考研考博-英語-南昌理工學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南昌理工學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Butgiftssuchasthesecannotbeawardedtoeverybody,eitherbyjudgesorbythemost（

）ofgovernment.

問題1選項

A.tough

B.demanding

C.diverse

D.benign

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。tough意為“堅強的，堅韌的”；demanding意為“要求高的，費力的”；diverse意為“不同的，多種多樣的”；benign意為“溫和的，仁慈的”。

句意：但是像這樣的禮物不能獎勵給每個人，不管是由法官還是由溫和的政府。

2.翻譯題

坦白說有壓力是我們所有人正常生活狀態(tài)里的一部分，重要的是我們不能讓壓力攪亂我們的生活，或者讓壓力超出了我們的控制范圍，即使空閑時間是奢侈的，也請擠出幾分鐘或幾小時放松自己，這是自我愛護的重要的部分，那么你就有了理由，喝杯咖啡或是撤銷今晚計劃的理由，最終你擁有了屬于你自己的空間。

【答案】Frankly,thereisstressallofusinanormalpartoflife,butthekeyismakingsureitdoesn’trunourlivesorgrowoutofcontrol.Evenwhenfreetimeisaluxury,squeezeoutafewminutesorhourstorelaxisanimportantpartofself-care.Sothereyouhaveit—anexcusetotakeacoffeebreakorcancelyourplanstonight,andfinallymakesometimeforyou.

3.單選題

Aperson'shomeisasmuchareflectionofhispersonalityastheclotheshewears,thefoodheeatsandthefriendswithwhomhespendshistime.Dependingonpersonality,mosthaveinminda(n)"（1）home".Butingeneral,andespeciallyforthestudentornewwageearners,therearepractical（2）ofcashandlocationonachievingthatidea.

Cash（3）,infact,oftenmeansthattheonlywayof（4）whenyouleaveschoolistostayathomeforawhileuntilthings（5）financially.Thereareobvious（6）oflivingathome—personallaundryisusually（7）donealongwiththefamilywash;mealsareprovidedandtherewillbeawell-establishedcircleoffriendsto（8）.Andthereis（9）theresponsibilityforpayingbills,rates,etc.

Ontheotherhand,（10）dependsonhowafamilygetson.Doyourparentslikeyourfriends?Youmayloveyourfamily-（11）doyoulikethem?Areyoupreparedtobe

（12）whenyourparentsaskwhereyouaregoingintheeveningandwhattimeyouexpecttobeback?Ifyoufindthatyoucannotmanagea(n)（13）.andthatyoufinallyhavethe

moneytoleave,howdoyou（14）findingsomewhereelsetolive?

Ifyouplantostayinyourhomearea,thepossibilitiesare（15）well-knowntoyoualready.Friendsandthelocalpaperarealways（16）.Ifyouaregoingtoworkina（17）area,againtherearethepapers—andtheaccommodationagencies,（18）theseshouldbeapproachedwith（19）.Agenciesareallowedtochargeafee,usuallythe（20）ofthefirstweek'srent,ifyoulakeaccommodationtheyhavefoundforyou.

