2019屆江蘇省南京市高三9月學情調(diào)研測試英語試題

頁頁第themandfoundthatthecriticismthattheyarepunishingthepoorestinunfounded.Expertsdidasurvey.Theylookedat13countries:Chile,Guatemala,Panama,Nicaragua,Albania,Poland,Turkey,Tajikistan,Tanzania,Niger,Nigeria,IndiaandTimor-Leste.Theyfoundthatwealthierfamiliesgenerallyspendmoreonalcohol,softdrinksandsnacks.InIndia,forinstance,wealthierhouseholdsspentseventimesmoreonalcoholandthreetimesmoreonsoftdrinksandsnackscomparedtopoorerhouseholds.Sothosehouseholdsenduppayingalargerproportionofanytax.Ontheotherhand,taxeshaveagreaterimpactonthesmallerhouseholdbudgetsofpoorerfamilies.Theyrespondbybuyingless,withgreaterbenefitsfortheirhealth.IntheUK,saytheauthors,theresponsetothepossibleintroductionofaminimumpriceforalcoholwasestimatedtobe7.6timeslargerinthepooresthouseholds,comparedwiththewealthiest.InMexico,theintroductionofasugarydrinkstaxresultedinanaverageof4.2litreslessofsoftdrinkspurchasedperperson,witha17%decreaseinpurchasesamonglowerincomegroupsandalmostnochangeinhigherincomegroups.InLebanon,theysay,a50%increaseinthepriceofcigaretteswouldleadtotwiceasmanypeoplequittingsmokinginpoorerhouseholdsaswealthyfamilies.“Theevidencesuggeststhatconcernsabouthighertaxesontobacco,alcohol,andsoftdrinksharmingthepoorareoverstated,”saidDr.RachelNugentfromRTIInternationalinSeattle,USA,andchairoftheLancetTaskforceonNCDsandeconomics.“Somedegreeoftaxationontobaccoiscommoninmanycountries,andwhilewearestartingtoseeprogressonalcoholtaxes,thereismuchmoregovernmentsshouldbedoing一inbothhighandlowincomecountries一toconsiderthecarefulintroductionoftaxesonotherunhealthyproductslikesoftdrinksandsnacks.Pricepoliciessuchastaxeswillbeakeypartoftheresponsetorisingratesofnon-communicablediseases（慢性非傳染?。盩heUKsugartaxisalevyonthemanufacturersof18pperlitrefordrinkscontaining5gofsugarper100mland24ponthosewith8gper100ml.Manycompanieshavereformulatedtheirproducts,oftenswappingartificialsweetenersforsugar.Some一likeCoca-Cola一havedecidedtosticktotheoriginalrecipeandthepricewillrise,althoughthebottlesandcanswillshrinktoreducetheimpact.38．Whatdoweknowaboutthe“sintaxes”?A．Theyreceivewarmwelcomeindevelopingcountries.B．Theyhelppeoplegetridofunhealthylifestyles.C．Theyhavethesameeffectsonthepoorandrich.D．Theyhaveadeeperinfluenceongroupswithhighincome.39．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheresponsesto“sintaxes”?A．Thepublichaveturnedadeafeartoit.B．Thegovernmenthasintroducedtaxesonsnacks.C．Manycompanieshaveraisedthepriceoftheirproducts.D．Coca-Colawillusesmallerpackagestocountertheimpacts.40.Theauthorsupporthisideasinthepassageby.A．