考研考博-英語-四川三河職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川三河職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Hisintelligenceandexperiencewillenablehimto（）thecomplicatedsituation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.copewith

B.settledown

C.intervenein

D.interferewith

【答案】A

【解析】copewith處理,應(yīng)對(duì)；settledown定居；intervenein干預(yù),插手；interferewith干擾,妨礙。句意：他的智慧和經(jīng)驗(yàn)將使他能夠應(yīng)付復(fù)雜的局面。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

2.單選題

Asachild,timeusedtomoveasslowlyaslightningbugsdriftinthesummereveningskies,butasanadult,timeis_____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transmitting

B.peripatetic

C.nomadic

D.ephemeral

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)“傳送；輸送”，B項(xiàng)“巡回工作的；流動(dòng)的”，C項(xiàng)“游牧的”，D項(xiàng)“短暫的”。根據(jù)題干中的but，可知前后為對(duì)比，結(jié)合句意：小時(shí)候，時(shí)間總是像夏天傍晚天空中的閃電蟲一樣緩慢移動(dòng)，但成年后，時(shí)間是。因此選D項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

SharepricesontheStockExchangeplungedsharplyinthemorningbut（

）lightlyintheafternoon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.regained

B.recovered

C.restored

D.revived

【答案】B

【解析】同義詞辨析。句意:證券交易所今早股價(jià)大跌，下午略有回升。

Regain重新獲得(所有權(quán));recover恢復(fù);restore恢復(fù)...存在或使用;revive恢復(fù)；復(fù)興,多指某國或某一區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條后振興。因此這里選B合適。

4.單選題

Gotoinspectallthepartstofindwhatwasat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wrong

B.trouble

C.fault

D.difficulty

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都表示錯(cuò)誤或問題的意思，但是題干中的介詞是at，只有選項(xiàng)C能與之搭配。選項(xiàng)A的搭配為“be+wrong”，選項(xiàng)B和D和介詞in搭配，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。句意：去檢查所有的部件，看看哪里出了問題。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

5.單選題

YoucommentthatIseemrelaxedtoday.Areyou______thatI’musuallyuptight?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pondering

B.intimating

C.indigenous

D.intimidating

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)pondering為ponder的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“沉思，默想”，B項(xiàng)intimating為intimate的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“暗示，通知”，C項(xiàng)indigenous“本土的，國產(chǎn)的”，D項(xiàng)intimidating為intimidate的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“恐嚇，威脅”。前面的句子意思是“你說我今天看起來很放松”，后面提到了uptight（緊張），這與前面相反，可以推測(cè)空格處表示“暗示”，B項(xiàng)符合。句意：你說我今天看起來很放松。你是在暗示我平?？雌饋矶际蔷o張的嗎？因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

Paperclips,drawingpinsandsafetypins,were（

）alloverthefloor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scattered

B.littered

C.sprayed

D.separated

【答案】A

【解析】句意:回形針，圖釘和安金扣針全都散落在地板上。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選型都是對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式表被動(dòng)。Scatter使分散;litter把……弄得亂七八糟;spray噴灑;separate使分離。因此A符合句意。

7.單選題

Apersonwithhishead-in-the-cloudsisadreamer;（

）mindisnotintherealworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.that

C.whose

D.ofwhom

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句的用法。前后各有謂語動(dòng)詞部分，因此空格處需要填入關(guān)聯(lián)詞。后半句空格后是名詞mind，是主語的一部分，因此只能填入C選項(xiàng)whose修飾，后半句是由whose引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞dreamer，整句句意：想入非非的人是夢(mèng)想家，他的意識(shí)并不存在于現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中。

8.單選題

Inmostofthehumancivilizationofwhichwehaveanyproperrecords,youthhasdrawnoneitherartorlifeformodels,planningtoemulatetheheroesdepictedinepicsontheshadowplayscreenorthestage,orthoseknownhumanbeings,fathersorgrandfathers,chiefsorcraftsmen,whoseeverycharacteristiccanbestudiedandimitated.Asrecentlyas1910,thiswastheprevailingconditionintheUnitedStates.Ifhecamefromanonliteratebackground,therecentimmigrantlearnedtospeak,move,andthinklikeanAmericanbyusinghiseyesandearsonthelaborlineandinthehomesofmoreacculturatedcousins,bywatchingschoolchildren,orbyabsorbingthestandardsoftheteacher,theforeman,theclerkwhoservedhiminthestore.Fortheliterateandtheliteratechildrenofthenouliterate,therewasart—thestoryofthefrustratedartistintheprairietown,ofthesecondgenerationbattlingwiththelimitationsofthefirst.Andatasimplerlevel,thereweretheWesternandHollywoodfairytaleswhichpointedamoralbutdidnot,asarule,teachtablemanners.