問題1選項

A.satisfactory

B.imaginary

C.ideal

D.perfect

問題2選項

A.limitations

B.inefficiencies

C.weaknesses

D.deficiencies

問題3選項

A.shortage

B.lack

C.cut

D.drain

問題4選項

A.gettingat

B.gettingback

C.gettingin

D.gettingover

問題5選項

A.develop

B.enhance

C.improve

D.proceed

問題6選項

A.concerns

B.advantages

C.problems

D.issues

問題7選項

A.still

B.always

C.habitually

D.never

問題8選項

A.callout

B.callin

C.callover

D.callupon

問題9選項

A.always

B.rarely

C.little

D.sometimes

問題10選項

A.enough

B.much

C.many

D.little

問題11選項

A.or

B.still

C.but

D.and

問題12選項

A.indifferent

B.tolerant

C.angry

D.hostile

問題13選項

A.consensus

B.agreement

C.compromise

D.deal

問題14選項

A.gothrough

B.goover

C.goabout

D.goinfor

問題15選項

A.certainly

B.seldom

C.probably

D.less

問題16選項

A.reliable

B.dependent

C.ofgreatvalue

D.agoodsourceofinformation

問題17選項

A.familiar

B.cold

C.humid

D.new

問題18選項

A.while

B.as

C.since

D.though

問題19選項

A.concern

B.caution

C.hesitation

D.enthusiasm

問題20選項

A.similarity

B.equal

C.same

D.equivalent

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:B

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:C

第15題:C

第16題:D

第17題:D

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查形容詞詞義辨析。satisfactory“滿意的；符合要求的”;imaginary“虛構的，假想的”；ideal“理想的”；perfect“完美的”。根據(jù)表示轉折的并列連詞but可知此處前后是一個轉折關系，因此根據(jù)后文的practical“實際的”可知空格處填入ideal最合適。

2.考查名詞詞義辨析。limitation“限制”;inefficiency“效率低，無效率”；weakness“弱點”；deficiency“缺陷”。前一句提到“很多人都想有一個理想中的家”，根據(jù)but可知，空格處所在句子表達的意思與前句相反，即現(xiàn)實情況是，他們受經(jīng)濟和地點的影響，無法實現(xiàn)這個目標，因此選項A符合題意。

3.考查名詞詞義辨析。shortage“缺乏，不足”；lack“缺少”，一般用lackofsth.表達“缺乏某東西”；cut“切，削減”；drain“負擔；消耗”。第一段最后一句提到了“經(jīng)濟和地點限制”，應該空格處填入shortage與之對應，cashshortage“資金不足”。

4.考查詞組辨析。getat“理解”;getback“回來，恢復”；getin“進入；到達”；getover“克服；恢復”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵簺]錢意味著畢業(yè)后暫時住在家里才是克服困難的方法。選項D符合題意。

5.考查動詞詞義辨析。develop“發(fā)展”；enhance“提高，加強”；improve“提高；改善”；proceed“開始，繼續(xù)進行”。前面提到?jīng)]錢就暫時住在家里，直到經(jīng)濟問題得到改善，因此選項C符合題意。

6.考查動詞詞義辨析。concern“擔心；憂慮”；advantage“優(yōu)勢”；problem“問題”;issue“問題”。根據(jù)后文舉的例子，可知此處提及的是住在家里的“好處”，因此選項B符合題意。

7.考查副詞詞義辨析。still“仍然”；always“總是，常常”；habitually“習慣性地”；never“從不”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵鹤≡诩依铮路耘f跟以前一樣跟家人的一起洗。選項A符合題意。

8.考查詞組辨析。callout“喚起，出動”;callin“拜訪”；callover“點名”；callupon“號召，要求；拜訪”。根據(jù)原文句子中的friends可知是“拜訪”之意，callin后面不能直接接對象，而是用callinonsb.，所以選項D符合題意。

9.考查邏輯關系。前面提到是住在家里，因此payingbills,rates這樣的事情出現(xiàn)的頻率非常小，選項B符合題意。

10.考查邏輯關系。根據(jù)下文可知，這里講述的住在家里很大程度取決于跟家人相處得怎么樣，因此選項B符合題意。

11.考查邏輯關系?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵耗憧赡芎軔勰愕募胰恕悄阆矚g他們的方式的嗎？因此選項C符合題意。

12.考查形容詞詞義辨析。indifferent“冷漠的”；tolerant“寬容的”；angry“生氣的”;hostile“敵對的”。根據(jù)后文whenyourparentsaskwhereyouaregoingintheeveningandwhattimeyouexpecttobeback?(你晚上準備去哪兒以及準備什么時候回來？)當被父母詢問這些的時候，考驗的是你的耐心，因此選項B符合題意。