givingexamplestellingstoriesanalyzingcausesandeffectsreasoningandconcludingCI'dbelyingifIsaidadog-likerobotopeningadoorforanotherdog-likerobotdoesn'tcreepmeout.Afulldiscussionofrobotdogsisforanotherday,butfornow,researchersstudyingthecognition（認知）andwelfareofrealdogshavealessthreateningviewofdogsandtechnology,particularlywhentouchscreensareinvolved.Likeyou,animalscanlearntointeractwiththecontentdisplayedontouchscreens,andtheirtouchrevealssomethingabouttheirchoice,whichinturnrevealssomethingabouttheirmind.Animalsbothonandofflandcanbetrainedtousetouchscreens—fromchimpanzeestodogs,cats,andevendolphins,amongothers.Touchscreenstudieshaveexploredhowandwhatdogscategorize,theirabilitytolearnbyexclusion（排除），andhowtheydiscriminatebetweendifferentimages.Anaddedbonusisthat,onceadoghasmasteredthetouchscreen,humanscanremovethemselvesfromthestudyandcan'tunconsciouslygivesignalstothedog.Researchersarenowposinganewsetofquestions:aretouchscreensbeneficialtotheuser?Cantouchscreensexercisethedog'smind,inadditiontoservingasawindowintoit?Nobetterplacetostartthanwitholderpetdogs,agroupfacingauniquesetofchallenges.Agingdogscanhavereducedphysicalactivitycomparedtotheiryoungercounterparts.Lessattentionisoftengiventotheirlearning,trainingandothermentalactivities;afterall,whohasn'theardthewrongproverb,“Youcan'tteachanolddognewtricks."Butdogmindsarenotmeanttobeinactive.Instead,“studiespointtothefactthatagingseemstobeslowedbymentalandphysicalstimulation,andthusstoppingtheseactivitiesmightactuallyleadtofasteragingindogs.”LisaWallisandcolleaguesattheSeniorFamilyDogProjectatELTEUniversityinBudapestareexploringtheeffectsoftouchscreensondogphysiological,behavioral,andcognitivewell-being.Theirrecentconferencepapergivesusalookathowdogslearntousethetouchscreenandthedirectionoffutureresearch.Overthecourseofanumberofsessions,dogslearnedthatwhentheynose-touchaparticularimageonthescreen,afoodtreatpopsout.Atfirst,onlyasingleimageappearsonthescreen.Oncethedogsreliablylearntonose-touchtheimage,theymoveontodiscriminationtrainingwheretwoimagesappeartogetherandonlyoneimageis“correct.”O(jiān)nlytwooutofonehundredthirtydogswereunabletograspthetask,andthreedisplayedfrustrationsuggestingtouchscreensarewithinthecapacityofthemajorityofseniordogs.Wallisandcolleagueswillcontinueinvestigatinglong-termeffectsoftouchscreenuse,butitseemspromising.“Thepositiveassociationtothetouchscreenissostrongthatonseveraloccasionswhenthedogwasalone(thetrainerhadsteppedouttoanswerthephone),andthefeederfailed,dogscontinuedtoworkonthetouchscreenwithnorewarduntiltheendofthesession.”O(jiān)wners,eventhoseinitiallyskeptical,wereimpressedbythestrategiestheirdogsused.Theyalsoobservedthatdogssleptsoundlyuponreturninghomefromtouchscreensessions,highlightingthatmentalactivitycanhavesomeofthesameeffectsasphysicalexercise.Furtherstudieswillexploretheeffectsoflong-termtouchscreenuseondogpersonality,activitylevels,measuresofwell-being,andinfluenceonthedog-humanbond.Staytuned.41．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Animalscandecidethecontentshownontouchscreens.B．Animalsnaturallyhavetheabilitytousetouchscreens.C．Peoplecandiscriminatebetweendogs'abilitiesbyexclusion.D．Peoplecantelldogs'needsthroughtheirtouchonthescreen.Byusingtheproverbinparagraph4,theauthorintendstostressA．