考研考博-英語-天津天獅學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津天獅學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Herspeechwas（

）andcausedalotofangrycomment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prospective

B.prone

C.provocative

D.promising

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)prospective“未來的，預(yù)期的”；B選項(xiàng)prone“有…傾向的”；C選項(xiàng)provocative“刺激的，挑撥的，氣人的”；D選項(xiàng)promising“有希望的”。句意：她的演講很氣人，引起了許多憤怒的評(píng)論。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

2.單選題

Americansfeelthatusingsomeone'swordsinaresearchpaperwithoutreferencingthemistantamounttostealing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.necessary

B.unbelievable

C.acceptable

D.equivalent

【答案】D

【解析】句意：美國人認(rèn)為，在研究論文中使用某人的話而不提及他們，就相當(dāng)于是抄襲。tantamount意為“等于，相當(dāng)于”。equivalent相等的，同意義的。選項(xiàng)D與之意思相近。

3.單選題

Inthenewageofemployment,NewZealandexecutiveswithskillstosellareincreasinglycreatingtheirownfuture.Inpracticalterms,thismeansthatcomplains,whichexpecttheirstafftogivetheirsoultothecompany,maybedisappointed.New-ageexecutiveswanttobethekeeperoftheirownsouls.Enlightenedchiefexecutivesknowthatexecutiveswhogive100percentaren’tnecessarilythebestpeopletohaveinthecompany.

Thelatestcatchphraseforthisnewapproachis“Balancedemployment,”whichinthefuturewillbecometheyardstickbywhichprospectiveemployeesjudgecompanies.Smartcompaniesarerightnowcreatinganenvironmentthatwillattracttheskillstheyneed.Therewillbeaskillshortageinmanycountriesinthenextcentury.Thepeoplewithskillsthatcompaniesneedarelookingforanenjoyableworkingenvironmentthatrecognizesthewholeperson.Theydonotwantacomeroffice;theywantfreedom.Theywanttohaveplentyofholidaystodotheirownthing.

Theimplicationsformanagementstylesareprofound.Tomorrow’sexecutiveswillbenotonproductivity,coldonarbitraryworkpatterns.Forthenewbreed,a70-hourworkingweekisn’tsomethingtoboastabout,ifit’sanadmissionoflousytimemanagement.Executivesrecruitmentagenciesreportthatmoreandmorepeopleareaskingfirstabouttheflexibilityofthecompany’sworkingarrangementsandonlysecondaboutsalarypackages.Thesalarypackagewasn'tunimportantbutcamewellbehindwhatmightbecalledthewholedetailsofthejob.Employeeswhoworkfororganizationsthatgivethemflexibilitydevelopanincrediblesenseofloyalty.Becausetheylovetheirwork,theydevelopaverystrongtiewiththeircompany.Inreturn,thisaddsuptothecreationofanenvironment,whichnotonlyattractsstaffbutkeepsthem,too.

Furthermore,manufacturershavetriedtoinstallhumanityintheworkplace.Best-sellingbooksbyDr.Dyerhaveencouragedemployeestothinkofthemselvesascreativeindividualsintheworkplaceandnotascogsinacorporatemill.

1.Executiveswhogive100percentaren’tnecessarilythebestpeopletohavethecompanybecause（

）.

2.Thecompanyispopularifithas

（

）.

3.WhichisNOTtrueaboutbalancedemployment?

4.Thesentence“Manufacturershavetriedtoinstallhumanityintheworkplace”(Para.4)means

（

）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.employeesthemselveswilldecidewhichcompanytochoose

B.thebestpeopledon’twanttodevotethemselvescompletelytothecompany

C.thebestpeopledon’tliketostayinaplaceforalongtime

D.thebestpeoplelookdownuponthelessqualified

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.arbitraryworkpatterns

B.lousymanagement

C.flexibleworkingenvironment

D.busytimeschedule

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thenumbersofemployersandemployeesareproportional

B.Employeeswillenjoymorefreedom

C.Itisastandardbywhichfutureemployeesjudgecompanies

D.Companieswillcreateenvironmentattractivetotheemployees

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theycarryouthumanetreatment

B.theyencourageemployeestoworkhard

C.theyplayaroleincorporatemill

D.theytakeindividualemployeesasdominantfactor

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Employeesdecidetochooseworkattheirownwill.

B.Loyaltyisessentialtoacompany.

C.Prospectiveemployeespreferfavorableenvironment.

