活動當(dāng)天-6中英文

ABriefAntisepticSolutionDesignedforFamilyAir-ConditioningSystemHOWTOFACETHEPOLLUTIONOFTHEINDOORATMOSPHEREINAFAMILY?JASONLI,ASTERIAWANG,ASTRIDOU-YANG,RICARDOWEI,ZIJIAN Preliminary Acknowledgementand BecauseofthespecificclimateenvironmentinChina,AirConditioningSystem(AC)hasbeenoneofthenecessariessetinChineseFamilies.Nonetheless,asACSystempopularizinginChina,syndromesledfromACSystemiscontinuouslytakingplace.Datedbackto1978,therewasonceatragedythat44 sinMemphis,TennesseehadbeencontaminatedbyLegionnaire’sDisease,adiseasecausedbyL.p (whoseshapeisshowninFigure1),whichpollutedthecoolingtoweroftheACSystem.Figure1ThecoloniesofL.pophlialightedunderultravioletThecontaminationofL.p ophliacouldbetracedinthePhiladelphiain1976.L.pophlia,akindofbacteriasuitabletoliveinwarmaquaenvironment,whichisabletospreadinthewayofbio-aerosol,leadstop oniaandfever,occasionallydeathinsevereInMay2000,inVictoria,AustraliaweresixtycasesinfectedbyL.p ophlia,whichcamefromapollutedACCoolingTower,whiletheinfectionshappenedin2001’sSpainand2003’sFrancearealsoedrelatedwithL.p Althoughtherehavenotbeensimilarmass-scalecausedbyACSystemuntilnowinChina,severalresearchesimpliedthatpublicplacesinShanghai,Guangzhou,Shenzhen,andBeijing,havebeensufferedfromcontaminationofACSystemfromLp ophlia,orothermicroorganismsindifferentscale.Amongthem,amass-scalefeveroutbreakinShenzhenin2003hasbeenedrelatedtoL.p ophlia.HuangBinandhispartnerhaveassessedthesanitarysituationinpassengertrains,too.However,thereisnoobjectiveresearchesfocusingonthespilt-typeACSystem,whichisbroadlyusedinChina’sfamiliesandsmall-scalepublicplaces.Aresearchonthesituationincommonfamilieshasimpliedthatthenumberofthemicroorganismsintheindoorairismorethanthatnumberintheoutdoorair.Thus,herewearemajoringondiscussinganysisontheamountofmicroorganismslivinginindoorair,aswellasprovidingasolutionwithhigherplausibility.PreliminaryThestructureofaspilt-typeACSystem,commoninmainlandChina,canbedividedintotwochiefportions,whicharecalledindoorunitandoutdoorunit.(ShowninFigure2).Figure2Abriefstructureofthehomespilt-typeACThebiggestcharacteristicofthiskindofspilt-typeACSystemisthattheydonothaveanindependentnewairsystem,thatis,thereisnotadirectwayforairflowingbetweeninteriorandexterior.Therefore,thequalityoftheairininteriorreliesonthestatusoftheindoorsystem.Ifthereisanypartoftheflowingpath,compressor-condenser-capillary-evaporator-compressor,pollutedbybacterium,itwillcauseairpollutedbythissortofbacteriumwhentheairisflowingpasttheevaporator.Therefore,wetrytotransformthispathtodecreasethepossibilityoftheaircurrentcarryingbacterium.Basedonthistheory,wemadesomeplanbelow:Addantisepticsorantibiotics,suchasquaternaryammoniumsalts,sodiumhypochlorite,peraceticacid,intorefrigerant;Addoxidizinggasesorliquids,suchaschlorine,chlorinedioxide,ozone,intoevaporatorUseUVCtokillSetupanenvironmentofhightemperatureandhighProceedingAfterstudyingoutfourbasicplan,weassessedonAtpresent,thechiefrefrigerantsinACsystemareR-134a(1,1,1,2–tetrafluoro-ethane)andR-410A(amixtureofthesamemassofDifluoro-methane(R-32)andpentafluoro-ethane