WiththedevelopmentofthecountermovementagainstHollywood,withtheefflorescenceofphotography,withTime-Life-Fortunetypesofreportingandthedead-panNewYorkermannerofdescribingthelifeofanold-clothesdealerinaforgottenstreetorofpresentingthe“accurate”,“checked”detailsofthelivesofpeoplewhoseeminencegaveatleastasortoflicensetoattackthem,withthepassionfor“humandocuments”inDepressiondays—anecessarysubstituteforproletarianartamongmiddleclasswriterswhoknewnothingaboutproletarians,andmiddleclassreaderswhoneededtheshockofverisimilitude—anewerainAmericanlifewasusheredin,theerainwhichyoungpeopleimitatedneitherlifenorartnorfairytale,butinsteadwerepresentedwithmodelsdrawnfromlifewithminimalbutcrucialdistortions.Doctoredlifehistories,posedcarelessness,“candid”shotsofpeopleintheirownhomeswhichtookhourstoarrange,picturesshotfromreallifetoscriptswrittenmonthsbeforesupplementedbynationalpollsandsurveyswhichassuredthereaderthatthisbobbysoxerdidindeedrepresentanationalnormoragrowingtrend—replacedtheoldermodels.

1.Thisarticleisbasedontheideathat（）.

2.Storiesofthesecondgenerationbattlingagainstthelimitationsofthefirstwereoftenresponsiblefor（）.

3.ThecountermovementagainstHollywoodwasamovement（）.

4.Theauthorattributesthechangeinattitudessince1910to（）.

5.Theword“distortions”attheendofthe1stsentenceinparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.peopletodaynolongerfollowmodels

B.peopleattachlittleimportancetowhoevertheyfollow

C.peoplegenerallypatterntheirlivesaftermodels

D.peoplenolongerrespectheroes

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.inspiringliterateimmigrants

