醬獨(dú)家地道表達(dá)法

地道表達(dá)法（1期書，為什么不能設(shè)置更高的學(xué)習(xí)量呢？我年底就要考試了，但是單詞書的完成時(shí)間是11月份，難道我到考試之前都還要背新單詞嗎？無(wú)法接觸到地道、準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá)方式，不僅僅是單詞，的是短語(yǔ)和句子。學(xué)習(xí)地道表卻是對(duì)能力的一個(gè)很大的考驗(yàn)。It'snaturaltofeeloutofplaceinthebeginningwhenyoujoinanewfeeloutofplace:notcomfortableorsuitableforaparticular在表達(dá)不適應(yīng)某種環(huán)境時(shí)，比較容易想到的是donotadaptoneselfwellto，這是從小到ofplace，表示感到不自在、不自然、拘束或?qū)擂?。Eitherwaytheretailfutureoftheareaappearstobeupinthebeupintheair:ifamatterisupintheair,nodecisionhasbeenmade,oftenbecauseothermattershavetobedecided.到beupintheair，前后兩種表達(dá)法的差別就好比“不確定”和“懸而未決”之間的區(qū)別。Ispentsixmonthsgoingdailytothehospitalandsometimestwicedailyanditcostmeacostsomeoneafortune:costalotofmoney,beveryexpensive,costly，需要注意的是，有很多東西很昂貴，會(huì)花BegoodTheymusthaveexcellentcommunicationskills,beadeptatbuildingrelationshipsandenjoyworkingaspartofateam.beadeptat:Someonewhoisadeptatsomethingcantbegoodatgoodsomeonedoeswellinsomethinggoodadeptapt，瞬間就不再是小學(xué)生水ComeHowever,theplanisstillinitsinitialstagesandthereisnoguaranteethatitwillcometocometofruition:tooccurorturnoutasedor有很多單詞可以用，例如fulfill, tofruition，也會(huì)地道很多。地道表達(dá)法（2期Wewillseeanupwardtrendineconomicgrowthfrom seeanupwardtrend:beincreasingseeanupwardtrend，這里的see，替換成witness也是可以的。Thelandandpropertypricerocketedtoarecordrocketto:表示飆升，很多人可能就加上rapidly,quickly，或者veryfast，這樣表達(dá)確實(shí)可以表示快速Ifthingssuchaspricesorsocialproblemsrocket,theyincreaseveryquicklyandsuddenly.Theaveragethirty-yearfixed-ratemortgagesoaredfrom3.93%lastweekto4.46thisweek.本周30年期固定抵押利率從上周的3.93％飆升至4.46％。soarto:to也就是“飛速上升至……”的意思。Iftheamount,value,level,orvolumeofsomethingsoars,itquicklyincreasesbyagreatdeal.Thefiguresshowedthattheunemploymentratepeakedat10.6%lastyear.peakat:Peak一詞是指山峰、，與rocketto一樣很好理解，也很形象。常聽到的“峰值”，也是用peakpeakvalue。Whensomethingpeaks,itreachesitshighestvalueoritshighestlevel.Thewaterlevelsareexpectedtoreachthehighestpointinreachthehighestpoint:最高。如果僅僅只是要表達(dá)“達(dá)到最高點(diǎn)”，可以使用reachthehighestpoint，這是一個(gè)完全可以從字面來理解的詞組，但表達(dá)上好過bethehighest一類簡(jiǎn)單的表述。地道表達(dá)法（3期Thepricesoffoodwitnessedadownwardwitnessadownwardtrend:see/witnessanupwardtrend，upward是指向上的，那么換成向下的，不就可以表達(dá)對(duì)立的關(guān)系，就不能簡(jiǎn)單表達(dá)為“下降”，否則會(huì)遺漏信息。Incontrast,thecostoffurnitureandequipmentsawanoppositeseeanoppositetrend:這句話來自劍八，文中所需表達(dá)的不僅是下降，還存在一定的對(duì)比，所以不能只表述相反的，也就是opposite，改成see/witnessanoppositetrend就可以啦。接下來再來看幾個(gè)新的表達(dá)法。Theinterestratedroppedswiftlyto3.1%。利率迅速下降到3.1%。dropswiftlyto:快速下降至decease“AswifteventorprocesshappensveryquicklyorwithoutAsteepincreaseordecreaseinsomethingisaverybigincreaseordecrease.Europeancarsalesplummettotwenty-yearlow.plummetto:驟降至plummet有鉛錘和掛碼的含義，用作動(dòng)詞表驟然下跌，plummetto也就是“驟降至”，想鉛錘落體的樣子，這個(gè)詞組還是非常形象的。Ifanamount,rate,orpriceplummets,itdecreasesquicklybyalargeamount.Asiaoilpricesmaybottomoutonreducedbottomout:降至最低點(diǎn)，停止表達(dá)某一趨勢(shì)降至最低點(diǎn)，可以用前面學(xué)到的兩個(gè)詞組，dropswiftlyto/plummettothebottomout:Ifatrendsuchasafallinpricesbottomsout,itstopsgettingworseordecreasing,andremainsataparticularleveloramount.地道表達(dá)法（4期Thuswecanseethatthenewhospitalisonlymarginallymoreefficientthantheoldbeonlymarginallymorethan…:與……相比僅是略微更morethanonlyOnlyisusedtoemphasizehowsmallanamountisorhowshortalengthoftimeMarginallymeanstoonlyasmallonly表示“僅僅”，強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量小或時(shí)間短；marginally表示略微。