《會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)英語》課件

AccountingEnglish

AccountingEnglishWhydoyoutakethecourseofAccountingEnglish?WhatarethelearningobjectivesofAccountingEnglish?IsAccountingEnglishdifficult?WhydoyoutakethecourseofSuggestionsforstudyPreviewingthetextisveryimportant.《AnEnglish–ChineseDictionaryofAccounting》，《英漢雙解財(cái)會(huì)詞典》，外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，[英]P.H.Collin,AdrianJoliffe編，張煒等譯，2002年9月第1版SuggestionsforstudyPreviewinCHAPTER1ACCOUNTING:THEBASISFORDECISIONSCHAPTER1ACCOUNTING:LearningObjectivesExplainthedefinitionofaccounting;Understandthebasicfunctionofaccounting;Ascertaintheusersofaccountinginformationandknowwhytheyneedtheinformation;Understandthetypesofaccountinginformation;Haveageneralideaoftheprofessionalfieldsofaccountingandtheirduties.Learntheaccountingtermsinthischapterandusetheminthetranslationtask.LearningObjectivesExplaintheAccounting會(huì)計(jì)（學(xué)）Accountant會(huì)計(jì)師BeanCounter數(shù)豆子的人Differentexpressionsabout“企業(yè)”inEnglishBusinessEnterpriseFirm

CompanyCorporationAccounting會(huì)計(jì)（學(xué)）DefinitionofAccountingAccountingisaninformationsystemdesignedtorecord,classifyandsummarizesystematicallysignificantfinancialandothereconomicinformationaboutbusinessfirms,andanalysesandinterpretsitsresults,withmonetaryunitasitsmaincriterion.

DefinitionofAccountingAccounAccounting:InformationforDecisionMakingTheprimaryobjectiveofaccountingtoprovideinformationthatisusefulformakingdecisions.Accounting:InformationforDeUsersofAccountingInformationUsersofAccountingInformatioExternalusersInternal

usersUsersofAccountingInformationExternalusersInternalusersUsInternalusersofaccountinginformationQuestion:Howtodefineinternalusersofaccountinginformation?Whoareinternalusersofaccountinginformation?Whichdecisionsmadebythemanagement？InternalusersofaccountingiInternalusersofaccountinginformationOwe欠債Owetosb.欠某人的債Meet=payoff償還Mature=beduev.到期Maturityn.到期Inventory=stock存貨Expense費(fèi)用Revenue收入Earnings=profits利潤Plant工廠，植物，機(jī)器設(shè)備InternalusersofaccountingiInternalusersofaccountinginformationQuestion:Whichdecisionsaretobemadebyinternalusersexceptformanagement?InternalusersofaccountingiExternalusersofaccountinginformationQuestion:Howtodefineexternalusersofaccountinginformation?Whoareexternalusersofaccountinginformation?Couldtheaccountantprovideaccountinginformationtomeettheneedsofdiverseusers?Whoarethetwoprimaryexternalusersofaccountinginformation?ExternalusersofaccountingiExternalusersofaccountinginformation課后自學(xué)P7第1段Question:Whichdecisionsaretobemadebyexternalusers?ExternalusersofaccountingiObjectiveofExternalFinancialReportingWhatistheobjectiveofexternalfinancialreporting?Operationperformance經(jīng)營成果Financialposition財(cái)務(wù)狀況Cashflow現(xiàn)金流Returnofinvestment投資回收Returnoninvestment投資回報(bào)課后自學(xué)P8第2和第4段練習(xí)：P13Exercises1ObjectiveofExternalFinanciaTypesofaccountinginformationFinancialAccountingManagementAccountingTaxAccountingTypesofaccountinginformatioFinancialAccountingFinancialaccountinginformationdescribesthefinancialposition(財(cái)務(wù)狀況),resultofoperation(經(jīng)營成果),andcashflow(現(xiàn)金流)ofaneconomicentity.Question:Whousethefinancialaccountinginformation?Incometaxreturns納稅申報(bào)Prepareincometaxreturns編制納稅申報(bào)General-purposeaccountinginformation通用會(huì)計(jì)信息FinancialAccountingFinancialManagementAccountingQuestion:What’sthepurposeofmanagementaccounting?課后自學(xué)P5第5段ManagementAccountingQuestionTaxAccountingQuestion:Whatfunctionsdoestaxaccountingencompass?Confirmto/with與…相一致Minimizethetaxburden使稅負(fù)最小化TaxAccountingProfessionFields

ofAccountingprivateaccountingpublicaccounting

accountingforgovernments

andnonprofitorganizationsProfessionFieldsofAccountinPublicAccountingCPA(CertifiedPublicAccountants)CPAfirm普華永道(PriceWaterhouseCoopers，PwC)安永(Ernst&Young，E&Y)畢馬威(KPMG)德勤(DeloitteToucheTohmatsu，DTT)安達(dá)信(ArthurAndersen)(已倒閉)Enron