a(chǎn)gingdogsaretoooldtolearnnewskillagingdogsexperienceadeclineinenergytrainingyoungerdogsismoreproductivetrainingagingdogsispossibleandbeneficialWhatisrevealedbytheresearchconductedbyLisaWallis?Thedogsmasterthetouchscreenusestepbystep.RewardsareamustfordogstofinishthesessionThedogsregardnose-touchasaformofphysicalexercise.D．Itremainstobeseenwhetherithasapositiveeffectondogs.44．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Howrobotdogshavethreatenedtheworld.B．Howpeopleestablishbetterdog-humanbonds.C．Howtouchscreenscanbeemployedtotraindogs.D．Howlong-heldmythsaboutdogsmisleadpeople.DOnebyone,prejudicesaredisappearingintheWest.Peoplemayharbourprivatesuspicionsthatotherpeople'sraceorsexmakestheminferior—buttosaysoopenlyistotallytaboo.Oneoldprejudiceremainsrespectable,though.Justaskachildlessperson.Theyarenotchargedtospecialtaxes,astheywereinSovietRussia;noraretheydrivenfromtheirhomes,astheystillareinsomepoorcountries.Thechildlessnonethelesscomeinforalotofcriticism.Somepointoutthatnon-parentsarefailingtoproducethefutureworkerswhowillpayfortheirpensions.Childlesspoliticiansarechargedwithnothavingaproperstake（利害關(guān)系）insociety.“Hetalkstousaboutthefuture,buthedoesn'thavechildren!”complainedJean-MarieLePen,co-founderoftheNationalFrontparty,ofEmmanuelMacron,whowentontowintheFrenchpresidency.SimilarattacksonTheresaMayandAngelaMerkelalsofailed—butresearchersfindthatmanyvotersquietlyagree.Thechargesagainstthechildlessshouldbethrownout,alongwithothersocialprejudice.Inmanyrichcountries,between15%and20%ofwomen,andaslightlyhigherproportionofmen,willnothavechildren.Theshareisrising.Somehavemedicalproblems;othersdonotmeettherightpersonintime;stillothersdecidetheydonotwantthem.Whateverthecause,theattacksonthechildlessarebaseless.Ifnon-breedersareselfish,theyhaveastrangewayofshowingit.Theyaremorelikelytosetupcharitablefoundationsthanpeoplewithchildren,andmuchmorelikelytodonatemoneytogoodcauses.AccordingtooneAmericanestimate,themerefactofnothavingchildrenraisestheamountapersonleavestocharitybyalittleover$10,000.Thechildlessarethusasmallbutusefulcounterweighttotheworld'sparents,whostopsocialimmobilitybypassingontheirsocialandeconomicadvantagestotheirchildren.Thefactthatsomanyseniorpoliticianslackoffspring（子孫）oughttoputtoresttheideathattheydonotcareforsociety.FiveoftheG7countriesareledbychildlessmenandwomen.Mr.Macron,Mrs.May,Mrs.Merkel,ShinzoAbeandPaoloGentilonihavetheirfaults,buttheyarenotnotablylessablethanJustinTrudeau（whohasthreechildren）letaloneDonaldTrump（whohasfive）.Theiropportunitiesfornepotism（裙帶關(guān)系）arelimited.Andtheysparetheircountriesdynasticpolitics.Thechargethatchildlesspeoplefailtopulltheirweightinpopulationiscorrect,butislessseriousthanitappears.Thosewhodonothavechildrendoputpressureonpublicpensionsystems.Governmentshavetodounpopularthingslikemakingpensionslessgenerous,asJapanhasdone,oracceptingmoreimmigrants,assomeWesterncountrieshavedone.Buttosustain（維持）publicpensionsinthelongterm,countriesdonotactuallyneedmoreparents.Whattheyneedinsteadismorebabies.Itispossibletocombineahighrateofchildlessnesswithahighbirthrate,providedpeoplewhobecomeparentshavemorethanoneortwochildren.ThatwasthepatterninmanyWesterncountriesacenturyago.Ireland,yetanothercountrywithachildlessleader,stillmanagesittoday.Thechildlessalsodoeveryoneelseafavourbycreatingwonderfulworksofart.Britishnovelistshavebeenespeciallylikelytohavenooffspring:thinkofHilaryMantel,P.G.WodehouseandtheBrontesisters.InSeptemberlastyearBritainputJaneAustenonitsten-poundnote.Thatdecisionhaswascontroversial,thoughitwashardtoseewhy.Fewpeoplehavewrittenasshrewdly（出神入化）aboutmoneyoraboutfamilies—eventhoughAustendidnotmarry,andhadnochildren.45．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?A．Thechildlessoftengetpunishedinsociety.B．Thechildlessoftencomeundersharpcriticism.C．MostsuccessfulpoliticianshavenochildrenD．Childlessnessaffectstheresultofanelection.Thechildlessareprejudicedbecausepeoplethinkthechildless.A．haveastrangewaytoshowselfishnesssetabadexampleforyoungpeoplearenotasableasthosewithchildrenarethegovernment'sfinancialburdenWhatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph6referto?Acceptingmoreimmigrants.Reducingthepensionsfortheaged.Encouragingparentstohavemorechildren.Supportingthepoliticalleaderswithnochildren.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthechildless?UnderstandingB.SkepticalC.DisappointedD.ReservedWhichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?①to⑦representParagraphs1to7）i-J-Bi-J-B.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?IndefenceofthechildlessInhopeofhavingachildornotReasonsfornothavingchildrenMeasurestoaddressagingproblems第II卷（非選擇題）四、任務型閱讀請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：請將答案謝在答題紙上相應題號的橫線上，每個空格只填一個單詞。Hearingloss,that'sanolderperson'sproblem,right?Thinkagain.Noise,notage,istheleadingcauseofhearingloss.Whilehearingproblemsarecommonamongolderfolks,damagefromeverydaynoiseisgrowingamongyoungerAmericans,includingthoseintheirteensand20s.ThelatestresearchfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention（CDCP）showssome40millionAmericansages20to69sufferinghearingdamagefromeverydayloudnoise,includingheavytraffic,noisyrestaurants,rockconcerts,sportingeventsandloudmusicviaearbuds（耳塞）.Among12-to19-year-olds,researchersestimatesome17percentshowevidenceofnoise-inducedhearinglossinoneorbothears.Worse,manyAmericansdon'tevenrealizetheirhearinghasbeenaffected.IntheCDCP'sanalysisofmorethan3,500hearingtests,oneoutoffouradultsclaimedtheirhearingwasjustfineandreportednojob-relatednoise,yethearingtestsindicatedtheyalreadyhadnoise-inducedhearingloss.Thistypeofdamagecausesaalarmingdropintheabilitytohearhigh-pitchedsounds,anditwasevidentinthoseasyoungas20.“Wehavegovernmentstandardsintheworkplacetoprotectworkersfromnoise,butnothingprotectsyoufromasocietygettingnoisiereveryyear,”saysaudiologistJackScott,oftheCenterforAudiology,Speech,Language,andLearningatNorthwesternUniversity.Eveninprotectedparksandwildlifeareas,arecentstudyfoundthatnoisepollutionfromtraffic,logginganddrillinghasdoubled,drowningoutthenaturalsoundsofbirdsandrushingwater.SarahSydlowski,theaudiologydirectorofthehearingimplantprogramattheClevelandClinic,putstheproblemthisway:“Thebabyboomergenerationisdealingwithskincancerfromthetanningtheydidasteens.Thisgenerationwillhavetodealwiththeconsequencesofnoiseexposurethatdamagedtheirhearing.”Manyyoungadultsdon'trealizethathearinglossispermanent.Whenloudnoisekillsthesensitiveinner-earcellsthatallowustohear,theydon'tregenerate.