B.frustratingeducatedimmigrants

C.preventingtheassimilationofimmigrants

D.instillingintoimmigrantsanantagonisticattitudetowardtheirforebears

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.towardrealism

B.towardfantasy

C.againsttheteachingofmorals

D.awayfromrealism

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.alogicalevolutionofideas

B.widespreadmoraldecay

C.theinfluenceofthepress

D.aphilosophyofplenty

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.presentations

B.misinterpretations

C.influences

D.limitations

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Inmostofthehumancivilizationofwhichwehaveanyproperrecords,youthhasdrawnoneitherartorlifeformodels,planningtoemulatetheheroesdepictedinepicsontheshadowplayscreenorthestage,orthoseknownhumanbeings,fathersorgrandfathers,chiefsorcraftsmen,whoseeverycharacteristiccanbestudiedandimitated.（在我們有記錄的大多數(shù)人類文明中，青年都以藝術(shù)或生活為范本，計(jì)劃模仿在皮影戲屏幕或舞臺(tái)上演出的史詩中描繪的英雄，或那些有名的人類、父輩或祖輩、酋長或工匠，他們的每一個(gè)特征都可以研究和模仿。），說明有史以來年輕人都會(huì)將各種各樣的人作為偶像來模仿，整篇文章都是圍繞著這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)展開論述的。因此C選項(xiàng)“人們通常會(huì)模仿偶像的生活”正確。A選項(xiàng)“今天的人們不再模仿偶像”，由原文可知，現(xiàn)在這還是美國的普遍情況，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“人們對(duì)模仿的人都不重視”，D選項(xiàng)“人們不再尊重英雄”在文中沒有提及，所以B，D錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句Fortheliterateandtheliteratechildrenofthenouliterate,therewasart—thestoryofthefrustratedartistintheprairietown,ofthesecondgenerationbattlingwiththelimitationsofthefirst.（對(duì)于努士人的文人和文人子女來說，有藝術(shù)的故事——在大草原城鎮(zhèn)失意的藝術(shù)家的故事，第二代人與第一代人的局限性斗爭(zhēng)的故事。），說第二代移民藝術(shù)家努力克服父輩缺陷的故事是用來激勵(lì)移民變得有文化。因此A選項(xiàng)“激勵(lì)有文化的移民”正確。B選項(xiàng)“使受過教育的移民感到失望”，C選項(xiàng)“防止移民的同化問題”，D選項(xiàng)“向移民灌輸對(duì)其祖先的敵視態(tài)度”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一句WiththedevelopmentofthecountermovementagainstHollywood,withtheefflorescenceofphotography,withTime-Life-Fortunetypesofreportingandthedead-panNewYorkermannerofdescribingthelifeofanold-clothesdealerinaforgottenstreetorofpresentingthe“accurate”,“checked”detailsofthelivesofpeoplewhoseeminencegaveatleastasortoflicensetoattackthem,withthepassionfor“humandocuments”inDepressiondays—anecessarysubstituteforproletarianartamongmiddleclasswriterswhoknewnothingaboutproletarians,andmiddleclassreaderswhoneededtheshockofverisimilitude—anewerainAmericanlifewasusheredin（隨著反好萊塢運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展，隨著攝影的興起，隨著《時(shí)代-生活-財(cái)富》式的報(bào)道，以及《紐約客》用死板的方式描述一個(gè)被遺忘的街道上的舊衣商的生活，或者說是用“準(zhǔn)確”的方式來呈現(xiàn)，“檢查”了一些人的生活細(xì)節(jié)，這些人的顯赫地位給了至少一種許可攻擊他們，隨著大蕭條時(shí)期對(duì)“人類文獻(xiàn)”的熱情——在對(duì)無產(chǎn)階級(jí)一無所知的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)作家和需要真實(shí)性沖擊的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)讀者中，這是無產(chǎn)階級(jí)藝術(shù)的必要替代物——美國生活迎來了一個(gè)新的時(shí)代。），說明在反對(duì)好萊塢的運(yùn)動(dòng)中，真實(shí)的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活被呈現(xiàn)出來，開啟了美國的新時(shí)代。因此A選項(xiàng)“走向現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”正確。B選項(xiàng)“走向幻想”，C選項(xiàng)“違背道德教育”，D選項(xiàng)“脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一句WiththedevelopmentofthecountermovementagainstHollywood,withtheefflorescenceofphotography,withTime-Life-Fortunetypesofreportingandthedead-panNewYorkermannerofdescribingthelifeofanold-clothesdealerinaforgottenstreetorofpresentingthe“accurate”,“checked”detailsofthelivesofpeoplewhoseeminencegaveatleastasortoflicensetoattackthem,withthepassionfor“humandocuments”inDepressiondays（隨著反好萊塢運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展，隨著攝影的興起，隨著《時(shí)代-生活-財(cái)富》式的報(bào)道，以及《紐約客》用死板的方式描述一個(gè)被遺忘的街道上的舊衣商的生活，或者說是用“準(zhǔn)確”的方式來呈現(xiàn)，“檢查”了一些人的生活細(xì)節(jié)，這些人的顯赫地位給了至少一種許可攻擊他們，隨著大蕭條時(shí)期對(duì)“人類文獻(xiàn)”的熱情），說明1910年以來人們態(tài)度變化的原因是多種多樣的。因此D選項(xiàng)“豐富的理論”正確。A選項(xiàng)“思想的邏輯演變”，B選項(xiàng)“普遍的道德敗壞”，C選項(xiàng)“新聞界的影響”均不符合題意，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

5.語義推測(cè)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句theerainwhichyoungpeopleimitatedneitherlifenorartnorfairytale,butinsteadwerepresentedwithmodelsdrawnfromlifewithminimalbutcrucialdistortions.（在這個(gè)時(shí)代，年輕人既不模仿生活，也不模仿藝術(shù)或童話，他們看到的是生活中的偶像，這些偶像就沒有受到關(guān)鍵的扭曲。），說明在反好萊塢運(yùn)動(dòng)中，年輕人不再模仿生活中、或藝術(shù)及電影中的偶像，而是看到了真正來自于生活的沒有被扭曲的偶像人物，此處“distortions”指的是偶像人物被誤解。所以B選項(xiàng)“誤解”正確。A選項(xiàng)“介紹”，C選項(xiàng)“影響”，D選項(xiàng)“限制”均不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

9.單選題

I（

）youthatthegoodswillbedeliverednextweek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ensure

B.assure

C.confirm

D.insist

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ensure“確保，保證”，指確保某事會(huì)發(fā)生，賓語一般接物，而不是人；B選項(xiàng)assure“使確信，向……保證”，其后賓語一搬接人；C選項(xiàng)confirm“（尤指提供證據(jù)來）證實(shí)，證明，確認(rèn)”；D選項(xiàng)insist“堅(jiān)決要求，堅(jiān)持”。由賓語you可知選B。句意：我向你保證，這批貨將于下周交貨。