D.Companieshavecreatedattractiveenvironment.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.考察判斷推理。文章第二段倒數(shù)第一二句Theydonotwantacomeroffice;theywantfreedom.Theywanttohaveplentyofholidaystodotheirownthing提到員工們要的是自由，希望有節(jié)假日來做自己的事情。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2..考察細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。文章第二段提到，未來的公司為了吸引有技能的人前來就業(yè)，需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造出更好的環(huán)境。員工最在乎的不是工資而是自己能否有足夠的假期來做自己的事情。文章第三段也提到相對(duì)自用的工作環(huán)境能夠讓員工對(duì)公司更加忠誠（Employeeswhoworkfororganizationsthatgivethemflexibilitydevelopanincrediblesenseofloyalty）。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.考察細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句Thelatestcatchphraseforthisnewapproachis“Balancedemployment,”whichinthefuturewillbecometheyardstickbywhichprospectiveemployeesjudgecompanies可以排除選項(xiàng)C；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二句Theydonotwantacomeroffice;theywantfreedom可以排除選項(xiàng)B；根據(jù)第二句Smartcompaniesarerightnowcreatinganenvironmentthatwillattracttheskillstheyneed排除選項(xiàng)D。所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.考察判斷推理。題干的意思是“制造商應(yīng)該把人性設(shè)置在工作場(chǎng)所”。文章提到了員工現(xiàn)在更加看中的是freedom而不是把報(bào)酬放在第一位，他們希望有自己的時(shí)間來做自己的事情，文章最后一段最后一句encouragedemployeestothinkofthemselvesascreativeindividualsintheworkplaceandnotascogsinacorporatemill提到這位博士鼓勵(lì)員工多去為自己想想而不是成為一個(gè)工作的機(jī)器，也就是說公司應(yīng)該把員工放在主要位置。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.考察主旨大意。文章主要講述了員工對(duì)于未來工作環(huán)境的要求。他們不再把工資報(bào)酬放在第一位，而是要有靈活的工作時(shí)間，有假期來做自己的事情，而不再是做一個(gè)工作的機(jī)器。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Atallchimney.

B.Ahugepieceofrock.

C.Thepeakofamountain.

D.Thestumpofagianttree.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Humanactivity.

B.Chemicalprocesses.

C.Windandwater.

D.Fireandfury.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itwasbuiltinancienttimes.

B.Itisahistoricalmonument.

C.Itwascreatedbysupernaturalpowers.

D.ItisIndians’sacredplaceforworship.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bykillingtheattackingbears.

B.Byshelteringtheminacave.

C.Byliftingthemwellabovetheground.

D.Bytakingthemtothetopofamountain.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】PassageOne

[9]Devil’sTower,thefirstnationalmonumentinAmerica,couldalmostbemistakenforthestumpofanenormoustree.Itssheerrocksidessweepupfromabroadbaseuntiltheycutoffabruptlyattheflatsummit.Risingmorethan1,000feetinthemiddleofthegentlyrollingplainsofWyoming,themassivecolumnofrock,looksasthoughitwasdroppeddownintothislocationfromadifferenttimeandplace.

Inasense,itwas.Devil’sTowerisarelicofthepastwhenthemeltedrockoftheearth’scoreforceditswaytothesurfacetoformthethroatofavolcano.Asthecenturiespassed,therockcooledandhardened,shrinkingandcrackingintolongcolumns,borninfireandfury.[10]Devil’sTowerwasthenshapedbytheslow,gentleworkofwindandwater.Theouterlayersofthevolcanowerewornawayuntilthehardcorestoodcompletelyexposed.

[11]SmallwonderthatanIndianlegenddescribedDevil’sTowerasbeingformedbysupernaturalpowers.Thelegendsaysthatwhensevengirlswereattackedbybears,theytookrefugeontopofasmallrock,andtheyappealedtotheRockGodforhelp.[12]TheGodcausedtherocktogrowandtoliftthegirlsfarabovetheground,whileitssideswerescoredbytheclawsoftheangrybears.Eventoday,saysthelegend,thegirlscanbeseenabovethetoweringrockassevenshiningstarsinthenightsky.

