有用的金融詞匯翻譯匯編

27/27HYPERLINK"/"不景氣slump（衰退recession）二板市場thesecondboardmarket中國創(chuàng)業(yè)板ChinaGrowthEnterpriseMarket首次上市IPOs(initialpublicoffering)市場資本總額marketcapitalization法人股institutionalshares內(nèi)部股（非上市招股）privatecompanyshares牛市bullmarket法律風(fēng)險legalrisk風(fēng)險治理riskmanagement堅持嚴(yán)格的貸款標(biāo)準(zhǔn)maintainstrongunderwritingstandards六大風(fēng)險risksin6keyareas(U.S.FederalReservecriterion)信用風(fēng)險creditrisk供給學(xué)派supply-sideeconomist第一產(chǎn)業(yè)（農(nóng)業(yè)）agriculture(primaryindustry)第二產(chǎn)業(yè)（工業(yè)）manufacturingindustry(secondaryindustry)第三產(chǎn)業(yè)（服務(wù)業(yè)）serviceindustry(tertiaryindustry)要緊經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)majoreconomicindicators國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值GDPgrossdomesticproduct（商品和勞務(wù)幣值總和，不包括海外收入支出）國民生產(chǎn)總值GNPgrossnationalproduct（商品和勞務(wù)幣值總和，包括海外收入支出）人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值GDPpercapita宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)macroeconomy互助基金mutualfund擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需expanddomesticdemand改善居民心理預(yù)期inspirethegeneralpublic'sconfidenceinthefutureneeds鼓舞增加即期消費encouragemoreimmediateconsumption長期國債long-termtreasurybonds支付國債利息toservicetreasurybonds財政赤字和債務(wù)deficitsandthenationaldebt按原口徑計算calculateonthebaseline按不變價格計算calculateatconstantprice按可比價格計算calculateatcomparableprice列入財政預(yù)算支出listedinthefiscalbudget結(jié)售匯制度thesystemofexchange,settlementandsales經(jīng)常項目順差favorablebalanceofcurrentaccount,surplusofcurrentaccount開辦人民幣業(yè)務(wù)engageinRenminbi(RMB)business出口退稅制度thesystemofrefundingtaxesonexportedgoods保證金臺帳制度Depositaccountsystemforprocessingtrade分期付款paybyinstallment保值儲蓄inflation-proofbanksavings抵押貸款collateralisedloans住房抵押貸款residentialmortgageloan貨幣主義者monetarist打算經(jīng)濟(jì)plannedeconomy指令性打算mandatoryplan技術(shù)密集型technologyintensive大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)massproduction經(jīng)濟(jì)林cashtree跟蹤審計follow-upauditing流淌性風(fēng)險liquidityrisk操作風(fēng)險operationalrisk內(nèi)部審計internalaudit拋售bearsales配套政策supportingpolicies中國人民銀行（中央銀行）ThePeople’sBankofChina（centralbank）四大國有商業(yè)銀行4majorstate-ownedcommercialbanks中國銀行Bankofchina中國工商銀行IndustrialandCommercialBankofChina（）and中國建設(shè)銀行ConstructionBankofChina中國農(nóng)業(yè)銀行AgriculturalBankofChina招商銀行ChinaMerchantsBank疲軟股票softstock配股allotmentofshares實際增長率growthrateinrealterms年均增長率averagegrowthrateperannum投資回報率rateofreturnoninvestment外貿(mào)進(jìn)出口總額totalforeigntradevalue實際利用外資incomingoverseascapital(investment)inplace消費價格指數(shù)consumerpriceindex(CPI)零售價格指數(shù)retailpriceindex（RPI）生活費用價格總指數(shù)totalpriceindexoflivingcost生活費用incomeavailableforlivingexpenses扣除物價因素inrealterms/oninflation-adjustedbasis居民儲蓄存款residents’banksavingsdeposit恩格爾系數(shù)（食品開支占總支出的比例）Engelcoefficient基尼系數(shù)（衡量地區(qū)差不）Ginicoefficient購買力平價法purchasingpowerparity(PPP)（衡量使用不同貨幣的兩個國家或地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)水平、收入水平的一種計算法，用相等的匯率比較兩種貨幣各自的國內(nèi)購買力）片面追求進(jìn)展速度excessivepursuitofgrowth泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)bubbleeconomy經(jīng)濟(jì)過熱overheatingofeconom通貨膨脹inflation實體經(jīng)濟(jì)therealeconomy經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律lawsofeconomics市場調(diào)節(jié)marketregulation優(yōu)化資源配置optimizeallocationofresources規(guī)模經(jīng)營優(yōu)勢advantageofeconomiesofscale勞動密集型laborintensive市場風(fēng)險marketrisk收緊銀根tightenupmonetarypolicy適度從緊的財政政策moderatelytightfiscalpolicy信用緊縮creditcrunch加強國有商業(yè)銀行內(nèi)部資金調(diào)度Instatecommercialbanks,internalcapitalallocationshouldbeimproved.