(R-125)).Inaddition,fewACsystemsstilluseR-12(Dichloro-difluoro-methane)orR-22(Difluoro-monochloro-methane).Inthecoolingsystem,therefrigerantwillruninthewayshowedinFigure3.Figure3APresentationoftheRouteofRefrigerantinanACThus,ifweaddedantisepticsorantibioticsintothepipeoftherefrigerant,thedifferentphysicalandchemicalpropertiesamongtheenvironment,especiallyphasediagram,boilingpoint,meltingpointandthepossibilityofreactingwiththepipe,maydamagethepipeoreventhewholesystem.Sinceit,althoughthereareexperimentsprovingthatthiskindofantisepticshaveagoodkillingeffectonL.p ophlia,theplanoffaddingquaternaryammoniumsalts,sodiumhypochlorite,Peraceticacid,Ions,orErythromycinisunpracticalthatwehaveto1TheNumbersandColorsinThepicturearestandingfor:1forcoolingcoil(inthepartofexterior,refrigerantliquefieshere);2forcapillary(refrigerantiscooledhere);3forevaporatorcoil(inthepartofinterior,refrigerantgasifieshere);4forcompressor(refrigerantisheatedhere).Thecolorredforrefrigerantinthephaseofgas,withhighpressureandtemperature;pinkforrefrigerantinliquidwithhightemperatureandhighpressure;blueforrefrigerantinliquidwithlowtemperatureandlowpressure;lightblueforrefrigerantingasoflowpressureandHowaboutGases?Unfortuna y,wearetakingariskoftheleakingofthegaseswhenitisinappropria ymaintainedanditisexpensivetoaddchlorineorchlorinedioxideorproduceozone.Therefore,itisnotworthpracticing.HeatingisunpracticaltoobecauseitisobviousthatanenvironmentofhighpressureandtemperatureisexpensiveandunreliableinanACsystem.Fromallthathasbeendiscussedabove,wedrawaconclusionthatweshoulduseUVCtokillbacterium.OurdesignofWedividedourplaninto4majorportions,SetaBenark:recorddatawhenanairconditionerisnotequippedwithUVsystem,asabenarktobecompared ithour primentaldesigns.MakePrototype:equipourairconditionerswithUVsystem,installedinappropriateposition,whichwillbetalkedhereinafter.MeasureChange:recordthesamegroupofdatawhenanACisequippedwithUVsystem.ItwillbecomparedtotheBen arkasanevaluationtoourUVSystem;ModifyDesign:makerevisiononourdesignbasedontheresultofcomparison,inordertoenhancetheperformanceofourexperimentaldesign.Onourpreliminarythoughts,thevariationsthatwearegoingtomeasureTheamountofBacteriumandFungiintheEvaporateTheamountofBacteriumandFungiinthecooledTheamountofBacteriumandFungiintheindoorThepowerconsumptionofTheIntensityofUltra-VioletRayleakintheTheNoiseandunexpectedOurtimetableandWehavesetatimetableandbudgetforourplantobeMakeModificationstoPrototypeforMass-2013.10-2014.ToDesignourAnAirSomeUltra-Violet￥20foreachAUltra-VioletAelectricAcknowledgementandAM.,K.&RI.,M.,1986.Airbornemicrobialcontaminantsinindoorenvironments.Naturallyventilatedandair-conditionedhomes..ArchEnvironHealth,41(5)(306-11).DonderoTJ.以及其他人1980AnOutbreakOfLegionnaires'DiseaseAssociatedWithAContaminatedAir-ConditioningCoolingTower.TheNewEnglandJournalOfMedicine,Gathany,J2006Legionellaspcoloniesgrowingonanagarplate.[聯(lián)機]Availableat:Karonen,I2007Diagramofaphasechangeheatpump..[聯(lián)機WashingtonCWinnJ1996Chapter40Legionella.出處MedicalMicrobiology4thedition..Galveston,TX:UniversityofTexasMedicalBra