10.單選題

______thewall,wedecidedthatweshouldneedthreetinsofpaint.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Makingup

B.Doingup

C.Puttingup

D.Sizingup

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配的用法。A項(xiàng)makeup“構(gòu)成、化妝”；B項(xiàng)doup“扎、捆”；C項(xiàng)putup“舉起、建造”；D項(xiàng)sizeup“判斷、估量”；句意：我們估量了一下這面墻，決定需要三罐油漆。因此該題D項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Basedonaccumulatedsocialresearch,therenowcanbelittledoubtthatsuccessfulandwelladjustedchildreninmodernsocietiesaremostlikelytocomefromtwo-parentfamiliesconsistingofthebiologicalfatherandmother.Alternativefamilyformswhichareattempted,suchassingle-parentandstepfamilies,havebeendemonstratedtobeinferiorinchildoutcomes.Therecentmovementawayfromthetwo-natural-parentfamilyhasledtoconsiderablesocialmalaiseamongtheyoung,nottomentionsocialdecayingeneral.

Itcanbearguedthatchildwell-beingwouldbeenhancediffamilieslivedamongcare-givingrelativesandinsupportivecommunities,butthishasbecomeanever-diminishingsituation.Historically,asubstantialstrippingdownhasoccurredofboththeextendedfamilyandthecohesiveneighborhood,andthistrendisprobablyirreversible.Thestatehastriedtofillthevacuum,burwithoutmuchsuccess.Thetwo-parentnuclearfamilythereforemaybemoreimportanttodayforchildren,andforsocietyingeneral,thaneverbeforeinhistory.

Constitutingoneofthegreatestdilemmasfacedbymodernsocieties,however,isthefactthatnuclearfamiliesthemselvesarebreakingapartdramaticallyhighrates.Thechancesinsomesocietiesarenowlessthan50to50,thanksmainlytodivorceandbirths,hatachildwilllivecontinuouslytoadulthoodwithbothnaturalparents.Thisisdespitethefactthat,unlikeintimespast,parentsnowalmostlivetoseetheirchildrenreachmaturity.

Onefundamentalreasonforthehighbreak-uprateisthatthenatureofmarriagehaschanged.Notsolongagomarriagewasaneconomicbondofmutualdependency,asocialbondheavilyupheldbyextendedfamilies.Today,marriageisnoneofthese.Theeconomicbondhasbecomedisplacedbyaffluence,byfemaleeconomicpursuit,andbystatesupport;extendedfamilypressuresonmarriageshaveallbutvanished;andmodernsocietieshavebecomeincreasinglyunconcernedwithreligions.Marriagehasbecomeapurelyindividualpursuit,animpliedandnotveryenforceablecontractbetweentwopeople;arelationshipdesignedtosatisfybasicneedsforintimacy,dependencyandsex.Whentheseneedschange,orwhenapresumptivelybetterpartnerisdiscovered,marriagesareeasilydissolved.Moreover,moreoftheeverydayneeds,traditionallymetbymarriage,canbemetinotherdays,suchasthroughthemarketplace.

Withitssurroundingandsupportingsocialstructurescollapsing,cantherebeanyhopethatthenuclearfamilycanberevived?Yesthebasisforhopeliesinthefundamentalbiologicalandpsychologicalmakeupofhumankind.Iftheevolutionarybiologistsarecorrect,humanbeingsareapair-bodingspecies.

1.Whichofthefollowingfamilyformsmaybeidealforachild'swell-being?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthetrendofmodernfamiliestoday?

3.Thehighbreak-uprateoftwoparentnuclearfamiliescanbeattributedto（）.

4.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtherevivalofnuclearfamilyis（）.

5.Theword"affluence"(Paragraph4)isinsimilarmeaningto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Extendedfamily

B.Single-parentfamily

C.Stepfamily

D.Nuclearfamily

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Easily-dissolvedpartnership.

B.Ever-diminishingcohesiveneighborhood.

C.Decreasingnumberofextendedfamilies.

