完整哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義

（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義希望各位度過了個愉快的周末Hopeyouhadawonderfullongweekend.好了直入主題So,let'sjumprightintoit.上回說到哪兒了Sowheredidweleavelasttime？上回我們談了環(huán)境的力量Lasttimewetalkedaboutthepowerofthesituation,談到了信念是如何成為自我實現的預言wetalkabouthowbeliefsbecomeself-fulfillingprophesies。以及我們是如何通過環(huán)境Andhowitisthroughthesituation對他人產生期望及信念thatweveryoftencreateexpectations,believesofpeople。這些信念會變成現實Andthesebelievesbecomereality.還談到了為什么說社會心理學本質上是從（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義Andwetalkedabouthowsocialpsychologyessentiallystarted某些重要的實驗開始的比如米爾格倫實驗withsomeveryimportantexperimentsuchastheMilgrimeffect，又稱權利服從研究orobediencetoauthority.比如津巴多的監(jiān)獄實驗SuchasZimbardo'sprisonexperiment，試驗中囚犯被關在。.。whereprisonerswereputinorplayed.。。學生扮演囚犯及看守的角色studentsplaytheroleofprisonersortheroleofwardens完全進入了角色以至于andtheyactuallyenteredthatrolesototally一周后實驗被迫中止thatafteraweektheexperimenthadtobestop,而原計劃是要進行兩周whenitwassupposetogoonfortwoweeks.接著我們提出了一個問題（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義Andthenthequestionweaskedwas,既然環(huán)境的力量如此巨大OK,soweknowthatthesituationispowerful.能使人改變Weknowthatitmakesadifference。那能否創(chuàng)造出一種強大但積極的環(huán)境Canwealsocreateapowerful，將人的最佳狀態(tài)充分調動起來？positivesituationtobringoutthebestinpeople?答案是肯定的Andtheanswerisyes。我們對此做了深入分析并談到了AndwestartedtalkingaboutitandwetalkaboutprofessorLanger教授以及她的研究Langerandherresearchandhowsheshowthatputting她讓一群老人置身于仿20年前的環(huán)境中um..。elderlymeninanenvironmentwheretheywereactually要求他們裝作回到20年前的生活（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義orwheretheyactedasiftheywere20yearsyounger這些老人竟然變得年輕了actuallybecameyounger.他們的智力水平提高了Tothepointofhavinghigherlevelsofintelligence.記憶力提升了Tothepointofimprovingtheirmemory。視力聽力也改善了Improvingtheireyesight,improvingtheirhearing。手指骨骼間的距離變長了Thedistancebetweenthebonesintheirfingersactually這是年輕的跡象becamelongerwhichisasignofyoungerage.他們自評及互評都認為Theywereratedbyothersaswellasbythemselves自己更健康更年輕了asstrongerandyoungerjustbecausetheyactedasif就因為他們裝作自己處在1959年（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義itwas1959insteadofwhatitwasreallywas,而不是1979年這就是積極環(huán)境的力量whichwas1979。Thepowerofthepositivesituation.她還進行了另一項實驗Andthenshedidanothermoreresearchon對象要進行視力檢查peoplegoingforaneyesighttest，他們被安排在了飛行模擬器里andputtheminasituationinaflightsimulator.做完全一樣的視力檢查Andtheexactsameeyesighttest，因為環(huán)境的不同測試結果竟然提高了theyactuallyperformedbetterjustbecauseofthesituation。然后我們接著繼續(xù)講上回結束的地方就是Andwemovedonthatwhatweendedlasttime分析影射影射是..。bytalkingaboutpriming.Primingis...可以從意識及潛意識兩個層面進行（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義canbedoneintheconsciousorsubconsciouslevelo是指在我們的意識或潛意識中植入Itmeansplantingaseed,plantingabelief,plantingaword,一粒種子一種信念一個詞或一幅畫面orapictureinourmind,consciouslyorsubconsciously.以及如何對我們行為產生影響Andhowthatactuallyinfluencesourbehavior.Bargh在紐約大學時SoBargh,thattimeofNYU,進行過一項研究他用“年老”的相關詞didtheresearchwhereheprimedtopeople影射實驗對象withwordsassociatedwitholdo如果你們還記得這些詞包括皺紋Wordsifyouremembersuchaswrinkles,年老佛羅里達wordssuchasold,wordssuchasFlorida.這種影射導致的結果是（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義Andasaresultofthispriming,實驗參與者走路更慢了thoseparticipantsinthestudyactuallywalkedslower,更佝僂了oractuallyweremorestooped.