“Thehearingyouhavewhenyou'rebornisallyouget.Thosecellscan'tbereplaced,”saysSydlowskisays.“Andthedamageiscumulative(累積的),”addsScott.Themoreoftentheearsareexposedtodamagingnoise,themorecellsdie,leadingtodamagedhearingdaybyday.Partofthereasonhearingdamageisshowingupearlieristoday'simprovedportabledevices.Thesoundlevel28yearsagofromtheWalkman,withitsweakheadphones,wasmuchlowerthantoday'shigh-fidelitysmartphoneswithearbudsthatdeliverloudersoundmuchclosertotheeardrum.Astudythatcomparedhearingtestsofteensfoundthelevelsofmildhearinglossjumped30percent.Butdon'tjustblametheearbuds,saysSydlowski.Peopleunderestimatewhatasafelevelofsoundis,“especiallywhenthey'realreadyinanoisyenvironment.”BothsheandScottsayacommonproblemamongtheiryoungerpatientsisturningupthesoundintheirearbudstomaskthenoisearoundthem.Toprotectyourhearing,followthesetips:Turndownthevolume.Ifyou'relisteningtomusicthroughyourearbuds,“anyvolumelevelhigherthan50percentisrisky,”saysSydlowki.Limityourexposure.Donotattendfitnessclasseswithdeafeningmusic(oratleastmoveawayfromthespeakers,advisesSydlowski)andsportsstadiumswithear-splittingcrowdnoise.

Till武TroubledbyHearingLossCurrentItisexposuretonoise=insteadofasingthat.tohearinsloss.Thereisa.3thatmoreandmoreyoungpeoplearesufferinghearingloss.Findingsofthelatestresearc±LkenEger眞xged12to193業(yè)icwsymptom百ofpoorhearing—ManyAmericanadultsare4thattheydosufferfromhearinglosscausedbyjob-relatednoise=.OpinionsfromspecialistsJadeScottPeoplecanhardlyset5v^ienfacedwithworseningnoisepollution.Natui-alsoundscarTtbe.6becauseofdoublednoise.SarahSy<Hoxv±iInner-earcells.7ustohear.canTtbereproduoed.Moreover,hearingdatmgewillaccumulategradually.AnalvsesofreasonsHisliciualitYearbudsjtcKfor<feliver^rofloudersound.Ignorantofa.safelevelofsound,listenerswilltumupthevolumetoma^knoisesurroundinsthem,9evenmoredamage.Approadi^stoprotectinghearingLowingyouivolumetoaproperlevel.10places,withear-splittingerod'dnoise.五、讀寫任務請認真閱讀下面有關(guān)有聲讀物”(audiobooks)的圖表及相關(guān)文字，并按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章。Anaudiobookisarecordingofatextbeingread.Audiobooksareconsideredavaluabletool.Digitalinnovationisn'tjustchangingthewayaudiobooksarecreated,packagedandsold.It'sstartingtoreshapethewayreadersconsumeliterature.Likemanyyoungpeople,TonyChou,a25-year-oldsoftwareengineerinShanghai,neverusedtoreadmuch.Hebarelycrackedabookincollegeandwouldreadoneortwoayearonvacation,atmost.Butinthepastyear,he'sfinished10books.HelistenstoaudioinpiecesthroughoutthedayonhisiPhoneduringhismorningworkout,onhis20-minute-triptowork,andwhilehe'scookingdinnerorcleaningup.Beforehefallsasleep,heswitchestoane-bookofthesamestoryonhisKindle,andstartsreadingrightwherethenarratorleftoff.