考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津電子信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津電子信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Fuelscarcities（）automobiledesignerstodevelopsmall-displacementvehiclesforpublicuse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prompted

B.encouraged

C.fomented

D.spotlighted

【答案】A

【解析】句意:燃料短缺促使汽車設(shè)計(jì)師開發(fā)供公眾使用的小排量汽車。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。prompt提示，促使，激起；encourage鼓勵(lì)，激勵(lì)；foment煽動(dòng)，挑起；；spotlight聚光照明，使公眾注意。因此A符合句意。

2.單選題

（）isquitenatural,abeginnercan'treadthebookswritteninEnglishveryquickly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Which

B.As

C.What

D.It

【答案】B

【解析】句意:初學(xué)者不能很快地閱讀英文原版書是很正常的。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候，表示“正如那樣”的含義。as指代的是后面的句子“abeginnercan'treadthebookswritteninEnglishveryquickly’’，而此處不用which,是因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中的which不能放在句首。

3.單選題

Dohelpyourselftosomefruit,（）you?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.can’t

B.don’t

C.wouldn’t

D.won’t

【答案】D

【解析】考查反義疑問(wèn)句。句意：吃點(diǎn)水果，好嗎？前半部分是表示邀請(qǐng)、提供對(duì)對(duì)方有益的行為等的祈使句時(shí)，反問(wèn)一般用will，上文為肯定語(yǔ)氣，故反問(wèn)部分用否定形式won’t。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeoplewhooperatethenewmachinesandonthesocietyintowhichthemachineshavebeenintroduced.Forexample,ithasbeensuggestedthattheemploymentofwomeninindustrytookthemoutofthehousehold,theirtraditionalsphere,andfundamentallyalteredtheirpositioninsociety.Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoenterfactories,JulesSimon,aFrenchpolitician,warnedthatbydoingso,womenwouldgiveuptheirfemininity.FriedrichEngels,however,predictedthatwomenwouldbeliberatedfromthe“social,legal,andeconomicsubordination”ofthefamilybytechnologicaldevelopmentsthatmadepossibletherecruitmentof“thewholefemalesexintopublicindustry.”O(jiān)bserversthusdifferedconcerningthesocialdesirabilityofmechanization’seffects,buttheyagreedthatitwouldtransformwomen’slives.

Historians,particularlythoseinvestigatingthehistoryofwomen,nowseriouslyquestionthisassumptionoftransformingpower.Theyconcludethatsuchdramatictechnologicalinnovationsasthespinningjenny,thesewingmachine,thetypewriterandthevacuumcleanerhavenotresultedinequallydramaticsocialchangesinwomen’seconomicpositionorintheprevailingevaluationofwomen’swork.TheemploymentofyoungwomenintextilemillsduringtheIndustrialRevolutionwaslargelyanextensionofanolderpatternofemploymentofyoung,singlewomenasdomestics.Itwasnotthechangeinofficetechnology,butrathertheseparationofsecretarialwork,previouslyseenasanapprenticeshipforbeginningmanagers,fromadministrativeworkthatinthe1880’screatedanewclassof“dead-end”jobs,thenceforthconsidered“women’swork.”Theincreaseinthenumbersofmarriedwomenemployedoutsidethehomeinthetwentiethcenturyhadlesstodowiththemechanizationofhouseworkandanincreaseinleisuretimeforthesewomenthanitdidwiththeirowneconomicnecessityandwithhighmarriageratesthatshranktheavailablepoolofsinglewomenworkers,previously,inmanycases,theonlywomenemployerswouldhire.

Women’sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years,movingfromthehouseholdtotheofficeorthefactory,andlaterbecomingmostlywhite-collarinsteadofblue-collarwork.Fundamentally,however,theconditionsunderwhichwomenworkhavechangedlittlesincebeforetheIndustrialRevolution:thesegregationofoccupationsbygender,lowerpayforwomenasagroup,jobsthatrequirerelativelylowlevelsofskillandofferwomenlittleopportunityforadvancementallpersist,whilewomen'shouseholdlaborremainsdemanding.Recenthistoricalinvestigationhasledtoamajorrevisionofthenotionthattechnologyisalwaysinherentlyrevolutionaryinitseffectsonsociety.Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.

46.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

47.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldconsiderwhichofthefollowingtobeanindicationofafundamentalalterationintheconditionsofwomen’swork?

48.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmanyemployersbeforethetwentiethcenturyisNOTimpliedinthepassage?

49.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionoftheconcludingsentenceofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theeffectsofthemechanizationofwomen’sworkhavenotborneoutthefrequentlyheldassumptionthatnewtechnologyisinherentlyrevolutionary.

B.Recentstudieshaveshownthatmechanizationrevolutionizesasociety’straditionalvaluesandthecustomaryrolesofitsmembers.

