1997年考研英語(yǔ)真題及解析

年攻讀入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試PartⅠClozeForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(10points)ManpowerInc.,with560000workers,istheworld’slargesttemporaryemploymentagency.Everymorning,itspeople1intotheofficesandfactoriesofAmerica,seekingaday’sworkforaday’spay.Onedayatatime.2industrialgiantslikeGeneralMotorsandIBMstruggletosurvive3reducingthenumberofemployees,Manpower,basedinMilwaukee,Wisconsin,isbooming. itseconomycontinuestorecover,theUSisincreasingly inganationofpart-timersandtemporaryworkers.This“5”workforceisthemostimportant6inAmericanbusinesstoday,anditis7changingtherelationshipbetweenpeopleandtheirjobs.Thephenomenonprovidesawayforcompaniestoremainglobally 8avoidingmarketcyclesandthegrowingburdens byemploymentrules,healthcareandpensionplans.Forworkersitcanmeananendtothesecurity,benefitsandsenseof thatcamefrombeingaloyalemployee.EvenNowIfProvided［A］ ［B］conviction［C］ ［D］PartⅡReadingEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked［B］,［C］and［D］.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(40points)PassageItwas3:45inthemorningwhenthevotewasfinallytaken.Aftersixmonthsofarguingandfinal16hoursofhotparliamentarydebates,Australia’sNorthernTerritorybecamethefirstlegalauthorityintheworldtoallowdoctorstotakethelivesofincurablyillpatientswhowishtodie.Themeasurepassedbytheconvincingvoteof15to10.AlmostimmediaywordflashedontheInternetandwaspickedup,halfaworldaway,byJohnHofsess,executivedirectoroftheRighttoDieSocietyofCanada.Hesentitonviathegroup’son-lineservice,DeathNET.SaysHofsess:“Wepostedbulletinsalldaylong,becauseofcoursethisisn’tjustsomethingthathappenedinAustralia.It’sworldhistory.”Thefullimportmaytakeawhiletosinkin.TheNTRightsoftheTerminallyIlllawhasleftphysiciansandcitizensaliketryingtodealwithitsmoralandpracticalimplications.Somehavebreathedsighsofrelief,others,includingchurches,right-to-lifegroupsandtheAustralianMedicalAssociation,bitterlyattackedthebillandthehasteofitspassage.Butthetideisunlikelytoturnback.InAustralia—whereanagingpopulation,life-extendingtechnologyandchangingcommunityattitudeshaveallplayedtheirpart—otherstatesaregoingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia.IntheUSandCanada,wheretheright-to-diemovementisgatheringstrength,observersarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling.UnderthenewNorthernTerritorylaw,anadultpatientcanrequestdeath—probablybyadeadlyinjectionorpill—toputanendtosuffering.Thepatientmustbediagnosedasterminallyillbytwodoctors.Aftera“coolingoff”periodofsevendays,thepatientcansigna ofrequest.After48hoursthewishfordeathcanbemet.ForLloydNickson,a54-year-oldDarwinresidentsufferingfromlungcancer,theNTRightsofTerminallyIlllawmeanshecangetonwithlivingwithoutthehauntingfearofhissuffering:aterrifyingdeathfromhisbreathingcondition.“I’mnotafraidofdyingfromaspiritualpointofview,butwhatIwasafraidofwashowI’dgo,becauseI’vewatchedpeopledieinthehospitalfightingforoxygenandclawingattheirmasks,”hesays.Fromthesecondparagraphwelearn ［A］theobjectiontoeuthanasiaisslowtocomeinother［B］physiciansandcitizenssharethesameviewon［C］changingtechnologyischieflyresponsibleforthehastypassageofthe［D］ittakestimetorealizethesignificanceofthelaw’sWhentheauthorsaysthatobserversarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling,he ［A］observersaretakingawait-and-seeattitudetowardsthefutureof［B］similarbillsarelikelytobepassedintheUS,Canadaandother［C］observersarewaitingtoseetheresultofthegameof［D］theeffect-takingprocessofthepassedbillmayfinallycometoaWhenLloydNicksondies,he ［A］facehisdeathwithcalmcharacteristicof［B］experiencethesufferingofalungcancer［C］haveanintensefearofterrible［D］undergoacoolingoffperiodofsevenTheauthor’sattitudetowardseuthanasiaseemstobethat ［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］PassageAreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendly,courteous,andhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.Tobefair,thisobservationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadians,andshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereare,ofcourse,exceptions.Small-mindedofficials,rudewaiters,andill-manneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheUS.YetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservesForalongperiodoftimeandinmanypartsofthecountry,atravelerwas ebreakinandullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswere esourcesofdiversion,andbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld.Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.Someonetravelingalone,ifhungry,injured,orill,oftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement.Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.Itreflectedtheharshnessofdailylife:ifyoudidn’ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareofhim,therewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomeday,remember,youmightbeinthesamesituation.Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationswhichspecializeinhelthewearytraveler.Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUS,especiallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails.“Iwasjusttravelingthrough,gottalkingwiththisAmerican,andprettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner—amazing.”SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenot mon,butarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificial,butastheresultofahistoricallydevelopedculturaltradition.Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignals,assumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.And,ofcourse,speakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailto“translate”culturalmeaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.Forexample,whenanAmericanusestheword“friend”,theculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitor’slanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.Yet,beingfriendlyisavirtuethatmanyAmericansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers.Intheeyesofvisitorsfromtheoutside ［A］rudetaxidriversarerarelyseeninthe［B］small-mindedofficialsdeserveaserious［C］Canadiansarenotsofriendlyastheir［D］mostAmericansarereadytoofferItcouldbeinferredfromthelastparagraph ［A］cultureexercisesaninfluenceoversocial［B］courteousconventionandindividualinterestare［C］variousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamong［D］socialinterrelationshipsequalthecomplexsetofculturalFamiliesinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertain ［A］toimprovetheirhard［B］inviewoftheirlong-distance［C］toaddsomeflavortotheirowndaily［D］outofacharitableThetraditionofhospitalityto ［A］tendstobesuperficialand［B］isgenerallywellkeptupintheUnited［C］isalwaysunderstood［D］hassomethingtodowiththebusytouristPassageTechnically,anysubstanceotherthanfoodthataltersourbodilyormentalfunctioningisadrug.Manypeoplemistakenlybelievethetermdrugrefersonlytosomesortofmedicineoranillegalchemicaltakenbydrugaddicts.Theydon’trealizethatfamiliarsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccoarealsodrugs.Thisiswhythemoreneutraltermsubstanceisnowusedbymanyphysiciansandpsychologists.Thephrase“substanceabuse”isoftenusedinsteadof“drugabuse”tomakeclearthatsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccocanbejustasharmfullymisused Weliveinasocietyinwhichthemedicalandsocialuseofsubstances(drugs)ispervasive:anaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobesociable,coffeetogetgoinginthemorning,acigaretteforthenerves.Whendothesesociallyacceptableandapparentlyconstructiveusesofasubstance emisuses?Firstofall,mostsubstancestakeninexcesswillproducenegativeeffectssuchaspoisoningorintenseperceptualdistortions.Repeateduseofasubstancecanalsoleadtophysicaladdictionorsubstancedependence.Dependenceismarkedfirstbyanincreasedtolerance,withmoreandmoreofthesubstancerequiredtoproducethedesiredeffect,andthenbytheappearanceofunpleasantwithdrawalsymptomswhenthesubstanceisdiscontinued.Drugs(substances)thataffectthecentralnervoussystemandalterperception,mood,andbehaviorareknownaspsychoactivesubstances.Psychoactivesubstancesarecommonlygroupedaccordingtowhethertheyarestimulants,depressants,orhallucinogens.Stimulantsinitiallyspeeduporactivatethecentralnervoussystem,whereasdepressantsslowitdown.Hallucinogenshavetheirprimaryeffectonperception,distortingandalteringitinavarietyofwaysincludingproducinghallucinations.Thesearethesubstancesoftencalledpsychedelic(fromtheGreekwordmeaning“mind-manifestation”)becausetheyseemedtoradicallyalterone’sstateofconsciousness.“Substanceabuse”(Line5,Paragraph1)ispreferableto“drugabuse”in ［A］substancescanalterourbodilyormentalfunctioningifillegally［B］“drugabuse”isonlyrelatedtoalimitednumberof［C］alcoholandtobaccoareasfatal and［D］manysubstancesother orecanalsobeTheword“pervasive”(Line1,Paragraph2)might ［A］ ［B］［C］ ［D］Physicaldependenceoncertainsubstancesresults ［A］uncontrolledconsumptionofthemoverlongperiodsof［B］exclusiveuseofthemforsocial［C］tativeapplicationofthemtothetreatmentof［D］carelessemploymentofthemforunpleasantFromthelastparagraphwecaninfer ［A］stimulantsfunctionpositivelyonthe［B］hallucinogensareinthemselvesharmfulto［C］depressantsaretheworsttypeofpsychoactive［D］thethreetypesofpsychoactivesubstanceswerecommonlyusedinPassageNocompanylikestobetolditiscontributingtothemoraldeclineofanation.“Isthiswhatyouintendedtoplishwithyourcareers?”SenatorRobertDoleaskedTimeWarnerexecutiveslastweek.“Youhavesoldsouls,butmustyoucorruptournationandthreatenourchildrenaswell?”AtTimeWarner,however,questionsaresimplythelatestmanifestationofthesoul-searchingthathasinvolvedthecompanyeversincethecompanywasbornin1990.It’saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.AtthecoreofthisdebateischairmanGeraldLevin,56,whotookoverforthelateSteveRossin1992.Onthefinancialfront,Levinisunderpressuretoraisethestockpriceandreducethecompany’smountainousdebt,whichwillincreaseto$17.3billionaftertwonewcabledealsclose.Hehaspromisedtoselloffsomeofthepropertyandrestructurethecompany,butinvestorsarewaitingimpatiently.Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.Levinhasconsistentlydefendedthecompany’srapmusiconthegroundsofexpression.In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKiller,Levindescribedrapasalawfulexpressionofstreetculture,whichdeservesanoutlet.