9.WhatdoesDevil’sTowerlooklike?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問惡魔塔看上去像什么？錄音首句就指出，惡魔塔為美國的第一個(gè)國家紀(jì)念碑。因其獨(dú)特的外形，差點(diǎn)被人們誤認(rèn)為是一棵巨大無比的樹樁。因此D選項(xiàng)“巨大的樹樁”正確。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)高大的煙囪”和C選項(xiàng)“一座山的頂峰”在錄音中沒有提及；B選項(xiàng)“一塊巨大的巖石”，錄音有提及惡魔塔實(shí)質(zhì)上是由巨大的巖石構(gòu)成，但題目問的是惡魔塔看上去像什么，因此B選項(xiàng)不符合題干。

10.Whatcausedthevolcano’souterlayertowearaway?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問是什么導(dǎo)致了火山表面的侵蝕？錄音中有提到惡魔塔是如何形成的。它是由巖石冷卻、變硬、收縮和斷裂而最終形成的。在此漫長過程中，惡魔塔受到風(fēng)化水蝕?；鹕奖砻姹磺治g掉，堅(jiān)硬的中心巖石完全暴露出來。因此，C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“人類活動(dòng)”和B選項(xiàng)“化學(xué)過程”在錄音中均沒有提及；D選項(xiàng)“火的燃燒與灼熱”，錄音中提到此信息是描述惡魔塔所產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境，并不是其外層被侵蝕掉的原因，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確。

11.WhatdoesanIndianlegendsayaboutDevil’sTower?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于惡魔塔的印第安傳說是怎樣的？錄音提到，印第安傳說中說魔鬼塔是由超自然力量形成的。C選項(xiàng)“它是由超自然力量創(chuàng)造的”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“它是在遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代建造的”和D選項(xiàng)“它是印第安人敬奉的圣地”在錄音中沒有信息提及；B選項(xiàng)“它是一個(gè)歷史紀(jì)念碑”，錄音中雖有提及惡魔塔是一座國家紀(jì)念碑（nationalmonument），但不等同于歷史紀(jì)念碑（historicalmonument），而且這與題目問的印第安傳說沒有相關(guān)性，因此可排除B選項(xiàng)。

12.HowdidtheRockGodhelpthesevengirlsintheIndianlegend?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問“石神”是如何幫助印第安傳說中的七個(gè)女孩的？錄音最后詳細(xì)講述了這個(gè)關(guān)于惡魔塔的印第安傳說：七個(gè)印第安女孩遇到熊的攻擊。女孩們無處可逃，爬上了小巖石的頂部，向“石神”求助?！笆瘛弊寧r石往上“長”起來，熊只能用爪子在巖石上抓出一道道的深痕。因此，C選項(xiàng)“從地面上把她們抬升起來”符合原文表述。A選項(xiàng)“殺死攻擊人的熊”；B選項(xiàng)“在山洞里掩護(hù)她們”和D選項(xiàng)“將她們帶到山頂”在錄音中均沒有提及。

5.單選題

Althoughhethoughthewashelpingustopreparethedinner,hewasactually（）theway.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.after

C.on

D.by

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)intheway“擋道，礙事，妨礙某人”；B選項(xiàng)aftertheway英語里沒有這樣的短語。C選項(xiàng)ontheway“在途中，在路上，從某種程度上來說”；D選項(xiàng)bytheway“順便說說，順便問一下”，句意：他以為他在幫我們準(zhǔn)備晚餐，其實(shí)根本不是這么回事。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.單選題

Mypain（）apparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:“Areyoufeelingallright?”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mustbe

B.musthavebeen

C.hadbeen

D.hadtobe

【答案】B

【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法。由原文句意可知，當(dāng)我進(jìn)房間的時(shí)候，我的痛苦一定很明顯，因?yàn)榈谝粋€(gè)看到我的人就同情地問我“你沒事吧”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，for連接并列句，補(bǔ)充說明前文推測(cè)的原因。再通過walked可知，空缺處是對(duì)過去的事實(shí)進(jìn)行肯定的推測(cè)，因此應(yīng)選用musthavebeen。故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

7.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

TherewardofforesightforthisnationisgreatandeasilyforetolD.Buttheremustbethelookahead,theremustbearealizationofthefactthattowaste,todestroy,ournaturalresources,toskinandexhaustthelandinsteadofusingitsoastoincreaseitsusefulness,willresultinundermininginthedaysofourchildrentheveryprosperitywhichweoughtbyrighttohanddowntothemamplifiedanddeveloped.