D.Husbandandwifeheldinpassiveobedience.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.socialdecayingeneral

B.custompressure

C.collapseoftheeconomicbondofmarriage

D.thecompletelydifferentnatureofmarriage

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.negative

B.optimistic

C.hopeless

D.mournful

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.wealth

B.health

C.culturalrefinement

D.modernconveniences

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Thetwo-parentnuclearfamilythereforemaybemoreimportanttodayforchildren,andforsocietyingeneral,thaneverbeforeinhistory(因此，雙親核心家庭在今天對(duì)兒童和整個(gè)社會(huì)可能比歷史上任何時(shí)候都更加重要)。由此可知，如今對(duì)孩子成長最理想的家庭模式是two-parentnuclearfamily(雙親核心家庭)。故選D。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:容易破裂的婚姻。B:不斷疏遠(yuǎn)的鄰里關(guān)系。C:大家庭數(shù)量減少。D:處于被動(dòng)服從地位的丈夫和妻子。第二段指出:Historically,asubstantialstrippingdownhasoccurredofboththeextendedfamilyandthecohesiveneighborhood,andthistrendisprobablyirreversible(從歷史角度看，大家庭數(shù)量大幅縮水，緊密的鄰里關(guān)系也變得更加疏遠(yuǎn)，而且這種發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的)。因此B跟C項(xiàng)屬于現(xiàn)代家庭的趨勢(shì)。第四段指出:Whentheseneedschange,orwhenapresumptivelybetterpartnerisdiscovered,marriagesareeasilydissolved(當(dāng)這些需求發(fā)生改變，或者當(dāng)一位看似更加合適的伴侶出現(xiàn)后婚姻就會(huì)很容易破裂)。因此A項(xiàng)也是現(xiàn)代家庭的趨勢(shì)。只有D項(xiàng)未在文中體現(xiàn)，本題選D。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第四段:Onefundamentalreasonforthehighbreak-uprateisthatthenatureofmarriagehaschanged(高離婚率的一個(gè)根本原因是婚姻的本質(zhì)發(fā)生了改變)。因此D項(xiàng)“婚姻本質(zhì)發(fā)生改變”正確。

第4題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。最后一段指出:Yesthebasisforhopeliesinthefundamentalbiologicalandpsychologicalmakeupofhumankind(是的——希望的基礎(chǔ)在于人類基本的生理和心理構(gòu)成)。由此可見，作者對(duì)于核心家庭的復(fù)興的態(tài)度是積極樂觀的。

第5題:詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第四段:Theeconomicbondhasbecomedisplacedbyaffluence,byfemaleeconomicpursuit,andbystatesupport（女性對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的追求及政府的支持已取締了這一經(jīng)濟(jì)紐帶)。由此可知，affluence表示與“經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況”相關(guān)的意思。因此A項(xiàng)“財(cái)富”正確。

12.單選題

Icouldn’tfind（）,andsoItookthisone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alargeenoughcoat

B.anenoughlargecoat

C.alargecoatenough

D.acoatenoughlarge

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞用法。句意：enough修飾名詞時(shí)放名詞前，如：Idon’thaveenoughmoney.修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)放形容詞或副詞后，如：Youarenotcapableenoughtogetthisposition.所以本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。句意：我找不到足夠大的大衣，所以我拿了這一件。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

ScientistsbelievethatthereisnotenoughoxygenintheMoon’satmosphereto（）plantlife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adapt

B.personalize

C.sustain

D.describe

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析sustain。意為“維持，保持”，符合句意。

14.單選題

PitythosewhoaspiretoputtheinitialsPhDaftertheirnames.After16yearsofcloselysupervisededucation,prospectivedoctorsofphilosophyareleftmoreorlessalonetowritetheequivalentofalargebook.Mostsocial-sciencepostgraduateshavestillnotcompletedtheirthesesbythetimetheirgrantrunsoutafterthreeyears.Theymustthengetajobandfinishintheirsparetime,whichcanoftentakeafurtherthreeyears.Bythen,mostnewdoctorsaresicktodeathofthenarrowlydefinedsubjectwhichhasblightedtheirholidaysandruinedtheirevenings.

TheEconomicandSocialResearchCouncil,whichgivesgrantstopostgraduatesocialscientists,wantstogetbettervalueformoneybycuttingshortthisagony.Itwouldliketoseefastercompletionrates:untilrecently,onlyabout25%ofPhDcandidateswerefinishingwithinfouryears.TheESRC'sresponsehasbeentostopPhDgrantstoallinstitutionswheretheproportiontakinglessthanfouryearsisbelow10%;inthefirstyearofthispolicythenationalaverageshotupto39%.TheESRCfeelsvindicatedinitstoughness,andwillprogressivelyraisethethresholdto40%intwoyears.Unlesscompletionratesimprovefurther,thiswouldexclude55outof73universitiesandpolytechnics—includingOxfordUniversity,theLondonSchoolofEconomicsandtheLondonBusinessSchool.