一個(gè)表示少的詞不夠，要兩marginallymore...than.Thebirthrateisonlyfractionallyhigherthanthatinthelastbeonlyfractionallymorethan:與……相比僅是略微更Ifsomethingisfractionalitisverysmallinsizeordegreefractionally也就是略微地。和上一個(gè)詞組一樣，only和fractionally疊加表強(qiáng)調(diào)，這個(gè)詞組同樣是略微多一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的意思。Thisnewtrendisinstarkcontrastwiththetrenditexperiencedinthelatetwentiethbeinstarkcontrastwith:與……greatdifferencein…comparedwith/to表示的是“比較”的意思，是在同類事物中比好壞、“鮮明的”，可以用到stark，instarkcontrast或contraststarkly都能表達(dá)“與……形成鮮明對(duì)比”的意思。除了stark，還可以用到insharp/clearcontrastwith。Iftwothingsareinstarkcontrasttooneanother,theyareverydifferentfromeachotherinawaythatisveryobvious.TheinterestrateinUKisconsiderablyhigherthanthatinbeconsiderablymorethan:遠(yuǎn)比……更加morethan也就是“遠(yuǎn)比……更加……”的意思。Basically,Billwouldtaxfossilfuelsinproportiontotheamountofcarbontheyinproportionto:與……成比例，與……時(shí)上升或下降，也會(huì)漏讀信息。這時(shí)可以用到inproportionto，也就是“與……成比例”Ifonethingincreasesordecreasesinproportiontoanotherthing,itincreasesordecreasestothesamedegreeasthatthing.Wehavesenatorswhoseintegrityisininverseproportiontotheirexpenseininverseproportionto:下，用inverse表示相反的，ininverseproportionto也就是成反比的意思了。Ifthereisaninverserelationshipbetweentwothings,oneofthem eslargerastheotheressmaller.地道表達(dá)法（5期面幾期的地道表達(dá)法講解中，學(xué)習(xí)了圖表寫作里關(guān)于“上升”和“下降”的一些短語(yǔ)。是什么，這些短語(yǔ)用在哪里才更合適，都需要自己多加辨別。Byoflastlastyear,thisimprovementhadreachedareachaplateau:Ifyousaythatanactivityorprocesshasreachedaplateau,youmeanthatithasreachedastagewherethereisnofurtherchangeordevelopment.hit也可以表示達(dá)到。hitaplateau:toreachahigherlevelofactivity,sales,production,output,etc.,andthenstopandremainunchangedforatime.Ifsomethingsuchasanactivity,process,orcostplateausorplateausout,itreachesastagewherethereisnofurtherchangeordevelopment.Theprogramwill etwentystudentsinitsyearwithplanstoleveloutatfortythefollowingyear.levelout/off:Ifachangingnumberoramountlevelsofforlevelsout,itstopsincreasingordecreasingatsuchafastspeed.level用作動(dòng)詞表示使變水平、平坦，levelout/off表示“趨向平緩、趨于穩(wěn)定”。需要注意的是，前面說到的reachaplateaulevelout/off指的是數(shù)字或數(shù)量，并Wecannothavelowtaxincreasesandmaintainthesamelevelofofficersinthemaintainthesamelevel:Ifyoumaintainsomethingataparticularrateorlevel,youkeepitatthatrateorlevel.料，使物體保持良好的狀態(tài)，而keep指通過控制使某種狀態(tài)維持下去或某事物維持原Histotalworkingtimeperweekfluctuatedbetween35hoursand45fluctuatebetween:tomovebetweenonethingandanother;tochangefromonethingtoandB也就是在A和B之間上下波動(dòng)的意思。Goldpriceswouldlikelyfluctuatearoundcurrentlevelsbutcouldriselaterthisaroundfluctuatebetween是指在某一范圍內(nèi)波動(dòng)，fluctuatearound表地道表達(dá)法（6期Generallymykidswanttodothisoftheirownaccordwithoutanynaggingfromofsomeone'sownaccord:ifyoudosomethingofyourownaccord, twithoutbeingaskedto說到主動(dòng)做某事，比較容易想到active。dosomethingactively,playanactiverolein something,etc.其實(shí)也可以用ofsomeone'sownaccord，表示自愿去做、主動(dòng)去做。Whetherwekeepourwordwillplayahugepartinwhoweareinthefuture.keepsomeone'sword:Whenyoukeepsomethingsuchasapromiseoranappointment,youdowhatyousaidyouwoulddo.守諾言”wordpromise，Ifyougiveyourword,youmakeasincerepromisetoDoyouthinkitispossibletobefriendswithsomeoneifyounevermeettheminmeetsomeone :與見in:[ofsomeone]actuallyphysicallypresentinaplaceratherthanappearinginafilm,onaevisionorcomputerscreen,onaephone,orthrougharadiobroadcast. 