Optimismisagoodcharacteristic,butifcarriedtoanexcessitbecomesfoolishness.Wearepronetospeakoftheresourcesofthiscountryasinexhaustible;thisisnotso.Themineralwealthofthecountry,thecoal,iron,oil,gas,andthelike,doesnotreproduceitselfandthereforeiscertaintobeexhaustedultimately;andwastefulnessindealingwithittodaymeansthatourdescendantswillfeeltheexhaustionagenerationortwobeforetheyotherwisewould.

【答案】對(duì)這個(gè)國家來說，遠(yuǎn)見的回報(bào)是巨大的而且很容易預(yù)測(cè)。但是，我們必須向前看，而且必須認(rèn)識(shí)到一個(gè)事實(shí)：如果浪費(fèi)、破壞我們的自然資源，挖掘和消耗我們的土地，而不是增加土地的利用率，那么，這將破壞我們理應(yīng)傳給后代的成熟且發(fā)展的繁榮。

樂觀主義是一個(gè)好的性格特征，但是如果過于樂觀就是愚蠢。我們喜歡說我國的資源取之不盡、用之不竭，但是情況并非如此。國家的礦藏如煤、鐵、石油、天然氣等都不能再生，因此終將枯竭?，F(xiàn)在浪費(fèi)將意味著我們的后代比正常情況提前一或二代就感到資源的枯竭。

8.單選題

Excellentfilmsarethosewhich（

）nationalandculturalbarriers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transcend

B.traverse

C.abolish

D.suppress

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)transcend“勝過，超越”；B選項(xiàng)traverse“穿過；C選項(xiàng)abolish“廢除，取消”；D選項(xiàng)suppress“抑制”。

句意：優(yōu)秀的電影是那些超越國家和文化障礙的電影。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

9.單選題

Idon’tliketheridesinamusementparkbecausetheyhavea______effectonme.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.viable

B.amiable

C.vertiginous

D.monotonous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)viable表示“可行的，能養(yǎng)活的”，B項(xiàng)amiable表示“和藹可親的，親切的”，C項(xiàng)vertiginous表示“令人眩暈的，眼花的，高而陡峭的”，D項(xiàng)monotonous表示“單調(diào)的，無抑揚(yáng)頓挫的，無變化的”。根據(jù)ridesinamusementpark（游樂園里的游樂設(shè)施）可知，“令人眩暈的”符合語境。句意：我不喜歡游樂園里的游樂設(shè)施，因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)讓我頭暈?zāi)垦?。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

15.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tenyearsago.

B.Fiveyearsago.

C.Fifteenyearsago.

D.Severalweeksago.

【答案】A

【解析】M:Now,I’dliketoaskyouaboutanyillnessesyou’vehadinthepast.Couldyoutellmeaboutthis?

W:Letmethink...IhadmyappendixoutwhenIwas15.AndIhadachestinfectionwhenIwasonholidayintheUSA5yearsago.That’sall.

M:Couldyoutellmeifyou’vehadanyaccidentsorinjuredyourselfatanytime?

W:Wellyes,Islippedontheiceandbrokemyneck10yearsago.ActuallyIwasinhospitalthenforseveralweeks.I’dforgottenthat.

Q:Whendidthewomanhaveabonefracture?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士說：Islippedontheiceandbrokemyneck10yearsago（10年前我在冰上滑倒摔了脖子），故選A。

11.單選題

Thejoysoftravel,havinglong（）thedisabled,areopeninguptovirtuallyanyonewhohasthemeans.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.omitted

B.threatened

C.worried

D.fascinated

【答案】A

【解析】句意：對(duì)于殘疾人來說已經(jīng)久違的旅行的快樂，現(xiàn)在幾乎對(duì)每個(gè)有出行工具的人都敞開了大門。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。omit省略，遺漏；threat威脅，恐嚇；worry擔(dān)憂；fascinate使著迷。此處用omit表示“對(duì)于殘疾人來說已經(jīng)久違的旅行的快樂”。故選A。

12.單選題

Youmusthavewaitedhereforalongtime,（）you?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mustn't

B.didn't

C.haven’t

D.hadn't

【答案】C

【解析】句意:你一定在這里等了很長時(shí)間了，對(duì)嗎？

語法題。考查反義疑問句。句中的反意疑問句是對(duì)havewaited進(jìn)行反問，因陳述句部分中有foralongtime,即完成時(shí)態(tài)，故反意疑問句部分要用“haven’t/hasn’t+主語”。

13.單選題

Ican（）thehousebeinguntidy，butIhateitifit’snotclean.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.putinfor

B.putupwith

C.putdown

D.putacross

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。putinfor“申請(qǐng)”；putupwith“容忍，忍受”；putdown“記下，放下”；putacross“圓滿完成，使被接受”。句意：我可以忍受房子不整潔，但是我討厭房子不干凈。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

14.單選題

Almostalllibrariesarefindingitincreasinglydifficulttoremainwithintheir（）now.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.digest

B.budget

C.supplement

D.stocking

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。digest“文摘，摘要”；budget“預(yù)算”；supplement“增補(bǔ)品，補(bǔ)品”；stocking“長筒襪”。句意：幾乎所有的圖書館現(xiàn)在都發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的開支越來越難以保持在預(yù)算之內(nèi)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.單選題

Thereturnsintheshort（）maybesmall,butoveranumberofyearstheinvestmentwillbewellrepaid.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interval

B.range

C.span

D.term

【答案】D

【解析】intheshortterm為固定搭配,

意為“在短期內(nèi)”。interval,span也可以表示一段時(shí)間,

但不能與intheshort搭配,range表示范圍。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

16.單選題

His（

）thathehadnothingtodowiththeaffairwasgreetedwithsomesuspicion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.necessity

B.statement

C.promotion

D.disposal

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。necessity“需要；必然性；必需品”；statement“聲明；陳述”；promotion“提升，晉升；推銷”；disposal“處理；支配”。句意：他聲稱自己與此事無關(guān)，受到了一些質(zhì)疑。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

17.單選題

（

）forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Haditnotbeen

B.Hadn’titbeen

C.Wasitnot

D.Wereitnot

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。由后面句子可知是對(duì)過去的虛擬，因此主句用過去完成時(shí)。

當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語部分含有were、should、had時(shí)，我們可以將連詞if省略掉，而將were、should、had置于句首。haditnotbeenforthefact=ifithadnotbeenforthefact。

句意：要不是她摔斷了腿，她或許會(huì)通過考試。

18.單選題

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（

）aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.stimulating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)modify“修改，更改”；B選項(xiàng)duplicate“模仿，復(fù)制”；C選項(xiàng)accelerate“加速，增速”；D選項(xiàng)stimulate“刺激”。根據(jù)賓語aviolentact（暴力行為）可知B選項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：最近，有報(bào)道稱，一些兒童模仿了以前在電視上看到的暴力行為。

19.單選題

1.Lovehastoppledkings,inspiredpoets,sparkedwars,soothedbeasts,andchangedthecourseofhistory.Itiscreditedforlife'sgreatestjoys,blamedforthemostcrushingsorrows.Andofcourse,it"makestheworldgoaround."

2.Allofwhichisnosurprisetobiologists.Theyknowthatloveiscentraltohumanexistence.Wearenotjustprogrammedforreproduction.Thecapacityforlovingemotionsisalsowrittenintoourbiochemistry,essentialifchildrenaretogrowandtothrive.Andlove'sabsencecanbedevastating.Thelossofaspouseoftenhastensdeathinolderpeople.

3.Lovebeganwithmotherhood.Formammalianyoungtosurvive,mothersmustinvestconsiderabletimeandenergyinthem.Ofcourse,thevaryinggrowthratesofmammalianspeciesrequiresomemotherstoinvestmoretimeandenergythanothers.Anelephantsealsucklesherpupforonlyafewweeksbeforeabandoningit;otherspecies,includingelephants,someprimates,andespeciallypeople,lavishattentionontheiryoungforyears.

4.Withthehelpofoxytocin(achemicalthatfostersthebondbetweenmothersandchildren),dotingmothersareabletocatertotheiroffspring'severywhimandwhimper.Whenfemalesofmostmammalianspeciesgivebirth,theirbodiesarefloodedwithoxytocin,knownsince1906asahormonethatstimulatesuterinecontractionsandallowthebreaststo"letdown"milk.Butoxytocinalsoactsasaneurotransmitter,orchemicalmessenger,thatcanguidebehavior.Withoutit,aewecannotrecognizeherownlamb.Avirginfemaleratgivenashotofoxytocinwillnuzzleanotherfemale'spups,crouchingoverthemprotectivelyasiftheywereherown.