合理劃分貸款審批權(quán)限Limitsofauthorityforexaminingandapprovingloansshouldberationallydefined.保證有市場、有效益、守信用企業(yè)的流淌資金貸款ensurefloatingcapitalloansforwell-performingandtrustworthyenterpriseswhichturnouttherightproductsfortherightmarkets啟動民間投資attractinvestmentfromtheprivatesector適銷對路的產(chǎn)品therightproducts/readilymarketableproducts國有企業(yè)state-ownedenterprises(SOEs)集體企業(yè)collectively-owned(partnership)enterprises私營企業(yè)privatebusinesses民營企業(yè)privately-runbusinesses中小企業(yè)small-and-medium-sizedenterprises三資企業(yè)（中外合資、中外合作、外商獨資）overseas-investedenterprises;foreign-investedenterprises(Chinese-overseasequityjointventures,Chinese-overseascontractualjointventures,whollyforeign-ownedenterprises)存款保證金guarantymoneyfordeposits貨幣回籠withdrawalofcurrencyfromcirculation汲取游資absorbidlefund經(jīng)常性貸款commerciallending經(jīng)常性支出operatingexpenses再貸款re-lending;subloan支持國有大型企業(yè)和高新技術(shù)企業(yè)上市融資supportlargestate-ownedenterprisesandhighandinnovativetechnologycompaniesintheireffortstoseekfinancingbylistingonthestockmarket改制上市Anenterpriseisre-organizedaccordingtomoderncorporatesystemsothatitwillgetlistedonthestockmarket.進(jìn)一步規(guī)范和進(jìn)展證券市場furtherstandardizeanddevelopthesecuritiesmarket增加直接融資比重increasetheproportionofdirectfinancing完善股票發(fā)行上市制度improvethesystemforIPOandlistingonstockmarkets中國證監(jiān)會ChinaSecuritiesRegulatoryCommission(CSRC)深圳證券交易所市ShenzhenStockExchange上海證券交易所ShanghaiStockExchange綜合指數(shù)compositeindex納斯達(dá)克（高技術(shù)企業(yè)板）NASDAQ（NationalAssociationofSecuritiesDealersAutomatedQuotation主板市場themainboard通貨緊縮deflation中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)分三步走的戰(zhàn)略thethree-stepdevelopmentstrategyofChina’smodernizationdrive第一步，到1990年國民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻一番StepOne:GDPof1990doublesthatof1980.第二步，到2000年人均國民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻兩番，人民生活達(dá)到小康水平StepTwo:GDPof2000quadruplesthatof1980;peopleliveafairlycomfortablelife.第三步，到21世紀(jì)中期建國100周年時，達(dá)到中等發(fā)達(dá)國家水平StepThree:Bytheyear2049,the100thanniversaryoftheP.R.C.,China’slevelofdevelopmentisexpectedtobeonparwiththemid-rankingdevelopedcountries與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的聯(lián)系將更加緊密bemorecloselylinkedtotheworldeconomy中國巨大的市場潛力將逐步轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實的購買力ThehugemarketpotentialthatChinaenjoyswillbeturnedintotangiblepurchasingpower.適應(yīng)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)需要的法律法規(guī)體系還不夠健全Theregulatoryandlegalsystemisnotwellestablishedastoadapttothedemandofmarketeconomy.經(jīng)濟(jì)治理體制可能會出現(xiàn)一些不適應(yīng)Theeconomicmanagementsystemmaynotbereadilyadaptedtothechanges.一些行業(yè)和企業(yè)可能會受到?jīng)_擊Somesectorsofeconomyandsomebusinessesmaybeadverselyaffected.