“Thetestofanydemocraticsociety,”hewroteinaWallStreetJournalcolumn,“l(fā)iesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitude,howeverdisputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe.Wewon’tretreatinthefaceofanythreats.”Levinwouldnotcommentonthedebatelastweek,butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth’sstockholders’meeting,Levinassertedthat“musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills”andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx,NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.Buthetalkedaswellaboutthe“balancedstruggle”betweencreativefreedomandsocialresponsibility,andheannouncedthatthecompanywouldlaunchadrivetodevelopstandardsfordistributionandlabelingofpotentiallyobjectionablemusic.The15-memberTimeWarnerboardisgenerallysupportiveofLevinandhiscorporatestrategy.Butinsiderssayseveralofthemhaveshowntheirconcernsinthismatter.“Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotallyunlimited,”saysLuce.“Ithinkitisperhapsthecasethatsomepeopleassociatedwiththecompanyhaveonlyrecentlycometorealizethis.” ［A］itsraisingofthecorporatestock［B］itsself-examinationof［C］itsneglectofsocial［D］itsemphasisoncreativeAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingis［A］LuceisaspokesmanofTime［B］GeraldLevinisliableto［C］TimeWarnerisunitedasoneinthefaceofthe［D］SteveRossisnolongerInfaceoftherecentattacksonthecompany,the ［A］stucktoastrongstandtodefendfreedomof［B］softenedhistoneandadoptedsomenew［C］changedhisattitudeandyieldedto［D］receivedmoresupportfromthe15-memberThebesttitleforthispassagemight ［A］ACompanyunder ［B］ADebateonMoral［C］ALawfulOutletofStreet ［D］AFormofCreativePassageMuchofthelanguageusedtodescribemonetarypolicy,suchas“steeringtheeconomytoasoftlanding”or“atouchonthebrakes”,makesitsoundlikeaprecisescience.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Thelinkbetweeninterestratesandinflationisuncertain.Andtherearelong,variablelagsbeforepolicychangeshaveanyeffectontheeconomy.Hencetheogythatlikenstheconductofmonetarypolicytodrivingacarwithablackenedwindscreen,acrackedrear-viewmirrorandafaultysteeringwheel.Givenallthesedisadvantages,centralbankersseemtohavehadmuchtoboastaboutoflate.Averageinthebigsevenindustrialeconomiesfelltoamere2.3%lastyear,closetoitslowestlevelin30years,beforerisingslightlyto2.5%thisJuly.Thisisalongwaybelowthedouble-digitrateswhichmanycountriesexperiencedinthe1970sandearly1980s.Itisalsolessthanmostforecastershadpredicted.Inlate1994thepanelofeconomistswhichTheEconomistpollseachmonthsaidthatAmerica’sinflationratewouldaverage3.5%in1995.Infact,itfellto2.6%inAugust,andisexpectedtoaverageonlyabout3%fortheyearasawhole.InBritainandJapaninflationisrunninghalfapercentagepointbelowtheratepredictedattheendoflastyear.Thisisnoflashinthepan;overthepastcoupleofyears,inflationhasbeenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica.EconomistshavebeenparticularlysurprisedbyfavourableinflationfiguresinBritainandtheUnitedStates,sinceconventionalmeasuressuggestthatbotheconomies,andespeciallyAmerica’s,havelittleproductiveslack.America’scapacityutilisation,forexample,hithistoricallyhighlevelsearlierthisyear,anditsjoblessrate(5.6%inAugust)hasfallenbelowmostestimatesofthenaturalrateofunemployment—theratebelowwhichinflationhastakenoffinthepast.Whyhasinflationprovedsomild?Themostthrillingexplanationis,unfortunay,alittledefective.Someeconomistsarguethatpowerfulstructuralchangesintheworldhaveup-endedtheoldeconomicmodelsthatwerebaseduponthehistoricallinkbetweengrowthandinflation.Fromthepassagewelearn ［A］thereisadefiniterelationshipbetweeninflationandinterest［B］economywillalwaysfollowcertain［C］theeconomicsituationisbetterthan［D］economistshadforeseenthepresenteconomicAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingis［A］Makingmonetarypoliciesiscomparabletodrivinga［B］Anextremelylowjoblessratewillleadto［C］Ahighunemploymentratewillresultfrom［D］InterestrateshaveanimmediateeffectontheThesentence“Thisisnoflashinthepan”(Line5,Paragraph3)means ［A］thelowinflationratewilllastforsome［B］theinflationratewillsoon［C］theinflationwilldisappear［D］thereisnoinflationatThepassageshowsthattheauthoristhepresent ［A］critical ［B］puzzled［C］disappointed ［D］amazedPartⅢEnglish-ChineseReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Doanimalshaverights?Thisishowthequestionisusuallyput.Itsoundslikeauseful,ground-clearingwaytostart.31）Actually,itisn’t,becauseitassumesthatthereisanagreedaccountofhumanrights,whichissomethingtheworlddoesnothave.Ononeviewofrights,tobesure,itnecessarilyfollowsthatanimalshavenone.32）Somephilosophersarguethatrightsexistonlywithinasocialcontract,aspartofanexchangeofdutiesandentitlements.Thereforeanimalscannothaverights.Theideaofpunishingatigerthatkillssomebodyisabsurd,forexactlythesamereason,soistheideathattigershaverights.However,thisisonlyoneaccount,andbynomeansanuncontestedone.Itdeniesrightsnotonlytoanimalsbutalsotosomepeople—forinstance,toinfants,thementallyincapableandfuturegenerations.Inaddition,itisunclearwhatforceacontractcanhaveforpeoplewhoneverconsentedtoit:howdoyoureplytosomebodywhosays“Idon’tlikethiscontract”?Thepointisthis:withoutagreementontherightsofpeople,arguingabouttherightsofanimalsisfruitless.33）Itleadsthediscussiontoextremesattheoutset:itinvitesyoutothinkthatanimalsshouldbetreatedeitherwiththeconsiderationhumansextendtootherhumans,orwithnoconsiderationatall.Thisisafalsechoice.Bettertostartwithanother,morefundamental,question:isthewaywetreatanimalsamoralissueatall?Manydenyit.34）Arguingfromtheviewthathumansaredifferentfromanimalsineveryrelevantrespect,extremistsofthiskindthinkthatanimalslieoutsidetheareaofmoralchoice.Anyregardforthesufferingofanimalsisseenasamistake—asentimentaldisplacementoffeelingthatshouldproperlybedirectedtootherThisview,whichholdsthattorturingamonkeyismorallyequivalenttochopwood,mayseembravely“l(fā)ogical”.Infactitissimplyshallow:theconfusedcentreisrighttorejectit.Themostelementaryformofmoralreasoning—theethicalequivalentoflearningtocrawl—istoweighother’sinterestsagainstone’sown.Thisinturnrequiressympathyandimagination:withoutwhichthereisnocapacityformoralthought.Toseeananimalinpainisenough,formost,toengagesympathy.35）Whenthathappens,itisnotamistake:itismankind’sinstinctformoralreasoninginaction,aninstinctthatshouldbeencouragedratherthanlaughedat.SectionⅣWriting(1536.Studythefollowingsetofpicturescarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan120YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEETYouressayshouldcoveralltheinformationprovidedandmeettherequirementsInterpretthefollowingPredictthetendencyoftobaccoconsumptionandgiveyour1997年答案及PartⅠCloze1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 9. 10.PartⅡReadingPartPassage11. 12. 14.Passage Passage Passage Passage PartⅢEnglish-Chinese事實(shí)并非如此，因?yàn)檫@種問(wèn)法是以人們對(duì)人的權(quán)利有一種共識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的，而這種共識(shí)并不存有些哲學(xué)家論證說(shuō)，權(quán)利只存在于社會(huì)契約中，是責(zé)任與權(quán)益交換的一部分這種說(shuō)法從一開始就將討論引向兩個(gè)，它使人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該這樣對(duì)待動(dòng)物：要么像對(duì)人類自身一樣關(guān)切體諒，要么完全冷漠無(wú)情。這類人持看法，認(rèn)為人與動(dòng)物在各相關(guān)方面都不相同，對(duì)待動(dòng)物無(wú)須考慮道德問(wèn)題這種反應(yīng)并不是錯(cuò)誤，這是人類用道德觀念進(jìn)行推理的本能在起作用。這種本能應(yīng)該得到鼓勵(lì)，而不應(yīng)該遭到嘲笑。SectionⅣWriting(15PartⅠCloze一 文章總體分本文介紹 臨時(shí)勞動(dòng)大軍日益龐大這一現(xiàn)象及其影響。文章一、二段介紹 臨時(shí)就業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)員數(shù)量龐大和勞務(wù)公司的蓬勃發(fā)展。