有限?？膳袛喑鰧凵固寡芯康睦^續(xù)需要收集各種資料，做更加詳盡的分析，所以世紀(jì)初典型工薪階層的女性的書信和日記進(jìn)行分析很有可能是愛森斯坦研究的繼續(xù)，選項B符合題意。

5.單選題

10.

問題1選項

A.Johnhashiddensomethinginthetree.

B.Johnhimselfshouldbeblamed.

C.Johnhasadogthatbarksalot.

D.Johnisunlucky.

【答案】B

【解析】W:DidyouknowthatJohnfailedinthemathexam?

M:Yes.Andheblameditonbadluck.ButIreallythinkheisbarkingupthewrongtree.

Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?

【解析】常用習(xí)語。男士說：ButIreallythinkheisbarkingupthewrongtree(我覺得他找錯原因了)。

6.不定項選擇題

ConcernfortheenvironmentintheUSextendsbackintothenineteenthcentury,whennatureloversandsportsenthusiastsfirstsoughtprotectionforareasofnaturalbeautyorsignificance.Butitwasnotuntilthelate1960sthatenvironmentalconcernsenteredthemainstreamofAmericanpoliticaldebate.BythenmanyAmericanshadcometotheconclusionthatmoredevelopmentwasnotnecessarilydesirable,especiallyifitmeantmorepollutedair,dyinglakesandrivers,andalandscapestrewnwithunsightlywaste,andcrowdedwithsprawlingconstructionprojects.InMayof1970,severalenvironmentalgroupsstagedthefirstEarthDaycelebration,designedtoheightenpublicawarenessofenvironmentalproblems.Thesuccessofthatinitialeffortledtoitbecomingaregularannualevent.

Duringthe1950sand1960s,industrialandvehiclepollutionlevelshadbecomeaseriousthreattopublichealth,sotheenvironmentalmovementofthisperiodfocusedheavilyonrestoringandensuringthecleanlinessofbasicairandwatersupplies.Rapidlyexpandingdevelopmentpressureswerealsospurringeffortstopreserveuniquelandsandthreatenedwildlifehabitatsandtoprotecttheendangeredspeciessupportedbythembeforetheyvanishedintoextinction.Itisgenerallyacceptedthattheenvironmentalprotectionmovementwassosuccessfulbecauseofitsgrassrootssupport,groupsofactivistsinhundredsoftownsthattooktheinitiativeincleaninguptheirowncommunities.Duringthe1970s,thislocalactivismreinforcedsupportforthepassageofkeylawsatthenationallevel,suchastheCleanWaterAct,CleanAirAct,EndangeredSpeciesAct,andNationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct,whichtogetherhaveconstitutedthefoundationforenvironmentalstandardsintheUSeversince.

Inadditiontothisnationallegislation,theyearafterthefirstEarthDay,byexecutiveorder,PresidentNixonestablishedtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA);anorganizationdedicatedtorestoringandprotectingtheenvironment.[A]TheEPAspearheadedmanycontemporaryeffortstoprotecttheenvironment,butitwasnotworkingalone.[B]ItwasalliedwithawidevarietyofdistinctlydifferentandseparateorganizationstomanythousandsofsmallerspecialInterestgroupsandevenindividualsworkingatthelocallevel.[C]TheEPAhasnowbecomeoneofthegovernment’slargestandmostinfluentialregulatoryagencies.Throughitsowneffortsandincooperationwithotherorganizations,ithasearnedalargemeasureofcreditforprotectingandrestoringthequalityoftheenvironmentintheUnitedStates.[D]

Althoughonemightassumethatthecauseofenvironmentprotectionwouldengenderuniversalsupport,itdoeshaveitsdetractors.Onecriticismthathasbeenleveledagainstthemovementistheclaimthatitspredictionsaboutthedireconsequencesofenvironmentaldamagehaveoftenbeeninerror.Environmentalistscounterthisassertionbypointingoutthattheirwarningshaveoftenbroughtaboutchangesonthepartofthepublic,thegovernmentandprivateindustry,andthatthesechangespreventedthepredictionsfrombeingrealized.However,justasitisoftenverydifficulttogaugetheimpactofhumanactivityonsomethingascomplexastheenvironment.Itisequallydifficulttodeterminewhichsideisrightinthisdebate.Becauseenvironmentalissuescoversuchawiderangeofconcerns,thisisaquestionthatmustbeconsideredonacasebycasebasis.Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed,orthedegreetowhichtheirworkhasbeenmanifestedinactualimprovementoftheenvironment.