指的是“親自”，meetsomeone ThiswasgreatformeasItravelalot,meetingpeoplefromallwalksoflife,andI'veneverhadanytroublegettingalongwiththem.peoplefromallwalksoflife:Thewalkoflifethatyoucomefromisthepositionthatyouhaveinsocietyandthekindofjobyouhave.在進(jìn)行表述的時(shí)候，會(huì)說allkindsof,differenttypesof，尚能達(dá)意，但不精準(zhǔn)。如果要peoplefromallwalksoflife，表示來自各行各Thingscouldchangeovernight;youcouldgofromragstorichesorrichestoragsgofromragstoriches:Ragsareoldtornclothes.Richesarevaluablepossessionsorlargeamountsof指大筆的，擁有大筆的當(dāng)然就是非常富有了。gofromragstoriches即指從赤貧到富有，而gorichestorags則指從富有到赤貧。gofromragstoriches:tostartyourlifeverypoorandthenlaterinlife everyrichMostovernightsuccessesactuallytakeyears.anovernightsuccess:成名的人或事Youcansaythatsomethinghappensovernightwhenithappensveryquicklyandunexpectedly.overnight從字面上理解是過了，之間就發(fā)生了變化，也就是指“突然的，快速的”。anovernightsuccess也就是指成名。anovernightsuccess:something essuccessfulvery地道表達(dá)法（7期Greatemployeesshowinitiativeratherthanjustsitbackandhopesomeoneelsewillsolvetheissueforthemorgivethemastepup. einvolvedinit.solvetheissuesolvetheproblem含義相同，均為“解決問題”for表現(xiàn)的是員工的態(tài)度。小編曾讀到過一句話：Youarenotworking"with"me;youwork"for"me.前半句指givesomeoneastepup，字面上理解是讓上一個(gè)臺(tái)階，引申出來也就是“給幫忙”。Oftentheyhadtodisplaygreatcouragetopreservetheirintegrityortomaketheirwaytotheintegrity有正直、誠(chéng)實(shí)、完善的意思，preservesomeone'sintegrity，保持的正直，引申makesomeone'sway指前進(jìn)、成功，這里的成功尤指能夠自食其力，獨(dú)立謀生。makesomeone'swaytothetop也就是登頂。這句話來自劍八，照顧上下文，整句翻譯過來應(yīng)ThebandhasperformedinYorkbeforeandhasalargelocalAororganizationthathasafollowinghasagroupofpeoplewhosupportoradmiretheirbeliefsoractions.追隨者、者。Howwelldoyouknowthepeoplewholivenextdoortopeoplewholivenextdoortoyou這個(gè)短語(yǔ)很好理解了，從字面上來看就知道是鄰居，此外，Icontinuetobeconcernedabouttheothershemay形容詞；也可用concernabout，這里concern是動(dòng)詞；而someone's/thereisconcernabout/for/over也指擔(dān)憂，但concern用作名詞。此外，beconcernedwith，指的是“與……有關(guān)，涉及”。concernoneselfabout/withsomething指“對(duì)……感，關(guān)心，關(guān)注”，beconcernedtodosomething指“認(rèn)為做某事很重要”。Wewerewillingtohelppaydowntheircreditcards,butsoonrealizedwewereonlysupplementingtheirextravagantlifestyles.Ifyoupaydownadebt,orpaydownpartofadebt,yougivesomeonepartoforallofthemoneythatyouowethem.paydown意指償還，extravagantlifestyle指奢侈的生活方式。Wewerewillingtohelppaysomething，幫助做某事，其中to省略了。地道表達(dá)法（8期很多歡樂的吐槽，大家都是痛并著。看看除了高亮的詞組，還可以學(xué)點(diǎn)啥。Manisasocialcreaturewhoselifefindsmeaninginhisrelationtootherhumansocialcreature指“有社會(huì)屬性的動(dòng)物”，creature一詞指“生物、動(dòng)物”，socialcreature其實(shí)就socialanimal。學(xué)過新概念四的貝友們應(yīng)該記得第二課，Sparethatspider，其中講到蜘蛛每年會(huì)消滅很多昆蟲，然后寫了一句：buttheyarehungrycreatures,notcontentwithonlythreemealsaday.”creature一詞，表示了自己對(duì)蜘蛛的喜愛。原句中使用socialcreature而不是socialanimal，也是表達(dá)了作者的一種偏好。Socialanimalsarethoseanimalswhichinteracthighlywithotheranimals,usuallyoftheirownspecies(conspecifics),tothepointofhavingarecognizableanddistinctsociety.句中有一個(gè)亮點(diǎn)，lifefindsmeaningin...，直譯過來，是生命在……中找到意義。實(shí)際上生命It'snormalforkidstorefusetospeaktheirhomelanguageatthestagewhentheystartsocialisewithotherIfyousocialize,youmeetotherpeoplesocially,forexampleatparties.Socializewithsomeonemeanstomeetandspendtimewithpeopleinafriendlyway,inordertoenjoyyourself.Socialisewithsomeone也就是“參加社交活動(dòng)”的意思，需要注意的是，-se常見于美式英語(yǔ)，-ze常見Homelanguagereferstothelanguage(orthevarietyofalanguage)thatismostcommonlyspokenbythemembersofafamilyforeverydayinteractionsathome.