13.考查固定搭配。前面提到跟家人住在一起的你可能跟他們會有分歧，因此需要“達成妥協(xié)”（manageacompromise），選項C符合題意。

14.考查詞組辨析。gothrough“參加，經(jīng)受；仔細檢查”;goover“復習，重溫”；goabout“著手做”；goinfor“參加，從事”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵杭偃缒阌绣X離開家，你準備怎樣去找別的地方住呢？選項C符合題意。

15.考查副詞詞義辨析。certainly“確定地”;seldom“很少”；probably“可能”；less“更少”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵喝绻愦蛩愦诒镜?，很有可能更加容易獲得各種房源信息。選項C符合題意。

16.考查邏輯關系。前面提到待在本地可以更容易獲得信息，此處說明信息的來源可以是朋友，也能是本地的報紙，因此選項D符合題意。

17.考查邏輯關系。前面提到inyourhomearea,此處表達的是“到一個新環(huán)境工作”，因此選項D符合題意。familiar“熟悉的”；cold“冷的”；humid“潮濕的”。

18.考查從句的連接詞。分析句子可知此處是讓步狀語從句。though與while都可以引導讓步狀語從句，而while此種用法時通常為于句首，因此此處選擇though。

19.考查名詞詞義辨析。concern“關系；關心”;caution“小心”；hesitation“猶豫”；enthusiasm“熱情”。到一個不熟悉的地方，咨詢住所應該要謹慎，因此選項B符合題意。

20.考查詞義辨析。similarity“類似；相似點”;equal“對手；同輩”；same“相同的，上述的”；equivalent“對等的（人或事物）”。空格處所在句子的大意是：房產(chǎn)中介可以從中收取費用，通常相當于第一周的租金。即中介費相當于第一周的租金，選項D符合題意。

4.翻譯題

InGermany,incontrastwithFrance,friendshipismuchmoreclearlyamatteroffeeling,Adolescents,boysandgirls,fromdeeplysentimentalattachments,walkandtalktogether-notsomuchtopolishtheirwitsastosharetheirhopesandfearsanddreamstoformacommonfrontagainsttheworldofschoolandfamilyandtojoininakindofmutualdiscoveryofeachother'sandtheirowninnerlife.Withinthefamily,theclosestrelationshipoveralifetimeisbetweenbrothersandsisters.Outsidethefamily,menandwomenfindintheirclosestfriendsofthesamesexthedevotionofasister,theloyaltyofabrother.Appropriately,inGermanyfriendsusuallyarebroughtintothefamily.Childrencalltheirfather'sandtheirmother'sfriends“uncle”and“aunt”.BetweenFrenchfriends,whohavechoseneachotherforthesimilarityoftheirpointofview,livelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentarethebreathoflife.ButforGermans,whosefriendshipsarebasedoncommonfeelings,deepdisagreementonanysubjectthatmatterstobothisregardedasatragedy.Liketiesofkinship,tiesoffriendshiparemeanttobeabsolutelybinding.YoungGermanswhocometotheUnitedStateshavegreatdifficultyinestablishingsuchfriendshipwithAmericans.Weviewfriendshipmoretentatively,subjecttochangesinintensityaspeoplemove,changetheirjobs,marry,ordiscovernewinterests.

【答案】與法國不同,在德國,友誼更注重感覺。青少年,男孩和女駭之間,他們有著很深的情感依賴,總是很親密地走在一起,與其說是為了彰顯各自的聰明才智,不如說是為了分享他們的希望、恐懼和夢想,以此來形成一條對抗學校和家庭生活的統(tǒng)一陣線；來取得來自他們各自和自己內(nèi)心世界的一些姑且叫共識的東西。在家庭里,長至一生且最密切的是兄弟姐妹之間的關系；在家庭外,人們在同性間最親密的朋友身上發(fā)現(xiàn)如姐妹般的奉獻,如兄弟般的忠誠。在德國,朋友經(jīng)常被帶進家庭,孩子們叫他們父母的朋友“叔叔”和“阿姨”。在法國,人們會挑選有著相同見解和觀念的人作為朋友,朋友之間會為了生活的空間和態(tài)度的分歧激烈的爭執(zhí)。但對于友誼建立在雙方共同的感覺的德國人來說,如果在雙方都認為重要的問題上產(chǎn)生了尖銳的分歧,那就是極大的不幸。就像親屬關系一樣,友誼的紐帶是絕對有約束力的。來到美國的年輕德國人很難與美國人建立這樣的友誼。我們對友誼的看法更具試探性,隨著人們搬家、換工作、結婚或發(fā)現(xiàn)新的興趣愛好,友誼的強度會發(fā)生變化。