有聲瀆物的市場規(guī)模（寫作內(nèi)容）用約30個單詞概述上述信息的主要內(nèi)容；閱讀有聲讀物受歡迎的原因（不少于兩點）；3?聯(lián)系實際，談談你愿意讀傳統(tǒng)讀物還是有聲讀物，并簡述理由。（寫作要求）1?寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句；2?作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱；不必寫標題。（評分標準）內(nèi)容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當。2019屆江蘇南京高三零模學情調(diào)研英語答案1．A【解析】考查非謂語動詞。由題干可知，改題只需判斷動作與謂語的先后關(guān)系：有著薰衣草花海的迷人風貌，谷里變成了南京著名的旅游景點。由此可知，表述一般的情況，BC表示將來，D表示已經(jīng)，只有A表示一般情況，故選A。2．C【解析】考查動詞短語的辨析。根據(jù)句意：剛剛我撞見了TayorSwift（著名歌手），我有點激動（失去控制力）。A.Givenup放棄；B.havetheirhandsup舉起手來；C.carriedaway拿走，失去自制力；D.drivenaway趕走，離開。故選Co3．D【解析】考查諺語辨析。句意：西班牙國家足球隊是如此卓越以致于能夠把我們打敗。A.gettheirhandsdirty親自動手；B.havetheirhandsfull忙的不可開交；C.laytheirhandsonus找到某人或某物；D.beatushandsdown打敗某人。故選D。4．A【解析】考查動詞辨析。句意：多么幸運呀！斯皮爾伯格（美國著名導演，的下一部電影中獲得主演的角色。A.landed著陸；B.lost失去；C.arranged安排；D.accepted接受。故選A。5．B【解析】考查介詞短語的辨析。句意：根據(jù)他們對待家養(yǎng)動物的方式。A.inneedof需要；B.inviewof以看來，考慮到；C.insearchof尋找；D.infavourof支持。故選B。6．D【解析】考查定語從句。首先根據(jù)選項內(nèi)容初步判斷為三大從句之名從或定從，橫線引導從句，主句不缺成分：定從或同位語。顧后：定從中不缺成分找關(guān)系副詞，排除A與C。瞻前：先行詞是aculture，抽象地點名詞，因此選D。句意：這個公司需要創(chuàng)造一種文化，在這種文化中，人們認為忙里偷閑也是可以的。故選D。7．C【解析】考查形容詞以及短語辨析。句意：如果我們僅僅專注于我們未來想成為的樣子，我們可能會對沿途的機會視而不見。A.beequalto等于，勝任；B.becloseto靠近，接近；C.beblindto對不了解；D.beopento對開放。故選C。8．D【解析】考查副詞的辨析。句意：你說你是無辜的，但是我們也有充足的理由在其他方面作考慮。A.twice兩次，兩倍；B.over結(jié)束，越過；C.aloud大聲地；D.otherwise否則，另外。故選D。9．B【解析】考查名詞。句意：北京的網(wǎng)站是中國園林設計創(chuàng)意藝術(shù)的杰出表現(xiàn)。A.distinction區(qū)別；B.expression表情；C.inspiration靈感；D.evaluation評估。故選B。10．A【解析】考查動詞。句意：公司開始在倫敦增加專輯的銷量。A.expanding擴大；B.exploring探索；C.exporting出口；D.expecting期盼。故選A。11．A【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：看到北京2022年如何利用其潛力最大限度地利用現(xiàn)有場館，這是非常令人鼓舞的。A.how如何，怎樣；B.why為什么；C.when什么時候；D.whether是否。故選A.12．D【解析】考查過去完成時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。句意：威爾斯先生被扶上了講臺，接受了這個獎項，他看起來就像是被閃電擊中了一樣。此處asif（好像）引導方式狀語從句，用虛擬語氣，與過去的事實相反，用過去完成時態(tài),且主語he和strike之間是被動關(guān)系，故答案為D。13．B【解析】考查連詞。句意：經(jīng)過40年的改革開放，中國在成為“發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體”之前還有很長的路要走。A.until直到為止；B.before在之前；C.after在之后；D.unless除非。故選B。14．C【解析】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：上海合作組織的成立，已經(jīng)得到了廣泛的認可和贊譽，旨在建立友好的國際關(guān)系。此處which引導定語從句，ThefoundingofShanghaiCooperationOrganization是主語，單數(shù)第三人稱形式，結(jié)合句意定語從句用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，故選Co15．C【解析】考查情景交際。句意：——看這樣一場無聊的比賽真是浪費時間！——我也這么認為。為什么不換臺呢？A.It'snobigdeal沒什么了不起的；B.Withyourpermission未經(jīng)許可；C.Myfeelingsexactly我也這么認為；D.You'vegottobekidding你一定是在開玩笑吧。故選C。16．B17．A18．D19．A20．B21．A22．B23．D24．C25．A26．C27．A28．C29．B30．D31．C32．D33．B34．A35．C【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。野花在山上的草地上是大自然的饋贈，主人公小時候就在大自然的陪伴下找到快樂，現(xiàn)在長大上了大學，在大學里又一次找到了大自然的快樂。主人公說服總統(tǒng)去提出高速公路美化倡議。因此每當我們在高速公路上旅行的時候，都能看到路邊美麗的風景，這點亮了我們的旅行?？疾槊~。A.streets街道；B.highways高速公路；C.roads公路；D.lanes線路。根據(jù)后文倒數(shù)第三段可知，這些野花還盛開在高速公路的兩邊。故選B?？疾槊~。A.helper幫助者；B.discoverer發(fā)現(xiàn)者；C.creator創(chuàng)造者；D.protector保護器。