也就是說，homelanguage是指土語(yǔ)，或在家中所用的語(yǔ)言。舉個(gè)例子，如果一個(gè)中國(guó)家庭可以看到另一個(gè)詞，heritagelanguage。這個(gè)詞最早于，用于指除了英語(yǔ)和Theterm“heritagelanguage”referstoalanguagethatwasacquired,butwasnotcompleylearnedbecausethechildswitchedtoanotherlanguagethatwasdominantinthecommunityandintheeducationalsystem.HeritagelanguagespeakersarethosewhosehomeorancestrallanguageisalanguageotherthanEnglish,includingNativeAmericans,immigrants,andthosebornintheU.S.whosefamilyspeaksalanguageotherthanEnglish.地道表達(dá)法（9期句看上去不大一樣，在翻譯中又可以注意一點(diǎn)什么。Hisprojectmanagerwasverysupportiveofsupportive的意思是“支持的，擁護(hù)的”，besupportiveofsomeone:意指“非常支持、配合Ifyouaresupportive,youarekindandhelpfultosomeoneatadifficultorunhappytimeintheirInfact,BurkssaidhehasdonesomuchresearchontheRobertsonfamily,hefeelslikeakindredAkindredspiritis whohasthesameviewoflifeorthesameinterestsasIdon'tthinkI'monthesamewavelengthasmywavelength”“有相同的波長(zhǎng)”，引申過來就是指iftwopeopleareonthesamewavelength,itiseasyforthemtounderstandandagreewitheach與這個(gè)詞組類似的說法，還有beonthesamepage,你也可以說“所見略同”，"Greatmindsthinkalike!"suppose,imagineHillisridiculouslyandover-the-topfriendly,butquicktostabsomeoneinthebackwhentheyaren'taround.ridiculously的意思是指某事非常不合理，或者令人很驚奇。ridiculouslyfriendy是指某Ifyousaythatsomethingorsomeoneisridiculous,youmeanthattheyareveryfoolish.Youridiculouslytoemphasizethefactthatyouthinksomethingisunreasonableorverystabsomeoneintheback從字面上來看，就是在背后捅了一下，這個(gè)人往往是朋友或無(wú)防衛(wèi)的人，引申過來可以說暗箭傷人、背后中傷、背信棄義等等。從翻譯來說，ridiculouslyfriendlyover-the-topfriendly一個(gè)是“好得出奇”，一個(gè)是“好得過分”，譯入中文可以將兩個(gè)意思合并起來，成“友好得令人出奇”。quick一詞意思是快速的，而在原句中所想強(qiáng)調(diào)的并不是翻臉?biāo)俣戎?，而是輕易就會(huì)改度。地道表達(dá)法（10期AreyoumoreconcernedaboutyourownjobsecuritytodaythanyouwereayearJobsecurityistheprobabilitythatanindividualwillkeephisorherjob;ajobwithahighlevelofjobsecurityissuchthatawiththejobwouldhaveasmallchanceof Themajorityoftheworkershavebeenentitledtopaidentitle有“給……權(quán)利，使有……權(quán)利”的意思，beentitledtosomething即指“享有某種權(quán)利”，也可以不用語(yǔ)態(tài)，寫作somethingentitlessomebodytodosomething，而如果是somethingisentitledsomethingelse，則指“命名”。Ifyouareentitledtosomething,youhavetherighttohaveitorpaid作形容詞，指“有酬勞的”，apaidworkpaidholiday指帶薪休假。Ifyouaregivenpaidholiday,yougetyourwagesorsalaryeventhoughyouarenotatwork.TherearesomedifferencesinlevelsofjobJobsatisfactionisthepleasurethatyougetfromngyourjob.Winningtheawardcomeswithasenseoffulfillmentforbothherselfandher“天賦、悟性、資質(zhì)”。翻譯過來都是“……的感覺”，但sense的含義有著細(xì)微的區(qū)別。Ifyouhaveasenseofguiltorrelief,forexample,youfeelguiltyorIfyouhaveasenseofsomethingsuchasdutyorjustice,youareawareofitandbelieveitisSomeonewhohasasenseoftimingorstylehasanaturalabilitywithregardtotimingorstyle.Youcsosaythatsomeonehasabadsenseoftimingorstyle.AnewspaperysisshowsthatOhiomaybestartingtoturnaroundits“brainbraindrain一詞非常形象，drain一詞指“下水道”、“流走、排干”，而brain一詞是以的一部分代替整體，braindrain即指“人才流失”。turnaround指“轉(zhuǎn)身、好轉(zhuǎn)”。Whenpeopletalkaboutabraindrain,theyarereferringtothemovementofalargenumberofscientistsoracademicsawayfromtheirowncountrytoothercountrieswheretheconditionsandsalariesarebetter.Ifsomethingsuchasabusinessoreconomyturnsaround,orifsomeoneturnsitaround,itessuccessful,afterbeingunsuccessfulforaperiodoftime.Shemaybesaddledwithanexcessiveworkloadorashiftthatdisruptsherfamilyhastoomuchworktodoexcessiveworkload則會(huì)地道很多。