C.Mechanizationhascausedthenatureofwomen’sworktochangesincetheIndustrialRevolution.

D.Themechanizationofwomen’swork,whileextremelyrevolutionaryinitseffects,hasnot,onthewhole,hadthedeleteriouseffectsthatsomecriticshadfeared.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Statisticsshowingthatthemajorityofwomennowoccupywhite-collarpositions.

B.Interviewswithmarriedmenindicatingthattheyarenowdoingsomehouseholdtasks.

C.Surveysofthelabormarketdocumentingtherecentcreationofanewclassofjobsinelectronicsinwhichwomenworkersoutnumbermenfourtoone.

D.Censusresultsshowingthatworkingwomen’swagesandsalariesare,ontheaverage,ashighasthoseofworkingmen.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theydidemploywomeninfactories200yearsago.

B.Theytendedtoemploysingleratherthanmarriedwomen.

C.Theyhiredwomenonlywhenqualifiedmenwerenotavailabletofilltheopenpositions.

D.Theyhiredwomentodomostofthewhite-collarwork.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itsumsupthegeneralpointsconcerningthemechanizationofworkmadeinthepassageasawhole.

B.Itdrawsaconclusionconcerningtheeffectsofthemechanizationofworkwhichgoesbeyondtheevidencepresentedinthepassageasawhole.

C.Itrestatesthepointconcerningtechnologymadeinthesentenceimmediatelyprecedingit.

D.Itqualifiestheauthor’sagreementwithscholarswhoargueforamajorrevisionintheassessmentoftheimpactofmechanizationonsociety.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】46.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一句Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeople...（人們常常認(rèn)為，工作的機(jī)械化對(duì)操作新機(jī)器的人們的生活以及機(jī)器被引入的社會(huì)有著革命性的影響），提出了人們普遍認(rèn)同的一種觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為mechanization為人們的生活和社會(huì)帶來(lái)了revolutionaryeffect，而該段最后一句提出許多觀察者不同意這種見解；之后，文章以婦女所從事工作的轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槔?，進(jìn)一步論證最后得出結(jié)論：Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.（機(jī)械化甚至可能延緩了女性在勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)和家庭中的傳統(tǒng)地位的變化進(jìn)程）因此，選項(xiàng)A“現(xiàn)代化對(duì)婦女工作的影響證明，普遍認(rèn)同的新技術(shù)具有與生俱來(lái)的創(chuàng)新性這一說(shuō)法站不住腳”最能概括文章的大意。B“最近的研究表明，機(jī)械化徹底改變了一個(gè)社會(huì)的傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀及其成員的習(xí)慣角色”和C“自工業(yè)革命以來(lái)，機(jī)械化使婦女工作的性質(zhì)發(fā)生了變化”兩項(xiàng)均與文章所持的觀點(diǎn)相左，而D項(xiàng)“婦女工作的機(jī)械化雖然在其效果上極為革命性，但總體上并沒(méi)有產(chǎn)生一些評(píng)論家所擔(dān)心的有害影響”只是文章提到的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，不能概括大意。

47.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意為：根據(jù)文章可推斷作者把下列哪個(gè)看作是婦女工作條件發(fā)生根本轉(zhuǎn)變的一個(gè)標(biāo)志。文章第三段前半部分是說(shuō)：在過(guò)去的200年里，婦女的工作發(fā)生了很大的變化，從家庭轉(zhuǎn)移到辦公室或工廠，后來(lái)主要成為白領(lǐng)而不是藍(lán)領(lǐng)。然而，從根本上說(shuō)，自工業(yè)革命前以來(lái)，婦女工作的條件幾乎沒(méi)有改變：按性別劃分職業(yè)、婦女作為一個(gè)群體的工資較低、要求相對(duì)較低的技能水平和很少為婦女提供晉升機(jī)會(huì)的工作都持續(xù)存在，而婦女的家務(wù)勞動(dòng)仍然要求很高。據(jù)此，只有D項(xiàng)“人口普查結(jié)果顯示，職業(yè)婦女的工資和薪金平均與職業(yè)男子一樣高”，符合作者的意圖。A項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)女性擔(dān)任白領(lǐng)職位”，B項(xiàng)“對(duì)已婚男性的采訪表明他們現(xiàn)在正在做一些家務(wù)”，C項(xiàng)“對(duì)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的調(diào)查，記錄了最近在電子行業(yè)創(chuàng)造了一類新的工作崗位，其中女性工人的數(shù)量比男性多4:1”，均是對(duì)文意的曲解。