研究者進行評估時Whenevaluatedbyresearchers并不知道每個對象的實驗條件whowerenotawareoftheircondition,meaningtheydidn'tknow也就是說不清楚他們是被影射了對照詞whethertheywereprimedwithcontrolwords，隨機詞還是年老相關詞justrandomwords,orwithwordsassociatedwithold.所以通過影射人們的行為Soitwasjustthroughtheprimingthatpeopleactually的確會發(fā)生改變startedtobehavedifferently.環(huán)境的力量外界的力量（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義Thepowerofthesituation.Thepoweroftheenvironment。然后Bargh將實驗更進了一步AndthenBarghtookitstepfurtherandsaid，決定用使用積極的影射比如成就OK，let’sprimethewithpositiveprimessuchasachievement,毅力成功suchaspersistence，suchassuccess.比如這些詞Thesewords,forexample，成就的近義詞theyhadtofindasynonymforthewordachievement。實驗對象被影射這些詞后Thosewhoareprimedwiththesewordsonintelligencetest智力及記憶力測試的成績andonmemorytestactuallyperformedbetter比沒有影射的對照組好thanthecontrolgroupwhowasn'tprimedwiththesewords。兩位荷蘭研究人員Dijksterhuis和Knippensberg（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義TwoDutchresearchers—Dijksterhuis&Knippensberg,也進行了影射實驗他們找了一批人whattheyfoundwasthattheybroughtpeople,請他們?yōu)橄乱淮螌嶒炦M行描述andtheyaskthemtodescribeforfutureexperiment,不是本次實驗notforthatexperiment.讓他們?yōu)橄乱淮螌嶒濬orafutureexperiment,askthemtodescribe描述三種原型的典型日常行為及其性格：thetypicaldayortypicalcharacteristicsofthreearchetypes-足球流氓秘書及教授asoccerhooligan,asecretaryandaprofessor。描述這三種原型Describethesethreearchetypes。他們被告知這是為下次實驗做準備Andtheytoldthemthisisforthenextexperiment需要這三種原型的描述（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義wherewejustwantpeopletoevaluatethesearchetypes。但他們不知道的是通過對原型進行描述Notknowingthatactuallybydescribingthesearchetypes,自己已經被影射了theseindividualswereprimed.他們分別被影射為足球流氓秘書Theywereprimedforasoccerhooligan，forasecretary,或教授orforaprofessor。影射后他們接受了智力測試Andthentheyhavetodointelligencetestsafterwards,及記憶力測試memorytestafterthoseprimes.描述足球流氓日常行為的人Thosewhohadtodescribethedayofsoccerhooligan表現得最糟performedtheworse。無論是記憶力還是智力（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義Intermsofmemory.Intermofintelligence.然后是描述秘書的人Thentherewasthesecretaryandthosewhoperformedthebest表現最好的是描述教授的人werethosewhodescribedtheprofessor。而他們之前并沒有更努力學習Nowtheydidn'tstudyanyharderbefore。什么也沒有改變除了發(fā)生了影射Nothingchangedexceptforthefactthattherewasaprime，that環(huán)境中有東西植入了他們的思想therewassomethingplantedfromtheenvironmentintheirminds?，F在的問題是Thequestionthenis,我們如何為自己創(chuàng)造一個積極的環(huán)境howcanwecreateapositiveenvironmentforourselves,讓自己受到積極的影射變得更幸福whereweareprimedbythepositive,wherewecanbehappier，更成功等等（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義moresuccessfulandsoon.方法有很多Andthere'smanywaysinwhichwecandoit.我跟大家分享幾個Letmeshareafew。其實這將是你們這周的作業(yè)之一Infactthere'sgoingtobeyourassignmentforthisweek,即創(chuàng)造一個積極的環(huán)境oroneoftheassignmentstocreateapositiveenvironment.舉幾個例子Soyouaresomeoftheexamples。找一些你愛的人或地方的照片Havepicturesofpeopleyouloveorplacesyoulove，the這些東西很重要因為即使你不看它們importanceofthesethingsisthatevenifyoudon’tseethem,潛意識中還意識到它們的存在youseethem。Soonthesubconsciouslevelit'sstillthere.雖然只是在潛意識層面（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義Eventhoughonthesubconsciouslevel,人們被影射時看不見。.。那些詞whenpeopleareprimed，theydon’treallysee..。theword,比如"成就”這個詞出現在屏幕上25毫秒sayachievementonthescreen,whenit'stherefor25mini—second，根本不可能看清但大腦卻記錄了下來theydon'treallyseeit,butitregisters。