saddle一詞原指馬鞍，作動(dòng)詞也有“使負(fù)擔(dān)”的意思，saddlewith指“給……加上負(fù)擔(dān)”。Theworkloadofa ororganizationistheamountofworkthathastobedonebythem.Ifagroupoffactoryworkers,nurses,orotherpeopleworkshifts,theyworkforasetperiodbeforebeingreplacedbyanothergroup,sothatthereisalwaysagroupworking.Eachofthesesetperiodsiscalledashift.Youcsouseshifttorefertoagroupofworkerswhoworktogetheronaparticularshift.地道表達(dá)法（11期Ifwethoughtfarmingwasonesectorthatwasalwaysgoingtobelabourintensive,itturnsoutwewerewrong. turnout指“最后是，結(jié)果是“itturnsout(that)wewerewrongIfsomethingturnsoutaparticularway,ithappensinthatwayorhastheresultordegreeofsuccessindicated.Involvementwithavarietyofleisureactivitiescanhelpindividualswithseriousmentalillnessesleadmoreactiveandhealthierlives.leisureactivities指的是休閑放松的活動(dòng)。“參與”takepartin,participatein,haveahandin等。需要注意的是，英文中表述動(dòng)作的含義常借助于動(dòng)詞以外的此類表達(dá)，而漢語(yǔ)多用動(dòng)詞，所以原句中使用了involvementwith。YourinvolvementinsomethingisthefactthatyouaretakingpartinYoucanuseleadwhenyouaresayingwhatkindoflifesomeonehas.Forexample,ifyouleadabusylife,yourlifeisbusy.Theycreatedacalendartoorganisepubliceventsandworkschedule一詞原本就有“工作計(jì)劃、日程安排”workschedule即指工作上的日程在翻譯上可以注意到一點(diǎn)，原句中表述的是"createdacalendar"new這樣的形Aworkscheduleisthetimeframethatanemployeeworksduringacertaincourseoftime.Schedulescanfluctuate,rotateorremainconstantthroughoutthecourseofayear.Sixyearsonsuchademandingjobisenoughtotakeitstollonanyhardworking格的工作”。如果用demanding形容一個(gè)人，則指這個(gè)人難伺候、挑剔、苛刻。Ademandingjobortaskrequiresalotofyourtime,energy,orattention.Peoplewhoaredemandingarenoteasilysatisfiedorpleased.Ifyousaythatsomethingtakesitstollortakesaheavytoll,youmeanthatithasabadeffectorcausesalotofsuffering.Somethingthatcoacheslookforineverybasketballplayeriswork”worAnethicofaparticularkindisanideaormoralbeliefthatinfluencesthebehaviour,attitudes,andphilosophyofagroupofpeople.IfIdidn'thaveaflexiblearrangementatthisstageinmylife,Iwouldprobablyhavedroppedoutoftheworkforcealready.Somethingorsomeonethatisflexibleisabletochangeeasilyanpttodifferentconditionsandcircumstancesastheyoccur.勞動(dòng)人口”dropoutoftheworkforce，直譯出來是“退出勞動(dòng)人口”，也就是指失業(yè)。表述“失業(yè)”的時(shí)候，還可以用到beunemployed,beoutofwork,losesomeone'sjob等。Ifsomeonedropsoutofcollegeorarace,forexample,theyleaveitwithoutfinishingwhattheyTheworkforceisthetotalnumberofpeopleinacountryorregionwhoarephysicallyabletodoajobandareavailableforwork.地道表達(dá)法（12期Hefoundngtheroutineworkroutinework是日常的慣例工作，可以指某項(xiàng)工作的一個(gè)正常組成部分，也可以指工作千篇Ifwewanttoensureafairandfunctioningjudiciary,ourcourtscannotbeshort-公正有效”ensurethatjudiciaryisfairandfunctioning，但未免冗長(zhǎng)，原Acompanyorplacethatisshort-staffeddoesnothaveenoughpeopleworkingthere.Inthecourseofyourworkyoumayhaveaccesstoinformationrelatingtothecompany'sinthecourseofsomething指“在……的過程中”，而需注意的是，inthecourseoftime是指“總Ifsomethinghappensinthecourseofaparticularperiodoftime,ithappensduringthatperiodoftime.Ifsomethingchangesor estrueinthecourseoftime,itchangesor estrueoveralongperiodoftime.haveaccessto的含義會(huì)根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)而有所改變。