48.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干：以下關(guān)于二十世紀(jì)以前許多雇主的陳述中，哪一個(gè)不是在文章中暗示的？C項(xiàng)“只有當(dāng)合格的男性無(wú)法填補(bǔ)空缺職位時(shí)，他們才雇用女性”，文中并未體現(xiàn)，當(dāng)選。第一段第三句Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoenterfactories（十九世紀(jì)，婦女開始進(jìn)入工廠），可知A項(xiàng)“在十九世紀(jì)，婦女開始進(jìn)入工廠”是正確的，不符合題意要求，排除；從第二段最后一句previously,inmanycases,theonlywomenemployerswouldhire（在這之前，在大多數(shù)情況下，單身女性是雇主唯一想雇傭的），可知B項(xiàng)“他們傾向于雇用單身婦女而不是已婚婦女”是正確的，排除；從第三段第一句Women’sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years…,andlaterbecomingmostlywhite-collarinsteadofblue-collarwork（在過(guò)去的200年里，婦女的工作發(fā)生了很大的變化……，后來(lái)主要成為白領(lǐng)而不是藍(lán)領(lǐng)），由此可知，D項(xiàng)“他們雇用婦女來(lái)做大部分的白領(lǐng)工作”與文章內(nèi)容相符，排除。

49.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干：以下哪一項(xiàng)最能描述文章結(jié)尾句的功能？找到文章結(jié)尾句Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.（機(jī)械化甚至可能延緩了婦女在勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)和家庭中傳統(tǒng)地位變化的進(jìn)程）。我們從第一段第一句就已經(jīng)知道關(guān)于勞動(dòng)機(jī)械化的一般觀點(diǎn)是：工作的機(jī)械化對(duì)操作新機(jī)器的人們的生活以及機(jī)器被引入的社會(huì)有著革命性的影響，所以結(jié)尾句與一般觀點(diǎn)不一致，因此A項(xiàng)“從整體上總結(jié)了文章中關(guān)于勞動(dòng)機(jī)械化的一般觀點(diǎn)”，錯(cuò)誤。B項(xiàng)“得出了一個(gè)結(jié)論，即工作機(jī)械化的影響超出了本文所提出的整體證據(jù)”，符合結(jié)尾句所要表達(dá)的意思；C項(xiàng)“它重申了它前面一句話中關(guān)于技術(shù)的觀點(diǎn)”，定位到它前一句話Recenthistoricalinvestigationhasledtoamajorrevisionofthenotionthattechnologyisalwaysinherentlyrevolutionaryinitseffectsonsociety（最近的歷史調(diào)查導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)重大的修正，即技術(shù)在其對(duì)社會(huì)的影響上總是具有內(nèi)在的革命性），此句是對(duì)主題句的復(fù)述，與末句不一致；D項(xiàng)“這證明了作者同意那些主張?jiān)跈C(jī)械化對(duì)社會(huì)影響的評(píng)估中進(jìn)行重大修訂的學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)”，并不能從這一句話就知道作者同意那些學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)。

5.單選題

What’shotfor2007amongtheveryrich?A$7.3milliondiamondring.AtriptoTanzaniatohuntwildanimals.Oh,andincomeinequality.

Sure,someleftistbillionaireslikeGeorgeSoroshavebeenrailingagainstinequalityforyears.Butincreasingly,centristandright-wingbillionairesarestartingtoworryaboutincomeinequalityandthefateofthemiddleclass.

InDecember,MortimerZuckermanwroteacolumninU.S.New&WorldReport,whichheowns,“Ournation’scorebargainwiththemiddleclassisdisintegrating,”lamentedthe117th-richestmaninAmerica.“Mostofoureconomicgainshavegonetopeopleattheverytopoftheincomeladder.Averageincomeforahouse-holdofpeopleofworkingage,bycontrast,hasfallenfiveyearsinarow.”Henotedthat“TensofmillionsofAmericansliveinfearthatamajorhealthproblemcanreducethemtobankruptcy.”

WilburRossJr.hasechoedZuckerman’sangeroverthebitterstrugglesfacedbymiddle-classAmericans.“It’sanoutragethatanyAmerican’slifeexpectancyshouldbeshortenedsimplybecausethecompanytheyworkedforwentbankruptandendedhealth-carecoverage,”saidtheformerchairmanoftheInternationalSteelGroup.

What’shappening?TheveryricharejustastrendyasyouandI,andcanbesowhenitcomestopoliticsandpolicy.GiventherecentchangeofcontrolinCongress,thepopularityofmeasureslikeincreasingtheminimumwage,andeffortsbyCalifornian’sgovernortoofferuniversalhealthcare,theseguysdon’tneedtheirownpersonalweathermentoknowwhichwaythewindblows.It’spossiblethatplutocratsareexpressingsolidaritywiththestrugglingmiddleclassaspartofanefforttoinsulatethemselvesfromconfiscatorytaxpolicies.Buttheprospectthatincomeinequalitywillleadtohighertaxesonthewealthydoesn’tkeepplutocratsupatnight.Theycanlivewiththat.

No,whattheyfearwasthatthepoliticalchallengesofsustainingsupportforglobaleconomicintegrationwillbemoredifficultintheUnitedStatesbecauseofwhathashappenedtothedistributionofincomeandeconomicinsecurity.

Inotherwords,ifmiddle-classAmericanscontinuetostrugglefranticallyastheultrawealthygroweverwealthier,itwillbeincreasinglydifficulttomaintainpoliticalsupportforthefreeflowofgoods,services,andcapitalacrossborders.AndwhentheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods,it’slikelytoencouragereciprocalactionabroad.Forpeoplewhobuyandsellcompanies,orwhoallocatecapitaltomarketsallaroundtheworld,that’stherealnightmare.

61.WhatisthecurrenttopicofcommoninterestamongtheveryrichinAmerica?

62.WhatdowelearnfromMortimerZuckerman’slamentation?

63.Fromthefifthparagraphwecanlearnthat______.

64.Whatistherealreasonforplutocratstoexpresssolidaritywiththemiddleclass?

65.WhatmayhappeniftheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thefateoftheultra-wealthypeople.

B.Thedisintegrationofthemiddleclass.

C.Theinequalityinthedistributionofwealth.

D.Theconflictbetweentheleftandtherightwing.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Manymiddle-incomefamilieshavefailedtomakeabargainforbetterwelfare.

B.TheAmericaneconomicsystemhascausedmanycompaniestogobankrupt.

C.TheAmericannationisbecomingmoreandmoredivideddespiteitswealth.

D.ThemajorityofAmericansbenefitlittlefromthenation’sgrowingwealth.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theveryricharefashion-conscious

B.theveryricharepoliticallysensitive

C.universalhealthcareistobeimplementedthroughoutAmerica

D.Congresshasgainedpopularitybyincreasingtheminimumwage

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theywanttoprotectthemselvesfromconfiscatorytaxation.

B.Theyknowthatthemiddleclasscontributemosttosociety.

C.Theywanttogainsupportforglobaleconomicintegration.

D.Theyfeelincreasinglythreatenedbyeconomicinsecurity.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thepricesofimportedgoodswillinevitablysoarbeyondcontrol.

B.Theinvestorswillhavetomakegreateffortstore-allocatecapital.

C.Thewealthywillattempttobuyforeigncompaniesacrossborders.

D.Foreigncountrieswillplacethesameeconomicbarriersinreturn.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】61.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“當(dāng)前美國(guó)富人共同感興趣的話題是什么？”。第二段提到Butincreasingly,centristandright-wingbillionairesarestartingtoworryaboutincomeinequalityandthefateofthemiddleclass.（但越來(lái)越多的中間派和右翼億萬(wàn)富翁開始擔(dān)心收入不平等和中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的命運(yùn)），可知當(dāng)前美國(guó)富人共同感興趣的話題是收入不平等和中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的命運(yùn)，所以C項(xiàng)“財(cái)富分配的不平等”正確。A項(xiàng)“超級(jí)富豪的命運(yùn)”和D項(xiàng)“左翼和右翼之間的沖突”在文中沒(méi)有提到；B項(xiàng)“中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的解體”太片面，美國(guó)富人擔(dān)心的是國(guó)家與中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的核心交易的瓦解。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

62.推理判斷題。題干意思是“我們從MortimerZuckerman的悲嘆中學(xué)到了什么？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第三段，原文提到Mostofoureconomicgainshavegonetopeopleattheverytopoftheincomeladder.Averageincomeforahouse-holdofpeopleofworkingage,bycontrast,hasfallenfiveyearsinarow.（我們的大部分經(jīng)濟(jì)收益都流向了收入階梯最頂端的人；相比之下，工薪階層家庭的平均收入?yún)s連續(xù)5年下降），可推斷，盡管國(guó)家財(cái)富增長(zhǎng)，但大多流向了收入最頂端的人，大部分的美國(guó)人得到的越來(lái)越少，故D項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)美國(guó)人從國(guó)家不斷增長(zhǎng)的財(cái)富中獲益甚少”正確，由此也可知A項(xiàng)“許多中等收入家庭未能爭(zhēng)取到更好的福利”錯(cuò)誤；第三段最后一句講到TensofmillionsofAmericansliveinfearthatamajorhealthproblemcanreducethemtobankruptcy.（數(shù)以千萬(wàn)計(jì)的美國(guó)人生活在恐懼之中，擔(dān)心一個(gè)重大的健康問(wèn)題就會(huì)讓他們破產(chǎn)），由此可知B項(xiàng)“美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致許多公司破產(chǎn)”表述與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“美國(guó)國(guó)家變得越來(lái)越分裂，盡管它很富有”在該段沒(méi)有提到。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

63.推理判斷題。題干意思是“從第五段我們可以了解到……”。第五段第二句提到TheveryricharejustastrendyasyouandI,andcanbesowhenitcomestopoliticsandpolicy.（富人和你我一樣適應(yīng)潮流，在政治和政策方面也可以如此），可以推斷，富人在政治和政策方面也非常敏感，故B項(xiàng)“非常富有的人在政治上很敏感”正確。A項(xiàng)“非常富有的人有時(shí)尚意識(shí)”是文中的一個(gè)比較，用來(lái)突出富人在政治方面的敏感性，該項(xiàng)不選；由andeffortsbyCalifornian’sgovernortoofferuniversalhealthcare（以及加州州長(zhǎng)提供全民醫(yī)療保健的努力）這一句可知，C項(xiàng)“全民醫(yī)療保健將在整個(gè)美國(guó)實(shí)施”表述錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“國(guó)會(huì)通過(guò)提高最低工資獲得了歡迎”，文中只提到了國(guó)會(huì)提高最低工資等措施的流行，并沒(méi)有描述它的歡迎程度。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

64.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“富豪們表達(dá)與中產(chǎn)階級(jí)團(tuán)結(jié)一致的真正原因是什么？”。根據(jù)第六段No,whattheyfearwasthatthepoliticalchallengesofsustainingsupportforglobaleconomicintegrationwillbemoredifficultintheUnitedStatesbecauseofwhathashappenedtothedistributionofincomeandeconomicinsecurity.（不，他們擔(dān)心的是，由于收入分配不均和經(jīng)濟(jì)不安全，美國(guó)面臨的持續(xù)支持全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的政治挑戰(zhàn)將更加困難）可知，富豪們表達(dá)與中產(chǎn)階級(jí)團(tuán)結(jié)一致的真正原因是想得到全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的支持，故C項(xiàng)“他們希望獲得對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的支持”正確。由第五段最后一句Buttheprospectthatincomeinequalitywillleadtohighertaxesonthewealthydoesn’tkeepplutocratsupatnight.Theycanlivewiththat.（但收入不平等將導(dǎo)致對(duì)富人增稅的前景不會(huì)讓富豪們夜不能寐，他們承受得了）可知，A項(xiàng)“他們想保護(hù)自己不被沒(méi)收”和D項(xiàng)“他們感到越來(lái)越受到經(jīng)濟(jì)不安全感的威脅”不符合原文；B項(xiàng)“他們知道中產(chǎn)階級(jí)對(duì)社會(huì)貢獻(xiàn)最大”在文中沒(méi)有提及。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

65.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“如果美國(guó)對(duì)外國(guó)投資者和外國(guó)商品設(shè)置障礙，會(huì)發(fā)生什么？”。由最后一段倒數(shù)第二句AndwhentheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods,it’slikelytoencouragereciprocalactionabroad.（當(dāng)美國(guó)為外國(guó)投資者和外國(guó)商品設(shè)置障礙時(shí)，很可能會(huì)鼓勵(lì)國(guó)外的對(duì)等行動(dòng)）可知，如果美國(guó)對(duì)外國(guó)投資者和外國(guó)商品設(shè)置障礙，其他國(guó)家也會(huì)采取相應(yīng)的措施，故D項(xiàng)“外國(guó)將設(shè)置同樣的經(jīng)濟(jì)壁壘作為回報(bào)”正確。A項(xiàng)“進(jìn)口商品的價(jià)格將不可避免地飆升到無(wú)法控制的程度”、B項(xiàng)“投資者將不得不做出巨大的努力來(lái)重新配置資本”和C項(xiàng)“富人將試圖跨越國(guó)界購(gòu)買外國(guó)公司”在文中都未提及。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

TomMacaulay,beingadiligentyoungman,neverrefusesto________moreworkthathisbossassignedtohim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeup

B.takein

C.takeoff

D.takeon

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)takeup“占據(jù)”；B選項(xiàng)takein“吸收，領(lǐng)會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)takeoff“脫下，起飛”；D選項(xiàng)takeon“承擔(dān)，承受”。句意：TomMacaulay作為一名勤奮的年輕人，從來(lái)不拒絕（）他老板派發(fā)給他的工作。派發(fā)的工作是要承擔(dān)的，因而答案選D最為合適。

7.單選題

TheNationalParkSystem______areasofnaturalbeautyforpreservationandpublicemployment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.setsaside

B.savesup

C.arrangesfor

D.reservesfor

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)setaside“挑出，留出”，B項(xiàng)saveup“儲(chǔ)蓄，貯存”，C項(xiàng)arrangefor“安排，為……做準(zhǔn)備”，D項(xiàng)reservefor“為……而保留”。由areasofnaturalbeauty（自然風(fēng)景區(qū)）可知，空格處填入“劃出、留出”符合，A項(xiàng)正確。句意：國(guó)家公園系統(tǒng)為自然保護(hù)和公共就業(yè)劃出了自然風(fēng)景區(qū)。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

Themorewomenandminoritiesmaketheirwayintotheranksofmanagement,themoretheyseemtowanttotalkaboutthingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid.Thenewcomersalsotendtoseeofficematterswithafresheye,intheprocesssometimescomingupwithcriticalanalysesoftheforcesthatshapeeveryone’sexperienceintheorganization.

ConsiderthenovelviewsofHarveyColemanofAtlantaonthesubjectofgettingahead.Colemanisblack.Hespent11yearswithIBM,halfofthemworkinginmanagementdevelopment,andnowservesasaconsultanttothelikesofAT&T.Coca-Cola,Prudential,andMerch.Colemansaysthatbasedonwhathe’sseenatbigcompanies,heweighsthedifferentelementsthatmakeforlong-termcareersuccessasfollows:performancecountsamere10%,image,30%;andexposure,afull60%.Colemanconcludesthatexcellentjobperformanceissocommonthesedaysthatwhiledoingyourworkwellmaywinyoupayincreases,itwon’tsecureyouthebigpromotion.Hefindsthatadvancementmoreoftendependsonhowmanypeopleknowyouandyourwork,andhowhighuptheyare.

Ridiculousbeliefs?Nottomanypeople,especiallymanywomenandmembersofminorityraceswho,likeColeman,feelthatthescales(障眼物)havedroppedfromtheireyes.“Womenandblacksinorganizationsworkunderfalsebeliefs,”saysKaleelJamison,aNewYork-basedmanagementconsultantwhohelpscorporationsdealwiththeseissues.“Theythinkthatifyouworkhard,you’llgetahead—thatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgiveyouapromotion.”Sheadds,“Mostwomenandblacksaresofrightenedthatpeoplewillthinkthey’vegottenaheadbecauseoftheirsexorcolorthattheyplaydowntheirvisibility.”Heradvicetothosefolks:learnthewaysthatwhitemaleshavetraditionallyusedtofindtheirwayintothespotlight.

1.Accordingtothepassage,“thingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid”(Para.1)probablyrefersto“________”.

2.Toachievesuccessinyourcareer,themostimportantfactor,accordingtothepassage,isto________.

3.Thereasonwhywomenandblacksplaydowntheirvisibilityisthatthey________.

4.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.criticismsthatshapeeveryone’sexperience

B.theopinionswhichcontradicttheestablishedbeliefs

C.thetendenciesthathelpthenewcomerstoseeofficematterswithafresheye

D.theideaswhichusuallycomeupwithnewwaysofmanagementintheorganization

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.performwellyourtasksgivenbyyoursuperiors

B.projectafavorableimagetothepeoplearoundyou

C.workasaconsultanttoyoursuperiors

D.letyoursuperiorsknowhowgoodyouare

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.knowthatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgivethemapromotion

B.wanttogivepeopletheimpressionthattheyworkunderfalsebeliefs

C.don’twantpeopletothinkthattheirpromotionswereduetosexorcolor

D.believetheycangetpromotedbyreasonoftheirsexorcolor

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.RoleofWomenandMinoritiesinManagement

B.TheImportanceofBeingVisible

C.JobPerformanceandAdvancement

D.SexandCareerSuccess

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,“thingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid”(Para.1)probablyrefersto“________”.根據(jù)文章，“以前認(rèn)為最好不要說(shuō)的事情”（第一段）可能指的是“________”。

A.criticismsthatshapeeveryone’sexperienceA.形成每個(gè)人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)的批判

B.theopinionswhichcontradicttheestablishedbeliefsB.與既定信念相矛盾的觀點(diǎn)

C.thetendenciesthathelpthenewcomerstoseeofficematterswithafresheyeC.有助于新人用新眼光看待辦公室事務(wù)的傾向

D.theideaswhichusuallycomeupwithnewwaysofmanagementintheorganizationD.在組織中通常會(huì)產(chǎn)生新型管理方式的想法

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞judgedtobebestleftunsaid定位到第一段第一句，該處講到“她們似乎就越想談?wù)撘郧罢J(rèn)為最好不要說(shuō)的事情（thingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid）”，結(jié)合該段第二句“新人傾向于用全新的眼光（fresheye）來(lái)看待公司的事務(wù)，在這過(guò)程中，有時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)形成組織中每個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)的力量進(jìn)行批判性分析（criticalanalyses）。”，可知這里不能說(shuō)的是和新觀點(diǎn)相反的，并且之前在大環(huán)境中普遍贊同的觀點(diǎn)，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“形成每個(gè)人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)的批判”：對(duì)應(yīng)第一段第二句，該處講到“有時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)形成組織中每個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)的力量（forcesthatshapeeveryone’sexperience）進(jìn)行批判性分析（criticalanalyses）”，這里指的不是批判塑造經(jīng)驗(yàn)，而是批判形成經(jīng)驗(yàn)的力量，屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“有助于新人用新眼光看待辦公室事務(wù)的傾向”：對(duì)應(yīng)第一段第二句，該處講到“新人傾向于用全新的眼光來(lái)看待公司的事務(wù)（tendtoseeofficematterswithafresheye）”，這里描述的是這件事本身，而不是說(shuō)要推動(dòng)這件事，屬于偷換概念；

D選項(xiàng)“在組織中通常會(huì)產(chǎn)生新型管理方式的想法”：文中沒(méi)有提到這些會(huì)產(chǎn)生新的管理方式，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Toachievesuccessinyourcareer,themostimportantfactor,accordingtothepassage,isto________.根據(jù)這篇文章，想要在你的職業(yè)生涯中取得成功，最重要的因素是________。

A.performwellyourtasksgivenbyyoursuperiorsA.出色完成上級(jí)交代的任務(wù)

B.projectafavorableimagetothepeoplearoundyouB.在周圍人面前樹立良好形象

C.workasaconsultanttoyoursuperiorsC.做你上司的顧問(wèn)

D.letyoursuperiorsknowhowgoodyouareD.讓你上司知道你有多優(yōu)秀

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞themostimportantfactor定位到第二段第一句，該處講到“長(zhǎng)期職業(yè)成功的不同要素（differentelements）如下：業(yè)績(jī)僅占10%，形象占30%，而曝光率高達(dá)60%（exposure,afull60%）?！?，結(jié)合該段第六句“晉升往往取決于（advancementmoreoftendependson）有多少人了解（howmanypeopleknow）你和你的工作，以及他們的職位高低”，可知在事業(yè)成功上，讓上司知道自己的優(yōu)秀最重要，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“出色完成上級(jí)交代的任務(wù)”：對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第一句“業(yè)績(jī)僅占10%（performancecountsamere10%）”，可知這不是最重要的因素，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“在周圍人面前樹立良好形象”：對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第一句“形象占30%（image,30%）”，可知這不是最重要的因素，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“做你上司的顧問(wèn)”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第三句“幫助企業(yè)處理這些問(wèn)題的管理顧問(wèn)（managementconsultant）卡列爾?賈米森”，這里只是提到此人及其職業(yè)，和取得職業(yè)生涯的成功無(wú)關(guān)，屬于偷換概念。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thereasonwhywomenandblacksplaydowntheirvisibilityisthatthey________.女性和黑人減少自己曝光率的原因是他們________。

A.knowthatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgivethemapromotionA.知道權(quán)威人士會(huì)向下視察，給他們升職

B.wanttogivepeopletheimpressionthattheyworkunderfalsebeliefsB.想給人一種他們抱著錯(cuò)誤信念工作的印象

C.don’twantpeopletothinkthattheirpromotionswereduetosexorcolorC.不希望人們認(rèn)為他們晉升是由于性別或膚色

D.believetheycangetpromotedbyreasonoftheirsexorcolorD.認(rèn)為他們能因性別或膚色而晉升

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞playdowntheirvisibility定位到第三段第五句，該處講到“大多數(shù)女性和黑人害怕人們認(rèn)為（sofrightenedthatpeoplewillthink）他們是因?yàn)樾詣e或膚色而晉升，因此他們減少了自己的曝光率（thattheyplaydowntheirvisibility）?！保芍湓蚴遣幌Ｍ麆e人認(rèn)為他們只因?yàn)樾詣e或膚色而晉升，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“知道會(huì)有上級(jí)向下視察，給他們升職”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第四句，該處講到“他們認(rèn)為（Theythink）權(quán)威人士會(huì)向下視察，給你升職（someoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgiveyouapromotion）。”，這是在解釋前一句提到的錯(cuò)誤信念，而非減少曝光率的主要原因，屬于張冠李戴；

B選項(xiàng)“想給人一種他們?cè)阱e(cuò)誤信念下工作的印象”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第三句，該處講到“列爾?賈米森說(shuō)（saysKaleelJamison），女性和黑人抱著錯(cuò)誤的信念工作?！保@句話是別人對(duì)他們的評(píng)價(jià)，而非他們自己想要這樣做，屬于偷換概念；

D選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為他們能因性別或膚色而晉升”：他們不希望別人認(rèn)為自己因性別或膚色而晉升，自己也不認(rèn)為這樣的事情會(huì)發(fā)生，屬于反向干擾。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe________.這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是________。

A.RoleofWomenandMinoritiesinManagementA.女性和少數(shù)族裔在管理中的作用

B.TheImportanceofBeingVisibleB.被看見的重要性

C.JobPerformanceandAdvancementC.工作表現(xiàn)與晉升

D.SexandCareerSuccessD.性別與事業(yè)成功

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】第一段提出女性、少數(shù)族裔（womenandminorities）和新人對(duì)于公司原有觀點(diǎn)的沖擊（talkaboutthingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid）；第二段點(diǎn)出自己和自己工作被上級(jí)看到（exposure,afull60%）是在職場(chǎng)中成功最重要的因素；第三段建議女性和黑人讓自己成為焦點(diǎn)（findtheirwayintothespotlight）。綜上所述，這篇文章層層遞進(jìn)，最終要表達(dá)的是在職場(chǎng)中，成為焦點(diǎn)、被看到很重要，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“女性和少數(shù)族裔在管理中的作用”：文中沒(méi)有提到女性和少數(shù)族裔在管理中如何發(fā)揮作用，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“工作表現(xiàn)與晉升”和D選項(xiàng)“性別與事業(yè)成功”：只是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不能概括全文，屬于以偏概全。

9.單選題

Inhisclassicnovel,“ThePioneers”,JamesFenimoreCooperhashishero,alanddeveloper,takehiscousinonatourofthecityheisbuilding.Hedescribesthebroadstreets,rowsofhouses,ateemingmetropolis.Buthiscousinlooksaroundbewildered.Allsheseesisaforest.“Wherearethebeautiesandimprovementswhichyouweretoshowme?”sheasks.He’sastonishedshecan’tseethem.“Where!Everywhere,”hereplies.Forthoughtheyarenotyetbuiltonearth,hehasbuilttheminhismind,andtheyasconcretetohimasiftheywerealreadyconstructedandfinished.

CooperwasillustratingadistinctlyAmericantrait,future-mindedness:theabilitytoseethepresentfromthevantagepointofthefuture;thefreedomtofeelunencumberedbythepastandmoreemotionallyattachedtothingstocome.“Americaisthereforethelandofthefuture,”theGermanphilosopherHegelwrote.“TheAmericanlivesevenmoreforhisgoals,forthefuture,thantheEuropean.”AlbertEinsteinconcurred.“Lifeforhimisalwaysbecoming,neverbeing.”

In2012,Americawillstillbetheplacewherethefuturehappensfirst,forthatisthenation’soldesttradition.TheearlyPuritanslivedinalmostStoneAgeconditions,buttheywereinspiredbyvisionsoffutureglories,God’skingdomonearth.Theearlypioneerswouldsometimestravelpastperfectlygoodfarmland,becausetheywereconvincedthatevenmoreamazinglandcouldbefoundoverthenextridge.TheFoundingFatherstook13scragglyColoniesandbelievedtheywerecreatinganewnationonearth.Therailroadspeculatorsenvisionedmagnificentfortunesbuiltonbandsofiron.It’snowfashionabletoridiculethevisionsofdot-comentrepreneursofthe1990s,buttheyhadinheritedtheurgetoleapforthehorizon.“TheFutureisendowedwithsuchalife,thatitlivestouseveninanticipation,”HermanMelvillewrote.“TheFutureistheBibleoftheFree.”

Thisfuture-mindednessexplainsmanymodernfeaturesofAmericanlife.Itexplainsworkaholism:theaverageAmericanworks350hoursayearmorethantheaverageEuropean.Americansmovemore,insearchofthatbrightertomorrow,thanpeopleinotherland.Theyalso,sadly,divorcemore,forthesamereason.AmericansadoptnewtechnologiessuchasonlineshoppingandcreditcardsmuchmorequicklythanpeopleinothercountriesForty-fivepercentofworldInternetusetakesplaceintheUnitedStates.Eventoday,aftertheburstingofthestock-marketbubble,Americanventure-capitalfirms—whichareinthebusinessofbettingonthefuture—dwarfthefirmsfromallothernations.

Future-mindednesscontributestothedisorderinAmericanlife,theobliviousnesstohistory,thehighratesoffamilybreakdown,thefrenziedwasteofnaturalresources.Italsoleadstoincredibleinnovations.AccordingtotheYalehistorianPaulKennedy,75percentoftheNobellaureatesineconomiesandthesciencesoverrecentdecadeshavelivedorworkedintheUnitedStates.Thecountryremainsamagnetforthefuture-mindedfromothernations.Onein12Americanshasenjoyedthethrillandchallengeofstartinghisownbusiness.AstudypublishedintheJournalofInternationalBusinessStudiesin2000showedthatinnovativepeoplearespreadprettyevenlythroughouttheglobe,butAmericansaremostcomfortablewithrisk.EntrepreneursintheU.S.aremorelikelytobelievethattheypossesstheabilitytoshapetheirownfuturethanpeoplein,say,Britain,AustraliaorSingapore.

Ifthe1990swereagreatdecadeoffuture-mindedness,wearenowinthemidstofaseasonofexperience.Iseemscoolertobeskeptical,topooh-poohallthoseIPOsuckerswholosttheirmoneybettingonthetelecomfuture.ButtheworldisnotbecomingmoreFrench.By2012,thisperiodofchastisementwilllikelyhaverunitscourse,andfuture-mindedn