所以即使你掛了照片但沒去看它Soevenifapictureisthereandyoudon't"really”seeit或沒意識到它念到它ornotreallyconsciousofit,mindfulofit，它仍然會對你造成影響itstillhasaimpactonyou.所以找些你愛的人的照片Sohavepicturesofpeopleyoulove,讓你開心的東西無論是紀念品havepleasantobject,whetherit'smemorabilia,鮮花藝術品你最喜歡的藝術品（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義whetherit'sflowers,whetherit'sart,yourfavoriteart.我家中和辦公室都掛了SoIhaveinmyhouse,andmyoffice,我最愛的畫由我最愛的藝術家創(chuàng)作myfavoriteartonthewall,bymyfavoriteartists.讓我跟你們分享一下Andletmesharewithyouafew。我今天帶到課堂上來了它們價值連城Iactuallybroughtthemhere.Theseareveryvaluable。我給它們投了保所以不用擔心瞧Iinsuredthem，soit’snotaproblem。So.。.sothisis,um，這位畫家處在藝術生涯第一階段時的作品thisspecificartistfromthefirstphaseofhiscareer,如你所見充滿了有力的線條asyoucansee，youknow，verypowerfulstrokes,非常強烈非常從容真是絕了veryintense,verydeliberate，andjustgorgeous.另外一幅（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義Andhereis,仍是那位畫家進入藝術生涯第二階段bythesameartistfromthesecondphaseofhiscareer。印象派對他作品的影響已經清晰可辨了Hereyoualreadybegintoseeimpressionistinfluence不過你仍能從中看出同樣的特點onhisworkoButstill,youknowyouseethesametrait,同樣的力量同樣強烈的情感thesamepower,thesameintensity.這些都掛在我家墻上SoIhavetheseonmywallo我還想向你們介紹一位畫壇新秀There'sanewandupcomingartistwhoIwanttointroduceyouto.她還沒進入第二階段Shestilldoesn'thaveasecondphase,因為她才一歲大youknow,she?sonlyoneyear'sold.這幅畫是在她媽媽幫助下完成的（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義But,youknow,thisisaworkdonewiththehelpofherMom。但是我還是掛在墻上每天提醒我Butagain,theseareonmywallandtheyremindmeeveryday雖然我已經看過幾百次了evenI'veseenthemhundredsoftime，但還是掛著讓我想起我的孩子們it’sstillthereandIthinkaboutmykids.我掛了些其他的.。。AndIalsohaveother，youknow，名氣不比他們的畫家作品lessknownartists'workonmywall。你們可能沒聽過這畫Again,thisis,probablynotheardofthisone，這是羅丹的《沉思者》um,thisisRodin,TheThinker.也掛在我的墻上是我最喜歡的雕塑And,soIhavethisonmywall,it'smyfavoritesculpture。還有羅丹的另一幅作品（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義AndthenIhaveanotherpiecebyRodinjusttoremindme提醒我生活不僅要沉思還有其他的thatit’snotallaboutthinking,thereareotherthings讓生活更美好thatmakelifemakelifeworthliving。這是羅丹的《吻》SothisisRodin'sTheKiss，forthoseofyouwhoknowit.所以找些東西掛在墻上Andagainhavethesethingsonyourwall創(chuàng)造一種讓你覺得溫暖create(s)theenvironmentwhereyoufeelwarm，覺得開心的環(huán)境whereit'sfunforyoutobethere。名人名言我喜歡名人名言Quotes，youknowIlovequotes,你們很多人肯定也喜歡andIknowthatmanyofyoulovequotes.已經有人把他們最喜歡的名言發(fā)我了（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義Someofyouhavesentmeyourfavoritequotes。我墻上也有一列名言Ihaveonmywallalistofquotesandtheyarethere就算我沒看它們也能感受到evenifIdon’tseethem，Iseethem。比如讓我看看有沒有帶來Soforexample，let'sseeifIbroughtsomehere。好在這里呢Yes,heretheyare。這句說亞當斯總統說的SooneisbyJohnQuincyAdams。”耐心和堅持總能奇跡般地"Patienceandperseverancehaveamagicaleffectbefore掃除困難和障礙”whichdifficultiesdisappearandobstaclesvanish"o將“堅持”用于影射Soprimingtheissueofpersistence，插一句Bargh的實驗也囊括了這個詞（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義bythewaywhichisonethingthatBarghdidit。受到影射的人的確變得更堅韌不拔Heprimedthatandpeopleactuallybecamemorepersistent。喬治.艾略特原名瑪麗.安妮。艾凡斯GeorgeEliot，oralsoknownasMaryAnneEvens,我最喜歡的作家她寫過“推動myfavoriteauthor.Shewrote,“Theimportantworkofmoving人類進步的重任不能等待完人來完成”theworldforwarddoesnotwaittobedonebyperfectmen”。大約三周后我會講到完美主義I'lltalkaboutperfectionismwhichisaveryimportant，對我個人來說是非常重要的私人話題verypersonalthingformeinaboutthreeweeks?？梢哉f她是我的榜樣Sosheisaverymucharolemodel.