后接建筑物，指“有進(jìn)入某地的權(quán)利；通道，Ifyouhaveaccesstoabuildingorotherplace,youareableorallowedtogointoIfyouhaveaccesstosomethingsuchasinformationorequipment,youhavetheopportunityorrighttoseeitoruseit.Ifyouhaveaccesstoa,youhavetheopportunityorrighttoseethemormeetThiscancausefrictionbetweenandwithinIfthereisfrictionbetweenpeople,thereisdisagreementandargumentbetweenssarisewhenpeople'sbeliefs即現(xiàn)Ifasituationorproblemarises,itbeginstoexistorpeoplestart eawareofclash指“意見不合，信仰或觀點(diǎn)相互”，而crash指“撞壞、”，可注意不要看錯(cuò)啦Butdespitemanywarnings,therewasnoimprovementinthepaceofimprovementinsomethingsomethingisanimprovementonsomethingIfthereisanimprovementinsomething,it esbetter.Ifyoumakeimprovementstosomething,youmakeitbetter.Ifyousaythatsomethingisanimprovementonapreviousthingorsituation,youmeanthatitisbetterthanthatthing.Thepaceofsomethingisthespeedatwhichithappensoris地道表達(dá)法（13期Theprofessionalhealthcareworkeronthesurgicalteammaycomeacrossvariousoccupationalhazardswhileintheoperatingroom.和nurse顯然就不夠了，可以看到healthcareworker，醫(yī)護(hù)。occupationalhazard，指“從事某種職業(yè)可能帶來的危害，職業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)“，是在執(zhí)業(yè)過程Anoccupationalhazardissomethingunpleasantthatpeopleoftensufferorexperienceasaresultof ngaparticularjoborhobby.ThedefinitionofoccupationaldiseasehasbeenexpandedtoincludementalAnoccupationaldiseaseisanychronicailmentthatoccursasaresultofworkoroccupationalactivity.Itisanaspectofoccupationalsafetyandhealth.Throughexcellenceinservice,wecanbeinchargeofourbeinchargeofsomething指負(fù)責(zé)某項(xiàng)工作，through有“憑借”之意。英語(yǔ)多用名詞，所以原句中使用了excellence而不是beingexcellent。Ifyouareinchargeinaparticularsituation,youarethemos andhavecontroloversomethingorsomeone.YouusethroughwhenstatingthemeansbywhichaparticularthingisManualworkwillbeminimized.Hence,thepossibilityofhumanerroris難免會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些問題，或有人為的誤差，也就是humanerror。Manuallabour(manuallaborinAmericanEnglish)ormanualworkisphysicalworkdonebypeople,mostespeciallyincontrasttothatdonebymachines,andalsotothatdonebyworkingIfyouminimizearisk,problem,orunpleasantsituation,youreduceittothelowestpossiblelevel,orpreventitfromincreasingbeyondthatlevel.Farfromsayinghehasanattitudeproblem,theyoungsterstillneedstolearntocontrolhisemotionsingames.可能會(huì)說belazyatstudy/work，但也可以用someonehasanattitudeproblem來表達(dá)，Ithinkwomen,especiallythoseengagedinmentalwork,shouldretireatthesameageassomeoneengagesinsomething意指“從事”someoneisengagedinsomething。如果與manualwork相對(duì)應(yīng)。SomeonewhoisengagedinaparticularactivityisngthatIfyouengagesomeoneinconversation,youhaveaconversationwith地道表達(dá)法（14期Ahighschoolstudentusuallylooksforwardtocollegeasafewyearsoffunafterwhichacushyjobwouldfollow.lookforwardto意指“期待，盼望”someoneislookingforwardtosomething，則指預(yù)lookforwardto。Ifyoulookforwardtosomethingthatisgoingtohappen,youwantittohappenbecauseyouthinkyouwillenjoyit.Ifyousaythatsomeoneislookingforwardtosomethingusefulorpositive,youmeantheyexpectittohappen.acushyjob是指輕松的工作，不需耗費(fèi)太多精力。如果想表達(dá)工作易如反掌，可以說somethingisacinch。而常用到的apieceofcake，表達(dá)的也是易如反掌的意思，但常用Acushyjoborsituationispleasantbecauseitdoesnotinvolvemuchworkoreffort.Ifyousaythatsomethingisacinch,youmeanthatyouthinkitisveryeasytoIfyouthinksomethingisveryeasytodo,youcansayitisapieceofcake.Peopleoftensaythistostopsomeonefeelingworriedaboutngsomethingtheyhavetodo.Caregivingisastressfulandtime-consumingconsume指“消耗”，time-consuming即指“耗時(shí)的”consuming一詞，除了是consume的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，consuming還是一個(gè)形容詞，指“令人沉迷的，極其，Ifsomethingistime-consuming,ittakesalotofAconsumingpassionorinterestismoreimportanttoyouthananythingLearningLearningasecondlanguagefuelschildren's ligenceandmakestheirjobprospectsSomeone'sprospectsaretheirchancesofbeingsuccessful,especiallyintheir指“”，用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)指“刺激，使加劇”。