5.Studiesofasmallrodentknownastheprairievole,acuddlyballoffur,whosematingbondoflifelongmonogamywouldputmosthumancouplestoshame,indicateoxytocinmayalsoplayaroleintheheadyfeelingsassociatedwithromance."Youjustcan'timaginehowmuchtimetheseanimalsspendtogether.Prairievolesalwayswanttobewithsomebody,"saysCarter.Thevoles'undyingdevotionistheworknotonlyofoxytocinbutalsoofarelatedhormone,vasopressin.Whensinglemaleandfemaleprairievolesmeet;theycommenceatwo-day-longboutofsexthatreleasesoxytocininthefemale'sbrain,bondinghertothemale,whoprefershismate'scompanyaboveallothers,guardinghisfamilyagainstintruderswithajealoushusband'szeal.

6.Likesomehumanplayboys,maleprairievolesseemtogetakickoutofcourtshipmixedwithdanger.CarterandcolleagueCourtneyDeVriesmadeyoung,unmatedvolesswimforthreeminutesbeforeallowingthemtomeetaprospectivemate.Theexerciseelevatedtheanimals'stresshormones,whicharealsoheightenedbyfear.Butwhilefemalesscurriedoffaftertheswimwithoutbondingtothemalesastheynormallywould,malevolesbondedfasterthanever.

7.Humanbeings—unlikerodents—arenotentirelyslavestotheirhormones.Butthebehaviorofvolesmayholdcluestowhymenandwomensometimesholddivergentviewsofsexandromance.Whilemanywomenprefercandlelightandsweettalk,menaremoreapttowelcomearollinthehayanytime,anywhere.Forsomemen(andsomewomen),sexisespeciallyenticingwhenforbidden.CarterandDeVriessuspectstresshormonescaninterferewithoxytocin'sactioninthebrain,keepingafemalevolefrombonding,andperhapspreventingmostwomenfromfindingdangersexuallyexciting.Vasopressin,incontrast,appearstoworkbetterinthepresenceofcertainstresshormones,possiblymakingdangeranaphrodisiacformanymales.

8.Passionateorplatonic,loveaffectsthewholebody,settingtheheartpounding,makingthestomachdoflip-flops,andofcourse,lightingthelionsonfire.Thesevisceralsensationsaretheworkofthevagusnerve,whichtracesameanderingpaththroughthebody,coordinatingtheactivitiesofinternalorgans,saystheUniversityofMaryland'sStephenPorges.Thevagusferriessignalsbetweenourinnardsandourbrains,conveyinginformationupwardaboutourinternalstateandsendingordersdownfromthebraintotheheart,thestomach,thelungs,andthesexorgans.

9.Withoutthevagus,saysPorges,lovewouldbeimpossible.Onepartofthenerveisevolutionarilyancient,controllingprimitivefunctionssuchassex,hunger,andfear.This"old"vagusrespondstooxytocinandservesasthepathwaybetweensexualorgansandthebrainforfeelingsofbotharousalandsatiationaftersex.ButPorgesarguesthatinmammals,newerbranchesofthevagusalsoconnectemotionalbraincenterswiththeheart,theface,andthevocalequipment,helpingtocoordinatefeelingswithfacialandverbalexpression.

10.Inotherwords,thepoetsandbardswerefightaboutonething.Theheartspeaksthelanguageoflove.AsEnglishpoetW.H.Audenwrote:"Whereloveisstrengthened,hoperestored,inheartsbychemicalaccord.Itmaynotliterallyskipabeatatthesightofone'sdesireorbreakwithsorrow,buttheheart'srhythmsareexquisitelytunedtolove."

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfrompassageaboutelephantseals?

2.Thedifferentloveritualsemployedbymenandwomencouldbeattributedtothepresenceofwhichofthefollowing?

3.WhichofthefollowingcouldbethebestanalogytothevagusnervedescribedinParagraph8?

4.Animalsequippedonlywith"old"vaguscanNOTdowhichofthefollowing?

5.Thepurposeofthelastparagraphisto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thefemalesareirresponsiblemothers.

B.Theiryoungtakelesstimetogrowupthanyoungelephants.

C.Theyhaveashorterlifespanthanelephants.

D.Theyreproducemorerapidlythanelephant.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Oxytocin.

B.Vasopressin.

C.Interactionofoxytocinandvasepressin.

D.Stresshormones.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ahighwaybetweentwocites.

B.Airrouteslinkingmajorcitiesaroundtheworld.

C.TheWorldWideWeb.

D.CircuitslinkingtheCPUandtheaccessoriesinthecomputer.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Feelhungry.

B.Experiencefear.

C.Feelsexualarousal.

