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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東科技大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thesetwofirmsaresobigandpowerfulthattheymonopolizebetweenthemtheproductionandsaleofcigarettesinthiscountry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.govern

B.influence

C.supervise

D.dominate

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。橫線(xiàn)單詞monopolize意為“壟斷;獨(dú)占;擁有……的專(zhuān)賣(mài)權(quán)”;A選項(xiàng)“govern”意為“管理;支配;統(tǒng)治;控制”;B選項(xiàng)“influence”意為“影響;改變;支配”;C選項(xiàng)“supervise”意為“監(jiān)督;管理;指導(dǎo);主管”;D選項(xiàng)“dominate”意為“控制;支配;占優(yōu)勢(shì);在……中占主要地位”。句意:這兩家公司勢(shì)力巨大,壟斷了這個(gè)國(guó)家香煙的生產(chǎn)和銷(xiāo)售。由題干可知,Thesetwofirmsaresobigandpowerful(兩家公司勢(shì)力巨大)所以可推測(cè)出這兩家公司在這個(gè)國(guó)家的香煙生產(chǎn)和銷(xiāo)售中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。由此可知,monopolize在此處最可能是“壟斷”的意思,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中dominate具有“在……中占主要地位”的意思,與此相近。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

IputmveartotheobjectandlistenedcarefullyasIfirsttappeditlightlywithachopstickandthenstrikeditwithahammer;Iwantedtofindoutifitwashollow,preferablywithoutbreakingit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Iputmveartotheobject

B.asIfirsttappeditlightly

C.thenstrikeditwithahammer

D.washollow,preferably

E.沒(méi)有問(wèn)題

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞誤用。striked改為knocked。后面提到“withoutbreakingit”,這種程度應(yīng)該用Knocked合適。

3.單選題

It(

)howunleashingdomesticdemandinsurpluscountriescansupportstrongglobalgrowthasdeficitcountriesincreasesavingsandrepairbalancesheetsdamagedbythecrisis.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.setson

B.setsin

C.setsover

D.setsout

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析。set...on“使……襲擊”;setin“到來(lái);開(kāi)始”;setover“置于…上,指派…管理,移交”;setout“出發(fā),開(kāi)始,陳述”。句意:它闡述了在赤字國(guó)家增加儲(chǔ)蓄、修復(fù)因危機(jī)而受損的資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表之際,盈余國(guó)家釋放內(nèi)需如何支撐強(qiáng)勁的全球增長(zhǎng)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Ishallexplaintherules______wehavereceivedmanyobjections.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.towhich

B.towhere

C.towho

D.towhom

【答案】A

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法??崭裉幮枰x擇一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞,而先行詞是物,所以只能用which或者that,但是先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)馁e語(yǔ),objectionto表示“反對(duì)”,因此前面引導(dǎo)詞要用towhich。句意:我將解釋一下之前收到許多反對(duì)意見(jiàn)的條例。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

()peoplewhofindmeaningintheirworkaregenerally—productive,supportivecoworkersandpromoteworkplaceharmony.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Self-important

B.Self-declared

C.Self-conscious

D.Self-motivated

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。self-important“妄自尊大的,高傲的”;self-declared“自命的,自稱(chēng)的”;self-conscious“自覺(jué)的,自發(fā)的”;self-motivated“自我激勵(lì)的,有上進(jìn)心的”。句意:有上進(jìn)心的人往往能在工作中找到意義,他們通常富有創(chuàng)造力,樂(lè)于幫助同事,營(yíng)造和諧的工作氛圍。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

ThomasLeech()averysuccessfulcareerasaphotographer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.builtup

B.carvedout

C.foughtfor

D.stumbledon

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。buildup“增強(qiáng),加強(qiáng)”;carvedout“創(chuàng)業(yè),開(kāi)創(chuàng)”;foughtfor“為而奮斗”;stumbleon“無(wú)意中發(fā)現(xiàn),偶然遇到”。句意:托馬斯作為一名攝影師開(kāi)創(chuàng)了一份成功的事業(yè)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.單選題

Thepolicearetryingto()whatreallyhappened.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ascertain

B.assert

C.avert

D.ascribe

【答案】A

【解析】句意:警方正試圖弄清到底發(fā)生了什么事。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。ascertain查明,弄清;assert主張,斷言,聲明,維護(hù),堅(jiān)持;avert防止,避免,避開(kāi);ascribe把……歸于,把……歸咎于。因此A符合句意。

8.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

TheUnitedKingdomhasanextraordinarilyrichanddiverseartisticheritage,withBritishpoets,playwrights,musicians,sculptors,paintersandfilmmakersenjoyedandadmiredallovertheworld.

TheUnitedKingdom’scontributionstothevisualartsareimmenseandthentherearemanytracestobefoundaroundthecountry,fromstrikingarchitecturetopaintings,ceramicsandsculptureswhichcanbeeasilyfoundinourmanyartgalleriesandmuseums.

Theperformingartsarethrivingaswell.Music,theatre,filmmaking,danceandoperaareallperformedenthusiasticallyintheatres,concerthallsandstudiosalloverthecountryeverynightoftheyear.

Therichnessofourculturallifeislargelydowntoourdiversehistory,formanyhundredsofyearsdifferentracesandcultureshavehadaninfluenceontheUnitedKingdomandhaveconsequentlyplayedaroleincreatingthesocietyweliveintoday.

【答案】英國(guó)有著及其豐富多樣的藝術(shù)遺產(chǎn),受人喜愛(ài)和尊敬英國(guó)詩(shī)人、劇作家、音樂(lè)家、雕塑家、畫(huà)家和電影制作人遍布世界各地。

英國(guó)對(duì)視覺(jué)藝術(shù)的貢獻(xiàn)是巨大的,在全國(guó)各地有許多蹤跡可尋,從引人注目的建筑到繪畫(huà)、陶瓷和雕塑,在我們的許多美術(shù)館和博物館都很容易找到。

表演藝術(shù)也蓬勃發(fā)展。音樂(lè)、戲劇、電影制作、舞蹈和歌劇每晚都在全國(guó)各地的劇院、音樂(lè)廳和攝影棚中激情地演出。

我們文化生活的豐富性在很大程度上取決于我們多元的歷史。數(shù)百年來(lái),不同的種族和文化對(duì)英國(guó)產(chǎn)生了影響,并因此在創(chuàng)造我們今天生活的社會(huì)中發(fā)揮了作用。

9.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoEnglish.Writeyourtranslationontheanswersheet.(10points)

春暖花開(kāi)之日,人們的視野里滿(mǎn)是粉桃白李,綠野芳蹤;秋風(fēng)瑟瑟之際,人們的視野里盡為衰草枯枝,黃葉遍地。因此而引發(fā)了多少傷春悲秋的感嘆。但這些感嘆卻實(shí)際出于心靈的視野,超乎眼睛看到的范圍。

一個(gè)熱愛(ài)生命的、富于想象的人,他的心靈“看”到、更感受到的,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)他的目力所及。這樣的話(huà),即使他是盲人,也能擁有一個(gè)絢爛多姿的世界。反之,有的人雖耳聞目睹人間百態(tài),卻不會(huì)用心去體察、領(lǐng)悟,那么他心靈的視野就只是一片茫茫的白色。

如果處在心靈的荒漠中,誰(shuí)都會(huì)為這無(wú)際的空虛而感到寂寞、孤獨(dú)甚至恐懼。其實(shí),這荒漠只是視野中的“海市蜃樓”?!巴饷娴氖澜纭备杪曇琅f悅耳,花草依舊芳艷,熱情的朋友們正向你走來(lái)。只要你自己能夠撥開(kāi)眼前的迷霧,仔細(xì)審視“視野”中的景象,正視內(nèi)心的細(xì)微感動(dòng),就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)視野中的美景,自然而然地?cái)[脫這無(wú)援的境地。

【答案】【參考譯文】

Ifyoufeelyourselfinadesertofheart,youwouldcertainlyfeellonelyandevenfrightenedamongsuchavastspaceofemptiness.Infact,itisjustavisionarymirage,commontomanypeople.Infact,therearealwayspleasantmelodiesintheworldoutside,aswellasprettyscenesandwarm-heartedfriendswalkinguptoyou.Youaresuretoseethebeautyinyourvisionandgetawayfromthehelplesssituationifyoucanseethroughthemistaroundyou,studythescenesinyourvision,faceeverylittlemoveinyourheart.

10.單選題

Theblackcloudsofgatheringthunderstormlookquite(

).

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ominous

B.negligible

C.overcast

D.obscure

【答案】A

【解析】ominous預(yù)兆的,不吉利的;negligible微不足道的,可忽略的;overcast愁?lèi)灥?,陰暗的;obscure昏暗的,晦澀的,不清楚的。句意:烏云密布的雷暴看起來(lái)很不吉利。選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境。

11.單選題

Aftertheveryactiveandsuccessfultenure(任職)ofofficebytheSenegalesePresidentastheheadoftheOrganizationofAfricanUnity,itwashighlylogicaltothinkthatthesuccessor,whoeverhemightbe,wouldhaveadifficulttaskindoingabetterjob.

TheCongolesepresidentsettoworkassoonashewaselected.HisfirststepwastosuggesttothedeanofheadsofStatepresentintheEthiopiancapital,PresidentKennethKaundaofZambia,tosummonameetingoftheleadersofcountriesthatlieclosetoSouthAfrica.Itsaim:todefineastrategyinordertoovercomethereprisals(報(bào)復(fù)行為)thattheracistregimeofPretoriaislikelytotakeagainstitsneighborsincasesanctions(制裁)areimposedbytheinternationalcommunity.

PresidentSassouNguesohasalreadyundertakenanumberoftripsabroad.HethuswenttoHarare(Zimbabwe)wherehedeliveredaspeech,onSeptember1,onbehalfofAfricabeforethesummitmeetingofnon-aligned(不結(jié)盟的)nations.

AttheendofSeptember,hewasinNewYork,forastatementbeforetheGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitedNations,andtheninWashington,fortalkswithhigh-rankingmembersoftheReaganAdministration.HethenwenttoOttawa,forconsultationswithleadingmembersoftheCanadiangovernment.

TheCongolesepresident’saim,inalltheseendeavors,istoconvincestillreluctantcountriesoftheimperiousnecessityofimposingsanctionsagainsttheracistregimeofPretoria.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theword“successor”refersto______.

2.Accordingtothepassage,DenisSassouNgueso______.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

4.WemaydrawtheconclusionthatPresidentSassouNguesohasbeenworkingreallyhardto______.

5.Thispieceismostprobablytakenfrom______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.apersonwhoenjoyedasuccessfulcareerinpolitics

B.apersonwhowasverypopularinthepoliticalarena

C.thepersonwhowastoleadtheorganization

D.theformerheadoftheorganization

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.isCongolese

B.knewthatitwasverydifficultforhimtobeelected

C.waselectedwithoutanyopposition

D.hasheldameetingintheEthiopiancapital

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.PresidentSassouNguesohasdecidedtovisitasmanyAfricancountriesaspossible.

B.PresidentSassouNguesomadeasuggestiontoPresidentKennethKaundathatameetingbeheldoftheleadersofcountriesthatlieclosetoSouthAfrica.

C.PresidentSassouNguesowenttoHarareanddeliveredaspeechthere.

D.IfsanctionsareimposedagainstSouthAfricabytheinternationalcommunity,theracistregimeofPretoriawillprobablytakerevengeonitsneighbors.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.provehimselfatrustworthypresident

B.convincesomereluctantcountriesthatitishighlynecessarytoimposesanctionsagainsttheracistregimeofPretoria

C.showtothewholeworldthestrengthandpoweroftheOrganizationofAfricanUnity

D.seekfinancialsupportfromsomeadvancedcountriestopromoteAfricaneconomy

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.anewspaperreport

B.abiography

C.ahistorybook

D.aWho’sWho

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞““successor”可以定位到文章第一段AftertheveryactiveandsuccessfultenureofofficebytheSenegalesePresidentastheheadoftheOrganizationofAfricanUnity,itwashighlylogicaltothinkthatthesuccessor,whoeverhemightbe,wouldhaveadifficulttaskindoingabetterjob.(在塞內(nèi)加爾總統(tǒng)非常積極和成功地?fù)?dān)任了非洲統(tǒng)一組織的首腦之后,認(rèn)為無(wú)論繼任者是誰(shuí),都將面臨一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù),要做得更好的想法是非常合乎邏輯的。),說(shuō)明““successor”在文中指的是“即將接任該組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職位的人”。因此C選項(xiàng)“將要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)該組織的人”正確。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)在政治上享有成功事業(yè)的人”,B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)在政治舞臺(tái)上非常受歡迎的人”,D選項(xiàng)“該組織的前負(fù)責(zé)人”均不符合題意,所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀(guān)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一句PresidentSassouNguesohasalreadyundertakenanumberoftripsabroad.(薩蘇?恩格索總統(tǒng)已經(jīng)多次出訪(fǎng)國(guó)外。),上一段提到TheCongolesepresidentsettoworkassoonashewaselected.(剛果總統(tǒng)一當(dāng)選就開(kāi)始工作。),說(shuō)明薩蘇?恩格索是剛果總統(tǒng)。因此A選項(xiàng)“剛果人”正確。B選項(xiàng)“知道他很難當(dāng)選”,C選項(xiàng)“在沒(méi)有任何反對(duì)意見(jiàn)的情況下當(dāng)選”,D選項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)在埃塞俄比亞首都舉行了一次會(huì)議”在文中均沒(méi)有提及,所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀(guān)細(xì)節(jié)題。B選項(xiàng)“薩蘇?恩格索總統(tǒng)向肯尼思?卡溫達(dá)總統(tǒng)提出了一個(gè)建議,即召開(kāi)一個(gè)靠近南非的國(guó)家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議”,由原文HisfirststepwastosuggesttothedeanofheadsofStatepresentintheEthiopiancapital,PresidentKennethKaundaofZambia,tosummonameetingoftheleadersofcountriesthatlieclosetoSouthAfrica.(他的第一步是向出席埃塞俄比亞首都會(huì)議的國(guó)家元首領(lǐng)袖、贊比亞總統(tǒng)肯尼斯?卡溫達(dá)建議召開(kāi)一次與南非毗鄰的國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議。)可知,B選項(xiàng)表述正確,排除B。C選項(xiàng)“薩蘇?恩格索總統(tǒng)去了哈拉雷并在那里發(fā)表了講話(huà)”,由原文HethuswenttoHarare(Zimbabwe)wherehedeliveredaspeech,onSeptember1,onbehalfofAfricabeforethesummitmeetingofnon-alignednations.(因此,他前往津巴布韋的哈拉雷,并于9月1日在不結(jié)盟國(guó)家首腦會(huì)議前代表非洲發(fā)表了講話(huà)。)可知,C選項(xiàng)表述正確,排除C。D選項(xiàng)“如果國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)南非實(shí)施制裁,比勒陀利亞的種族主義政權(quán)可能會(huì)對(duì)其鄰國(guó)進(jìn)行報(bào)復(fù)”,由原文Itsaim:todefineastrategyinordertoovercomethereprisalsthattheracistregimeofPretoriaislikelytotakeagainstitsneighborsincasesanctionsareimposedbytheinternationalcommunity.(其目的是確定一項(xiàng)戰(zhàn)略,以便在國(guó)際社會(huì)實(shí)施制裁時(shí),克服比勒陀利亞種族主義政權(quán)可能對(duì)其鄰國(guó)采取的報(bào)復(fù)。)可知,D選項(xiàng)表述正確,排除D。A選項(xiàng)“薩蘇?恩格斯總統(tǒng)已決定盡可能多地訪(fǎng)問(wèn)非洲國(guó)家”在文中沒(méi)有提及,所以本題選A。

4.客觀(guān)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段TheCongolesepresident’saim,inalltheseendeavors,istoconvincestillreluctantcountriesoftheimperiousnecessityofimposingsanctionsagainsttheracistregimeofPretoria.(這位剛果總統(tǒng)所有的努力是為了讓仍不情愿的國(guó)家相信,對(duì)種族主義的比勒陀利亞政權(quán)實(shí)施制裁是絕對(duì)必要的。),說(shuō)明薩蘇?恩格索總統(tǒng)一直非常努力工作的目的是說(shuō)服一些不情愿的國(guó)家,對(duì)比勒陀利亞的種族主義政權(quán)實(shí)施制裁是非常必要的。因此B選項(xiàng)“說(shuō)服一些不情愿的國(guó)家,對(duì)比勒陀利亞的種族主義政權(quán)實(shí)施制裁是非常必要的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“證明自己是一個(gè)值得信賴(lài)的總統(tǒng)”,C選項(xiàng)“向全世界展示非洲統(tǒng)一組織的實(shí)力和力量”,D選項(xiàng)“尋求一些先進(jìn)國(guó)家的財(cái)政支持以促進(jìn)非洲經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展”在文中均沒(méi)有提及,所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

5.推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文可知,本文語(yǔ)言平直通俗,筆調(diào)比較客觀(guān),符合新聞報(bào)道的文體。因此A選項(xiàng)“一篇報(bào)刊報(bào)道”正確。B選項(xiàng)“一本傳記”,C選項(xiàng)“一本歷史書(shū)”,D選項(xiàng)“一本名人錄”均不符合題意,所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

12.單選題

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hecrashedhistruck

B.Heinjuredhisspineinanearthquake

C.Hebrokehisarminacarcrash

D.Hesufferedanaccident

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ltiseasytobeabsorbed

B.ltcangrowveryfast

C.lthasahighrateoffusion

D.ltcanformthenewbone

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ltisanewlyinventedbiologicagent

B.ThebonecannotfusetogetherwithoutNanoFuse

C.TheboneandNanoFusecanfuseintonewbone

D.WiththehelpofNanoFuse,patientscanrecoververysoon

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】第1題:第一句即提到“seriouslyinjuredinatruckcrash”,說(shuō)明他遭遇了交通事故。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:文中說(shuō)到:OnceNanofuseisused,newbonesoonstartstoform(一旦使用納米融合,新骨很快就開(kāi)始形成),說(shuō)明它能使新骨頭形成,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:患者可以很快康復(fù)。文中說(shuō)到:Nanofusehasahighrateoffusion,sopatientsareabletogrowtheirownbonesinashortperiodoftime(Nanofuse具有很高的融合率,因此患者能夠在短時(shí)間內(nèi)生長(zhǎng)自己的骨頭),說(shuō)明這個(gè)技術(shù)可以使患者很快康復(fù),因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Asacompanyexecutivewhospenttenyearsinfederalservice,IamoftenaskedwhatIregardasthebiggestdifferencebetweenworkingforthegovernmentandworkingforaprivatecompany.Myinvariableresponseistosaythat1lookbackonmytimeingovernmentasoneofthemostexcitingandchallengingexperiencesofmylife.Furthermore,IneverworkedashardaswhenIwasapublicservant.

WhenIworkedforthegovernment;Iworkedwithsomeofthefinest,mostcompetentandmostcommittedpeopleIhaveevermet.Iwasimpressedbytheoverallqualityofourcareercivilservantsthen,andIstillam.ButoneofmygreatestconcernsnowisthatIwillnotbeabletoholdthissamehighopinioninthefuture.

Careerpublicservantsareleavinggovernmentinalarmingnumbers,andqualifiedreplacementsarebecomingharderandhardertofind.Goodpeoplewholeavecareergovernmentservicearestrivingforhighlypaidpositionsinprivateenterprises.

Wedependongovernmenttokeepthiscountrysafeinanuncertainworld,tosecurejusticeanddomesticorderandtosolveahostofpressingproblems.Weneedthebestpossiblepeopleperformingandoverseeingthesevitaltasks.Ahigh-qualityprofessionalfederalservicehasbeenasourceofnationalprideformorethanacentury.Butwhatwehavebuiltupduringahundredyearscanbelostinlesstimethanweimagine.Wecan’taffordtoletthishappen.Wemustactnowifthiscountryistobeassuredofthequalitypublicserviceitdeserves.

1.Careerpublicservantsareleavinggovernmentinalarmingnumbers.Oneofthereasonsmaybethat(

).

2.Accordingtotheauthor,soIwillnotbeabletoholdthissamehighopiniontowardthepublicservantsinthefuture.

3.Wedependongovernmenttokeepthiscountrysafeinanuncertainworld,therefore(

).

4.Ifweneglecttheseriousproblemandmakenoefforts,wewilllose(

).

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyreceivedlowerpay

B.theydeservednofameandglory

C.theyperformedpoorly

D.theyworkedharderthananyoneelse.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.IneverworkedashardaswhenIwasapublicservant

B.Ihavebecomeacompanyexecutive

C.therewillnotbesomanycompetentandqualifiedservantsinthegovernmentaswehadbefore

D.mytimeingovernmentwasnotthemostexcitingexperienceinmylife

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.weshouldmakegreatercontributionstothecountry

B.thebestpossiblepeopleareurgentlyneededtodoimportanttasks

C.weshouldshowdeepconcernaboutthenation’sfuture

D.weshouldbecomepublicservants

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.nationalpride

B.high-qualityprofessionalfederalservice

C.goodpeople

D.privateenterprise

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thosewhoworkforcompaniesarehighlypaid.

B.Moreandmorepublicservantshaveleftthegovernment.

C.Careerpublicservantsarequalified.

D.Manypeopleofhighqualitieswanttoworkinthegovernment.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。題干:離開(kāi)政府的職業(yè)公務(wù)員數(shù)量驚人。其中一個(gè)原因可能是……A選項(xiàng)“他們的工資低”;B選項(xiàng)“他們不配享有名譽(yù)和榮譽(yù)”;C選項(xiàng)“他們表現(xiàn)不佳”;D選項(xiàng)“他們比任何人都努力”。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段第二句話(huà)Goodpeoplewholeavecareergovernmentservicearestrivingforhighlypaidpositionsinprivateenterprises(離開(kāi)政府部門(mén)的優(yōu)秀人才正在爭(zhēng)取私營(yíng)企業(yè)的高薪職位),從這里可以推斷,公務(wù)員離職和工資是有關(guān)系的,所以答案選A。其他選項(xiàng)不符題意。

第2題:判斷推理題。題干:根據(jù)作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn),()所以我將來(lái)不會(huì)對(duì)公務(wù)員有同樣高的評(píng)價(jià)。A選項(xiàng)“我從來(lái)沒(méi)有像當(dāng)公務(wù)員時(shí)那樣努力工作”;B選項(xiàng)“我已經(jīng)成為一家公司的主管”;C選項(xiàng)“在政府將不會(huì)有像我們以前那么多的有能力和合格的服務(wù)員”;D選項(xiàng)“在政府工作并不是我一生中最激動(dòng)人心的經(jīng)歷”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第二句話(huà)Iwasimpressedbytheoverallqualityofourcareercivilservantsthen,andIstillam.(當(dāng)時(shí)的公務(wù)員整體素質(zhì)給我留下了深刻的印象,現(xiàn)在依然如此),由此可知文章中的“opinion”指的是公務(wù)員素質(zhì)很好;定位到第三段第一句Careerpublicservantsareleavinggovernmentinalarmingnumbers,andqualifiedreplacementsarebecomingharderandhardertofind.(離開(kāi)政府的職業(yè)公務(wù)員數(shù)量驚人,合格的接替者越來(lái)越難找到)從這里可知,作者會(huì)認(rèn)為自己將來(lái)不會(huì)有這種觀(guān)點(diǎn),因?yàn)楣珓?wù)員都離職了,新進(jìn)的人素質(zhì)沒(méi)有這么高,所以答案選C。

第3題:判斷推理題。題干:在這個(gè)不確定的世界里,我們依靠政府來(lái)保證國(guó)家的安全因此……A選項(xiàng)“我們應(yīng)該對(duì)國(guó)家作出更大的貢獻(xiàn)”;B選項(xiàng)“重要任務(wù)迫切需要盡可能優(yōu)秀的人才”;C選項(xiàng)“我們應(yīng)該對(duì)國(guó)家的前途表示深切的關(guān)心”;D選項(xiàng)“我們應(yīng)該成為公務(wù)員”。定位到第三段第一二句話(huà)Wedependongovernmenttokeepthiscountrysafeinanuncertainworld,tosecurejusticeanddomesticorderandtosolveahostofpressingproblems.Weneedthebestpossiblepeopleperformingandoverseeingthesevitaltasks.(在這個(gè)充滿(mǎn)不確定性的世界上,我們依靠政府來(lái)維護(hù)國(guó)家的安全,維護(hù)正義和國(guó)內(nèi)秩序,并解決一系列緊迫的問(wèn)題。我們需要盡可能優(yōu)秀的人來(lái)執(zhí)行和監(jiān)督這些重要的任務(wù)。)由此可推斷答案選B。A、D選項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及;文章最后一段最后一句話(huà)Wemustactnowifthiscountryistobeassuredofthequalitypublicserviceitdeserves.(如果這個(gè)國(guó)家想要得到它應(yīng)得的高質(zhì)量的公共服務(wù),我們必須現(xiàn)在就采取行動(dòng))從這里可知我們應(yīng)該行動(dòng)起來(lái)而不只是憂(yōu)慮,C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

第4題:判斷推理題。題干:如果我們忽視這個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題,不做任何努力,我們將會(huì)失去……。A選項(xiàng)“國(guó)家榮譽(yù)”;B選項(xiàng)“優(yōu)質(zhì)專(zhuān)業(yè)的聯(lián)邦服務(wù)”;C選項(xiàng)“好的人民”;D選項(xiàng)“私人公司”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段最后一句Goodpeoplewholeavecareergovernmentservicearestrivingforhighlypaidpositionsinprivateenterprises.

(離開(kāi)政府部門(mén)的優(yōu)秀人才正在爭(zhēng)取私營(yíng)企業(yè)的高薪職位。)從這里可知,問(wèn)題就在于人才的流失,定位到最后一段第二三句Weneedthebestpossiblepeopleperformingandoverseeingthesevitaltasks.Ahigh-qualityprofessionalfederalservicehasbeenasourceofnationalprideformorethanacentury.(我們需要盡可能優(yōu)秀的人來(lái)執(zhí)行和監(jiān)督這些重要的任務(wù)。一個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來(lái),高質(zhì)量的專(zhuān)業(yè)聯(lián)邦服務(wù)一直是國(guó)家的驕傲。)人才流失后就會(huì)導(dǎo)致事情沒(méi)人做,做不好,這些發(fā)生之后國(guó)家榮譽(yù)才會(huì)喪失,所以A錯(cuò)誤,答案選B。

第5題:判斷推理題。A選項(xiàng)“在私企工作的人薪水很高”;B選項(xiàng)“越來(lái)越多的公務(wù)員離開(kāi)了”;C選項(xiàng)“職業(yè)公務(wù)員是合格的”;D選項(xiàng)“許多素質(zhì)高的人都想在政府工作”。

第三段第一二句:Careerpublicservantsareleavinggovernmentinalarmingnumbers...Goodpeoplewholeavecareergovernmentservicearestrivingforhighlypaidpositionsinprivateenterprises(職業(yè)公務(wù)員正以驚人的數(shù)量離開(kāi)政府……離開(kāi)政府部門(mén)的優(yōu)秀人才正在爭(zhēng)取私營(yíng)企業(yè)的高薪職位)從這里可知很多人離開(kāi)政府部門(mén)去私企是因?yàn)楣べY高,所以A、B選項(xiàng)正確,D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,所以答案選D;根據(jù)第二段第一句WhenIworkedforthegovernment;Iworkedwithsomeofthefinest,mostcompetentandmostcommittedpeopleIhaveevermet(我在政府工作的時(shí)候;我和一些我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最優(yōu)秀、最有能力、最忠誠(chéng)的人一起工作)可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Mostpeoplecanrememberaphonenumberforuptothirtyseconds.Whenthisshortamountoftimepasses,however,thenumbersareerasedfromthememory.Howdidtheinformationgetthereinthefirstplace?Informationthatmakesitswaytotheshorttermmemory(STM)doessoviathesensorystoragearea.ThebrainhasafilterwhichonlyallowsstimulationthatisofimmediateinteresttopassontotheSTM,alsoknownastheworkingmemory.

Thereismuchdebateaboutthecapacityanddurationoftheshorttermmemory.ThemostacceptedtheorycomesfromGeorgeA.Miller,acognitivepsychologistwhosuggestedthathumanscanrememberapproximatelysevenchunksofinformation.Achunkisdefinedasameaningfulunitofinformation,suchasawordornameratherthanjustaletterornumber.Moderntheoristssuggestthatonecanincreasethecapacityoftheshorttermmemorybychunking,orclassifyingsimilarinformationtogether.Byorganizinginformation,onecanimprovetheSTM,andimprovethechancesofamemorybeingpassedontolongtermstorage.

Whenmakingaconsciousefforttomemorizesomething,suchasinformationforanexam,manypeopleengagein“roterehearsal”.Byrepeatingsomethingoverandoveragain,weareabletokeepamemoryalive.Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.Assoonasapersonstopsrehearsingtheinformation,ithasthetendencytodisappear.Whenapenandpaperarenothandy,youmightattempttorememberaphonenumberbyrepeatingitaloud.Ifthedoorbellringsorthedogbarkstocomeinbeforeyougettheopportunitytomakeyourphonecall,youwillforgetthenumberinstantly.Therefore,roterehearsalisnotanefficientwaytopassinformationfromtheshorttermtolongtermmemory.Abetterwayistopractice“elaboraterehearsal”.Thisinvolvesassigningsemanticmeaningtoapieceofinformationsothatitcanbefiledalongwithotherpre-existinglongtermmemories.

Encodinginformationsemanticallyalsomakesitmoreretrievable.Retrievinginformationcanbedonebyrecognitionorrecall.Humanscanrecallmemoriesthatarestoredinthelongtermmemoryandusedoften.However,ifamemoryseemstobeforgotten,itmayeventuallyberetrievedbyprompting.Themorecuesapersonisgiven(suchaspictures),themorelikelyamemorycanberetrieved.Thisiswhymultiplechoicetestsareoftenusedforsubjectsthatrequirealotofmemorization.

1.Accordingtothepassage,howdomemoriesgettransferredtotheSTM?

2.Howdotheoristsbelieveapersoncanremembermoreinformationinashorttime?

3.Whydoestheauthormentionadog’sbark?

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutretrievinginformation?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyrevertfromthelongtermmemory.

B.Theyarefilteredfromthesensorystoragearea.

C.Theygetchunkedwhentheyenterthebrain.

D.Theyenterviathenervoussystem.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Byorganizingit.

B.Byrepeatingit.

C.Bygivingitaname.

D.Bywritingitdownonpaper.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toexemplifypoormemory.

B.Toanalyzeatypeofinterruption.

C.Tocomparehumanmemorywithdogs’memory.

D.Toillustratethelackofefficiencyofroterehearsal.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Elaboraterehearsalcontributestoinformationretrieval.

B.Themostefficientwayofretrievinginformationistoassignsemanticmeaningtotheinformation.

C.It’simpossibletoretrieveforgotteninformationwithoutpictureprompts.

D.Encodinginformationismoreefficientthanchunkingit.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.One’smemorycapacitycanbeenhancedbyroterehearsal.

B.Puttinginformationtowritingissuggestedtoimprovememory.

C.Providingsufficientpromptshelpsinformationretrieval.

D.Multiplechoiceexamsarethemostdifficult.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干中的STM可以將答案定位到文章第一段第四句。本題問(wèn)記憶是如何進(jìn)入短時(shí)記憶中的。第一段第四句提到,“進(jìn)入短時(shí)記憶的信息是通過(guò)感覺(jué)儲(chǔ)存區(qū)域傳遞到那里的?!辈⒃谙挛慕忉屨f(shuō),“大腦有一個(gè)過(guò)濾機(jī)制,只允許當(dāng)下有用的刺激通過(guò),傳遞到短時(shí)記憶中?!庇纱丝梢?jiàn),選項(xiàng)B“它們從感覺(jué)儲(chǔ)存區(qū)域被過(guò)濾”是正確答案。其他三項(xiàng)文中均未提及。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)題。題干說(shuō)科學(xué)家認(rèn)為普通人如何在短時(shí)間內(nèi)記住更多的信息?通過(guò)題干我們可以定位到第二段,第二段的主旨就是講如何記住更多的信息,我們?cè)倏吹降诙蔚淖詈笠痪?,“Byorganizinginformation,onecanimprovetheSTM…”這里提示了我們答案為A,也就是重新組織我們需要記憶的東西可以幫助我們提升短時(shí)間的記憶容量。

第3題:作者意圖題。問(wèn)題是:作者寫(xiě)“狗叫”的目的是什么,前文我們可以看到,“Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.”,作者說(shuō)這種類(lèi)型的記憶一旦被打斷就會(huì)被忘掉,之后舉例給了一個(gè)情景來(lái)描述這個(gè)現(xiàn)象,他說(shuō)當(dāng)一個(gè)人在想通過(guò)重復(fù)讀來(lái)記下一個(gè)電話(huà)號(hào)碼時(shí),如果被門(mén)鈴或狗叫打斷,那么他就會(huì)忘記那個(gè)他一直通過(guò)重復(fù)朗讀而記下來(lái)的號(hào)碼;那么這里的“dogbark”就是一種打斷的方式,因此B正確。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞我們定位到最后一段,A項(xiàng)就是上文講的重點(diǎn),因此保留;B項(xiàng)不對(duì),這個(gè)方法確實(shí)是方法之一,但是文章并沒(méi)有說(shuō)它是最有效的;C項(xiàng)與原文正好相反;D項(xiàng)為無(wú)關(guān)項(xiàng),因此答案為A。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。問(wèn)選項(xiàng)正確與否,我們需要四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都看。A項(xiàng),死記硬背在第二段就被作者否定了,因?yàn)橐坏┍淮驍嗑蜔o(wú)法記住,因此A錯(cuò)誤;B項(xiàng)是無(wú)關(guān)項(xiàng),全文都沒(méi)有提過(guò)要寫(xiě)下來(lái)信息,因此B錯(cuò)誤;C項(xiàng)是正確的,最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句是提示點(diǎn);D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,文章只是說(shuō)多選題可以考查的信息比較多,但是并沒(méi)有說(shuō)它是最難的,沒(méi)有論據(jù)支持,錯(cuò)誤,答案為C。

15.單選題

NowthereisinAmericaacuriouscombinationofpride(

)toapositionwhereitisnolongernecessarytodependuponmanuallaborforalivinganddelightinwhatoneisabletoaccomplishwithhishand.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inhavingrisen

B.tohaverisen

C.havingrisen

D.inrising

【答案】A

【解析】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞辨析題。首先,pride與in搭配,表示“以……為自豪”,而介詞in之后應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的ing形式,且這里強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的分詞形式,A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

IntheUnitedStates,olderpeoplerarelylivewiththeiradultchildren.Butinmanyothercultureschildrenareexpectedtocare(1)theiragedparents.InsomepartsofItaly,thepercentageofadultchildrenwho(2)withtheirparents(3)65to70percent.InThailand,too,childrenareexpectedtocarefortheirelderlyparents;fewThaielderlylive(4).

Whatexplainsthesedifferencesinlivingarrangements(5)cultures?Modernizationtheory(6)theextendedfamilyhouseholdtolowlevelsofeconomicdevelopment.Intraditionalsocieties,theelderlylivewiththeirchildreninlargeextendedfamilyunitsforeconomicreasons.Butwithmodernization,childrenmovetourbanareas,leavingoldpeople(7)in(8)ruralareas.YetmodernizationtheorycannotexplainwhyextendedfamilyhouseholdswerenevercommonintheUnitedStatesorEngland,orwhyfamiliesinItaly,whichisfullymodernized,(9)astrongtraditionofintergenerationalliving.Clearly,economicdevelopmentalonecannotexplain(10)livingarrangements.

Anothertheoryassociatedintergenerationallivingarrangementswithinheritancepatterns.Insomecultures,thestemfamilypatternofinheritance(11).(12)thissystem,parentslivewithamarriedchild,usuallytheoldestson,whothen(13)theirpropertywhentheydie.ThestemfamilysystemwasoncecommoninJapan,butchangesininheritancelaws,(14)broadersocialchangesbrought(15)byindustrializationandurbanization,have(16)the(17).In1960about80percentofJapaneseover65livedwiththeirchildren;by1990only60percentdid~afigurethatisstillhigh(18)U.S.standards,butwhichhasbeen(19)steadily.InKorea,too,traditionallivingarrangementsare(20):thepercentageofagedKoreanswholivewithasondeclinedfrom77percentin1984to50percentjust10yearslater.AlthoughmostelderlyKoreansstillexpecttolivewithason,theiradultchildrendonotexpecttolivewiththeirchildrenwhentheygrowold.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.about

B.after

C.for

D.over

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.reside

B.recite

C.redeem

D.rebel

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.amasses

B.amounts

C.attains

D.reaches

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.lone

B.alone

C.lonesome

D.lonely

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.over

B.across

C.within

D.above

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.associated

B.linked

C.united

D.combined

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.aside

B.after

C.over

D.behind

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.isolated

B.segregated

C.idealized

D.secluded

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.maintain

B.promote

C.reserve

D.support

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.appointed

B.assigned

C.preserved

D.preferred

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.controls

B.overtakes

C.predominates

D.overwhelms

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.under

C.by

D.over

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.delivers

B.conveys

C.conceives

D.inherits

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.aswellas

B.mightaswell

C.aswell

D.wellas

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.off

B.up

C.around

D.about

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.undermined

B.decreased

C.diminished

D.defeated

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.authority

B.usage

C.habit

D.tradition

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.on

C.with

D.in

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.inclining

B.reclining

C.declining

D.reducing

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.receding

B.removing

C.invading

D.eroding

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:A

第15題:D

第16題:A

第17題:D

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:D

【解析】1.固定搭配。Careabout擔(dān)心,關(guān)心;carefor照顧;沒(méi)有careafter和careover這樣的搭配。

2.動(dòng)詞辨析。Reside居住在,定居于;recite背誦,敘述;redeem贖回,挽回;rebel反叛,反抗。此處表示“與…住在一起”,故選A。

3.動(dòng)詞辨析。amass積聚,積累;amount總計(jì),合計(jì);相當(dāng)于,共計(jì),amountto相當(dāng)于,總共達(dá)到;attain(通過(guò)努力)獲得,達(dá)到(目的);reach達(dá)到,影響,抵達(dá),伸出;由空格后“65to70percent(65%至70%)”可知D符合句意。

4.形容詞辨析。lone(adj.)單身的,獨(dú)自的,寂寞的;alone(adj.)獨(dú)自的,單獨(dú)的,孤獨(dú)的;(adv.)獨(dú)自地,單獨(dú)地;lonesome寂寞的,人跡稀少的;lonely寂寞的,偏僻的??崭袂盀閯?dòng)詞live(生活),因此空格處應(yīng)為副詞。故選B。

5.固定搭配。acrossculture跨文化的。其余選項(xiàng)為:over越過(guò),在…之上;within在…之內(nèi);above超過(guò),在…上面。

6.短語(yǔ)辨析。associate聯(lián)想,使聯(lián)合,使發(fā)生聯(lián)系,常與介詞with搭配,associatewith聯(lián)合;與……聯(lián)系在一起,和……來(lái)往;link連接起來(lái),將人或物連接或聯(lián)系起來(lái),常與介詞to搭配,linkto鏈接到,把……和……聯(lián)系起來(lái);unite使……混合,使……聯(lián)合,使團(tuán)結(jié),常與with搭配。unitewith聯(lián)合,混合;combine使化合,使聯(lián)合,使結(jié)合,常與with搭配,combinewith與……結(jié)合。題目中空格處與后面介詞to搭配,因此選B。

7.短語(yǔ)辨析。由空格前句意“但是由于現(xiàn)代化,子女搬到城市地區(qū)”可知這里表示“從而將老年人留在了農(nóng)村”。Leavebehind留下。其余選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成的搭配為:leaveaside擱置,不考慮;leaveafter無(wú)此搭配;leaveover推遲,延期。

8.形容詞辨析。isolated孤立的,分離的,單獨(dú)的;segregated被隔離的(常用于種族隔離);idealized理想化的;secluded隱蔽的,隱退的,隱居的。此處句意為:但是由于現(xiàn)代化,子女搬到城市地區(qū),將老人留在了孤立的農(nóng)村。因此A符合句意。、

9.動(dòng)詞辨析。maintain維持,維修,主張;promote促進(jìn),推銷(xiāo),發(fā)揚(yáng);reserve儲(chǔ)備,保留,預(yù)約;support支持,支撐,贍養(yǎng)。此處句意為:或者為什么徹底現(xiàn)代化的意大利家庭仍然保持著一種強(qiáng)烈的代際生活傳統(tǒng)。因此A符合句意。

10.形容詞辨析。appointed約定的,指定的;assigned指定的,已分配的;preserved得到保存的,腌制的;preferred更可取的,更喜歡的。此空前一句句意為:或者為什么徹底現(xiàn)代化的意大利家庭仍然保持著一種強(qiáng)烈的代際生活傳統(tǒng)。因此此處表示“顯然,單靠經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不能解釋更喜歡的生活安排”。故D符合句意。

11.動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均是對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的三單形式。control控制,管理;overtake趕上,突然來(lái)襲;predominate占支配地位,主宰;overwhelm淹沒(méi),壓倒,受打擊。根據(jù)后面句子中的“ThestemfamilysystemwasoncecommoninJapan(這種繼承式的家庭體系曾經(jīng)在日本是普遍的)”可知C符合句意。

12.固定搭配。underthissystem在這個(gè)體系下。

13.動(dòng)詞辨析。這里表示“繼承遺產(chǎn)”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的三單形式。Deliver交付,發(fā)表,遞送;convey傳達(dá),運(yùn)輸;conceive構(gòu)思,以為;inherit繼承。故選D。

14.固定搭配。由全格前“changesininheritancelaws繼承法的

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