5.單選題

Artificialdiamondisindistinguishablefromgenuineone,butmuchcheaper.

問題1選項

A.differentialin

B.indifferentto

C.differentiablefrom

D.identicalto

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語辨析。橫線單詞indistinguishablefrom意為“難以分辨，別無二致”；A選項“differentialin”意為“在……有差別的”；B選項“indifferentto”意為“不在乎……；對……漠不關心”；C選項“differentiablefrom”意為“區(qū)別于”；D選項“identicalto”意為“同一的，同樣的；和……相同”。句意：人造鉆石與真鉆石難以區(qū)別，但便宜得多。由題干可知，but是表轉折的并列連詞。but后是便宜得多，如果人造鉆石和真鉆石有區(qū)別的話，構不成轉折的關系，所以此處表達的是人造鉆石和真鉆石難以區(qū)分，但是還便宜得多。由此可知，indistinguishablefrom在此處最可能是“難以分辨”的意思。因此D選項符合題意。

6.寫作題

Directions:Answerthefollowingquestionwithnolessthan50words.RemembertowriteyouranswerclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.（5%）

WhoisConfucius（孔子）？

【答案】略

7.單選題

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.1trytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”，soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead.Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“beautiful”.Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft.too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinmarketplace.Ilefttearsinmythroat,Iwantedtocry.Ididn’tofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.IremovethepaperandraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecradlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry.andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn'tcry.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

2.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman（）.

3.Whydidthewriterfinallydecidetobuythreeskirts?

4.Whendidthewriterleftthemarketplace,shewantedtocry,butdidnotbecause（）.

5.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?

問題1選項

A.Thewriterwasnotusedtobargaining.

B.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.

C.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.

D.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.

問題2選項

A.thoughtthatthelastofferwasreasonable

B.thoughtshecouldstillmakemuchmoney

C.wasgladthatthewriterknewtheirwayofbargaining

D.wastiredofbargainingwiththewriteranymore

問題3選項

A.Theskirtswerecheapandpretty.

B.Shelikedthepatternsontheskirts.

C.Shewantedtodosomethingascompensation.

D.Shewasfedupwithfurtherbargainingwiththewoman.

問題4選項

A.shehadlearnedtostaycoolandunfeeling

B.shewasafraidofcryinginpublic

C.shehadlearnedtofacedifficultiesbravely

D.shehadtoshowinpublicthatshewasstrong.

問題5選項

A.Shesuddenlyfeltverysad.

B.Shelikedtheribbonssomuch.

C.Shewasovercomebyemotion.