Howevervocalthecriticsofenvironmentalprotectioneffortsmaybe,giventheveryconsiderablebodyofenvironmentallegislationthatexists,itissafetoassumethattheirviewsdonotrepresentthemajorityopinion.Privateadvocacygroups,theEPS,statelegislaturesandCongresshaveworkedtogethertoenactnumerouslawsregardingairandwaterquality,landuseandwastemanagement.Thatshouldbeevidenceenoughofthebroadextentofthepopularsupportthatunderliesthemovement.

13.Onwhichofthefollowingdoesthepassagemainlyfocus?

14.Accordingtoparagraph2,whywastheenvironmentalprotectionmovementsowidelysuccessful?

15.Accordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingaccuratelydescribeshowtheEPAhelpedtheenvironmentalmovement?

16.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatwasacommoncriticismoftheenvironmentalmovement?

17.Accordingtothepassage,whateffectdidthecriticismoftheenvironmentalmovementhave?

18.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheitalicizedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

19.Theworddireinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

20.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

ThankstotheadditionalhelpofenvironmentallyconsciouspoliticalfiguresinthemoldofTeddyRoosevelt,whonearlyacenturybeforeestablishedthefirstnationalparksintheUSA,themovementgainedmomentum.

Wherewouldthefollowingmostlikelyfitinthepassage(A,B,C,orD)?

21.Theworddissentinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

問題1選項

A.EarthDay’simpactontheenvironmentalmovement.

B.Howtoprotecttheenvironmentoftheplanet.

C.Theenvironmentalprotectionmovementandhowitbegan.

D.ThesuccessoftheEPAinprotectingnaturalresources.

問題2選項

A.Itprotectedplantsandanimalspeoplecaredabout.

B.Itfunctionedwellatthelocallevel.

C.Itvotedunsympatheticpoliticiansoutofoffice.

D.Itforcedratificationofimportantnationallaws.

問題3選項

A.Itcoordinatedactionatthelocalandnationallevels.

B.Itobtainedpresidentialsupport.

C.Ittookoverfromlocalorganizationstoexpediteaction.

D.Itprovidedfundingtolocalorganizations.

問題4選項

A.Itsuggestedmeasuresthatwouldharmtheeconomy.

B.Itspredictionscouldnotbepreventedthroughpracticalaction.

C.Thatitlackedthesupportneededtomakeanyrealprogress.

D.Theenvironmentaldamageitclaimedwasnotseen.

問題5選項

A.Itcausedtheenvironmentaliststochangetheirmethods.

B.Itdecreasedfederalassistanceforenvironmentalprotection.

C.ItdiminishedpopularsupportfortheEPA.

D.Itrevitalizedsupportfortheenvironmentalprotectionmovement.

問題6選項

A.Criticsofthemovementweresuccessfulindissuadingmanyenvironmentalistsfromsupportingsomeofthemoredrasticmeasuresthathadbeensuggestedbyquestioningthequantitativemethodstheyemployed.

B.Opponentsoftheenvironmentalprotectionmovementsucceededingettingtheactiviststotakeanother,moreobjective,approachtosubstantiatingtheirclaims.

C.Peoplewhodisagreedwiththeenvironmentalistseventuallywereabletopersuademanythatthemethodsemployedbytheenvironmentalmovementwereinvalidandtheirconclusionincorrect.

D.Membersofenvironmentalgroupswerereluctanttoemployquantitativemethodsinassessingenvironmentaldamagebecausetheyfelttheresultsmightnotsubstantiatetheirclaims.

問題7選項

A.unrealized

B.possible

C.grave

D.imaginary

問題8選項

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

問題9選項

A.opposition

B.support

C.indifference

D.ambivalence

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:C

第9題:A

【解析】13.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章首先介紹了地球日環(huán)?；顒拥钠鹪?，接著介紹了不同人群在環(huán)保運動中對環(huán)境保護(hù)做出的努力和取得的成果，說明本文的主要內(nèi)容是介紹環(huán)保運動的起源和發(fā)展。因此C選項“環(huán)保運動及其開始的過程”正確。A選項“地球日對環(huán)保運動的影響”，D選項“環(huán)保局在保護(hù)自然資源方面的成功”都只是文章的一個方面，不能概括文章的全部內(nèi)容，所以A，D錯誤。B選項“如何保護(hù)地球的環(huán)境”表述太過寬泛，所以B錯誤。