根據(jù)后文可知，主人公幫助大自然讓這些野花盛開。故選A?？疾槊~oA.liberty自由;B.traffic交通;C.justice正義;D.beauty美麗。根據(jù)后文倒數(shù)第三段中“AmericatheBeautiful”可知本空應該是“美”，故選D。考查形容詞。A.lonely孤獨的，荒涼的；B.exciting令人興奮的；C.happy高興的；D.disappointed失望的。根據(jù)后文描述，主人公媽媽去世，爸爸忙于上班，哥哥在外地求學，只剩下主人公一個人，很孤獨。故選A。考查動詞。A.wasted浪費；B.spent花費，度過；C.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.killed殺死。主人公的爸爸整日忙于上班，固定搭配：sb.spendtimesth./doingsth.故選B。考查連詞。根據(jù)后文描述，主人公媽媽去世，爸爸忙于上班，哥哥在外地求學，只剩下主人公一個人很孤獨。因此只能把自己的孤獨向大自然排遣，尋求大自然的陪伴。故選Ao考查名詞。A.aid援助；B.company公司；C.rescue營救；D.happiness高興。根據(jù)小題6的解析，可知主人公很孤獨，只能尋求大自然的陪伴。故選Bo考查動詞。A.ignored忽視；B.scared使害怕；C.troubled使煩惱；D.failed失敗。Sth.failsb.某事使某人失敗。故選D。考查副詞。A.Absolutely絕對地；B.Naturally自然地；C.Again又，再；D.Often經(jīng)常。根據(jù)前文可知，主人公小時候就在大自然的陪伴下找到快樂，現(xiàn)在長大上了大學，在大學里又一次找到了大自然的快樂。故選C。考查名詞。A.date日期；B.try嘗試；C.vote投票；D.appearance外貌。propose意為求婚，date意為約會，在他們第一次約會就求婚了，故選A。C考查動詞。A.shapes使成形；B.serves服務；C.selects選擇；D.supports支持。根據(jù)后文，主人公說這個唯一的男人選擇了第一夫人。故選Co考查形容詞。A.unlikely不太可能的；B.unnecessary不必要的；C.unusual不尋常的；D.uncertain不確定的。當這個男人求婚的時候，他不可能想到這個女人就是后來的第一夫人，很多學生會誤選D項uncertain，根據(jù)我們剛才的分析，把這句話翻譯成中文自然意思就明了了。故選A?？疾樾稳菰~。A.sudden突然的；B.complete完整的；C.gradual逐漸的；D.final最后的。由于土地發(fā)展和污染，’“AmericatheBeautiful”正在逐漸消失，故選C?？疾閯釉~。A.warned警告；B.persuade規(guī)勸；C.forced強迫；D.ordered命令。persuadesb.todosth.主人公說服總統(tǒng)去提出高速公路美化倡議。故選Bo考查動詞。A.lengthen加長；B.widen加寬；C.monitor監(jiān)控；D.landscape對做景觀美化。Landscape名詞做動詞，意為美化，故選Do考查動詞詞組。A.letout放出，泄露；B.foundout找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.pointedout指出；D.figuredout解決，想出。根據(jù)本句句意，主人公指出后面的的觀點，故選C?？疾閯釉~。A.visited拜訪；B.left離開；C.passed通過；D.crossed交叉。這里運用了擬人的說法，野花比如蒲公英可以通過粘在火車車輪上，甚至是躲在孩子們的口袋里，傳播遍及整個國家。此題不少同學會選A，visit意為參觀，本句重點強調(diào)野花可以通過各種日常生活中的媒介傳播遍及整個國家。故選D?？疾楦痹~。A.then然后；B.even甚至；C.yet已經(jīng)；D.still仍然。這里運用了擬人的說法，野花比如蒲公英可以通過粘在火車車輪上，甚至是躲在孩子們的口袋里，傳播遍及整個國家。故選B?？疾槊~。A.wildflowers野花；B.wagons手推車；C.roadsides路邊；D.travels旅行。主旨題，根據(jù)全文可知此空為wildflowers，故選A。考查動詞。A.decide決定；B.guide引導；C.brighten使閃亮；D.shorten縮短。根據(jù)全文可知，主人公說服總統(tǒng)去提出高速公路美化倡議，因此每當我們在高速公路上旅行的時候，都能看到路邊美麗的風景，這點亮了我們的旅行。故選Co【點睛】完形填空的解題技巧之一就是要根據(jù)上下文來學會“推理”出最佳選項。同學們要遵循“上下求索”的原則來查找信息。本題第3小題，根據(jù)后文倒數(shù)第三段中“AmericatheBeautiful”可知本空應該是“美”。CD【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是美國人民的食物缺乏情況。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中18.7%ofMississippipiansarefoodinsecure(Highestrateofallstates)可知，在美國所有的州中，密西西比州的糧食不安全狀況最為嚴重。故選Co主旨大意題。文章主要講的是美國人民的食物缺乏情況，表格右側(cè)一列和最后一行都在呼吁人們?yōu)榻鉀Q食物缺乏做出一些貢獻，故選DoA選項說的是警告；B選項是幫助貧苦人民脫離貧困；C選項說的是通知，均不符合題意。TOC\o"1-5"\h\zBDA【解析】本文是一篇議論文。這篇文章在論述的是：增加某些垃圾食品的稅收可以幫助人們改掉一些不好的生活習慣。細節(jié)理解題。對每個選項的內(nèi)容進行對比。根據(jù)第三段第一句Ontheotherhand,taxeshaveagreaterimpactonthesmallerhouseholdbudgetsofpoorerfamilies.Theyrespondbybuyingless,withgreaterbenefitsfortheirhealth?根據(jù)本句提示可知在一些收入較低家庭，這個稅收幫助他們減少垃圾食品的購買，從而保護了自身健康；而人們之所以拒絕購買是因為稅收提高迫使他們這么做，易錯點A選項warmwelcome則表示人們是自覺自愿地去拒絕，因此錯誤；而C和D根據(jù)本句也可以排除。