D.Shefeltsorryforthewoman.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。A:作者不習慣討價還價。B:亞洲人買東西總是講價。C:在老撾，討價還價是安靜而和平的。D:作家準備和那個女人討價還價。第五段指出:Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia(我決定買一條那樣的裙子，我開始和她討價還價。在亞洲，討價還價是一種習俗)。由此得知，B項和D項正確。第五段還指出:InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness(在老撾，討價還價是以較低的聲音，和一種輕松平靜的方式進行的)。因此C項正確。只有A項在原文中找不到線索，故選A。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。第六段指出:ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining(對于我能夠說一些她們國家的語言她感到非常高興，雖然我說的大部分都是一些數(shù)字，但是在她看來我是非常清楚這種輕松愉悅的討價還價的方式的)。由此可知這位姑娘因作者能夠說她們國家的語言和懂得相關的討價還價的方式而感到高興。后面接著寫到:Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade(她感到非常開心，以至于讓我感到意外的是，她竟然接受了我最后的出價)。因此C項“感到高興，因為作者知道她們討價還價的方法”正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。第六段指出:Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase(這個價格實在是太低了。她太慷慨了，幾乎賺不到什么錢。擔心她因為我買得多而再次降低價格，我迅速地再挑了兩條裙子，付錢，然后離開)。故選C項“她想做點什么作為補償”。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。倒數(shù)第三段指出:Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy(我學會了抗拒困難，不知不覺中，我也學會了不被溫柔輕松俘獲)。由此可見，作者沒哭是因為她已經(jīng)學會讓情緒不輕易受到影響，故選A項“她已經(jīng)學會了保持冷靜”。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出:Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry...(對于她的這種慷慨精神毫無防御，這次我哭了……)。因此作者最后還是哭了是因為當她再次打開包裝想看一下這些裙子時才發(fā)現(xiàn)這位老撾姑娘送了自己五條長長的絲帶，因此C項“她沒有控制住自己的情緒”正確。

8.單選題

Theindustrialcommunityshouldbecloseenoughtothecrowdedcentersbutdistantenoughtoreduce（）hazards.

問題1選項

A.feasible

B.active

C.substantial

D.potential

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項feasible“可行的；可能的;”；B選項active“積極的；活躍的”；C選項substantial“大量的；實質(zhì)的”；D選項potential“潛在的，可能的”。句意:工業(yè)區(qū)應該離擁擠的中心足夠近，但要足夠遠，以減少潛在的危險。所選之詞應修飾hazards(危險)，而且其意應為“潛在的或可能發(fā)生的”危險。故選D。

9.單選題

Hewas_______totellthetrutheventohisclosestfriend.

問題1選項

A.toomuchofacoward

B.toomuchthecoward

C.acowardenough

D.enoughofacoward

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。綜合選項可知，本題考查“too…to…太……以致不能”，toomuchthecoward“懦夫太多”不符合句意，因此A選項符合題意。

10.單選題

Humanrelationshavecommandedpeople'sattentionfromearlytimes.Thewaysofpeopledealingwiththeirrelationshavebeenrecordedininnumerablemyths,folktales,novels,poems,plays,andpopularorphilosophicalessays.Althoughthefullsignificanceofahumanrelationshipmaynotbedirectlyevident,thecomplexityoffeelingsandactionsthatcanbeunderstoodataglanceissurprisinglygreat.Forthisreasonpsychologyholdsauniquepositionamongthesciences."Intuitive"knowledgemayberemarkablypenetratingandcansignificantlyhelpusunderstandhumanbehavior,whereasinthephysicalsciencessuchcommonsenseknowledgeisrelativelyprimitive.Ifweerasedallknowledgeofscientificphysicsfromourmodernworld,notonlywouldwenothavecarsandtelevisionsets,wemightevenfindthattheordinarypersonwasunabletocopewiththefundamentalmechanicalproblemsofpulleysandlevers.Ontheotherhandifweremovedallknowledgeofscientificpsychologyfromourworld,problemsininterpersonalrelationsmighteasilybecopedwithandsolvedmuchasbefore.Wewouldstill"know"howtoavoiddoingsomethingaskedofusandhowtogetsomeonetoagreewithus;wewouldstill"know"whensomeonewasangryandwhensomeonewaspleased.Onecouldevenoffersensibleexplanationsforthe"whys"ofmuchoftheself’sbehaviorandfeelings.Inotherwords,theordinarypersonhasagreatandprofoundunderstandingoftheselfandofotherpeoplewhich,thoughunformulatedoronlyvaguelyconceived,enablesonetointeractwithothersinmoreorlessadaptiveways.Kohler,inreferringtothelackofgreatdiscoveriesinpsychologyascomparedwithphysics,accountsforthisbysayingthat"peoplewereacquaintedwithpracticallyallterritoriesofmentallifealongtimebeforethefoundingofscientificpsychology".