加繆說過"在深冬里我終于發(fā)現在Camus，"Inthedepthofwinter，Ifinallylearned心里有個不敗的夏天”（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義thattherewaswithinmeaninvinciblesummer”.這句話幫助我走過了艱難困苦Aquotethathashelpedmethroughdifficult,throughhardtimes.亨利.戴維.梭羅HenryDavidThoreau，“如果一個人能昂首挺胸地朝著夢想前進"Ifoneadvancesconfidentlyinthedirectionofhisdreams，努力實現他想象的生活andendeavorstolivethelifewhichhehasimagined,他會與成功不期而遇”hewillmeetwithsuccess，unexpectedincommonhours"。同樣地我都掛在了墻上還有其他的Again,Ihavethesequotesuponmywall，andafewothers,其中許多名言你們都在課上讀到過了thatmanyofthequotesthatyou’veseeninthecourse。它們不斷影射我提醒我Andtheyprimeme，theyremindme，為我創(chuàng)造出積極的環(huán)境（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義theycreatetheenvironmentforme.我們會在下一節(jié)討論藝術及其重要性We’lltalkaboutartinthenextsection，anditsimportance。把喜歡的書放在手邊聽聽音樂Haveyoufavoritebooksnexttoyou.Listentomusic,要集中注意聽butlistentoitmindfully，不要只當背景音樂要讓音樂激發(fā)你notjustasbackgroundmusicbutthemusicthatinspiresyou,185無論是搖滾還是痞子阿姆都可以whetherit'srocky,whetherit'sEminem，whoeveritis.多看看激勵你的電影Watchfilmsthatinspireyou,這些東西能幫你創(chuàng)造積極的環(huán)境allthesethingshelpyoutocreateanenvironment有助于成長獲得成功與產生幸福感thatisconducivetogrowth，tosuccess,towellbeing.（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義其中大部分都是在潛意識層面上進行的Alotofthisisdoneonthesubconsciouslevel這就是影射的力量對于影射的研究whichisthepowerofthepriming.Aprimingstudies。這也是積極研究的意義Andfinallythisiswhatpositiveresearchisabout.如果我們總是關注"消極”研究焦慮Ifweconstantlyfocuson"negative"research，anxiety，壓抑精神分裂癥就會被這些研究影射depression，schizophrenia,weareprimedbythisresearch,被這些工作影射創(chuàng)造出現實weareprimedbythiswork.Anditcreatesreality。你們有些人可能知道Youknow,thisindirectlyandconjunctionallyrelatesto,這與冰山理論有這千絲萬縷的聯系someofyoumayknow,theIsenbergprinciple,即當你度量某種現象時isthatwhenyoumeasureaphenomenon,（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義就是在改變這種現象youarechangingthephenomenon;當你度量某種現象時whenyouaremeasuringaphenomenon，也是在改變自己youarealsochangingyourself.所以通過研究積極環(huán)境我們也是在Sobyresearchingthepositivewearealsoprimingourselves對自己影射積極的東西withthepositive.今天包括下周我談到的很多內容Now，alotofthisworkthatI'mtalkingabouttodayandI’lltalk其實都是源于自助運動aboutnexttimeactuallycomesfromtheself—helpmovement。自助運動確立于20世紀Inmanywaystheself-helpmovementwasfounded,并從各個方面展開wasstartedinthe20thcentury。。.（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義其理論基礎為我們通過思考創(chuàng)建了世界wasstartedwiththeunderstandingthatwecreatetheworld我們的思維創(chuàng)建了時間throughourthinking，thatourmindcreatestheworld。1930年代相關書籍開始出版Andbookslikethesecameout,backinthe1930's,比如《思考致富》ThinkingGrowRich。從30年代至今銷售超過6千萬本Thisbooksince1930’ssoldover60millioncopies。而且仍不斷再版It'sstillsellingo至今還是暢銷書不論在美國It'sselling,it'sthebestsellerintheUS,中國印度it'sthebestsellerinChina,inIndia,非洲還是歐洲it'sthebestsellerinAfrica,it'sthebestsellerinEurope.（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義它對人們產生了巨大影響Ithasanimpactonpeopleandhere'soneofthethings作者NapoleonHill這樣說過thatNapoleonHillsays,”只要你想得到只要你相信你就能夠做到”“Whateveryourmindcanconceiveandbelieve,itcanachieve."只要你想得到只要你相信你就能夠做到Whateveryourmindcanconceiveandbelieve，itcanachieve。非常鼓舞人心Veryempowering.對各類人群對大眾產生了很多影響Andthishadanimpactonmanydifferentpeople，onthemasses,6千萬本銷量史上最暢銷書籍again,60millioncopies，oneofthebestsellersinhistory.HenryFord也發(fā)表過類似的看法HenryFordhadasimilaridea，”不論你認為自己行還是不行你都是對的”“Whetheryouthinkyoucanorcan’t,youarerighto"（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義許多人都這一理念吸引為什么Andpeopleweredrawntothismessage.Why?