故選Bo細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第1小題及文章，人們對此是有相應的行為變化的，人們減少了這些食品的購買，所以排除；B選項根據(jù)第二段，某些國家只是將taxesonsugarydrinks介紹進他們的國家，B選項以偏概全；C選項錯在haveraised，文章中只是講到作者在調(diào)查稅收提高對國家的影響，文章中并沒有明確指出國家增加商品價格；D選項定位到原文的最后一段最后一句中，故選Do作者觀點題。文章作者提出自己的觀點，增加某些垃圾食品的稅收可以幫助人們改掉一些不好的生活習慣，后文中的分段都是在論證自己的觀點，因此答案選擇A(作者通過舉例子的方法論證)。DD43．A44．C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述的是“如何使用觸摸屏來訓練狗狗?！奔毠?jié)理解題?？梢圆捎门懦ㄈプ?。A選項decide明顯不對，動物不能決定觸摸屏上出現(xiàn)的東西；B選項naturally不對，根據(jù)第二段第三行trained可知，動物的這種觸屏能力不是天生的；C選項人們可以用排除法來區(qū)分狗的能力與原文中theirabilitytolearnbyExclusion信息不符合；D選項人們可以通過動物的觸屏行為來了解他們的需求可以在第二段開頭Likeyou,animalscanlearntointeractwiththecontentdisplayedontouchscreens,andtheirtouchrevealssomethingabouttheirchoice,whichinturnrevealssomethingabouttheirmind.中得到印證。故選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中“studiespointtothefactthatagingseemstobeslowedbymentalandphysicalstimulation,andthusstoppingtheseactivitiesmightactuallyleadtofasteragingindogs."腦力和體力上的刺激能夠延緩衰老，因此訓練的過程對于老狗來說是有益的且也是可能的。故選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段中Atfirst,onlyasingleimageappearsonthescreen.Oncethedogsreliablylearntonose-touchtheimage,theymoveontodiscriminationtrainingwheretwoimagesappeartogetherandonlyoneimageis“correct.”能夠判斷出研究者在屏幕上放一張圖像，而后又放兩張圖像讓狗判斷正誤。由此可以推斷出研究者是循序漸進地讓狗掌握觸屏使用。根據(jù)第七段第四行中withnorewarduntiltheendofthesession.可以排除B答案；根據(jù)第七段最后一行中mentalactivitycanhavesomeofthesameeffectsasphysicalexercise.可以排除C答案；根據(jù)第七段第二行可以排除D。故選A。主旨大意題。抓住本文的兩個關(guān)鍵點“狗和觸屏”可以直接選出C答案。根據(jù)全文及最后一段中的Furtherstudieswillexploretheeffectsoflong-termtouchscreenuseondog可以判斷出C答案。A/B/D基本與原文沒有關(guān)系。故選C?！军c睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段開頭再看全文找主題句，若無明顯主題句，就通過關(guān)鍵詞句來概括（如議論文中尋找表達作者觀點態(tài)度的詞句，記敘文尋找概括情節(jié)和中心的動詞或反映人物特點的形容詞）。文中出現(xiàn)兩種或兩種以上的不同觀點時，務必牢記作者的觀點才是體現(xiàn)全文中心的。本題第4小題，抓住本文的兩個關(guān)鍵點“狗和觸屏”可以直接選出C答案。根據(jù)全文及最后一段中的Furtherstudieswillexploretheeffectsoflong-termtouchscreenuseondog可以判斷出C答案。A/B/D基本與原文沒有關(guān)系。TOC\o"1-5"\h\zBDCABA【解析】本文是一篇議論文。主要描述的是丁克一族在社會上受到的一些偏見和批判，并為無子女的人辯護。段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段第2、3行可知，這一段主要描述的是丁克一族在社會上受到的一些偏見和批判。A選項的語言過度夸大了這種現(xiàn)象；C、D選項只是這一段當中提到的某個方面，并不能概括這一段的內(nèi)容。故選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三行和第六段第二行可知，丁克一族沒有子女為他們支付養(yǎng)老金，從而增加了政府的經(jīng)濟負擔，因此D項符合題意。A項位于文章第四段的第一句，只是一種假設，與文章主旨相矛盾；B項并未在文章中提及；第四段最后一句話和第五、七段的舉例說明丁克一族在某些方面不遜色于尋常父母，甚至比他們更優(yōu)秀，所以C項不正確，故選D。詞義指代題。愛爾蘭的領導人雖然是丁克，但是這個國家卻把it運用的很好。通過it所在的句子位置可知it所指代的內(nèi)容在前文中，因此鎖定范圍Itispossibleacenturyago.前文中的pattern指的就是將高的丁克率和高出生率相結(jié)合，鼓勵父母多生育。故選Co48．推理判斷題。通過第三段的第一句話和最后一段的第一句話作者認為社會對于丁克一族的指控和偏見應該被消除，而且他們對社會的貢獻是客觀存在的，因此可以判斷作者對于丁克一族的態(tài)度是理解體諒的。故選Ao宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章1、2兩段描述的是丁克一族受到偏見的社會現(xiàn)象，第3段是作者對這一現(xiàn)象的看法，第4、5、6、7段當中，作者分別通過丁克一族在慈善、政治能力、人口增長、藝術(shù)貢獻方面的作用舉例論證。故選Bo主旨題。根據(jù)第5小題文章的結(jié)構(gòu)可以推斷出，作者是在為受到偏見的丁克一族做辯護，并舉例進行論證。C選項的表述過于片面；B/D偏離主旨。故選Ao【點睛】代詞指代題要求同學們根據(jù)語境的邏輯關(guān)系、判斷畫線的人稱代詞或指示代詞在文章中指代的對象，包括考查it（指動物，無生命的事物、特定的事件或人），they/them（指代人、物、事件的復數(shù)名詞），he/she等人稱代詞的指代意義，以及指示代詞this，that，these，those等在文章中的指代意義，考查同學們對文章