立足中國國情，發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢proceedfromnationalconditionsinChinaandbringouradvantagesintoplay揚長避短，趨利避害，迎接經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的挑戰(zhàn)fosterstrengthsandcircumventweaknessesandrisetothechallengeofeconomicglobalization瓶頸制約bottleneckconstraints放權(quán)讓利decentralizationandinterestconcessions(inlate1980sandearly1990s)深化改革intensifyreform;deepenone’scommitmenttoreform配套改革supporting(concomitant)reforms配套資金counterpartfunds;localfundingof提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益improveeconomicperformance;increaseeconomicreturns講求社會效益valuecontributiontosociety;payattentiontosocialeffect加速國民經(jīng)濟(jì)信息化developinformation-basedeconomyaccelerateITapplicationineconomy拉動經(jīng)濟(jì)增長fueleconomicgrowth利改稅substitutionoftaxpaymentforprofitdelivery費改稅transformadministrativefeesintotaxes債轉(zhuǎn)股debt-to-equityswap頭寸寬裕（頭寸緊缺）inaneasyposition(tightposition)朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè)sunriseindustry招標(biāo)投標(biāo)制thesystemofpublicbiddingforproject充分發(fā)揮貨幣政策的作用givefullplaytotheroleofmonetarypolicy實施積極的財政政策followapro-activefiscalpolicy向銀行增發(fā)國債，擴(kuò)大投資Thegovernmentissuedadditionaltreasurybondstobankstoincreaseinvestment.再注資recapitalization放松銀根toeasemonetarypolicy信息經(jīng)濟(jì)ITeconomy外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)export-orientedeconomy信息時代informationage全球化globalization（全球性globality）信譽風(fēng)險reputationalrisk風(fēng)險評級riskrating到期不還貸defaultonaloan資不抵債insolvency;beinsolvent亞洲金融危機Asianfinancialcrisis(1997-98)投資（貸款）組合investment(loan)portfolio外匯儲備充足sufficientforeignexchangereserves中國金融業(yè)問題problemswithfinancialsectorinChina儲蓄比例過高theexcessivelylargeproportionofsavingsinthemoneysupply國有企業(yè)產(chǎn)負(fù)債率過高h(yuǎn)ighleverageratioofthestate-ownedenterprises,國有獨資商業(yè)銀行不良資產(chǎn)比例過高h(yuǎn)ighratioofnon-performingloansofthestatecommercialbanks少數(shù)中小存款金融機構(gòu)不能支付到期債務(wù)insolvencyofahandfulofsmallandmedium-sizedfinancialinstitutions不良貸款non-performingloans防范和化解金融風(fēng)險addressfinancialrisks提高企業(yè)借貸和行使民事責(zé)任的能力improveenterprises’creditworthinessandabilitytofulfiltheircivilliabilities監(jiān)事會supervisoryboard實行慎重會計制度adoptprudentialaccountingstandards五級分類法劃分貸款質(zhì)量thefive-categoryassetclassificationapproach金融資產(chǎn)治理公司financialassetmanagementcompanies分離和收回不良資產(chǎn)substantiallyreducetheratioofnon-performingassets分業(yè)治理、規(guī)模經(jīng)營businesssegregation,economyofscale規(guī)范金融機構(gòu)市場退出制度improvethemarketexitmechanismforfinancialinstitutions政策性銀行statepolicy-relatedbank國家進(jìn)展銀行StateDevelopmentBank知識經(jīng)濟(jì)knowledge-basedeconomy網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)Internet-basednetworkedeconomy指導(dǎo)性打算guidanceplan社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)（中國）socialistmarketeconomy社會市場經(jīng)濟(jì)（德國）socialmarketeconomy新經(jīng)濟(jì)（美國）neweconomy中國光大銀行EverbrightBankofChina中國民聲銀行ChinaMinshengBankingCorporationLtd.中信實業(yè)銀行CITICIndustrialBank中國進(jìn)出口銀行ChinaEXIMBank匯豐銀行HongKongandShanghaiBankingCorporation(HKSBC)金融監(jiān)管financialsupervision中國人民銀行法LawofthePeople’sBankofChina商業(yè)銀行法LawofCommercialBanks保險法LawofInsurance證券法LawofSecurities巴塞爾原則BaselCorePrinciples監(jiān)管對象的行為有問題、治理機制不健全problemsofsupervisedentities’behaviorandtheunsoundinternalgovernancemechanism風(fēng)險意識consciousnessofriskprevention事前監(jiān)管proactiveregulationandsupervisionaccountnumber帳目編號depositor存戶pay-inslip存款單adepositform存款單abandingmachine自動存取機todeposit存款depositreceipt存款收據(jù)privatedeposits私人存款certificateofdeposit存單depositbook,passbook存折creditcard信用卡principal本金overdraft,overdraw透支tocountersign雙簽toendorse背書endorser背書人tocash兌現(xiàn)tohonoracheck兌付todishonoracheck拒付tosuspendpayment止付check支票checkbook支票本ordercheck記名支票bearercheck不記名支票crossedcheck橫線支票blankcheck空白支票rubbercheck空頭支票checkstub,counterfoil票根cashcheck現(xiàn)金支票traveler'scheck旅行支票checkfortransfer轉(zhuǎn)帳支票outstandingcheck未付支票canceledcheck已付支票forgedcheck偽支票Bandar'snote莊票，銀票banker銀行家president行長savingsbank儲蓄銀行ChaseBank大通銀行NationalCityBankofNewYork花旗銀行HongkongShanghaiBankingCorporation匯豐銀行CharteredBankofIndia,AustraliaandChina麥加利銀行BanquedeI'IndoChine東方匯理銀行centralbank,nationalbank,banker'sbank中央銀行bankofissue,bankofcirculation發(fā)行幣銀行commercialbank商業(yè)銀行，儲蓄信貸銀行memberbank,creditbank儲蓄信貸銀行discountbank貼現(xiàn)銀行exchangebank匯兌銀行requestingbank托付開證銀行issuingbank,openingbank開證銀行advisingbank,notifyingbank通知銀行negotiationbank議付銀行confirmingbank保兌銀行payingbank付款銀行associatebankerofcollection代收銀行consignedbankerofcollection托付銀行clearingbank清算銀行l(wèi)ocalbank本地銀行domesticbank國內(nèi)銀行overseasbank國外銀行unincorporatedbank鈔票莊branchbank銀行分行trusteesavingsbank信托儲蓄銀行trustcompany信托公司financialtrust金融信托公司unittrust信托投資公司trustinstitution銀行的信托部creditdepartment銀行的信用部commercialcreditcompany(discountcompany)商業(yè)信貸公司（貼現(xiàn)公司）neighborhoodsavingsbank,bankofdeposit街道儲蓄所creditunion合作銀行creditbureau商業(yè)興信所self-servicebank無人銀行l(wèi)andbank土地銀行constructionbank建設(shè)銀行industrialandcommercialbank工商銀行bankofcommunications交通銀行mutualsavingsbank互助儲蓄銀行postofficesavingsbank郵局儲蓄銀行mortgagebank,buildingsociety抵押銀行industrialbank實業(yè)銀行homeloanbank家宅貸款銀行reservebank預(yù)備銀行charteredbank特許銀行correspondingbank往來銀行merchantbank,acceptingbank承兌銀行investmentbank投資銀行importandexportbank(EXIMBANK)進(jìn)出口銀行jointventurebank合資銀行moneyshop,nativebank鈔票莊creditcooperatives信用社clearinghouse票據(jù)交換所publicaccounting公共會計businessaccounting商業(yè)會計costaccounting成本會計depreciationaccounting折舊會計computerizedaccounting電腦化會計generalledger總帳subsidiaryledger分戶帳cashbook現(xiàn)金出納帳cashaccount現(xiàn)金帳journal,day-book日記帳，流水帳baddebts壞帳investment投資surplus結(jié)余idlecapital游資economiccycle經(jīng)濟(jì)周期economicboom經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮economicrecession經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退economicdepression經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條economiccrisis經(jīng)濟(jì)危機economicrecovery經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇inflation通貨膨脹deflation通貨收縮devaluation貨幣貶值revaluation貨幣增值internationalbalanceofpayment國際收支favorablebalance順差adversebalance逆差hardcurrency硬通貨softcurrency軟通貨internationalmonetarysystem國際貨幣制度thepurchasingpowerofmoney貨幣購買力moneyincirculation貨幣流通量noteissue紙幣發(fā)行量nationalbudget國家預(yù)算nationalgrossproduct國民生產(chǎn)總值publicbond公債stock,share股票debenture債券treasurybill國庫券debtchain債務(wù)鏈directexchange直接（對角）套匯indirectexchange間接（三角）套匯crossrate,arbitragerate套匯匯率foreigncurrency(exchange)reserve外匯儲備foreignexchangefluctuation外匯波動foreignexchangecrisis外匯危機discount貼現(xiàn)discountrate,bankrate貼現(xiàn)率goldreserve黃金儲備money(financial)market金融市場stockexchange股票交易所broker經(jīng)紀(jì)人commission傭金bookkeeping簿記bookkeeper簿記員anapplicationform申請單bankstatement對帳單letterofcredit信用證strongroom,vault保險庫equitabletaxsystem等價稅則specimensignature簽字式樣bankinghours,businesshours營業(yè)時刻share,equity,stock股票、股權(quán)negotiableshare可流通股份treasury/governmentbond國庫券/政府債券closed-endsecuritiesinvestmentfund封閉式證券投