Predictably,howlsofprotesthavecomefromtheuniversities,whoviewtheblacklistingofwholeinstitutionsasarbitraryandnegative.Theypointoutthatmanyofthebeststudentsgoquicklyintojobswheretheycanapplytheirresearchskills,butconsequentlytakelongertofinishtheirtheses.PolytechnicswithasfewastwoPhDcandidatescomplainthattheyarepenalizedbyrandomfluctuationsinstudentperformance.Thecollegessaythereisnohardevidencetoprovethatfastercompletionratesresultfromgreaterefficiencyratherthanlowerstandardsorlessambitiousdoctoraltopics.

TheESRCthinksitmightnotbeabadthingifPhDstudentsweremoremodestintheiraims.Itwouldprefertoseemoresystematicteachingofresearchskillsandfewerunrealisticexpectationsplacedonyoungmenandwomenwhoareundertakingtheirfirstpieceofseriousresearch.Soinfutureitsgrantswillbegivenonlywhereitisconvincedthatstudentsarebeingtrainedasresearchers,ratherthancarryingoutpurelyknowledge-basedstudies.

TheESRCcannotdictatethestandardofthesisrequiredbyexternalexaminers,orforcedepartmentstogivegraduatesmoreteachingtime.Themostitcandoistotrytopersuadeuniversitiestochangetheirways.Recalcitrantprofessorsshouldnotethatstudentswantmoreresearchtrainingandalesselaboratestyleofthesis,too.

1.Bytimenewdoctorsgetajobandtrytofinishtheirthesesinsparetime,（）.

2.OxfordUniversitywouldbeexcludedoutofthoseuniversitiesthatreceivePhDgrantsfromESRC,becausethecompletionrateofitsPhDstudents'theseswithinfouryearsislowerthan（）.

3.AllthefollowingstatementsaretheargumentsagainstESRC'spolicyEXCEPT（）.

4.TheESRCwouldprefer（）.

5.WhattheESRCcandoisto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mostofthemdiedofsomesickness

B.theirholidaysandeveningshavebeenruinedbytheirjobs

C.mostofthemarecompletelytiredofthenarrowlydefinedsubject

D.mostoftheirgrantsrunout

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.25%

B.40%

C.39%

D.10%

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.alltheinstitutionsontheblacklistarearbitraryandnegative

B.thereisnohardevidencetoprovethatfastercompletionratesresultfromgreaterefficiencyratherthanlowerstandardsorlessambitiousdoctoraltopics

C.manyofthebeststudentsgoquicklyintojobswheretheycanapplytheirresearchskills,butconsequentlytakelongertofinishtheirtheses

D.somepolytechnicsarepenalizedbyrandomfluctuationsinstudentperformance

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thatthestudentswerecarryingoutpurelyknowledge-basedstudiesratherthanbeingtrainedas

B.researchers

C.toseehigherstandardsofPhDstudents'thesesandmoreambitiousdoctoraltopics

D.moresystematicteachingofresearchskillstofewerunrealisticexpectationsplacedoninexperiencedyoungPhDstudents

E.thatPhDstudentswerelessmodestintheiraims

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.forcedepartmentstogivegraduatesmoreteachingtime

B.trytopersuadeuniversitiestochangetheirways

C.dictatethestandardofthesisrequiredbyexternalexaminers

D.notethatstudentswantmoreresearchtrainingandlesselaboratestyleofthesis

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段的三、四句"Mostsocial-science...bythetimetheirgrantrunsoutafterthreeyears.Theymustthengetajobandfinishintheirsparetime..."，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

第2題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“OxfordUniversity”定位到第二段的最后一句，除非結(jié)業(yè)率進(jìn)一步提高，否則這將把73所大學(xué)和理工學(xué)院中的55所排除在外，包括牛津大學(xué)、倫敦政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院和倫敦商學(xué)院。根據(jù)上文提到的政策實(shí)施后的第一年，國家平均畢業(yè)率迅速提高到39%，并將在兩年內(nèi)逐步將門檻提高到40%。由此可知，牛津大學(xué)的博士生畢業(yè)率低于39%。選項(xiàng)C正確。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Predictably,...asarbitraryandnegative.”可以預(yù)見的是，抗議的呼聲來自大學(xué)，他們認(rèn)為將整個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)列入黑名單是武斷的和消極的。強(qiáng)調(diào)的是列入黑名單的行為，而不是這些院校本身是武斷的和消極的，所以選項(xiàng)A表述錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)B，C，D都能在第三段找到對(duì)應(yīng)句。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段的第二句“Itwouldprefertoseemoresystematicteachingofresearchskillsandfewerunrealisticexpectationsplacedonyoungmenandwomenwhoareundertakingtheirfirstpieceofseriousresearch.”它（ESRC）希望看到更多系統(tǒng)地教授研究技能，減少對(duì)正在進(jìn)行第一次認(rèn)真研究的青年男女的不切實(shí)際的期望。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段的第二句"Themostitcandoistotrytopersuadeuniversitiestochangetheirways."選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