給孩子的智力加點(diǎn)，也就是促進(jìn)智力發(fā)展的Allprophetsusedoneortheotherartformtoconveytheirmessageandinspiretheirtheother一是指兩個(gè)中的另一個(gè)，二是指一組人或事物中其余的、剩下的。convey除了運(yùn)輸，還有傳遞信息、表達(dá)某種感情的意思。message是“信息”的意思，先知傳遞所傳遞的信資支持某項(xiàng)目或組織；supporter指的是“支持者、擁護(hù)者”，對(duì)象可以是政治，也可以Afollowerofaparticular,group,orbeliefissomeonewhosupportsoradmiresthis,group,orbelief.Ifyoudescribesomeoneasacampfollower,youmeanthattheydonotofficiallybelongtoaparticulargroupormovementbutsupportitfortheirownadvantage.Thefinancialservicesindustryhasoneofthehardestglassceilingsforwomentobreakaccordingtoarecent 形的。Whenpeoplerefertoaglassceiling,theyaretalkingabouttheattitudesandtraditionsinasocietythatpreventwomenfromrisingtothetopjobs.Ifyoubreakthrough,youachievesuccesseventhoughtherearedifficultiesandobstacles.Whensomethingthatwaspreviouslyhiddenorcouldnotbeseenbreaksthrough,itappears.地道表達(dá)法（15期FLTOEFL2006年托福網(wǎng)考（TOEFLiBT）在全世界普及，以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為依托，并增加了口語(yǔ)測(cè)試。ImusthastentoaddthatIdonotmeantoblamehasten指“加速、趕緊”，可以是急忙做某事，hastentodosomething；也可以是急忙補(bǔ)充表Ifyouhastentosaysomething,youquicklyaddsomethingtowhatyouhavejustsaidinordertopreventitbeingmisunderstood.Ifyoumeantodosomething,youintendorplan IfyousaythatsomeonemeanttoIfyoumeantodosomething,youintendorplan Itwilltakemealongtimetogetovermygetover用在不同語(yǔ)境下釋義不同，大家比較熟知的應(yīng)當(dāng)是“克服”，也指“戰(zhàn)勝”，后接problemdifficultygetover后接的是一段不愉快的經(jīng)歷，或是疾病，Ifyougetoveranunpleasantorunhappyexperienceoranillness,yourecoverfromit.Ifyougetoveraproblemordifficulty,you eit.Ifyougetyourmessageovertopeople,theyhearandunderstandAtmanythingsseemeddifferent,butIsoongotinvolvedinmynew 意指“起初、最初，開始時(shí)”。類似的，還可以用到at/fromtheoutset，at/inthebeginning等。Youuseatwhenyouaretalkingaboutwhathappensintheearlystagesofaneventorexperience,orjustaftersomethingelsehashappened,incontrasttowhathappenslater.Ifyouareinvolvedinasituationoractivity,youaretakingpartinitorhaveastrongconnectionwithit.Ifyouareinvolvedinsomething,yougivealotoftime,effort,orattentiontoThethingsinvolvedinsomethingsuchasajoborsystemarethenecessarypartsorconsequencesofit.AAbeamoflightthroughthewindowwoketheprofessorupoutofadeepbeam有“束、光線”的意思，abeamof即指“一束”Abeamoflightisalineoflightthatshinesfromanobjectsuchasawake一詞有“喚醒、弄醒”的意思，同wakeupwakesyouup，則Whenyouwakeorwhensomeoneorsomethingwakesyou,you econsciousagainafterbeingasleep.Ifsomethingsuchasanactivitywakesyouup,itmakesyoumorealertandreadytodothingsafteryouhavebeenlazyorinactive.AircurrentsarecausedbytemperatureAcurrentisasteadyflowingmovementofintemperature。地道表達(dá)法（16期ItgoeswithoutsayingthateveryoneisboundtoobeytheItgoeswithoutsayingthat指“不言而喻、理所當(dāng)然”beboundtodosomething意為“一定，Itgoeswithoutsaying:somethingthatyousaywhenyoubelievethatwhatyouwillsaynextisgenerallyacceptedorunderstoodboundtodosomething:certaintodosomething;destinedtodo能用來指人，相當(dāng)于everybody，后面不能ofeveryone可指人也可指物eachone，后面可以接of，例如，everyoneofus。