Paradoxically,withallthisnatural,intuitivecommonsensecapacitytograsphumanrelations,thescienceofhumanrelationshasbeenoneofthelasttodevelop.Differentexplanationsofthisparadoxhavebeensuggested.Oneisthatsciencewoulddestroythevainandpleasingillusionspeoplehaveaboutthemselves;butwemightaskwhypeoplehavealwayslovedtoreadpessimistic,debunkingwritings,fromEcclesiastestoFreud.Ithasalsobeenproposedthatjustbecauseweknowsomuchaboutpeopleintuitively,therehasbeenlessincentiveforstudyingthemscientifically;whyshouldonedevelopatheory,carryoutsystematicobservations,ormakepredictionsabouttheobvious?Inanycase,thefieldofhumanrelations,withitsvastliterarydocumentationbutmeagerscientifictreatment,isingreatcontrasttothefieldofphysicsinwhichtherearerelativelyfewnonscientificbooks.

1.Accordingtothepassage,ithasbeensuggestedthatthescienceofhumanrelationswasslowtodevelopbecause（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingclaimssupportstheauthor'sstatementthat"psychologyholdsauniquepositionamongthesciences"?

3.Accordingtothepassage,anunderstandingoftheselfcanbe

（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorassumesthatcommonsenseknowledgeofhumanrelationsis（

）.