14.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Itisgenerallyacceptedthattheenvironmentalprotectionmovementwassosuccessfulbecauseofitsgrassrootssupport,groupsofactivistsinhundredsoftownsthattooktheinitiativeincleaninguptheirowncommunities.（人們普遍認(rèn)為，環(huán)境保護(hù)運動之所以如此成功，是因為它得到了基層的支持，數(shù)百個城鎮(zhèn)的活動人士團(tuán)體主動清理了自己的社區(qū)。），說明環(huán)保運動取得廣泛成功的原因是得到了基層的支持。因此B選項“在地方層面運作良好”正確。A選項“保護(hù)了人們關(guān)心的植物和動物”，D選項“迫使重要的國家法律得到批準(zhǔn)”是環(huán)境運動的成果，而不是取得成功的原因，所以A，D錯誤。C選項“把不近人情的政客趕下臺”在文中沒有提及，所以C錯誤。

15.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第三句ItwasalliedwithawidevarietyofdistinctlydifferentandseparateorganizationstomanythousandsofsmallerspecialInterestgroupsandevenindividualsworkingatthelocallevel.（它與各種截然不同的獨立組織結(jié)盟，與成千上萬的小型特殊利益集團(tuán)甚至是在地方層面工作的個人結(jié)盟。），說明環(huán)保局是通過和其他地方組織合作，協(xié)調(diào)國家和地方的行動來幫助環(huán)保運動的。因此A選項“協(xié)調(diào)了地方和國家層面的行動”正確。B選項“獲得了總統(tǒng)的支持”，原文說的是總統(tǒng)通過行政命令成立了環(huán)保局，并不是它對于環(huán)保運動的做法，所以B錯誤。C選項“接手地方組織加快行動”，原文說的是和其他地方組織合作，沒有說接手地方組織，所以C錯誤。D選項“向地方組織提供資金”在文中沒有提及，所以D錯誤。

16.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第二句Onecriticismthathasbeenleveledagainstthemovementistheclaimthatitspredictionsaboutthedireconsequencesofenvironmentaldamagehaveoftenbeeninerror.（對該運動提出的一個批評是，它對環(huán)境破壞可怕后果的預(yù)測往往是錯誤的。），說明有人批評環(huán)保運動預(yù)測的環(huán)境破壞后果都沒有出現(xiàn)。因此D選項“沒有看到它宣稱的環(huán)境破壞”正確。A選項“提出了一些會損害經(jīng)濟(jì)的措施”在文中沒有提及，所以A錯誤。B選項“預(yù)測無法通過實際行動來防止”，原文提到了環(huán)保運動提出的警告帶來了變化，而這些變化使得預(yù)測不會實現(xiàn)，所以B錯誤。C選項“缺乏取得任何實際進(jìn)展所需的支持”，原文提到了它得到了國家層面關(guān)鍵法律和政府的支持，所以C錯誤。

17.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed,orthedegreetowhichtheirworkhasbeenmanifestedinactualimprovementoftheenvironment.（這些不同的聲音向環(huán)保主義者表明，有必要使用定量方法來評估他們所目睹的破壞程度，或他們的工作在實際改善環(huán)境方面所體現(xiàn)的程度。），說明對環(huán)保運動的批評促使環(huán)保主義者改變了進(jìn)行環(huán)保運動的方法。因此A選項“使環(huán)保主義者改變了他們的方法”正確。B選項“減少了聯(lián)邦政府對環(huán)境保護(hù)的援助”，C選項“減少了民眾對環(huán)保局的支持”，D選項“重振了人們對環(huán)保運動的支持”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯誤。

18.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed,orthedegreetowhichtheirworkhasbeenmanifestedinactualimprovementoftheenvironment.（這些不同的聲音向環(huán)保主義者表明，有必要使用定量方法來評估他們所目睹的破壞程度，或他們的工作在實際改善環(huán)境方面所體現(xiàn)的程度。），說明對環(huán)保運動的批評并沒有打擊環(huán)保主義者的積極性或阻礙環(huán)保運動的發(fā)展，而是讓環(huán)保主義者反思之前的做法，追求一種更客觀的方法來證實自己的主張。因此B選項“環(huán)保運動的反對者成功地讓環(huán)保主義者采取另一種更客觀的方法來證實他們的主張”正確。A選項“這場運動的批評者成功地勸阻了許多環(huán)保主義者支持一些更為激進(jìn)的措施，這些措施是通過質(zhì)疑他們所采用的定量方法而提出的”，由原文可知，環(huán)保主義者之前并沒有采用定量方法，所以A錯誤。C選項“與環(huán)保主義者意見相左的人最終能夠說服許多人，認(rèn)為環(huán)保運動所采用的方法是無效的，他們的結(jié)論是不正確的”，D選項“環(huán)保團(tuán)體的成員不愿意采用定量的方法來評估環(huán)境損害，因為他們認(rèn)為結(jié)果可能無法證實他們的主張”與原文表述的意思相反，所以C，D錯誤。