第三段分析了臨時(shí)勞動(dòng)大軍迅速發(fā)展造成的影響：一是使公司更具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性，減輕了負(fù)擔(dān)。二是使工人失去了各種福利及歸屬感。二、試題具體解析+文章首句：擁有56萬(wàn)雇員的勞務(wù)公司（ManpowerInc）是全球最大的臨時(shí)就業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)。緊接著，第二句又提到了每天早晨這些臨時(shí)工人到各公司和工廠上班的情況。我們可以想象一下：56萬(wàn)工人每天早晨上班的情形一定是非常浩大的。所填入的詞要能反映這一點(diǎn)，而且還必須與intosoewhere相搭配。swarm可以與into相搭配，如：Peopleswarmedintothecinema（人們擁進(jìn)院，它在文中也可以形象地描述眾多臨時(shí)工人如潮水般涌入上班地點(diǎn)的情景。因此，A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。進(jìn)入辦公地點(diǎn)不可能是“大步跨入”；separate可以和into搭配，但into后不能接地點(diǎn)，而且只能是separate；slip用，表示“溜進(jìn)”，如：Heslippedintotheclassroomfromthebackdoor.（他從后門溜進(jìn)教室。［精解 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系tosurvive，而人力資源公司卻在蓬勃發(fā)展。顯然，空格處應(yīng)填入表對(duì)比關(guān)系的邏輯詞。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A、B、Das除了表示原因之外，還可以表兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，意為“隨著，當(dāng)…的時(shí)候”之意，表輕微的對(duì)比，所以只能選C。，知識(shí)點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：as，for，sincebecause都可以表原因：as所表示的理由最弱，這種理由只是附帶的說(shuō)明，如：Asyouaretired,youhadbetterrest.（既然你累了,最好休息一下。句子的重點(diǎn)在主句。for加原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一般放在句尾，僅對(duì)主句補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或進(jìn)一步解釋，表判斷的原因。如：Hefeltnofear,forhewasverybrave.（他很,毫不畏懼。since表示一種既成事實(shí)，引導(dǎo)的從句常放在句首，一般譯作“既.why引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句。如：IdoitbecauseIlikeit.（我做這件事是因?yàn)槲?，［精?本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：介詞用法辨析本句提到，通用汽車公司和IBM等工業(yè)巨頭為了生存而采取了減員的方式，顯然，空格處需要一個(gè)表示方式、的介詞。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有by表示方式、。by+ng結(jié)構(gòu)表示通過(guò)某種行為（以達(dá)到某種目的，因此，答案為D。havesurvivedfromearliertimes.（有許多古怪的習(xí)俗自遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代保存下來(lái)了。［精解］本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)本句逗號(hào)前后是兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)完整的分句，因此空格處需填入一個(gè)邏輯詞。句中it指代的是theUS，兩個(gè)分句的含義分別是：的經(jīng)濟(jì)繼續(xù)復(fù)蘇；的者和臨時(shí)工正在不斷增加。根據(jù)邏輯，經(jīng)濟(jì)的恢復(fù)本來(lái)應(yīng)該使人獲得長(zhǎng)期的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，因此兩個(gè)分句之間存在著語(yǔ)意上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，由于空格在句首，因此需要填入一個(gè)表讓步關(guān)系的邏輯詞。選項(xiàng)中只有eventhough可以表讓步，表示“雖然的經(jīng)濟(jì)還在繼復(fù)蘇，卻來(lái)越成為一者和時(shí)工的國(guó)”。例句補(bǔ)充：NowthatIamwellagain,Icangoonwithmywork.（我既然已經(jīng)恢復(fù)了健康，那就可以繼續(xù)工作了）Ifonlyshehadknownwheretofindyou.（要是她知道在哪兒能找到您就好了）Providedthatcircumstancespermit，Iwillgothere.（假如情況允許的話，我就去。+thisworkforce（勞動(dòng)力）part-timersandtemporaryworkers，由上文可知，這些人干一天算一天（seekingaday’sworkforaday’spaydurable與文（不能找那個(gè)人，他有其他工作workforce搭配，但由于所填入的選項(xiàng)被加注了不能用做定語(yǔ)修飾人，因此，符合題意的只有disposable。用它來(lái)形容勞動(dòng)力大軍，暗示他們是廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力，［精解］本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：名詞詞義辨本題要求考生判斷臨時(shí)勞動(dòng)力是經(jīng)濟(jì)最重要的什么。上文提到勞務(wù)公司擁有56萬(wàn)雇員，正日益成為者和臨時(shí)工的國(guó)家，由此可以推測(cè)出，這種“”的勞動(dòng)力已成為最重要的潮流或趨勢(shì)。先排除approach和flow，approach根本不能用來(lái)描述勞動(dòng)力；flow可用來(lái)描述人群，但多用于描述特定方向的流動(dòng)，如：Moreandmorefarmersareflowingintothebigcit（越來(lái)越多的農(nóng)民涌入大城市，但它用在文中不合句意；fashon（一時(shí)或某一團(tuán)體中流行的）Herdressistheaestfashion.（晚禮服是式樣，顯然文中的臨時(shí)勞動(dòng)大軍不應(yīng)該是經(jīng)濟(jì)的式樣或時(shí)尚；只有trend可以指正在發(fā)生或盛行的一種現(xiàn)象，如：Thetrendofpricesisstilldownwards.（物價(jià)仍有下降趨勢(shì)，因此，它是正確答+空格所在句子中it題要求考生判斷這種趨勢(shì)的出現(xiàn)對(duì)人們與其工作之間的關(guān)系的影響是怎樣的？從下文可知，由于“”勞動(dòng)力的出現(xiàn)，對(duì)于公司來(lái)說(shuō)，可以不用承擔(dān)勞動(dòng)（employentrues、醫(yī)療費(fèi)用（healthcarecosts）和計(jì)劃（pensionpans）方面的負(fù)擔(dān)而變得更有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。而對(duì)于雇員來(lái)說(shuō)，這就意味著不再享有保障和福利，也不再需要作為忠誠(chéng)雇員的…。顯然，這是人與工作的關(guān)系在根本上（fundamentally）發(fā)生變化，而不是立即（instantly、逆轉(zhuǎn)（reversely）或足夠地（sufficiently）發(fā)生變化。fundamentally正好呼應(yīng)了前面的themostimportant，表示這種“”的勞動(dòng)大軍從根本上改變了人們與工作之間的關(guān)系。［精解 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：連詞的用法做該題時(shí),考生需判斷用什么詞來(lái)連接空格前后兩個(gè)部分。從結(jié)構(gòu)上來(lái)看，空格前后是兩種不同的形式：不定式toreaingloballycompetitive與動(dòng)名詞avoidingmarketcyces。由于but和and前后一般連接相同形式的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，因此可首先排除這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。whereas表轉(zhuǎn)折，需要引導(dǎo)從句，無(wú)論從意義上還是結(jié)構(gòu)上都不符合條件。while意為“在…的同時(shí)”，它既連接句子也可以連接現(xiàn)在分詞，從語(yǔ)法和含義上都符合文章需要。知識(shí)點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：whie連接的從句中有時(shí)可省略一些成分，它可以直接連接現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、形Whieyetayouth,hegainedtheNobelprizeoflterature（還是個(gè)年輕人的時(shí)候，他就獲得了文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)［精解 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：句內(nèi)語(yǔ)義空格所在部分是hegrowingburdens9byemploymentrues，填入的過(guò)去分詞做后置定語(yǔ)修飾burdens，由于這里是語(yǔ)態(tài)，考生需要判斷“就業(yè)”對(duì)“負(fù)擔(dān)”作了什么動(dòng)作。顯然，我們不能說(shuō)壓力“受到就業(yè)的限制（resrct或confined)（給公司的壓力”符合句意。+誠(chéng)雇員的10感。因此考生需判斷作為一名忠實(shí)的或長(zhǎng)期的雇員，除了得到安全保障、福利待遇外，他還可以senseofimportance是固定搭配。類似的用法還有：senseofduty（責(zé)任感）senseofhumor（幽默感senseofinferiority（自卑感）senseofjustice（正義感）senseofsafety（安全感三、全文翻譯擁有56萬(wàn)雇員的勞務(wù)公司是全球最大的臨時(shí)就業(yè)中介機(jī)構(gòu)。每天清晨，公司中大量的人員涌入的辦公室和工廠中，為獲得一天的收入來(lái)尋找一份工作，干一天算一天。當(dāng)通用汽車公司和IBM等工業(yè)巨頭靠減員而勉強(qiáng)支撐時(shí)，坐落于威斯康星州麥爾烏柯市的勞務(wù)公司卻在蓬勃地發(fā)展。雖然的經(jīng)濟(jì)還在繼續(xù)復(fù)蘇，卻日益成為一個(gè)者和臨時(shí)工的國(guó)家。這種“即用即拋型”勞動(dòng)力已成為企業(yè)用人最為重要的趨勢(shì)。它也正在從根本上改變?nèi)藗兒退麄兯鶑氖碌墓ぷ髦g的關(guān)系。這一現(xiàn)象給公司提供了式，使得它們能夠在全球范圍內(nèi)具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性，同時(shí)又可以避免市場(chǎng)的周期性和由就業(yè)、醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)和退休金方案所帶來(lái)的逐漸加重的負(fù)擔(dān)。對(duì)工人來(lái)說(shuō)，這意味著作為一名忠實(shí)雇員所享有的安全感、福利以及從屬帶來(lái)的重要感都一去不復(fù)返了。PartⅡReadingComprehensionPassage1一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析這是一篇關(guān)于的。文章以澳大利亞北部地區(qū)通過(guò)合法法案事件為，繼而報(bào)道了社會(huì)各方對(duì)該事件的反應(yīng)。論證包括典型事例論證。第一段：首先敘述在澳大利亞北部合法化的事件，進(jìn)而 第二段：人們充分理解這一法案的深刻意義可能需要一段時(shí)間，因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)各方對(duì)此持不同看法和態(tài)度。但是在世界其他國(guó)家頒布類似法案的潮流已無(wú)法逆轉(zhuǎn)。第三段：醫(yī)生給實(shí)行的具體條件和要求，列舉尼克森的事例說(shuō)明這一事件對(duì)于普通病人的意義在于可以減少痛苦。二、試題具體分析Fromthesecondparagraphwelearn 11.從第二段我們可以知 ［A］theobjectiontoeuthanasiaisslowtocomeinothercountries［B］physiciansandcitizenssharethesameviewon［C］changingtechnologyischieflyresponsibleforthehastypassageofthelaw［D］ittakestimetorealizethesignificanceoflaw’s

［A］在其他國(guó)家，對(duì)的緩［B］在這一問(wèn)題上，醫(yī)生和普［C］技術(shù)的變化應(yīng)該對(duì)該法案?jìng)}促地獲［精解 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：段落主旨題第二段第一句是句，“要充分理解（sinkin）這一法案的深刻意義（fullimport）可能需要一while”對(duì)應(yīng)“ittakestime”。該段最后一句中，作者通過(guò)“多米諾骨牌”（dominoes）比喻，說(shuō)明各國(guó)將很快相繼通過(guò)類似澳大利亞的法案，即各國(guó)對(duì)的支持會(huì)來(lái)得很快，A然意符段三到（醫(yī)生和普通人）中一些人如釋重負(fù)，另一些人…則對(duì)這一決議極其倉(cāng)促的通過(guò)進(jìn)行了猛烈的”，可見(jiàn)這兩類人意見(jiàn)出現(xiàn)，B選項(xiàng)與之相。該段第五句該法案的通過(guò)是澳大利亞“人口化、延長(zhǎng)技術(shù)和公眾態(tài)度的變化”共同作用的結(jié)果，原文中沒(méi)有將原因分主次，因此C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在出現(xiàn)chefly。技巧：干擾項(xiàng)主要是以偏概全（本題C選項(xiàng)）或和原文信息相反（本題A、B選項(xiàng)?？忌⒁庹_選項(xiàng)Whentheauthorsaysthatobserversarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling,hemeans ［A］ observersaretakingawait-and-seeattitudetowardsthefutureofeuthanasia［B］similarbillsarelikelytobepassedintheUS,Canadaandothercountries［C］observersarewaitingtoseetheresultofthegameofdominoes［D］theeffect-takingprocessofthepassedmayfinallycometoa