問題1選項

A.intuitiveknowledgeofhumanrelationsisderivedfromphilosophy

B.earlyscientistsweremoreinterestedinthephysicalworld

C.scientificstudiesofhumanrelationsappeartoinvestigatetheobvious

D.thescientificmethodisdifficulttoapplytothestudyofhumanrelations

問題2選項

A.Commonsenseunderstandingofhumanrelationscanbeincisive

B.Thefullmeaningofahumanrelationshipmaynotbeobvious

C.Intuitiveknowledgeinthephysicalsciencesisrelativelyadvanced

D.Subjectivebiasisdifficulttocontrolinpsychologicalresearch

問題3選項

A.highlybiasedduetounconsciousfactors

B.profoundevenwhenvaguelyconceived

C.improvedbyspecializedtraining

D.irrelevantforunderstandinghumanrelations

問題4選項

A.equallywelldevelopedamongalladultswithinagivensociety

B.biasedinsofarasitisbasedonmythsandfolktales

C.typicallyunrelatedtoanindividual'sinteractionswithotherpeople

D.usuallysufficientlyaccuratetofacilitateinteractionswithothers

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘人類關系的科學發(fā)展緩慢是因為什么？’文章最后一段首先指出Paradoxically,withallthisnatural,intuitive,commonsensecapacitytograsphuman,relations,thescienceofhumanrelationshasbeenoneofthelasttodevelop.“矛盾是，人類擁有如此本能來經(jīng)營人際關系，而有關人際關系處理的技巧卻在最后一批得到發(fā)展”，而這一句話之后的內(nèi)容就是對這一矛盾的解釋，根據(jù)本段倒數(shù)第二句whyshouldonedevelopatheory,carryoutsystematicobservations,ormakepredictionsabouttheobvious?“人們?yōu)楹我獮橐粋€明白的事實去系統(tǒng)進行觀測，再建立起一套理論呢？”可以推斷出C選項“有關人際關系的科學研究似乎是在研究顯而易見的事情”正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘下列哪一項主張支持作者“心理學在科學中占有獨特地位”的說法?’根據(jù)第一段的Althoughthefullsignificanceofahumanrelationshipmaynotbedirectlyevident,thecomplexityoffeelingsandactionsthatcanbeunderstoodataglanceissurprisinglygreat.Forthisreasonpsychologyholdsauniquepositionamongthesciences.“雖然人際關系的全部意義可能不是直接顯而易見的，但一眼就能理解的情感和行為的復雜性是驚人的巨大。因此，心理學在科學中占有獨特的地位。確定A選項“對人際關系的常識性知識了解可以是深刻的”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘根據(jù)這篇文章，對自我的理解可以……?’由第一段中“Inotherwords,theordinarypersonhasagreatandprofoundunderstandingoftheselfandofotherpeoplewhich,thoughunformulatedoronlyvaguelyconceived,enablesonetointeractwithothersinmoreorlessadaptiveways.換句話說，普通人對自己和他人有著深刻而偉大的理解，盡管這些理解尚未形成或只是模糊的構想，但卻能使人以或多或少具有合適的方式與他人互動?！贝_定B選項“即使只是在模糊的意識層面，也能有深刻的了解”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題目提問‘我們可以推斷，作者假定關于人際關系的常識是……？’根據(jù)第一段中“Ontheotherhand,ifweremovedallknowledgeofscientificpsychologyfromourworld,problemsininterpersonalrelationmighteasilybecopedwithandsolvedmuchasbefore.Wewouldstill“know”howtoavoiddoingsomethingaskedofusandhowtogetsomeonetoagreewithus;wewouldstill“know”whensomeonewasangryandwhensomeonewaspleased.Onecouldevenoffersensibleexplanationsforthe“whys”ofmuchoftheself’sbehaviorandfeelings.另一方面，如果我們把所有的科學心理學知識從我們的世界中移除，人際關系中的問題可能會像以前一樣容易處理和解決。我們?nèi)匀恢廊绾伪苊庾鰟e人要求我們做的事情，如何讓別人同意我們的觀點;我們?nèi)匀恢朗裁磿r候有人生氣，什么時候有人高興。人們甚至可以對自己的許多行為和感受的原因做出合理的解釋。”確定D項“一般足夠正確能與他人順利進行交往”正確；并確定C學習“與個人同他人的交往通常不相關”不正確；A選項“在某一特定社會內(nèi)所有的成年人中等同地形成”和B選項“在它基于的神話和民間故事范圍內(nèi)是有偏見的”在文中沒有提及，排除。

11.單選題

Cancerhasalwaysbeenwithus,butnotalwaysinthesameway.Itscareandmanagementhavedifferedovertime,ofcourse,butso,too,haveitsidentity,visibility,andmeanings.Pickupthethreadofhistoryatitsmostdistantendandyouhavecancerthecrab—sonamedeitherbecauseoftheramifyingvenousprocessesspreadingoutfromatumororbecauseitspainislikethepinchofacrab’sclaw.Premodemcancerisalump,aswellingthatsometimesbreaksthroughtheskininulcerationsproducingfoul-smellingdischarges.TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome,andtheGreeksmadeadistinctionbetweenbenigntumors(oncos)andmalignantones(carcinos).InthesecondcenturyA.D.,Galenreckonedthatthecausewassystemic,anexcessofmelancholyorblackbile,oneofthebody’sfour“humors”broughtonbybaddietandenvironmentalcircumstances.Ancientmedicalpractitionerssometimescuttumorsout,buttheprognosiswasknowntobegrim.Describingtumorsofthebreast,anEgyptianpapyrusfromabout1600B.C.concluded:“Thereisnotreatment.’’

Theexperienceofcancerhasalwaysbeenterrible，but，untilmodemtimes,itsmarkontheculturehasbeenlight.Inthepast,fearcoagulatedaroundotherwaysofdying:infectiousandepidemicdiseases(plague,smallpox,cholera,typhus,typhoidfever)；“apoplexies”(whatwenowcallstrokesandheartattacks)；and,mostnotablyinthenineteenthcentury,“consumption”(tuberculosis).Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind—asitnowis.ThisisonereasonthatthemedicalhistorianRoyPorterwrotethatcanceris“themodemdiseaseparexcellence,”andthatMukherjeecallsit“thequintessentialproductofmodernity.”