PublicAccountingCPA(CertifieACCA(AssociationofCharteredCertificatedAccountants)AICPA(AmericanInstituteofCPA)

CICPA(ChineseInstituteofCPA)practicingmembersnon-practicingmembersAuditing審計(jì)，審計(jì)學(xué)AuditInternal/externalauditingAuditorACCA(AssociationofCharteredTheprimaryservicesofferedbyCPAAuditingIncometaxservicesManagementadvisory(consultancyorconsulting)servicesTheprimaryservicesofferedbPrivateAccountingManagementaccountants管理會(huì)計(jì)師TheInstituteofManagementAccountants（美國管理會(huì)計(jì)師協(xié)會(huì)

，簡稱IMA

）CertifiedManagementAccountant(美國注冊管理會(huì)計(jì)師，簡稱CMA)Controller總會(huì)計(jì)師，會(huì)計(jì)主管Treasurer財(cái)務(wù)主管CFOWhataretheresponsibilitiesofaccountantsattheprivatebusiness?PrivateAccountingManagementaTheresponsibilitiesofaccountantsattheprivatebusinessRecordingtransactionsandpreparingfinancialstatementsDesignofaccountingsystemCostaccountingInternalcontrolandauditingTheresponsibilitiesofaccounAccountingforGovernmentsandNonprofitOrganizationsAccountingforGovernmentsandAccountingEthicAccountantshaveasignificantresponsibilitytothepublic.Why?Ethicsarebeliefsthatdistinguishrightfromwrong.Theyareacceptedstandardsofgoodandbadbehavior.Manyprofessionalorganizationhavecodesofethicsorprofessionalconductthatdirecttheactivitiesoftheirmembers.AICPA’sCodeofProfessionalConductChineseCertifiedPublicAccountantsCodeofProfessionalEthicsAccountingEthicAccountantshaQuestions

1.Whatisaccounting?2.Whatarethethreetypesofaccountinginformation?3.What’sthedifferencebetweenaccountingandbookkeeping?4.Howdoaccountantsperformtheirwork?Questions1.WhatisaccountinQuestions5.Definetheinternalandexternalusersofaccountinginformation.6.Identifyatleastfivetypesofmanagerswhoareinternalusersofaccountinginformation.7.Explainhowdoeseachgroupofinformationusersapplyaccountinginformation.Questions5.DefinetheinternaQuestions8.Whatarethethreebroadareasinthefieldsofaccounting?9.Whataretheirdifference?10.Whyareprofessionalethicscrucialinaccounting?11.Whatarethethreeformsofbusinessorganizations?Questions8.WhatarethethreeCHAPTER2THEORETICALFRAMEWORKUNDERLIYINGFINANCIALACCOUNTINGCHAPTER2THEORETICALFRAMEWLearningObjectivesKnowtheconceptualframeworkforfinancialreportingKnowthequalitativecharacteristicsofaccountinginformationDescribetheelementsoffinancialstatementsUnderstandthebasicassumptionsandthebasicprinciplesofaccounting

Learntheaccountingtermsinthischapterandusetheminthetranslationtask.LearningObjectivesKnowthecoAccountingtheoryWhatdoesaccountingtheoryconsistof?Wheredotheycomefrom?AccountingtheoryWhatdoesaccNatureofaTheoreticalFramework

(ConceptualFramework)NatureofaTheoreticalFramewDefinitionofaConceptualFrameworkTheconceptualframeworkisacoherentsystemofinterrelatedobjectivesandfundamentalsthatisexpectedtoleadtoconsistentstandardsandthatprescribesthenature,function,andlimitsoffinancialaccountingandreporting.（SFACNO.2）DefinitionofaConceptualFraEnhancetheunderstandabilityandcomparabilityoffinancialreportingSolvethenewandemergingpracticalproblemsContributetothedevelopmentandapplicationofaccountingstandards

RolesofaConceptualFrameworkRolesofaConceptualFramewor美國財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì)(FASB)發(fā)布的系列概念公告是迄今為止最完整、最系統(tǒng)的概念框架研究成果。美國財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì)(FASB)發(fā)布的系列概念公告是迄今為

FinancialAccountingStandardsBoard(FASB，美國財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì))—Aprivate,not-for-profitorganization.TheFASBfollowsdueprocess（充分程序）rulesandseekspublicinputatvariouspointsinGAAPdevelopmentthrough“ExposureDrafts”（征求意見稿

）.

SecuritiesandExchangeCommission(SEC，美國證券交易委員會(huì))–ThefederalagencythathasauthoritytodetermineGAAPforpubliccompanieswhosestockistradedonStockExchange.Inessence,theSEChasacquiesced（默許）itsroletotoestablishGAAPtotheFASB.

FinancialAccountingStandarCurrentStandardSetting–FASB

Establishedin1973.SupportedbytheFinancialAccountingFoundation（財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)基金

）.Sevenfull-time,independentvotingmembersservingfor10years.MembersnotrequiredtobeCPAs.CurrentStandardSetting–FASStatementoffinancialaccountingconcepts,SFAC,財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)概念公告Statementoffinancialaccountingstandards,SFASs,財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則公告InterpretationoftheSFASs,財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則解釋《會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)英語》課件美國財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)概念公告一覽表SFACNo.1ObjectivesofFinancialReportingbyBusinessEnterpriseSFACNo.2QualitativeCharacteristicsofAccountingInformationSFACNo.3ElementsofFinancialStatementsofBusinessEnterprise（被SFACNo.6取代）SFACNo.4ObjectivesofFinancialReportingbyNonbusinessOrganizationSFACNo.5

RecognitionandMeasurementinFinancialStatementofBusinessEnterpriseSFACNo.6ElementsofFinancialStatements（取代SFACNo.3和部分修訂SFACNo.62）SFACNo.7UsingCashFlowInformationandPresentValueinAccountingMeasurements（對SFACNo.5第67段進(jìn)行修訂）美國財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)概念公告一覽表SFACNo.1Objecti《會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)英語》課件Itisexpectedtoservethepublicinterestbyprovidingstructureanddirectiontofinancialaccountingandreportingtofacilitatetheprovisionofevenhandedfinancialandrelatedinformationthatisusefulinassistingcapitalandothermarketstofunctionefficientlyinallocatingscarceresourcesintheeconomy.ItisexpectedtoservethepuInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB,國際會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則理事會(huì)

)

FormerisInternationalAccountingStandardsCommittee(IASC,國際會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì))，

establishedin1973tonarrowtherangeofdifferencesinaccountingstandards.IAS(InternationalAccountingStandards)ReorganizedintoIASBin2001.IFRS

(InternationalFinancialReportingStandards)InternationalAccountingStandThenewIASCstructure

IFRSFoundation(IFRS基金會(huì))

IASBIFRICInternationalFinancialReportingInterpretationsCommittee（國際財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告解釋委員會(huì)）ThenewIASCstructureIFRSFoFrameworkforthePreparationandPresentationofFinancialStatementsItwasapprovedbytheIASCinApril1989forpublicationinJuly1989,andadoptedbytheIASBinApril2001.FrameworkforthePreparationObjectivesoffinancialreportingBuildingblocksfortheconceptualframeworkQualitativecharacteristicsofaccountinginformationandelementsoffinancialstatementsabridgebetweenthefirstlevelandthesecondlevelRecognitionandMeasurementConceptsRecognition確認(rèn)Measurement計(jì)量Accountingassumptions會(huì)計(jì)假設(shè)Accountingprinciples會(huì)計(jì)原則Constraints制約因素StructureofconceptualframeworkObjectivesoffinancialreportFirstLevel:BasicObjectivesFirstLevel:BasicObjectivesSecondLevel:FundamentalConceptsSecondLevel:FundamentalConcSecondLevel:FundamentalConceptsQualitativeCharacteristicsofAccountingInformationFigure2-2inP16Hierarchy等級(jí)制度Pervasive普遍的Threshold門檻、起點(diǎn)、開端Criterion評(píng)判的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、尺度SecondLevel:FundamentalConcRelevanceTobeuseful,informationmustberelevanttothedecision-makingneedsofusers.Informationhasthequalityofrelevancewhenitinfluencestheeconomicdecisionsofusersbyhelpingthemevaluatepast,presentorfutureeventsorconfirming,orcorrecting,theirpastevaluations.RelevanceTobeuseful,informaElementsofFinancialStatements(SFACNo.6)AssetsAssets這個(gè)詞表示資產(chǎn)時(shí)一定要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，即詞尾要有“s”。如果不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，就成為“寶物，天賦、技能”的意思。

LiabilitiesEquityRevenueExpensesGainsLossesElementsofFinancialStatemenElementsofFinancialStatements(FrameworkforthePreparationandPresentationofFinancialStatements,IASB)AssetsLiabilitiesEquityIncomeExpensesElementsofFinancialStatemen我國的企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則——基本準(zhǔn)則對會(huì)計(jì)要素的規(guī)定AssetsLiabilitiesOwner’sequityRevenuesExpensesProfit我國的企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則——基本準(zhǔn)則對會(huì)計(jì)要素的規(guī)定AssetsThirdLevel:RecognitionandMeasurementConceptsBasicassumptionsBasicprinciplesConstraintsThirdLevel:RecognitionandMBasicassumptionsBasicassumptionsEacheconomicorganizationisanaccountingentityandmustbekeptseparateanddistinctfromitsowners,creditors,andotherentities.AccountingEntityAssumption

EacheconomicorganizationAccoThebusinesswillremaininoperationintheforeseeablefuture.

GoingConcernAssumptionThebusinesswillremaininGoAlltransactionsshouldbemeasuredinmoneyform.Itimpliesthestable-money-unitassumption.Itmakestheinformationreliable&comparable.

MoneyUnitAssumptionAlltransactionsshouldbemeaThelifeofbusinessshouldbedividedintoshortonesofequallength.Itmakesiteasiertomakefinancialstatementsandsatisfiestheaccountinginformationusersneedofknowingthecurrentconditionsofthebusiness.

PeriodicityAssumptionThelifeofbusinessshouldbQuestions:1.

()arethepreconditionsofidentifying,measuring,recordingandreportingeconomictransactions.2.()assumptionimpliesthelifeofbusinessshouldbedividedintoshortones.3.()assumesthebusinesswillcontinueforaquitelongtime.Questions:1.(4.()limitstheeconomicdataintheaccountingsystemtodatarelateddirectlytotheactivitiesofthebusiness.5.()requiresthatmoneybeusedasthebasicmeasuringunit.Infact,italsoimpliesthe()assumption.4.()limitstheeAccrual–basisprincipleimpliesthatrevenueandexpensesarerecordedwhentheyoccursbutnotwhencashisreceivedorpaid.Accrual–basis

PrincipleAccrual–basisprincipleimplAllgoodsandservicespurchasedbyanenterprisearerecordedatacquisitioncostandappearonfinancialstatementatcost.HistoricalCostPrincipleAllgoodsandservicespurchasHistoricalcost歷史成本Replacementcost重置成本Netrealizablevalue可變現(xiàn)凈值Currentvalue現(xiàn)值Fairvalue公允價(jià)值A(chǔ)ccountingmeasurementbasesmainlycomprise:AccountingmeasurementbasesmRealizationprincipleUndertherealizationprinciple,revenuesshouldberecognizedatthetimegoodsaresoldorservicesarerendered.RealizationprincipleUndertheMatchingprincipleUnderthematchingprinciple,revenueforaperiodismatchedwiththeexpensesincurredingeneratingtherevenue.MatchingprincipleUnderthemaFulldisclosureprincipleFinancialstatementsandtheiraccompanyingnotesshouldcontainallrelevantinformationareaderneedstounderstandthefinancialconditionandperformanceofabusiness.

FulldisclosureprincipleFinanCost–benefitrelationshipMaterialityConservatismConstraintsCost–benefitrelationshipConCost–benefitrelationshipAccountantsshouldweighthebenefitderivedfromtheinformationagainstthecostofprovidingthatinformation.

Thebenefitsshouldexceedthecosts.Cost–benefitrelationshipAccMaterialityTheword“materiality”referstotherelativeimportanceofanitem.Accountantsshouldconsidertherelativeimportanceofanytransactions.MaterialityTheword“materialiConservatismAccountantsshouldbeconservativeinchoosingtheonethathastheleastfavorableimpactonnetincomewhentherearetwoormorealternativeaccountingmethods.

ConservatismAccountantsshouldQuestions:1.()impliesaccountantsshouldbeconservativeinchoosingtheonethathastheleastfavorableimpactonnetincomewhentherearetwoormorealternativeaccountingmethods.2.Under(),revenuesshouldberecognizedatthetimegoodsaresoldorservicesarerendered.

Questions:1.()im3.Under(),whenthebusinessprovidesaservice,makesasale,orincursanexpense,theaccountantmustenteritintothejournal,whetherornotcashhasbeenreceivedorpaid.

4.()requiresfinancialstatementshouldofferadequateinformation.3.Under(),whenCase

ChinaSecurityRegulatoryCommission(CSRC)requiresthelistedcompaniesdisclosetheirannualreportswithin4monthsaftertheenddateofeachaccountingperiod.Astudentmajorinaccounting,argued,“Nowadays,timelinessisavitalcharacteristicofinformation.Informationprovided4monthslaterisuselessbecausethesituationhavechangedgreatly.”Doyouagreeornot?Why?CaseChinaSecurityRegulatoryTheAccountingRegulationSysteminChinaAccountingLawNPCMinistryofFinanceAccountingStandardsforBusinessEnterpriseSpecificStandardsBasicStandardEnterpriseAccountingSystemApplyingGuideofAccountingStandardsTheAccountingRegulationSystBasicStandardConceptsFrameworkofFinancialAccounting(CF)Function:ConductformulatingspecificstandardsBasicStandard我國的企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)基本準(zhǔn)則Generalprovisions總則Qualitativerequirementsofaccountinginformation會(huì)計(jì)信息質(zhì)量要求Assets資產(chǎn)Liabilities負(fù)債Owner’sequity所有者權(quán)益Revenues收入Expenses費(fèi)用Profit利潤Accountingmeasurement會(huì)計(jì)計(jì)量Financialreports財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)告Supplementaryprovision附則我國的企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)基本準(zhǔn)則GeneralprovisionsSpecificStandardsGenerallyAccepted

AccountingPrinciples(GAAP)Function:GuidelinestogoverntheconductofaccountantsSpecificStandards

SecuritiesandExchangeCommission(SEC，美國證券交易委員會(huì))–ThefederalagencythathasauthoritytodetermineGAAPforpubliccompanieswhosestockistradedonStockExchange.Inessence,theSEChasacquiesced（默許）itsroletotoestablishGAAPtotheFASB. FinancialAccountingStandardsBoard(FASB，美國財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì))—Aprivate,not-for-profitorganization.TheFASBfollowsdueprocess（充分程序）rulesandseekspublicinputatvariouspointsinGAAPdevelopmentthrough“ExposureDrafts”.SecuritiesandExchangeComEarlyStandardSettingEvolutionofStandard-SettingProcess1938-1959:CommitteeonAccountingProcedures(CAP)會(huì)計(jì)程序委員會(huì)1959-1973:AccountingPrinciplesBoard(APB)會(huì)計(jì)原則委員會(huì)AccountingResearchBulletinsandOpinions《會(huì)計(jì)研究公告與意見》EarlyStandardSettingEvolutioCurrentStandardSetting–FASB

Establishedin1973.SupportedbytheFinancialAccountingFoundation（財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)基金

）.Sevenfull-time,independentvotingmembersservingfor10years.MembersnotrequiredtobeCPAs.CurrentStandardSetting–FASStatementoffinancialaccountingconcepts,SFAC,財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)概念公告Statementoffinancialaccountingstandards,SFASs,財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則公告InterpretationoftheSFASs,財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則解釋《會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)英語》課件FASB’sStandard-SettingProcess

Identificationofproblem.Thetaskforce(專題研究組

).Researchandanalysis.Discussionmemorandum(討論備忘錄

).Publicresponse.Exposuredraft(征求意見稿

).Publicresponse.Statementissued.FASB’sStandard-SettingProcesInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB,國際會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則理事會(huì)

)

FormerisInternationalAccountingStandardsCommittee(IASC,國際會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì))，

establishedin1973tonarrowtherangeofdifferencesinaccountingstandards.IAS(InternationalAccountingStandards)ReorganizedintoIASBin2001.IFRS

(InternationalFinancialReportingStandards)InternationalAccountingStandThenewIASCstructure

IFRSFoundation(IFRS基金會(huì))

IASBIFRIC（國際財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告解釋委員會(huì)）ThenewIASCstructureIFRSFoQuestions

1.Theaccountingelementsinclude(),(),(),(),()and().2.Netincomeisthe()ofrevenueoverexpensesfortheaccountingperiod.3.Whatexamplescanyoutellotherstudentstohelpthemunderstandwhatanaccountingentityis?Questions1.TheaccountingelGame:haveaguessEachstudentshouldgiveanexampleofthequalitativecharacteristicsofaccountinginformation,basicassumptions,thebasicprinciplesorconstrainsofaccountingbutdon’tsaytheanswer.Thentherestoftheclasscanguess.Game:haveaguessEachstudentCHAPTER3ACCOUNTINGCYCLECHAPTER3ACCOUNTINGCYCLELearningObjectivesUnderstandthedefinitionofaccountingcycle;Haveageneralideaofthecompleteaccountingprocess;Understandtherulesofdouble-entryaccounting;Learntheaccountingtermsinthischapterandusetheminthetranslationtask.LearningObjectivesUnderstandDefinitionofaccountingcycleThesequenceofaccountingproceduresusedtorecord,classify,andsummarizeaccountinginformationinfinancialreportsatregularintervalsandtheproceduresmustberepeatedinthesameorderduringeachaccountingperiod.DefinitionofaccountingcycleKeywords,phrasesandspecialtermsEntry分錄MakeanoraccountingentryClosingentry結(jié)賬分錄Contraentry抵銷分錄Adjustingentry調(diào)整分錄Entryprice入賬價(jià)格Entrydocument記賬憑證Keywords,phrasesandspecialKeywords,phrasesandspecialtermsJournalize登記日記賬

Journal日記賬，序時(shí)賬Journalentry日記賬分錄Cashjournal現(xiàn)金日記賬Post過賬Ledgeraccounts分類賬Account賬戶Anaccountisarecordbasedontheitemsofaccountingelements,representinganincreaseoradecreaseandtheresultofthoseitems.Trialbalance試算平衡表Keywords,phrasesandspecialStepsof

Theaccountingcycle1.AnalyzeTransactions2.Journalize3.Post6.PrepareFinancialStatements5.Close4.AdjustSourceDocumentsJournalEntryLedgeraccountsTrialBalanceIncomestatement

AccountsBalanceSheetIncomeStatementetcStepsofTheaccountingcycleUnderstandhowdouble-entryaccountingworks《會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)英語》課件Themechanicsofdouble-entryaccountingaresuchthateverytransactionisrecordedinthedebitsideofoneormoreaccountsandinthecreditsideofoneormoreaccountswithequaldebitsandcredits.double-entrybookkeeping(orsystem)Single-entryaccountingmeansthateverytransactionisrecordedbyonlyoneentry.Itdoesnotincludethecompleteresultsofeachtransaction.single-entrybookkeeping(orsystem)TheDouble-EntryAccountingThemechanicsofdouble-entryDebit（Dr.）n.借,借方,借記Debitcard借記卡Debitbalance借方余額

v.計(jì)入借方,借計(jì)Debitanaccount計(jì)入借方賬Credit（Cr.）n.貸,貸方,貸記Creditcard貸記卡Credit貸方余額

v.計(jì)入貸方,貸計(jì)Creditanaccount計(jì)入貸方賬Debit（Dr.）n.借,借方,借記HistoryofDouble-entryAccountingThedouble-entrysystemhasbeenusedincommerceforover500years.AlthoughLucaPacioli,afifteenth-centurymonk,isoftengivencreditforhavingdevelopedthesysteminhis1494book,SummadeArithmetica,Geometria,ProportionietProportionalita,heactuallyonlydescribedanaccountingpracticethatwasalreadybeingusedincommerceinItaly.Pacioli’struecontributiontomodernaccountingliesinthefactthathisbookwaswidelyreadthroughouttheItaliantradingempire,andsotheaccountingmethodhewroteaboutwasintroducedtomanywithinarelativelyshortperiodoftime.Double-entryaccountingseemstobeapracticethatsimplyevolvedovertimeasthebestwayofkeepingtrackoffinancialactivity.Ithasretainedthisstatusthroughmajorchangesineconomicactivityandtechnology.HistoryofDouble-entryAccounDouble-EntryAccounting“Double-entryaccountingisbasedonasimpleconcept:eachpartyinabusinesstransactionwillreceivesomethingandgivesomethinginreturn.Inbookkeepingterms,whatisreceivedisadebitandwhatisgivenisacredit.TheTaccountisarepresentationofascaleorbalance.”LucaPacioliDeveloperofDouble-EntryAccountingScaleorBalanceReceiveDEBITGiveCREDITTaccountLeftSideReceiveDEBITRightSideGiveCREDITDouble-EntryAccounting“DoublAccountingequation

Assets=Liabilities+Owner’sequityAssets-Liabilities=Owner’sequityNetassets=

Owner’sequity

AccountingequationAssets=LRulesofDouble-EntryAccounting1.Eachtransactionaffectsatleasttwoaccounts.Theseaccountscontainsatleastoneaccountdebitedandatleastoneaccountcredited.2.Totaldebitsmustequaltotalcredits.RulesofDouble-EntryAccountT-accountT-account:asimplestformofanaccount,usedtohelpillustratetheeffectoftransaction.AccountnameDebit(leftside)Credit(rightside)T-accountT-account:asimplestRulesofdebits&creditsThetypeofaccountdeterminesthesideinwhichincreasesanddecreasesarerecorded.Rulesofdebits&creditsThetyRulesofdebits&creditsActivity:Pleaseexplainhowtorecordincreasesanddecreasesindifferenttypeofaccounts.Rulesofdebits&creditsActiviIncreasesandDecreasesintheAccountsAccountingEquation:Assets=Liabilities+Owners’EquityRulesofDebitandCredit:Debit+Debit–Debit–Credit–Credit+Credit+IncreasesandDecreasesintheDebitsCreditsRevenueaccounts…… Decrease(-) Increase(+)Expenseaccounts…… Increase(+) Decrease(-)IncomeStatementAccountsDebitsCreditsRevenueaccountsRecordtransactionsinthejournalRecordtransactionsWhatisajournal?Itisarecordofeachbusinesstransactioninachronologicalorder.Stepsofjournalizing:Identifytransactionfromsourcedocuments.Specifyaccountsaffected.Applydebit/creditrules.Recordtransactionwithdescription.VerifythattotaldebitsequaltotalcreditsJournalformatP30:exhibit3-1Whatisajournal?JournalclassificationGeneraljournaltorecordallkindsoftransactionsSpecialjournaltorecordacertainkindoftransactionsJournalclassificationGeneralPostfromthejournaltotheledgerPostfromthejournalWhatisposting?Postingistheprocessthatdebitsandcreditsaretransferredfromthejournaltotheledgeraccounts.Intheprocess,eachamountinthedebitcolumnofthejournalispostedbyenteringitonthedebitsideofanledgeraccount,andeachamountinthecreditcolumnofthejournalispostedbyenteringitonthecreditsideofanledgeraccount.Whatisposting?Post.Ref.JOURNALDateDescriptionDebitCreditPage21234Dec. 312005PrepaidInsurance 240000Cash 240000Paidpremiumontwo-yearpolicy.Dec.1 NetSolutionspaidapremiumof$2,400foracomprehensiveinsurancepolicycoveringtwoyears.Post.Ref.JOURNALDateDesPost.Ref.JOURNALDateDescriptionDebitCreditPage21234Dec. 12005PrepaidInsurance 240000Cash 240000ACCOUNTPrepaidInsuranceACCOUNTNO.15BalanceDebitCreditDateDebitCreditItemPost.Ref.240000240000Dec. 12005Paidpremiumontwo-yearpolicy.Post.Ref.JOURNALDateDesPost.Ref.JOURNALDateDescriptionDebitCreditPage21234Dec. 12005PrepaidInsurance 240000Cash 240000ACCOUNTPrepaidInsuranceACCOUNTNO.15BalanceDebitCreditDateDebitCreditItemPost.Ref.240000240000Dec. 12005215Paidpremiumontwo-yearpolicy.Post