， ［A］觀察者對(duì)的未來(lái)持觀望態(tài)［B］、和其他國(guó)家也可能［C］［D］［精解］本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：句意題解此題關(guān)鍵是將多米諾理論與文章其他內(nèi)容聯(lián)系起來(lái)。多米諾骨牌是一種西洋骨牌游戲，游戲中將許多長(zhǎng)方形的骨牌豎立排列成行，碰到第一張時(shí)，其余骨牌依次紛紛。用于比喻時(shí)，指一系列的連鎖反應(yīng)，即牽一發(fā)而動(dòng)全身。聯(lián)系上下文。第二段最后兩句提到，其他州也將考慮制定類似的法律來(lái)處理安樂(lè)死問(wèn)題。在和，權(quán)利運(yùn)動(dòng)正在積蓄力量。由此推知，題干中這句話暗含的意思是澳大利亞的做引起一些國(guó)家類似的做法。B選項(xiàng)符合文意。技巧：文中那些話中有話的間接表達(dá)句是?？键c(diǎn)。它們往往采用說(shuō)半句、打比喻、反過(guò)來(lái)講的方式，留有讓考生自己作結(jié)論或推理的余地。WhenLloydNicksondies,he 13當(dāng)利奧德·尼克森死的時(shí)候，他 ［A］facehisdeathwithcalmcharacteristicof［B］experiencethesufferingofalungcancer

［A］以的冷靜心態(tài)面對(duì)［B］經(jīng)歷肺癌的痛［C］haveanintensefearofterrible ［D］undergoacoolingoffperiodofseven ［精解］本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：推理引申題根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞LloydNckon定位最一段半分從可以出對(duì)看法死不可，可怕的是像其他那樣痛苦而死。的法案的批準(zhǔn)意味著他可以心情平靜地生活，而無(wú)需懼怕將要的的折磨。因此A選項(xiàng)符合尼克森先生的情況。BC選項(xiàng)和文意正相反。D選項(xiàng)的干擾在于原文中也出現(xiàn)過(guò)“coolingoff”，原文指的是人作出決定之前的行為，意思是“冷靜地思考7天”，但是本題題干指的是人的時(shí)候，因此cooloff的意思變?yōu)椤氨焕鋮s7天”。Theauthor’sattitudetowardseuthanasiaseemstobethatof

作者對(duì)待的態(tài)度 ［A］ ［A］［B］ ［B］［C］ ［C］［D］ ［D］［精解 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：作者態(tài)度題在體文章（如本文）中作者往往相關(guān)的觀點(diǎn)間接表述自己的態(tài)度。文章最后以尼克森的話結(jié)束對(duì)的討論，其中...awmeanshecangetonwithlivngwthoutthehauningfearofhssuffering等處明顯表明尼克森是支持的。此外，文中其他地方也流露出作者對(duì)法案的褒揚(yáng)態(tài)度，如第二段的Butthetideisunlkelytoturnback和第三段的UnderthenewNorthernerrtoryla...putanendosufferng。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為可以減輕的痛苦，因此對(duì)它持贊成態(tài)度，C選項(xiàng)正確。技巧：作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的提出往往不直截了當(dāng)，而是隱含在字里行間，有的通過(guò)所用詞語(yǔ)的褒貶來(lái)體現(xiàn)，有的則需要通讀全文，把握主旨才能。三、文章長(zhǎng)難句分析與佳句賞析長(zhǎng)難句分①Aftersixmonthsofarguingandfinal16hoursofhotparliamentarydebates,Australia’sNorthernTerritorybecamethefirstlegalauthorityintheworldtoallowdoctorstotakethelivesofincurablyillpatientswhowishtoAustralia’sNorthernTerritorybecamethefirstlegalauthorityafter引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句中包含短語(yǔ)allowsb.todosth.who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾patients。②AlmostimmediaywordflashedontheInternetandwaspickedup,halfaworldaway,byJohnHofsess,executivedirectoroftheRighttoDieSocietyofCanada.該句的主干是...wordflashedon...andwaspickedup...by...，其中，第二個(gè)謂語(yǔ)是語(yǔ)態(tài)，在謂語(yǔ)和施動(dòng)者之間放入插入成分halfaworldaway做狀語(yǔ)。③InAustralia—whereanagingpopulation,life-extendingtechnologyandchangingcommunityattitudeshaveallplayedtheirpart—otherstatesaregoingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia.句子的主干是...otherstatesaregoingtoconsider...inAustraliawhere引導(dǎo)的定④ForLloydNickson,a54-year-oldDarwinresidentsufferingfromlungcancer,theNTRightsofTerminallyIlllawmeanshecangetonwithlivingwithoutthehauntingfearofhissuffering:aterrifyingdeathfromhisbreathingcondition.句子主干是FortheNTRightsofTerminallyIlllawmeans...for引導(dǎo)的名詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)，該從句的主干是hecangetonwithlivingwithout...，