19.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“dire”可以定位到文章第四段第二句Onecriticismthathasbeenleveledagainstthemovementistheclaimthatitspredictionsaboutthedireconsequencesofenvironmentaldamagehaveoftenbeeninerror.（對該運動提出的一個批評是，它對環(huán)境破壞可怕后果的預(yù)測往往是錯誤的。），說明“dire”在文中是指“可怕、極其嚴(yán)重”的意思。因此C選項“嚴(yán)重的”正確。A選項“未實現(xiàn)的”，B選項“可能的”，D選項“虛構(gòu)的”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯誤。

20.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干中的句子ThankstotheadditionalhelpofenvironmentallyconsciouspoliticalfiguresinthemoldofTeddyRoosevelt,whonearlyacenturybeforeestablishedthefirstnationalparksintheUSA,themovementgainedmomentum.（多虧了以泰迪?羅斯福為代表的具有環(huán)保意識的政治人物的額外幫助，他在近一個世紀(jì)前就建立了美國的第一個國家公園，這一運動得到了發(fā)展。）講的是個人為環(huán)保運動提供的幫助，C處前文說到環(huán)保局和不同的組織與個人合作，那么下文應(yīng)該介紹具體的事例。因此該句放在C處最合適。

21.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“dissent”可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed（這些不同的聲音向環(huán)保主義者表明，有必要使用定量方法來評估他們所目睹的破壞程度），說明“dissent”在文中是指“不同、反對”的意思。因此A選項“反對”正確。B選項“支持”，C選項“冷漠”，D選項“矛盾”均不符合題意，所以B，C，D錯誤。

7.單選題

Iamrunningdownanalleywithastolenavocado,havingclimbedoverawhitebrickfenceandintotheforbiddenbackyardofacarefullymanicuredestateatthecomerofElDoradoandCrescentDriveinBeverlyHills,California.Ihavesnatchedarock-hardFuerteavocadofromoneofthethreeavocadotreesnearthefence.Ihavebeentoldthatmanyferociousdogspatrolthegrounds;theyarekillers,thesedogs.Iamdefyingthem.Theyarenowheretobefound,exceptinmymind,andI’moutandgoneandinthealleywiththeirgrowlsdirectingmyimagination.Iamrunningwithfearandexhilaration,beginningaperiodofsummer.

EmergingfromtheshieldofthealleyIcutoutintotheopen.Summerisaboutrunning,andIamrunningprotectedbydistancefromthedogs.AtthecomerofCrescentDriveandLomitasIspotBobbyTomitzeronabike.Ishout“Tomitzer!”Heturnshishead.Hisbikewobbles.AnautomobilemovingrapidlycatchesTomitzer’sbackwheel.TomitzeristhrownhighintotheairandontotheconcretesidewalkofCrescentDrive.Thedriver，awomanwithgrayhair,swirlsfromthecarhystericallyandhoversnoisilyoverTomitzer,whowillnotsurvivetheaccident.Iholdtheavocadotomychestandstand,frozen,acrossthestreet.Iamshiveringintheheat,andsinktomyknees.Itisapproximately3:30intheafternoon.ItisJune21,1946.Insevendays,Iwillbe8yearsold.

1.Thebesttitleforthisstorycouldbe（）

2.ThemainimageinParagraph1isofayoungboy（）.

3.ThemainimageinParagraph2isof（）.

4.Thestorystartwiththefeelingof（）,andendswiththefeelingof（）.

5.Thephrase“shiveringintheheat”(neartheendofthispassage)dramaticallydescribesshockthrough（）.

問題1選項

A.Summer

B.KillerDogs

C.MyEighthBirthday

D.TheAlley

問題2選項

A.climbingawhitebrickfences

B.snatchingavocados

C.runningwithfearandexhilaration

D.defyingferociousdogs

問題3選項

A.Tomitzerridinghisbike

B.exhilarationturningintohorror

C.the7-year-oldemergingfromthealley

D.thehysteriaofthewomandriver

問題4選項

A.joyfulaction...horrifiedinaction

B.running...standing

C.beingalone...beingwithothers

D.beingaloneintheopen...shiveringintheheat

問題5選項

A.theuseofminutedetail

B.theunexpectedcombinationofhotandcold

C.itsimpliedreferencetotheword“frozen”

D.thecontrastofdeathandplay

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:文章講述的是作者在夏天偷牛油果的事，選項A符合題意。

第2題:文章第一段第一句話提到小男孩偷牛油果(astolenavocado)。選項B符合題意。

第3題:文章第二段講述了小男孩偷完牛油果往回走，在路上看見Tomitzer在騎自行車，很高興地喊他，但是他在回頭的時候，被汽車撞死了。見到此情此景，小男孩Iholdtheavocadotomychestandstand,frozen,acrossthestreet.說明小男孩內(nèi)心很害怕。這一段主要講述了小男孩由偷牛油果的興奮到間接害死朋友的恐懼心理。選項B符合題意。

第4題:根據(jù)上題，可知選項A符合題意。

第5題:由上下文可知，小男孩在成功偷取牛油果后是非常開心的，但是當(dāng)Tomitzer因為他而死了的時候他感覺很害怕。這個短語用來描述死亡與玩耍的對比，選項D符合題意。

8.單選題

Withoutapropereducation,peoplecould（）allkindsofcrimes.

問題1選項

A.conduct

B.stoop

C.commit

D.sweat

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。conduct“組織，實施”；stoop“辱沒，墮落”；commit“犯罪”；sweat“出汗”。commitcrimes犯罪，故C項正確。句意：如果沒有接受合適的教育，人們可能會進(jìn)行各種犯罪活動。

9.單選題

Theprofessorgave（）instructiontothewholeclasssoastomakeeverystudentunderstandhowtoconducttheexperimentinthelab.

問題1選項

A.authoritative

B.afflictive

C.explicit

D.obvious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。authoritative“有權(quán)威的”；afflictive“難受的，苦惱的”；explicit“明確的”;obvious“明顯的”。根據(jù)后面makeeverystudentunderstandhowtoconducttheexperimentinthelab“讓每個學(xué)生知道如何在實驗室中進(jìn)行實驗”可知教授給出了“詳細(xì)的說明”，選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

2.

問題1選項

A.Tuberculosis(肺結(jié)核).

B.Rhinitis(鼻炎).

C.Laryngitis(喉炎).

D.Flu.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Goodafternoon,doctor.Ihaveaterribleheadache.YesterdayIhadarunnynose.Nowmynoseisstuffedup.

M:Letmegiveyouanexamination.First,letmehavealookatyourthroat.Ok,nowletmeexamineyourchest.Doyouhaveahistoryoftuberculosis?

W:No,Idon’tthinkso.

M:Yourthroatisinflamedandyourtongueisthicklycoated.Youhaveallthesymtomsofinfluenza.

Q:Whatisthewomansufferingfrom?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。醫(yī)生說：Youhaveallthesymptomsofinfluenza，即他認(rèn)為女士有流感的所有癥狀。

11.單選題

I'msorrytohave（）youwithsomanyquestionsonsuchanoccasion.

問題1選項

A.interfered

B.impressed

C.offended

D.bothered

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這種情況下，我還問了這么多問題，給你添麻煩了，真是抱歉。

考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的過去分詞形式。interfere干預(yù)；打擾；impress給……以深刻印象；offend冒犯；得罪；bother煩擾；打擾。因此D符合句意。

12.單選題

Whyshouldyouthinkaboutintryingtofindyourcareer?Youareprobablybetteratsomeschoolsubjectsthanothers.Thesemayshowstrengthsthatyoucanuseinyourwork.Aboywhoisgoodatmathematicscanusethatinanengineeringcareer.Soitisimportanttoknowthesubjectsyoudowellinatschool.Ontheotherhand,youmaynothaveanyspeciallystrongorweaksubjectsbutyourrecordsshowageneralsatisfactorystandard.Althoughnotallsubjectscanbeuseddirectlyinajob,theymayhaveindirectvalue.Knowledgeofhistoryisnotrequiredformostjobsbutifhistoryisoneofyourgoodsubjectsyouwillhavelearnedtorememberfactsanddetails.Thisisanabilitythatcanbeusefulinmanyjobs.

Ifyouhavehadapart-timejobonSaturdaysorinthesummer,thinkwhatyougainedfromit.Ifnothingelse,youmayhavelearnedhowtogettoworkontime,tofollowinstructionsandtogetonwitholderworkers.Youmayhavelearnedtogivecorrectchangeinashop,forexample.Justasimportant,youmaybecomeinterestedinaparticularindustryorcareeryouseefromtheinsideinapart-timejob.

Facingyourweakpointsisalsopartofknowingyourself.Youmaybeallthumbswhenyouhandletools;perhapsyouareapoorspellerorcannotaddupacolumnoffigures.Itisbittertofaceanyweaknessesthantopretendtheydonotexist.Yourschoolrecord,forinstance,maynotbetoogood,yetitisanimportant