15.單選題

Medicineachieveditssplendideminencebyapplyingtheprincipleoffragmentationtothehumancondition.Ourbodilyillshavebeensplituprelegatedtodifferentexperts:anitchtothedermatologist,atwitchtotheneurologistandifallelsefails,avisittothepsychiatrist.Forthislast,intangiblefunction&thefamilydoctorhasbeentakenoverbythespecialistconfessional.

InIsrael,youqueueatonedeskforacutfinger,atanotherforasprain,andathirdforshock-evenifallthreesymptomsresultedfromoneaccident.InBritain,boththegrowingimportanceofhospitalfacilitiesandthereluctanceofGE.stounittheirresourceshasgonefartowardsmakingthesurgeryababyorcalminganeurotic.

ConsultantsandG.Psbeginthesameway,asmedicalstudentsobligedtocultivatedetachment.Butwhereasfamilydoctorgetsinvolvedintheintimatedetailsofhis“parish”，theconsultantneedonlymeetaspectsofthepatientrelevanttohisspecialty.Themoreheendeavorstospecialize,themoreextraneousphenomenamustbeshutout.Beyondthetokenbedsideexchangesheneednotgo.

Consequently,inasurgicalward,therearenopeopleatall:onlyanappendectomy,atumor,twohernias,anda“terminalcase”(hospitalsavoidtheword“dying”).Tomakeimpersonalityeasier,bedsarenumberedandpatientsareknownbynumbers.Remotenessprovidesthehospitalwithapracticalworkingcode.

Nursestoohaveevolvedtheirowndefensesystem.Sincetheycareforindividuals,theycouldwithdangerouseasebecometooinvolved.Thenursingprofessionhasthereforeperfecteditsowntechniqueoffragmentation,taskassignment”.Thisenablesonepatient’sneedstobesplitupamongmanynurses.Onejuniorwillgodownarowofbedsinsertingathermometerintoarowofmouths.Whethertheownersareasleepordrinkingteaisirrelevant;thejobcomesfirst,inherfinalyear,astudentwillundertakethepre-medicationofpatientsontheatre-list.Shehasbythattimelearnttoseethemasobjectsforinjection,notfrightenedpeople.

Nursingleadersrealizethedrawbacksinthissystem.There-hasbeentalkofgroup-assignmenttolinknurseswithparticularpatientsandgivesomecontinuity.Buttheactualnumberofexperimentscanbecountedononehand.Nurses,astheyoftenplead,touchingly,“areonlyhuman”.Theyshunresponsibilityforlifeanddeath,ifresponsibilityissplitintoakaleidoscopeofurines,itweighslessonanyoneperson.

1.Inthispassage,thewriterisultimatelysuggestingthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassagenursesare（

）.

3.Inthispassage,thewriterisultimatelysuggestingthat（

）.

4.Accordingtothewriterstheattemptsbynursingleaderstoimprovethesystem

5.Theword“shun”inthelastparagraphmeans（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.healthcarehasbecomemoreefficient

B.healthcarehasbecomelesscaring

C.hospitalshavetoomanyspecialists

D.thereshouldbemoreopportunitiesforamateursinhospitals

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.overpaidanduncaring

B.overworkedandunfairlycriticized

C.overwhelmedandundervalued

D.uncaringbutefficient

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.healthcarehasbecomemoreefficient

B.healthcarehasbecomelesscaring

C.hospitalshavetoomanyspecialists

D.thereshouldbemoreopportunitiesforamateursinhospitals

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.astepinthefightdirection

B.impressive

C.few

D.flawed

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.dodge

B.claim

C.appreciate

D.undertake

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理。作者通篇都在說當(dāng)今醫(yī)護(hù)人員不把病人當(dāng)活生生的人，而只是看成需要處理改善的對(duì)象。故選B。