因為它鼓舞人心Becauseit’sempowering，讓他們覺得沒有什么不可能的becauseitmakesthemfeelthatthingsarepossible。另一本極具影響力的書Anotherveryinfluentialbook，NormanVincentPeale的《正面思考的力量》ThePowerofPositiveThinking,NormanVincentPeale.“要有美好的希望并全力以赴去追求"Havegreathopesanddaretogoalloutforthem.要有遠大的夢想并全力以赴去實現Havegreatdreamsanddaretolivethem.要有宏偉的期望并深信不疑”Havetremendousexpectationsandbelieveinthem."多么讓人為之一振啊Howinspiringforpeopletohearthat,（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義只要你思考allyouneedtodoisthink,只要你相信就會獲得富足allyouneedtodoisbelieve,andaffluencewillcometoyou。無論是精神的富足Whetherit’sintrapersonalaffluence,還是物質的富足whetherit'smonetaryaffluence.這一理念對大眾一直有著巨大吸引力Andthisisbeenthemessagethathasdrawnthemasses時至今日仍是如此andcontinuestodosotoday。當今最暢銷的勵志書Thebestsellingbooktoday，全球銷量第一沒錯《秘密》No。1bestsellerallovertheworld，that'sright,TheSecret。成功的秘密就是所謂的”吸引力法則”Thesecrettosuccessis，whattheycall,thelawofattraction。（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義即你的生活是被你吸引過來的Thelawofattractionisthatyouattracttoyourlife無論你想象什么無論你相信什么whateveryouimaging，whateveryoubelieveit。有一條強大的訊息Again,apowerfulmessage,本書已經賣出了幾百萬本millionsandmillionsofcopiesofthisbookbeingsold.就在我們說話當口仍在熱賣Aswespeak,continuetobesoldo而它傳達的訊息其實很簡單：相信就會成功Andthemessageisagainsimple:believe,andyouwillachieve;構想就會實現conceive,anditwillbeconceived.在現實中就會實現Inreality,intheworld,itwillcometoyou.讓人信服鼓舞人心Veryconvincing,veryinspiringmessage.（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義但是這條訊息正確嗎But,isthismessageright?這我們討論過還有RogerBannister的故事Well，wetalkedaboutthisandwesawtheRogerBannisterstory.他在4分鐘準確說是3'59跑完了1英里Youknowoneday,orsixweeksafterRogerBannisterruns6周后JohnLandy將這一成績縮短到3'57.amilein4minutes,orin3’59,JohnLandyrunsitin3’57。9.一年后37名運動員都能跑到4分內了Theyearafter37runnersrunthemileinunder4minutes.其中有一定奧妙Sothereissomethingtoit。一但他們相信能辦到就有可能實現Oncetheybelieveditwaspossible,itbecamepossible.但問題是Andhereistheissue,當今的心理自助運動的發(fā)展趨勢withmuchofwhat'sgoingonintheself-helptoday,（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義當今的自助領域強調某個真相self-helprealmtoday,itdrawsonatruth,將這個真相過分鼓吹arealtruthandthenblowsitoutofproportion。沒錯Soyes，某種意義上我們的精神的確能創(chuàng)造現實thereissometruthinthefactthatourmindcreatesreality.但是這不是全部Butthat'sonlypartofthetruth.我們創(chuàng)造了現實或者說是共同創(chuàng)造Wecreaterealityorratherweco-createreality。還會受到外界或者內在的某些影響Therehastobesomethingoutthereorinthere,比如《秘密》forexample，whenitcomestoTheSecret。如果你相信自己可能會成功Ifyoubelievethatyouarelikelytosucceed,（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義那成功的可能性會變大youaremuchmorelikelytosucceed.但離不開刻苦勤奮與堅持不懈Butthathastocomewithalotofhardworkandpersistence,而且失敗避免不了ithastocomewithalotoffailure，你要從失敗中學習andlearningfromthatfailure.所以這只是等式的一半而這些自助書籍Soit'sjusthalfoftheequationandwhattheseself-helpbooks傳達的訊息往往言過其實效果甚微andmessagesdoisoverpromiseandunder—deliver,甚至可能會造成毀滅性后果whichattimescanbedestructive。比如如果一切皆建立于吸引力法則上Forexample，ifeverythingisbasedonthelawofattraction.我創(chuàng)造了一切Icreatedeverythingthat（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義一切都因我而變一切都是我的錯everythingisuptomeandalsoeverythingismyfault。舉個極端點的例子Eventakingtotheextreme，如果3歲小女孩被虐待那是她的責任嗎isa3yearsoldgirlresponsibleforbeingabused?30歲的男子被酒醉駕車的司機撞成癱瘓Isa30yearsoldmanresponsibleforbeingparalyzed是他自己的責任嗎asaresultofanaccidentbyadrunkendriver?有些事情是我們無法控制的Therearecertainthingsthatareoutthere所以一切因我而變andwhenwesaythateverythingisuptous,一切都由吸引力法則決定everythingiscreatedbythelawofattraction，這種說法短期內可能能讓你thenit’saprescriptionmaybeintheshorttermforinspiration（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義堅定信念獲得幸福感但是長期來看andforbeliefandforwellbeing，butinthelongterm，只會讓人感到挫敗內疚不快樂it'sforfrustration，forguilt,andforunhappiness。00：17:01，020-->00:17：02,900離成功越來越遠Andalsoforlesssuccess因為如果我真的相信一切都由思考決定becauseifIreallybelievethatit'sallaboutthinking,這種想法就會成為我的心態(tài)習慣thenthisisgoingtobemymindset。只要有信心AllIneedtodoisbelieveandthen錢就會滾滾而來allthemoneywillcometome。愛情就會降臨于我Allthesuccessinarelationshipwillcometome。這抹殺了勤奮工作..。（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義Andthatdoesawaywiththehardwork,堅韌不拔以及失敗的作用withthepersistence，withthefailurethatisnecessary,它們也是成功幸福完滿人生的必要組成部分partandparcelofasuccessful,happy，fulfilling，humanlife.我給大家放一段短片Iwanttoshowyouaquickvideo。是我在網上看到的一段廣告ThisisofanadIsawonlineandIactuallycalledthe于是我向蘇格蘭皇家銀行索要了原版RoyalBankonScotlandandaskedthemtosendmetheoriginal.因為它抓住了當今人們對精神力量的Becauseitcapturessomeofthemisunderstanding某種誤解thatthereistodayaboutthepowerofthemind.很詼諧的一則廣告Justaverycutead。Douglas也是參加會議的（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義Douglasfromtheconference。00:17:55，160——>00：17:56，740-JamesAderson—你好-JamesAderson.-Oh,yeah.這兒風景真不錯That'salotofgreen.那是什么鳥？Whatkindofbirdisit？-怎么回事一不知道—What'sthat?-Idon’tknow.沒事的各位我上過一門課程It'sokguys！I'vedoneacourse。-什么？一正面思考—What?一Positivethinking.正面的思考會產生正面的影響Positivethoughtmakesapositiveimpact。明白不正面的思考會產生正面的影響OK?Positivethoughthasapositiveimpact。（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義看著我沒事的來Lookatme。That'srightoOkay,comeon。(緊急啟動)(EmergencyStart)語言不能代替行動Talkisnosubstituteforaction.這就是思想的力量That'sthepower。創(chuàng)造現實蘇格蘭皇家銀行集團Makeithappen.TheRoyalBankofScotlandGroup.—我真厲害-真的耶—Iamgoodo-Yes,youare.它抓住了部分真相但不是全部Itcapturespartofthetruthbutnotthewholetruth.我們看看嚴肅研究Solet'sseewhatseriousresearch對精神力量的解釋hastosayaboutthepowerofthemind.（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義一種神奇的現象Arealphenomenon,actualphenomenon,butone但還是需要通過實驗來研究其原理thatweneedtoalsoapplyrealresearchtoseewhatworks。AlbertBandura你們本周的閱讀任務AlbertBandura，onyourreadingaboutforthisweek，做了許多關于自我效能的研究hasdonealotofworkontheconceptofself—efficacy本質上是自信的學術術語whichisessentiallytheacademictermforbelievinginoneself.以下是他進行幾十年研究后的結論Andhereiswhathewritesafterdecadesanddecadesofresearch。去年他獲得了授予積極心理學家的Hebythewaywontheresearcher'sprizefor研究者獎項thepositivepsychologistslastyear進行了很多這方面的研究他是斯坦福大學的教授sohe’sdoingalotofresearchinthisarea。He’sfromStanford。（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義”自我效能感影響人們生活選擇“Beliefsinpersonalefficacyaffectlifechoices,動機水平機能的質量對逆境的適應力levelofmotivation，qualityoffunctioning，resilienceto對壓力和沮喪的抵抗力adversityandvulnerabilitytostressanddepression.”相信自己的人充滿信心Thoseyoubelieveinthemselves,whohaveconfidence,在生活的不同領域都表現出色他還指出dowellacrossthedifferentareasintheirlives，Hecontinues,認為自己高效能者“Peoplewhoregardthemselvesashighlyefficaciousact，think,與認為自己無用者andfeeldifferentlyfromthosewhoperceivethemselves想法感覺完全不同asinefficacious.他們創(chuàng)造自己的未來而不是簡單地夢想Theyproducetheirownfuture,ratherthansimplyforetellit。"（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義換句話說他所說的是Inotherwords,whathe’stalkingabouthereisthat對生活充滿信心的人thesepeoplearescribedintheirlives.他們創(chuàng)造自己的人生與那些Theycreatetheirownlivesasopposetothose由他人擺布的人不同他們適應力更強thatarebeingprescribedbyothers。Theyaremoreresilient,對困難與挫折的應對力更強betterabletodealwithhardshipsanddifficulties。換句話說能力更強Inotherwords,bettercapacity我們之前討論過應對挫折的問題aswediscussedearliertodealwithdifficulties。這項研究的重要性在于經過長年累月的Nowtheimportantthingaboutthisresearch，研究發(fā)現這些能力是可以習得的inhisresearchovertheyearsisthatitcanbelearned。（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義可以慢慢培養(yǎng)It’scultivatedovertime.否則研究就是無用的至少對我們來說是Soitwouldbeuselessif，intermsofresearch,如果通過研究他得出結論atleastforusifhewouldsay，說這種能力只是天生的well,somepeoplearebornwithit,andothersarenot。有些人天生就有適應力基因Somepeoplearebornwith，whattheystartedtotalkabout，其他人沒有theresiliencegene，andothersarenotbornwiththat.幸好情況不是這樣Butthat'snotthecase.他的研究表明這些都可以習得的Whathehasshownisthatitcanbelearned。但要花時間和經歷Ittakestime，ittakeseffort，（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義我們以后會討論如何培養(yǎng)andwewilltalkaboutlaterhowwedoit。重要的是這些能力是可以鍛煉的Buttheimportantthing,it'smalleable.我們可以改變它Wecandosomethingaboutit。Curry做過一項關于運動員的研究OtherresearchbyCurryoncollegeathletes，下面一定坐著許多運動員Iknowtherearemanyathletesinthisroom.她證明了一旦成為運動員Sheshowedthat56%ofyoursuccessesasanathlete,56%的成功是由期望度決定的onceyoustartbeinganathlete,isdeterminedbylevelsofhope,成功取決于你堅信自己能取得成功的程度byhowmuchyoubelievethatyouaregoingtosucceed。記得第一或第二節(jié)課上Rememberfromveryfirstorsecondclass（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義我提到了JohnCarter的研究whereItalkedabouttheresearchbyJohnCarter，有關商..。哈佛商學院畢業(yè)生的aboutthebusiness。。。HBSgraduates。他預測...Wherehepredicted。.。有兩個因素會影響他們的長期成功wherethetwothingspredictedsuccessinthelongterm,某些畢業(yè)生會格外成功extraordinarysuccessofthesegrads。一是他們不斷地提問Onewasthattheywereconstantlyaskingquestions,二是他們相信自己andtwowasthattheybelievedinthemselves.他們相信自己能行Theythoughttheycoulddowell。但需要意識到的是Butit'simportanttoalsorealizethat（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義不是所有這些差異it’snot100percentofthevariancesthatwasexplained,都能用希望信念或樂觀來解釋的byhope，orbybelief，orbyoptimism，很多自助書籍想引導我們這么認為asmanyoftheself-helpbookswouldhaveusbelieve.但當然這些是成功的一部分Butit'scertainlypartoftheequationofsuccess。NathanielBranden從事心理治療50年了NathanielBrandenhasbeenatherapistforfiftyyears;他做過許多嚴謹全面的哲學及心理學研究he'sdonealotofrigorousphilosophicalandpsychological致力于對自尊概念的探究researchandworkontheconceptofself-esteem。等我們進行到自尊課時We'llvisithimmorein-depthwhenwetalkabout,會詳細講他的研究whenwehavetheweekonself—esteem。（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義現在我只引用他的一句話Butfornow,justaquickquote:“我們每個人自尊的水平“thelevelofourself—esteem，inanotherwords，也就是自信的程度thelevelofourbeliefinourselves，對我們的方方面面有著深遠的影響hasprofoundconsequencesforeveryaspectofourexistence：比如我們的待人接物howweoperateintheworkplace，howwedealwithpeople,能取得的地位能取得多少成就howhighwearelikelytorise,howmuchwearelikelytoachieve還比如在個人領域and,inthepersonalrealm,我們會與誰墜入愛河withwhomwearelikelytofallinlove,我們與配偶孩子及朋友的關系howweinteractwithourspouse，children,andfriends，（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義個人幸福的水平”whatlevelofpersonalhappinessweattain.