D.Faciallyexpressemotions.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.indicatethatpoetsandbardsaremostcapableofexpressinglove

B.implythatloveisexpressedthroughtheheartratherthroughthefaceorthevoice

C.givesupporttothestatementthatnewerbranchesofvagusconnecttheemotionalbraincenterstotheheart,thefaceandthevocalequipment

D.drawaconclusionbasedonthefactsinthepreviousparagraph

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干中的elephantseals可定位到文章第三段中，由Anelephantsealsucklesherpupforonlyafewweeksbeforeabandoningit;otherspecies,includingelephants,someprimates,andespeciallypeople,lavishattentionontheiryoungforyears.（一只海象在拋棄它的幼仔之前只給它喂奶了幾個(gè)星期；其他物種，包括大象、一些靈長類動(dòng)物，特別是人類，多年來一直在關(guān)注他們的幼仔）可知B選項(xiàng)“海象的幼仔比小象花更少的時(shí)間長大”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第七段中的CarterandDeVriessuspectstresshormonescaninterferewithoxytocin'sactioninthebrain,keepingafemalevolefrombonding,andperhapspreventingmostwomenfromfindingdangersexuallyexciting.Vasopressin,incontrast,appearstoworkbetterinthepresenceofcertainstresshormones,possiblymakingdangeranaphrodisiacformanymales.（Carter和DeVries懷疑壓力荷爾蒙會(huì)干擾大腦中的后葉催產(chǎn)素，阻止雌性田鼠與雄性結(jié)合，可能同樣導(dǎo)致大多數(shù)女性認(rèn)為危險(xiǎn)并不具有性吸引力。相反，后葉加壓素與壓力荷爾蒙則產(chǎn)生不同的效果，可能促使多數(shù)男性認(rèn)為危險(xiǎn)具有性吸引力）可知壓力荷爾蒙與不同的激素結(jié)合，在男性和女性身上會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的效果，因此選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干：以下哪項(xiàng)可能是第8段所述迷走神經(jīng)的最佳類比？

由文章第八段中的Thevagusferriessignalsbetweenourinnardsandourbrains,conveyinginformationupwardaboutourinternalstateandsendingordersdownfromthebraintotheheart,thestomach,thelungs,andthesexorgans.（迷走神經(jīng)在內(nèi)臟和大腦之間傳遞信號(hào)，將身體內(nèi)部狀態(tài)向上傳遞給大腦，再將大腦指令傳遞給心臟、胃、肺以及性器官）可知D選項(xiàng)“連接CPU和計(jì)算機(jī)附件的電路”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第九段中的Onepartofthenerveisevolutionarilyancient,controllingprimitivefunctionssuchassex,hunger,andfear.（迷走神經(jīng)的一部分從人類進(jìn)化初期就出現(xiàn)，控制著性、饑餓和恐懼等原始功能）可知迷走神經(jīng)不包括面部表情，因此選D。

5.主旨大意題。由文章最后一段第一句Inotherwords（換句話說）可知本段是對(duì)上一段的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，由第九段最后一句ButPorgesarguesthatinmammals,newerbranchesofthevagusalsoconnectemotionalbraincenterswiththeheart,theface,andthevocalequipment,helpingtocoordinatefeelingswithfacialandverbalexpression.（但Porges認(rèn)為，在哺乳動(dòng)物中，迷走神經(jīng)的新分支也連接大腦情感中心與心臟、臉部、發(fā)聲器官、幫助協(xié)調(diào)感覺與面部和語言表達(dá)）可知C選項(xiàng)“支持一種說法，即迷走神經(jīng)的新分支將大腦情感中心與心臟、面部和發(fā)聲器官連接起來”符合題意。

20.單選題

Inthe______areasoftherailroadterminal,thousandsoftravelerslingeredwhilewaitingfortheirtrain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.circuitous

B.baleful

C.auxiliary

D.capacious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)circuitous表示“迂曲的，繞行的”，B項(xiàng)baleful表示“惡意的，有害的”，C項(xiàng)auxiliary表示“輔助的，副的，附加的”，D項(xiàng)capacious表示“寬敞的，廣闊的”。根據(jù)railroadterminal（鐵路終點(diǎn)站）和thousandsoftravelers（成千上萬的旅客）可知，______areas表示“寬敞的地方”。句意：在鐵路終點(diǎn)站廣闊的區(qū)域里，成千上萬的旅客逗留在那等待火車。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Readinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadinghavechanged（1）overthecenturies.Duringthe1950’sand1960’sespecially,increasedattentionhasbeendevotedto（2）thereadingprocess.（3）specialistsagreethatreading（4）acomplexorganizationofhighermental（5）,theydisagree（6）theexactnatureoftheprocess.Someexperts,whoregardlanguageprimarilyasacodeusingsymbolstorepresentsounds,（7）readingassimplythedecodingofsymbolsintothesoundstheystand（8）.