Sheseemedtobewallowinginhergriefinsteadoftryingtorecoverfromthewallowin用在不同語(yǔ)境釋義差別很大，如果后接某種不愉快的情景，應(yīng)為someoneiswallowingin...，這里主語(yǔ)只能是人，意指“沉溺”。如果后接水或泥，則是“躺臥、打滾”的Ifyousaythatsomeoneiswallowinginanunpleasantsituation,youarecriticizingthemforbeingdeliberayunhappy.Ifaoranimalwallowsinwaterormud,theylieorrollaboutinitslowlyforpleasure.recoverfrom的釋義也很多，如果后接疾病或，意指“康復(fù)，恢復(fù)健康”；后接某種不快Whenyourecoverfromanillnessoraninjury, ewellIfyourecoverfromanunhappyorunpleasantexperience,youstopbeingupsetbyIfsomethingrecoversfromaperiodofweaknessordifficulty,itimprovesorgetsstrongeragain.insteadof的意思是“代替”，也可以指做某事，“而不是”另一件事。Ifyoudoonethinginsteadofanother,youdothethingandnotthesecondthing,astheresultofachoiceorachangeofbehaviour.Manypeople,ifnotmost,lookonliterarytasteasan 翻譯過來就是“即使不是大多數(shù)”。ifnot還有“要是不、即使不”的意思，后接詞或詞組。Youuseifnotinfrontofawordorphrasetoindicatethatyourstatementdoesnotapplytothatwordorphrase,buttosomethingcloselyrelatedtoitthatyoualsomention.taste比較常用的意思是“品嘗”，也可指“偏好”，或是“品味、鑒賞力”。同樣，plishment 'stasteistheirchoiceinthethingsthattheylikeorbuy,forexampletheirclothes,possessions,ormusic.Ifyousaythatsomeonehasgoodtaste,youmeanthatyouapproveoftheirchoices.Ifyousaythattheyhavepoortaste,youdisapproveoftheirchoices.Somestarsarehardlyvisibletothenakedvisible還指“有形的”。bevisibletonakedeye意味“肉眼”，在觀察中使用肉眼，即不使用其他工具輔助，僅憑人的雙眼事物，也可以叫“眼”。戴眼鏡的同學(xué)應(yīng)當(dāng)比較熟悉“眼視力”，即指在不戴眼鏡的情況下測(cè)Ifyousaythatsomethingcannotbeseenbythenakedeye,youmeanthatitcannotbeseenwithoutthehelpofequipmentsuchasaescopeormicroscope.TomtriedtosqueezeintothejeanshehadwornwhenhewasaIfyousqueezeaorthingsomewhereoriftheysqueezethere,theymanagetogetthroughorintoasmallspace.地道表達(dá)法（17期Nowthatyouhavecomeofage,youshouldberesponsibleforwhatyounow作為“現(xiàn)在”的用法，但單詞越簡(jiǎn)單，其延伸意往往就越多，now也可以表示“既然，由于”，和nowthat的用法相同。Youusenowornowthattoindicatethataneventhasoccurredandasaresultsomethingelsemayorwilleofage有兩種釋義，一指“成熟，發(fā)達(dá)”，即某物發(fā)展到廣為接受的程度，二指“成年，達(dá)到法定”，主語(yǔ)為人。相對(duì)的，如果要說一個(gè)人還“未成年”，可以表述為underage。Ifsomethingcomesofage,itreachesanimportantstageofdevelopmentandisacceptedbyalargenumberofpeople.Whensomeonecomesofage, elegallyanSomeonewhoisunderageisnotlegallyoldenoughtodosomething,forexampletobuyanalcoholicdrink.Theyhelpedoneanothertomaketheculturefestivalaoneanother指“互相”，比如互相幫助，helponeanother，貿(mào)易往來，tradewithoneYouuseoneanothertoindicatethateaemberofagroupdoessomethingtoorfortheothermakesomethingasuccess表示將某事辦得很成功，這里也可以表述為，makeaYoucanusemakewithcertainnounstoindicatethatsomeonedoessomethingwellorbadly.Forexample,ifyoumakeasuccessofsomething,youtsuccessfully,andifyoumakeamessofsomething,youtverybadly.Iregardhimasamanofregard一詞比較常用的意思有尊敬，重視”，regardfor，也可以表示認(rèn)為”，regardsomeone/somethingas。比較有意思的是，regard還有“注視”的意思，尤其指以某種方式，比如好奇地看，regardsomeonecuriously。Ifyouregardsomeoneorsomethingasbeingaparticularthingorashavingaparticularquality,youbelievethattheyarethatthingorhavethatquality.AbunchofpeoplethrusttheirwaytowardtherearAbunchofpeopleisagroupofpeoplewhoshareoneormorecharacteristicsorwhoarengsomethingtogether.以表述為thrustsomeone'swaysomewhere。Ifyouthrustyourwaysomewhere,youmovethere,pushingbetweenpeopleorthingswhichareinyourway.Hisautobiographywasreleasedtodayandwassoldoutbysellout的釋義有很多個(gè)，可以指“脫銷”，如門票、商品，也可以賣原則，美式英語(yǔ)中用sellout。Whenthingssellout,allofthemthatareavailableare地地道表達(dá)法（18期Thoserecordsarenotaccessibletothebeaccessibleto意為“易接近的，容易進(jìn)入