2.歸納推理。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知,護(hù)士們雖然冷漠但是高效。

3.判斷推理。本篇都在說當(dāng)今醫(yī)護(hù)人員只把病人看成一個(gè)個(gè)的需要處理改善的對(duì)象而不是有感情的人。因此推測(cè)本題選B項(xiàng)(醫(yī)護(hù)變得冷漠了)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。文中倒數(shù)最后一段第二行"Buttheactualnumberof...canbecountedononehand."可以得出答案。

5.詞義題。單詞“shun”所在句句意:他們逃避對(duì)生命和死亡的責(zé)任。shun意為“避免，躲開’，因此選A項(xiàng)dodge(閃開躲開)。

16.翻譯題

1.2008年，當(dāng)5名創(chuàng)始者建立一個(gè)新的社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的時(shí)候，他們沒有想到wowWwow.Com會(huì)在經(jīng)濟(jì)消沉?xí)r期，重新喚起中年專業(yè)人士的才華，使他們進(jìn)入嶄新的更加有前途的職業(yè)生涯。

2.該實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目針對(duì)的不是年輕的新手，確切地說，是針對(duì)掌握可出售技能的有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的商界女性，這些人在經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)時(shí)期需要新的技能，去開創(chuàng)另一份工作。

3.隨著越來越多的報(bào)紙和雜志轉(zhuǎn)向在線，需要新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版技能，而傳統(tǒng)的出版媒體人才正在被取代。

4.那是接受第一個(gè)實(shí)習(xí)生（免費(fèi)的）時(shí)的情景，該人55歲，她開始聽課，觀看、學(xué)習(xí)、操作，向比她年輕得多，精通技術(shù)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)作家求教。

5.對(duì)這個(gè)實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目的正面議論證實(shí)，wowWwow的社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)支持其網(wǎng)站宗旨：交流專業(yè)和個(gè)人經(jīng)歷，鼓勵(lì)他人，使世界更美好。

【答案】1.Whenfivefounderslaunchedanewsocialnetworkin2008,theyhadnoideathatwowWwow.Comwouldrevivethetalentsofmiddle-agedprofessionalsandlaunchthemintonewandmorepromisingcareersduringadownturnintheeconomy.

2.Theinternshipprogramisnotaimedatyoungbeginners,butrather,atexperiencedbusinesswomenwithsaleableskillswhoneednewskillstostartanotherjobduringtherecession.

3.Asmorenewspapersandmagazinesmoveonline,newonlinepublishingskillsareneeded,andtraditionalpublishingmediatalentsarebeingreplaced.

4.Thatwasthescenewhenthefirst(free)internwasaccepted:a55-year-oldwomanbeganlisteningtothelectures,watching,learning,andmanipulating,andturnedtoamuchyounger,tech-savvywebwriterforadvice.

5.PositivecommentsabouttheinternshipprogramconfirmthatwowWwow’ssocialnetworksupportsitsmission:toexchangeprofessionalandpersonalexperiences,toencourageothers,andtomaketheworldabetterplace.

17.單選題

Topmarathonrunnerstendtobeleanandlight,starswimmersarelongthighswithhugefeetandgoldmedalweightliftersaresolidblocksofmusclewithshortarmsandlegs.So,doesyourphysicalshape—--andthewayyourbodyworks—--fityouforaparticularsport?Ordoesyourbodydevelopacertainwaybecauseofyourchosensport?

“It’sabout55:45,genestotheenvironment,”saysMikeRennie,professorofclinicalphysiologyatBritain’sUniversityofNottinghamMedicalSchoolRenniecitesthecaseofidenticaltwinsfromGermany,oneofwhomwasalong-distanceathlete,theotherapowerfulsportsman,so,“Theylookquitedifferent,despitebeingidenticaltwins.”

Someonewho’s1.5meterstallhaslittlechanceofbecominganelitebasketballplayer.Still,beingovertwometerstallwon’tautomaticallypushyoutoOlympicgold.“Unlessyouhavetacticalsensewhereneeded,unlessyouhaveaccesstogoodequipment,medicalcareandthepsychologicalconditions,andunlessyouareabletodriveyourselfthroughpain,allthephysicalstrengthwillbeinvain,”saidCraigSharp,professorofsportsscienceatBritain’sBrunelUniversity.

JonathanRobinson,anappliedsportsscientistattheUniversityofBath’ssportsdevelopmentdepartment,insouthwestEngland,pointstotheimportanceoftechnique.“Inswimmingonly5-10percentofthepropellingforcecomesfromthelegs,sotechniqueisvital.”

Havingtherightphysiquefortherightsportisagoodstartingpoint.Seventeenyearsago,theAustralianInstituteofSportstartedanationalTalentSearchProgram,whi