Theseauthorities（9）thatmeaning,beingconcernedwiththinking,mustbetaughtindependentlyofthedecodingprocess.Othersmaintainthatreadingisinexplicablyrelatedtothinking,andthatachildwhopronouncessoundswithout（10）theirmeaningisnottrulyreading.

Formanypeopletoday,readingisnolongerrelaxation.Tokeepuptheirworktheymustreadletters,reports,tradepublications,interofficecommunications,nottomentionnewspapersandmagazine:anever-endingfloodofwords.In（11）ajoboradvancinginone,theabilitytoreadandcomprehend（12）canmeanthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.Yettheunfortunatefactisthatmostofusare（13）readers.Mostofusdeveloppoorreading（14）atanearlyage,andnevergetoverthem.Themaindeficiency（15）intheactualstuffoflanguageitself—words.Takenindividually,wordshave（16）meaninguntiltheyarestrungtogatherintophrases,sentencesandparagraphs.（17）,however,theuntrainedreaderdoesnotreadgroupsofwords.Helaboriouslyreadsonewordatatime,oftenregressingto（18）wordsorpassages.Regression,thetendencytolookbackover（19）youhavejustread,isacommonbadhabitinreading.Anotherhabitwhich（20）downthespeedofreadingisvocalization—soundingeachwordeitherorallyormentallyas（21）reads.

Toovercomethesebadhabits,somereadingclinicsuseadevicecalledan（22）,whichmovesabar(orcurtain)downthepageatapredeterminedspeed.Thebarissetataslightlyfasterrate（23）thereaderfindscomfortable,inorderto“stretch”him.Theacceleratorforcesthereadertoreadfast,（24）word-by-wordreading,regressionandsubvocalization,practicallyimpossible.Atfirst（25）issacrificedforspeed.Butwhenyoulearntoreadideasandconcepts,youwillnotonlyreadfaster,（26）yourcomprehensionwillimprove.Manypeoplehavefound（27）readingskilldrasticallyimprovedaftersometraining.（28）CharlceAu,abusinessmanager,forinstance,hisreadingratewasareasonablygood172wordsaminute（29）thetraining,nowitisanexcellent1,378wordsaminute.Heisdelightedthathowhecan（30）alotmorereadingmaterialinashortperiodoftime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.substantively

B.substantially

C.substitutively

D.subjectively

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.defineanddescribe

B.definitionanddescription

C.defininganddescribing

D.havedefinedanddescribed

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Although

B.If

C.Unless

D.Until

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.involves

B.involvesto

C.isinvolved

D.involvesof

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.opinions

B.effects

C.manners

D.functions

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.about

C.for

D.into

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.view

B.look

C.reassure

D.agree

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.to

C.off

D.for

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.content

B.contend

C.contempt

D.contact

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.interpreting

B.saying

C.explaining

D.reading

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.applying

B.acting

C.offering

D.getting

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.quickly

B.easily

C.roughly

D.decidedly

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.good

B.curious

C.poor

D.urgent

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.training

B.habits

C.situations

D.custom

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.lies

B.combines

C.touches

D.involves

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.some

B.alot

C.little

D.dull

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.Fortunately

B.Besides

C.Logically

D.Unfortunately

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.reuse

B.reread

C.rewrite

D.recite

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.if

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.scales

B.cuts

C.slows

D.measures

問題21選項(xiàng)

A.someone

B.one

C.he

D.reader

問題22選項(xiàng)

A.accelerator

B.actor

C.amplifier

D.observer

問題23選項(xiàng)

A.then

B.as

C.beyond

D.than

問題24選項(xiàng)

A.enabling

B.leading

C.making

D.indicating

問題25選項(xiàng)

A.meaning

B.comprehension

C.gist

D.regression

問題26選項(xiàng)

A.but

B.nor

C.or

D.for

問題27選項(xiàng)

A.our

B.your

C.their

D.such

問題28選項(xiàng)

A.Lookat

B.Take

C.Make

D.Consider

問題29選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.in

C.after

D.before

問題30選項(xiàng)

A.master

B.goover

C.present

D.getthrough

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:B