物質富足與幸福感Verylowlevelsofcorrelation或生活地點與幸福感betweenmaterialaffluenceandwellbeing，屬于低度線性相關orbetweenwhereweliveandwellbeing,而自尊與幸福感屬于高度線性相關veryhighcorrelationbetweenself-esteemandwellbeing.大多數研究發(fā)現兩者的相關系數Inmostresearchwhatwefoundisa0.7correlation可以達到0.betweenthetwoconstructs。我的論文也獲得了相同結論ThisiswhatIfoundinmydissertationaswell。所以自尊非常重要Soself-esteemmatters.（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義內在因素很重要我們提高自信水平時Theinternalmattersandwhatwearedoingwhenweenhance發(fā)生在我們身上的是whenweraiseourlevelsofbeliefinourselves我們在轉變精神改變“容器”iswearetransformingourmind，wearechangingtheform，這樣我們看世界的角度不同了sothatweseeweinteract,weseetheworlddifferently,有了不同的理解與感悟weperceivedifferentthings，處事待人的方法不同了weexperiencethingsinadifferentway.慶祝成功Whetherit’ssuccessesthatwethencelebrate，從失敗中學習轉化為機遇orfailuresthatwethenlearnfromandturnintoopportunities。但最重要的是我們的內在Butsomuchofitisaboutwhatwehaveinsidehere.（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義Branden說過”自我概念即命運”Branden,”self—conceptisdestiny.”與“只要你想得到只要你相信你就能夠做到”Verysimilarto”whateveryourmindcanconceive,itcanachieve非常才相似NapoleonHill說的fromNapoleonHill.唯一的不同之處是Theonlydifferencebeingthathealso他對此進行了嚴謹細致的思考與研究putsalotofrigorousthinkingandresearchthere以證明信仰的局限性andshowsthelimitationofthebelief。這一領域的另一個研究Hereisanotherexampleofresearchdoneinthearea大多數都聽說過whichmostpeopleknowabout。安慰劑效應ThePlaceboeffect.（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義你頭痛去看醫(yī)生Yougotothedoctor,youhaveaheadache,醫(yī)生說我給你開種藥thedoctortellsyou:hereIhaveapillforyou。非常有效新出的Thebestthing。Justcameoutrecently。能治療你的頭痛Willhelpyougetovertheheadache。你吃了藥頭不痛了Givesyouthepill。Yougetovertheheadache.你不知道的是她給你的其實是糖球Unbeknownsttoyou,whatshegaveyouwas，asugarpill.但是因為你以為Butbecauseyouthought,因為你相信它能治好頭痛becauseyoubelievedthatitwouldhelpyourheadache，還真治好了真是神藥啊itactuallydidhelpyourheadache.Realphenomenamedicine。（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義于是HerbertBenson在河對岸SoHerbertBenson，fromtheacrosstheriver，醫(yī)學院的老師fromthemedicalschoolhere，對此做了一系列研究hasdonealotofresearchinthisarea。我著重跟大家講兩個Letmesharewithyoujusttwoofhisstudies.他找了一些處在妊娠期WhatBensondidwasbringingwomenwhohad，胃部不適的婦女whowerepregnant，andwhohadstomachproblems。。.她們都有嘔吐惡心的癥狀theywerevomiting，theywerethrowingup,theywerenauseous，這其實挺常見的somethingwhichisrelativelycommon尤其是在懷孕初期的三個月especiallyinthefirsttrimesterofpregnancy。（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義他告訴她們Sohebroughttheminandtoldthem,”這里有一種新藥"Ihavethisnewpillforyou能緩解你們胃部不適thatwillhelpyouovercomeyourstomachdistress。治療嘔吐癥狀Youwon’tthrowupanymoreafter;非常有效thisisaverypowerfulandgoodpill."于是他把藥給了她們Sohegavethemthatpillandtheygotover她們的胃部就好了theirstomachdistress,theywerebetter.當然她們不知道那只是安慰劑Theydidn'tknowofcoursethiswasjustaplacebodrug，普通的糖丸justasugarpill.（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義然后他將實驗更進一步Thenhetookitstepfurther,找來了另一組有同樣胃部不適broughtinanothergroupofwomenwiththeexact嘔吐癥狀的婦女samestomachdistress，withthesamevomiting.把藥給她們Gavethemthepill,告訴她們可以緩解胃病hetoldthemwouldhelpthemovercometheirstomachdistress。但是這次他給的不再是糖丸Onlythistime，insteadofasugarpill,而是小劑量heactuallygavethemsmalldosage，沒有危險性的小劑量的吐根notdangerousbutsmalldosageofipecac.你們可能知道吐根..。Nowthoseofyouwhoknowwhatipecacis。。。（完整）哈佛大學幸福課第六課中英文講義是催吐時服用的藥物It'sadrugthatwetakeifwewanttothrowup。如果發(fā)生食物中毒Soifwehavefoodpoisoning,就需要服用吐根催吐wetakethesedrugsanditwill