Atonetime,itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization”belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas“neurasthenia”anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelievedtobebroughtaboutbythestressofmodemlifeandthelatteraconditionproducedbybaddietandindolence.Intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,somephysiciansattributedcancer—notablyofthebreastandtheovaries—topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses.WilliamBuchan’swildlypopulareighteenth-centurytext“DomesticMedicine”judgedthatcancersmightbecausedby“excessivefear,grief,religiousmelancholy”.Inthenineteenthcentury,referencewasrepeatedlymadetoa“cancerpersonality”,andinsomeversions,specificallytosexualrepression.AsSusanSontagobserved,cancerwasconsideredshameful,nottobementioned,evenobscene.AmongtheRomanticsandtheVictorians,sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement;cancerdeathwasnothingofthesort.“Itseemsunimaginable,”Sontagwrote,“toaestheticize”cancer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theancientEgyptians（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthecancersofthepastisbestsupportedbythepassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingisthereasonforcancertobecalled“themoderndisease”？

4.“Neurasthenia”anddiabetesarementionedbecause（）

5.Assuggestedbythepassage,withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

問題1選項

A.calledcancerthecrab

B.wereabletodistinguishbenigntumorsandmalignantones

C.foundoutthecauseofcancer

D.knewaboutalotofmalignanttumors

問題2選項

A.Ancientpeopledidnotlivelongenoughtobecomepronetocancer.

B.Inthepast,peopledidnotfearcancer.

C.Cancerdeathmightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement.

D.Somephysiciansbelievedthatone’sownbehavioralmodecouldleadtocancer.

問題3選項

A.Modemcancercareisveryeffective.

B.Thereisalotmorecancernow.

C.Peopleunderstandcancerinradicallynewwaysnow.

D.Thereisasharpincreaseinmortalityinmodemcancerworld.

問題4選項

A.theyareasfatalascancer

B.theywereconsideredtobe“diseaseofcivilization”

C.peopledreadthemverymuch

D.theyarebroughtbythehighpressureofmodernlife

問題5選項

A.Thecareandmanagementofcancerhavedevelopedovertime.

B.Theculturalsignificanceofcancershiftsindifferenttimes.

C.Cancer’sidentityhasneverchanged.

D.Canceristhepricepaidformodemlife.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)這篇文章，古埃及人_______。由關鍵詞定位到文章第一段第五句“TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome”，可知古埃及人已經(jīng)知道很多有不好的結果的腫瘤，對應第四個選項，malignanttumors是指惡性腫瘤。因此D選項符合題意。

2.細節(jié)推理題。題干：關于過去的癌癥，下列哪一項陳述最能得到文章的支持？文章并沒提到古人是否活到容易患癌癥的年齡，排除A選項；第二段中提到“Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind”，說明過去人們不是不恐懼癌癥，而是這種恐懼并沒稱為焦點，排除B選項；最后一段中提到“…sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement”被認為優(yōu)雅的是死于肺結核，排除C選項；最后一段中“somephysiciansattributedcancer…topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses”說明他們將癌癥歸因于心理和行為原因，因此D選項符合題意。

3.細節(jié)推理題。題干：下面哪個選項是被稱為“現(xiàn)代病”的癌癥的原因？根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“themoderndisease”定位到第二段最后一句，上一句提到癌癥死亡令人恐懼，下一句就說RoyPorter將其說成是“最卓越的現(xiàn)代病，Mukherjee稱之為“現(xiàn)代最典型的產(chǎn)物”，說明人們對癌癥的理解改變了。因此C選項符合題意。

4.細節(jié)推理題。題干：提到“神經(jīng)衰弱”和糖尿病是因為_____。文中最后一句提到了關鍵詞“Neurasthenia”和“diabetes”，文中提到“itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization”belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas“neurasthenia”anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelieve